Name: Pallavi Verma

Reg. No.: 19BEC0555

Date- 24 August’20

Experiment-04
Title: Clamper Circuit

Objective:
[To understand the wave shifting abilities of diode and to observe the response of clamper circuit. ]

For the circuits in Fig.1 to 6, each utilizing a 1N4002/1N4007 diode (or diodes), which has a voltage drop of
approximately 0.7 V. Use the transient analysis. Sketch the output vs input for the input shown. Label the most
positive and most negative output levels. Interpret the results obtained.

Software Used:

Orcad PSPICE. SPICE is an acronym for a Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis. It was
developed in the Electronics Research Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. SPICE is a computer
aided simulation program that simulates electric circuits. This program is capable of simulating analog and
digital circuits, nonlinear circuits, and transmission lines .

COMPONENTS REQUIRED (in PSPICE Simulation Software):

Theory:

A clamper is a network constructed of a diode, a resistor and a capacitor that shifts a waveform to a different
dc level without changing the appearance of the applied signal. Additional shifts can also be obtained by
introducing a dc supply to the basic structure. The chosen resistor and capacitor of the network must be
chosen such that the time constant determined by τ = RC is sufficiently large to ensure that the voltage across
the capacitor does not discharge significantly during the interval the diode is non-conducting. Clamping
networks have a capacitor connected directly from the input to output with a resistive element in parallel with
the output signal. The diode is also in parallel with the output signal but may or may not have a series dc supply
as an added element.

Circuit Diagrams with Results:

Simple Clamper circuit:-

1 .0 0 0 n V 3 2 1 .2 e -1 8 V
V V
470uF V

0 AV 1 8 8 .3 5 e -2 4 A 2 1 .4 2 e -2 1 A
V O F F = 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D 1 R 1
VAM PL = 10V
FR EQ = 1k D 1N 4002 15k

V
0V

Negative clamper with zero diode bias and C=1uF

Negative clamper with zero diode bias and C=0.1uF

1 .0 0 0 n V -2 .0 8 4 e -2 4 V
V
10uF V
V
D 1N 4002
D 1

2 4 .0 1 e -2 1 A
0 AV 1
V O F F = 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 6 .7 2 f V R 1
VAM PL = 10V
FR EQ = 1k 15k
V2 1 3 8 .9 e -3 0 A

0A1V dc

V
0V
V

P o s it ive c la m p e r w it h p o s it ive b ia s
C 1

1 .0 0 0 n V -2 1 3 .8 u V
V
10uF V
D 1N 4002
V
1 4 .2 5 n A
D 1

0 VA 1
V O F F = 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1 .0 0 0 V R 1
VA M PL = 10V V2
F R EQ = 1k 15k
1 4 .2 5 n A
1Vdc

1 4 .2 5 n A

V
0V
V
0
 N e g a t ive c la m p e r w it h n e g a t ive b ia s
C 1

1 .0 0 0 n V -5 9 2 .8 m V
V
10uF V
3 9 .5 2 u A V
D 1N 4002
D 1

0 VA 1
V O F F = 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1 .0 0 0 V R 1
VAM PL = 10V
F R EQ = 1k 15k
3 9 .5 2 u A V2 3 9 .5 2 u A

1Vdc

V
0V
V
0
 N e g a t ive c la m p e r w it h p o s it ive b ia s
C 1

1 .0 0 0 n V 2 1 3 .8 u V
V 10uF V
V
D 1N 4002
D 1

1 4 .2 5 n A
0 AV 1 1 4 .2 5 n A
V O F F = 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 .0 0 0 V R 1
VAM PL = 10V
F R EQ = 1k V2 15k

1Vdc

1 4 .2 5 n A

V
0V
V
0
Observation:

Positive clamper with positive bias

If positive biasing is applied to the clamper then it is said to be a positive clamper with positive
bias. The positive clamper with positive bias is made up of an AC voltage source, capacitor,
diode, resistor, and dc battery.

During positive half cycle:

During the positive half cycle, the battery voltage forward biases the diode when the input
supply voltage is less than the battery voltage. This current or voltage will flows to the capacitor
and charges it.When the input supply voltage becomes greater than the battery voltage then
the diode stops allowing electric current through it because the diode becomes reverse biased.

During negative half cycle:

During the negative half cycle, the diode is forward biased by both input supply voltage and
battery voltage. So the diode allows electric current. This current will flows to the capacitor and
charges it.

Positive clamper with negative bias

During negative half cycle:

During the negative half cycle, the battery voltage reverse biases the diode when the input
supply voltage is less than the battery voltage. As a result, the signal appears at the output.
When the input supply voltage becomes greater than the battery voltage, the diode is forward
biased by the input supply voltage and hence allows electric current through it. This current will
flows to the capacitor and charges it.

During positive half cycle:

During the positive half cycle, the diode is reverse biased by both input supply voltage and the
battery voltage. As a result, the signal appears at the output. The signal appeared at the output
is equal to the sum of the input voltage and capacitor voltage.

Negative clamper with positive bias

During positive half cycle:

During the positive half cycle, the battery voltage reverse biases the diode when the input
supply voltage is less than the battery voltage. When the input supply voltage becomes greater
than the battery voltage, the diode is forward biased by the input supply voltage and hence
allows electric current through it. This current will flows to the capacitor and charges it.

During negative half cycle:

During the negative half cycle, the diode is reverse biased by both input supply voltage and
battery voltage. As a result, the signal appears at the output.

Negative clamper with negative bias

During positive half cycle:

During the positive half cycle, the diode is forward biased by both input supply voltage and
battery voltage. As a result, current flows through the capacitor and charges it.

During negative half cycle:

During the negative half cycle, the battery voltage forward biases the diode when the input
supply voltage is less than the battery voltage. When the input supply voltage becomes greater
than the battery voltage, the diode is reverse biased by the input supply voltage and hence
signal appears at the output.