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    4.3 Isothermal Process

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    Daniel Manivough
    1. The document provides information about a non-flow isothermal process involving 4 pounds of air. Given the initial pressure, final volume, and entropy change, it calculates the initial volume, temperature, work done, heat transferred, and change in internal energy. 2. By using the equations for entropy change, ideal gas law, and properties of isothermal processes, it determines that the initial volume is 7.09 ft3, temperature is 114.22°F, work is 281.95 BTU, heat is 281.95 BTU, and change in internal energy is 0 BTU. 3. The calculations show how to apply thermodynamic concepts and relationships to solve for various properties of

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4.3 Isothermal Process

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Manivough
    98 views5 pages
    1. The document provides information about a non-flow isothermal process involving 4 pounds of air. Given the initial pressure, final volume, and entropy change, it calculates the initial volume, temperature, work done, heat transferred, and change in internal energy. 2. By using the equations for entropy change, ideal gas law, and properties of isothermal processes, it determines that the initial volume is 7.09 ft3, temperature is 114.22°F, work is 281.95 BTU, heat is 281.95 BTU, and change in internal energy is 0 BTU. 3. The calculations show how to apply thermodynamic concepts and relationships to solve for various properties of

    Original Title

    4.3 Isothermal Process (1)

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    1. The document provides information about a non-flow isothermal process involving 4 pounds of air. Given the initial pressure, final volume, and entropy change, it calculates the initial volume, temperature, work done, heat transferred, and change in internal energy. 2. By using the equations for entropy change, ideal gas law, and properties of isothermal processes, it determines that the initial volume is 7.09 ft3, temperature is 114.22°F, work is 281.95 BTU, heat is 281.95 BTU, and change in internal energy is 0 BTU. 3. The calculations show how to apply thermodynamic concepts and relationships to solve for various properties of

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    98 views5 pages

    4.3 Isothermal Process

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Manivough
    1. The document provides information about a non-flow isothermal process involving 4 pounds of air. Given the initial pressure, final volume, and entropy change, it calculates the initial volume, temperature, work done, heat transferred, and change in internal energy. 2. By using the equations for entropy change, ideal gas law, and properties of isothermal processes, it determines that the initial volume is 7.09 ft3, temperature is 114.22°F, work is 281.95 BTU, heat is 281.95 BTU, and change in internal energy is 0 BTU. 3. The calculations show how to apply thermodynamic concepts and relationships to solve for various properties of

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    EXAMPLE:

    Four pounds of air gain 0.491 BTU/°R of entropy during a non-flow isothermal process. If initial
    pressure is 120 psia and the final volume is 42.5 ft3, find the following:

    1. Initial volume in ft3

    2. Temperature of the gas in °F

    3. Work non-flow in BTU

    4. Heat in BTU

    5. Change in internal energy in BTU

    Given:

    m = 4 lbm

    Δs = 0.491 BTU/°R (gain)

    P1 = 120 psia

    V2 = 42.5 ft3

    Required:

    1. V1 = ? ft3

    2. T = ? °F

    3. WNF = ? BTU

    4. Q = ? BTU

    5. ΔU = ? BTU
    Solution:

    The gas undergoes an isothermal process, so we will use the conditions under this process.

    (1) Let’s solve for V1.

    Since we have Δs in the given, we may use it:

    𝑃1
    ∆𝑠 = 𝑚𝑅𝑙𝑛
    𝑃2

    But we are looking for V1, so let’s use the relationship of volume and pressure at isothermal
    process:

    𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2

    𝑃1 𝑉2
    =
    𝑃2 𝑉1

    𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

    𝑃1
    𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚: ∆𝑠 = 𝑚𝑅𝑙𝑛
    𝑃2

    𝑉2
    ∆𝑠 = 𝑚𝑅𝑙𝑛
    𝑉1

    Solving for V1:

    ∆𝑠 𝑉2
    = 𝑙𝑛
    𝑚𝑅 𝑉1

    ∆𝑠 𝑉2
    𝑒 [𝑚𝑅] =
    𝑉1

    𝑉2
    𝑉1 = ∆𝑠
    𝑒 [𝑚𝑅]
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:

    𝐵𝑇𝑈
    ∆𝑠 = 0.491
    °𝑅

    𝑚 = 4 𝑙𝑏𝑚

    𝑓𝑡 ∙ 𝑙𝑏𝑓
    𝑅 = 53.34 (𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑖𝑟)
    𝑙𝑏𝑚 ∙ °𝑅

    𝑉2 = 42.5 𝑓𝑡 3

    42.5 𝑓𝑡 3
    𝑉1 =
    𝐵𝑇𝑈
    0.491
    °𝑅
    𝑓𝑡∙𝑙𝑏𝑓 1 𝐵𝑇𝑈
    [4 𝑙𝑏𝑚][53.34 ][ ]
    [ 𝑙𝑏𝑚∙°𝑅 778.16 𝑓𝑡∙𝑙𝑏𝑓 ]
    𝑒

    𝑽𝟏 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟗 𝒇𝒕𝟑 (𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹)

    (2) Determine T in °F:

    NOTES:

    a. Based on the given, we have m and P1.

    b. We already know the gas constant (R) of air.

    c. We computed for the value of V1.

    Therefore, to find the temperature, we can use the ideal gas equation:

    𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚: 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇

    𝑃𝑉
    𝑇=
    𝑚𝑅

    To be more specific, let’s use the initial values of pressure and volume. On the other hand,
    m, R, and T are constants.

    𝑃1 𝑉1
    𝑇=
    𝑚𝑅
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:

    𝑃1 = 120 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎

    𝑉1 = 7.09 𝑓𝑡 3

    𝑚 = 4 𝑙𝑏𝑚

    𝑓𝑡 ∙ 𝑙𝑏𝑓
    𝑅 = 53.34
    𝑙𝑏𝑚 ∙ °𝑅

    𝑙𝑏𝑓 2
    [120 ] [7.09 3 ] [12 𝑖𝑛]
    𝑓𝑡
    𝑖𝑛2 1 𝑓𝑡
    𝑇=
    𝑓𝑡 ∙ 𝑙𝑏𝑓
    [4 𝑙𝑏𝑚 ] [53.34 ]
    𝑙𝑏𝑚 ∙ °𝑅

    𝑇 = 574.2182227°𝑅

    But the required unit is °F:

    𝑇 = 574.2182227°𝑅 − 460

    𝑻 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒. 𝟐𝟐℉ (𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹)

    (3) Let’s compute for WNF:

    𝑉2
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛
    𝑉1

    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:

    𝑃1 = 120 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎

    𝑉1 = 7.09 𝑓𝑡 3 (𝑤𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 1)

    𝑉2 = 42.5 𝑓𝑡 3
    𝑙𝑏𝑓 3] [
    12 𝑖𝑛 2 1 𝐵𝑇𝑈 42.5 𝑓𝑡 3
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = [120 ] [7.09 𝑓𝑡 ] [ ] ln [ ]
    𝑖𝑛2 1 𝑓𝑡 778.16 𝑓𝑡 ∙ 𝑙𝑏𝑓 7.09 𝑓𝑡 3

    𝑾𝑵𝑭 = 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟗𝟓 𝑩𝑻𝑼 (𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹)

    (4) Solving for Q:

    𝑉2
    𝑄 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛 = 𝑊𝑁𝐹
    𝑉1

    𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒:

    𝑸 = 𝟐𝟖𝟏. 𝟗𝟓 𝑩𝑻𝑼 (𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹)

    (5) Determine ΔU:

    For isothermal process:

    ∆𝑼 = 𝟎 𝑩𝑻𝑼 (𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹)

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