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Design and Fabrication of Automatic Shoe Polishing Machine

Technical Report · May 2016

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National Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering Science (NCAMES-2016)

Design and Fabrication of Automatic Shoe

Polishing Machine
Amogh Ananth Neermarga #, Chirag V.R. #,
Denver Prajwal Martis #.
#
UG scholar., NMAM Institute of Technology,
Karkala Taluk, Udupi Dist. Karnataka State,India

Abstract — In this work an attempt has been made Hari Sudhan et al. discussed about Arduino
to design and fabricate an automatic shoe polishing ATMEGA-328 Microcontroller. In this study, the
machine to make the shoe polishing process simpler. authors explained that Arduino UNO ATMEGA-328
This project focuses on automation of the shoe is most suitable microcontroller for various
polishing and shining process without any human applications such as industries, laboratory and
involvement in the process. This machine uses lead robotics [5].
screw mechanism, dc motors for actuation, springs Ranjani et al. explained about controlling the
for gripping the shoe, Arduino UNO ATMEGA-328 speed of dc motor by Pulse Width Modulation
microcontroller and L298 motor driver circuit. (PWM) using Labview and microcontroller. In this
study, authors explained about using L298 motor
Keywords — Lead screw mechanism, dc motor, driver circuit board to drive induction loads such as
motor driver circuit, roller brush, arduino, shoe. dc motors and stepper motors at different speeds and
also at the same speed [6].
I. INTRODUCTION Kumar Dewangan et al. explained about PWM
A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect based automatic closed loop speed control of dc
and comfort the human foot while doing various motor. In this study, the authors examined about
activities. Shoe is generally made from leather which controlling speed of the dc motor at varying load
requires extreme care and regular polishing to condition by means of PWM method, using Atmega-
maintain its shiny appearance. This requires a waxy 8L microcontroller as feedback system. It was
paste or cream known as the shoe polishing wax concluded that constant speed can be maintained at
which is first applied to the shoe evenly using a cloth varying load condition by PWM [7].
or a brush. Buffing is then carried out by vigorously From the literature, it is seen that fewer efforts
rubbing it in order to obtain a shiny surface. This have been made in developing a fuly automatic shoe
also extends the life of the shoe. The application of polisher. Generally the process of shoe polishing is
this wax is a manual and time consuming process. time consuming and involves human interaction.
This machine is intended to grip the shoe at the This project focuses on automation of the shoe
right place, apply a layer of polishing wax all around shining process which could be operated by any
the shoe and perform buffing action in order to person and does not involve any human involvement
obtain a shiny effect and to assure minimum damage in the process.
to the shoe.
Gouda et al. designed a shoe sole cleaning and II. DESIGN & FABRICATION
shoe polishing machine. In this study authors Fig. 1 shows the design of an automatic shoe
explained about shoe sole cleaning and polishing polisher. The design has been made using Solid
machine which uses gear train mechanism [1]. Works software. It has a wooden base which
Liu et al. did research on control system for supports the whole structure of the setup. The shoe
ceramic polishing machine. In this study, authors can be mounted on the carriage which is fixed firmly
explained about automated ceramic polishing to a gripper. The gripper helps to position the shoe at
machine with gantry type structure instead of pre- the right place. The wooden base cut to the required
existing cantilever structure [2]. dimensions and the aluminium frame is mounted on
Gohil and Patel designed a lead screw mechanism the base. The carriage is mounted on the aluminium
for vertical door wrapping. In this study, authors frame via guide rails. The lead-screw is coupled to
explained mainly about designing an automated the carriage by the nut assembly and it is supported
machine which works on lead screw mechanism for by roller bearings at its extreme ends. Arm is
wrapping of door [3]. fabricated by cold forging and welding. All
Abdullahi Badamasi analyzed the working mounting brackets are made from aluminium
principle of arduino. In this study, the author channels and are clamped to the arm. The roller
mentioned about the softwares being used as C and brush is fabricated on a PVC base, attaching the
C++ for programming of arduino and an easy bristles by an adhesive. The wax dispenser is made
interface with the board is possible by means of the on a PVC base, layered with sponge. All motors are
USB slot provided [4]. coupled to respective components by means of

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National Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering Science (NCAMES-2016)

metallic sleeves fabricated by turning and drilling. A. Carriage Speed Calculation

Electronic circuit assembly separately assembled is The total time required for the entire cycle is
connected to respective components. The entire predominantly dependant on the speed with which
system is automated by use of a programmable the carriage is driven form end to end. Thus the time
Arduino Microcontroller. The completed working required for the carriage movement is calculated as
model of an automatic shoe polisher is shown in fig. follows:
2.
Total travel distance of the carriage possible =
400mm
(Since: Total length of guide way – length of
carriage = 780-380 = 400mm)
Lead screw used = M12x1.5 i.e. Pitch of the
screw = 1.5mm
Advance of the carriage/revolution of the lead
screw = 1.5mm
No. of revolutions required for a travel of
400mm =266.66mm ≈267mm
The speed of the motor driving the lead screw
being 150rpm,
Fig.1 Design an automatic shoe polisher using Solid Time required for the carriage to travel a
Works distance of 400mm is = 267150 = 1.78min =
106.8sec
Therefore speed of carriage = 224.71mm/min

B. Spring Calculation for the Helical Tension

Spring Used in the Arm Assembly:
The arm assembly of the polisher is driven away
from its mean position by the shoe during the
process of polishing. The tension spring serves as
the retraction mechanism. The specifications of the
spring required are calculated as follows:

Mean diameter of the spring D = 3mm

Fig.2 Working model of an Automatic Shoe Polisher
Assume spring index C= =6 (1)
III. WORKING Diameter of the wire d = 0.5mm
The shoe is placed on the carriage using a Therefore Stress concentration factor,
gripper that facilitates shoes of different sizes to be K=4 −14 −4−0.615 = 1.2525 (2)
placed firmly. Pressing the start button on the Possible extension of the spring y = 20mm
console will provide input to the microcontroller Assuming Cr-Va Steel Material for the spring:
which actuates the lead screw. Thus the carriage Modulus of rigidity G = 80GPa and Max shear
starts moving in the forward direction. stress max = 690MPa
Simultaneously the wax roll comes in contact with (For y = 690MPa and FOS = 1)
the roller brush and hence a layer of polish is applied No of active coils require i = 2=
to the shoe. When the carriage moves to the extreme 51.36 ≈ 52 (3)
end in the forward direction and actuates a push Load on spring F = 48 3 = 8.9031N (4)
button switch, the direction of lead screw will be Solid length of the spring (Plain and ground
reversed thus moving the carriage in opposite ends) ls= (i+1)d = 6mm
direction. Simultaneously wax roll gets detached and Free length of the spring(Ends are bent before
the roller brush rotates at a higher rate in the grinding) lo = (i+2)d+y+a = 16.638mm
opposite direction performing buffing action in order (Assuming a = 0.25y)
to provide the necessary shiny effect. The push
button switch is once again actuated when the
carriage moves to the extreme end which stops the C. Spring Calculation for the Helical
operation. The complete automation has been Compression Spring Used in the Shoe
controlled by Arduino UNO ATMEGA-328 Gripper and Switch Actuator
microcontroller and L298 motor driver circuit. The shoe to be polished has to be effectively
gripped during the process. The polisher uses a
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS gripping mechanism to achieve it. This mechanism

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National Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering Science (NCAMES-2016)

uses compression springs whose specifications are

calculated as follows:

Mean diameter of the wire D = 4mm

Assume spring index C = 8 => Diameter of the
wire = 0.5mm
Therefore Stress concentration factor K = 1.184
Assuming max deflection possible y = 10mm
Assuming Cr-Va Steel Material for the spring:
Modulus of rigidity G = 80GPa and Max shear
stress max = 690MPa
(For y = 690MPa and FOS =1)
Load on spring F = 7.15N
Fig.5 Static strain analysis on arm
No of active coils i = 10.92 ≈ 11

The equations mentioned in this paper have

been taken from the Design Data Handbook [8].

D. Analysis

Fig.6 Static nodal stress analysis on arm

Fig. 3 to fig. 6 shows the various types of

analysis done on arm assembly namely static
Fig.3 Static displacement analysis on arm displacement, factor of safety, static strain and static
nodal stress to know the weight carrying capacity of
arm. The analysis is carried out on the arm as it
supports most of the heavier components and is
susceptible to failure due to the weight of the
components mounted on it. The analysis is carried
on Solid Works platform. The arm is fabricated out
of 1020 Steel rod of 3mm thickness. 4 major loads
acting on the arm are considered for analysis viz.,
the weight of the 10rpm motor, the weight of the
high speed motor, the weight of the mounting plate,
the weight of the sleeve and the weight of the roller
brush. The component is analyzed for the static
condition. The maximum Von Mises stress which
the arm can bear is 1.575e+007 N/m², maximum
static displacement in the arm is 1.387mm, Factor of
Fig.4 Factor of safety analysis on arm Safety of the arm is 22 and maximum strain
subjected in the arm is 4.590e-0005. From the results
of the analysis it can be observed that the stresses in
the component are within the yield limit, ideal case
displacement is negligible and FOS is extremely
high. This concludes that the design is safe. By
using this machine, a shoe can be polished in 107
seconds and the process can be made faster with the
fine tuning.

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 National Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering Science (NCAMES-2016)

V. CONCLUSIONS
This study focuses on the design and fabrication
of a fully automatic shoe polishing machine. The
following conclusions can be drawn from the study.
This machine is able to grip the shoe perfectly
and apply a layer of polish.
It performs buffing action to give the shoe a
shiny appearance.
The machine assures minimal damage to the
shoe being polished.
It reduces the time required to perform the task
significantly when compared to manual process.
It reduces human involvement to a
considerable level.
This machine is economical when compared to
the available semi-automatic machines.

REFERENCES
[1] H.T., S., Gouda, S., ―Design of Shoe Sole Cleaning with
Polishing Machine‖, International Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2(9), pp.
5022-5029, 2013.
[2] Liu, Wei, Chi Y., Li M., Tong H., ―Research on control
system of new type ceramic polishing machine‖, In
Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE),
2011 Second International Conference , IEEE, Hohhot, pp.
1529-1532, 2011.
[3] V.M.Gohil, Patel, J., ―Design of Lead Screw Mechanism
For Vertical Door Wrapping Machine‖, International
Journal for Scientific Research & Development 2(4), pp.
185-188, 2014.
[4] Abdullahi Badamasi, Y., ―The working principle of an
Arduino‖, Electronics, Computer and Computation
(ICECCO), 2014 11th International Conference, IEEE,
Abuja, pp. 1-4, 2014.
[5] Hari Sudhan, R., Kumar M.G., Prakash, A.U., Devi, S.,
Sathiya, P., ―Arduino Atmega-328 Microcontroller‖,
International Journal Of Innovative Research In Electrical,
Electronics, Instrumentation And Control Engineering 3(4),
pp. 27-29, 2015.
[6] Ranjani, R.P., Sumitha, S.J., ―Controlling the Speed of a
DC Motor Using LabVIEW‖, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering 4(12), pp. 9463-9469, 2015.
[7] Dewangan Kumar, Atul, N., S.S. Chakraborty., V. Yadu,
―PWM Based Automatic Closed Loop Speed Control of
DC Motor‖, International Journal of Engineering Trends
and Technology 3(2), pp. 110-112, 2012.
[8] K. Mahadevan, K. Balaveera Reddy, ―Design Data Hand
Book‖,2015.

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