BICOL UNIVERSITY

Graduate School
Legazpi, Albay

LESSON PLAN
Prepared by: Christine A. Tanierla
MaMathEd

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to:
 Illustrate permutation of objects;
 Derive the formula for finding the number of permutations of n objects taken r at
a time, n ≥ r ; and
 Solve problems involving permutations.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Permutations
References: Mathematics – Grade 10, Learner’s Module
Material: Power point presentation, diagram, and pictures

III. Procedure
a. Motivation
“Word Rebus”
Direction: Using the illustration below, guess what word or phrases is illustrated.

1. 3.
ABCDEFGHIJK L
LMNOPQRSTV O
WXYZ V
E

2.

b. Lesson Proper
Activity 1: Can you show me the way?
A. A close friend invited Anna to her birthday party. Anna has 4 new blouses
(stripes, with ruffles, long-sleeved and sleeveless) and 3 skirts (red, pink
and black) in her closet reserved for such occasions.
1. Assuming that any skirt can be paired with any blouse, in how many
ways can Anna select her outfit? List the possibilities.
2. How many blouse-and-skirt pairs are possible?
3. Show another way of finding the answer in item 1.

B. Suppose you secured your bike using a combination lock. Later, you
realized that you forgot the 4-digit code. You only remembered that
thecode contains the digits 1, 3, 4, and 7.
1. List all the possible codes out of the given digits.
2. How many possible codes are there?
3. What can you say about the list you made?

Questions:
a. How did you determine the different possibilities asked for the two
situations? What methods did you use?
b. What did you feel when you were listing the answers?
 For every event that occurs there are always outcomes and these can be
counted in a variety of ways. In order not to miss a single outcome a certain
system has to be followed; one way to do it is through organized listing, tables or
grids could also be used. Another systematic way of counting is to come up with
a tree diagram especially for cases where there is a sequence of events.

1. LISTING
A die has a 6 faces, so if it is thrown it will reveal either 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Therefore, there are 6 possible outcomes.

2. USE OF GRID OR TABLE

The die has 6 faces and a coin has 2 sides.
Die 1 2 3 4 5 6
Coin
Head H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
Tail T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6

When throwing a die and coin simultaneously, there are 12 possible

outcomes.

3. TREE DIAGRAM
1
2
H 3 there are 12 possible
4 outcomes when throwing
5 a die and a coin.
6

START
1
2
T 3
4
5
6

Activity 2: Find the number of possible outcomes for each given situation using the
specified method.

1. LISTING: The genders of 3 kids (use B for boy and G for girl)
2. TREE DIAGRAM: choosing a cell phone plan whether prepaid, postpaid, 3G
or 4G phone that comes in black, white or gold.
3. TABULAR: PE shirts in white, green, yellow, blue and red that comes in
small, medium or large.

Process Questions:
1. Using the specified methods, how many possible outcomes are there in #1?
In #2? In #3?
2. Based on the answers obtained, is there a common solution of how they are
derived?
3. What is the process of obtaining the answer?
4. Does the process work in all situations? Justify your answer by showing the
solutions.

Activity 3: Investigate!
You have done a lot of counting using different methods, now verify if such
method will work out well with these situations.
 1. If you throw 2 dice, how many outcomes are there?
2. How many choices of snacks are there if you get to pick a sandwich from 5
varieties (chicken, ham, egg, tuna, bacon) and 1 drink from 8 flavors of juices
(orange, lemon, mango, apple, pineapple, strawberry, dalandan, melon).

Process Questions:
1. How was the counting done?
2. Do the methods of counting used work out well?
3. Is there another way to arrive at the same answer without going through a
very tedious way of counting?
4. What is it?
5. How is this done? Illustrate the solutions.
6. What are these numbers being multiplied represent?

This process where the number of choices/outcomes for every action is

multiplied is referred to as the fundamental counting principle.

Solutions:
1. Since a die has 6 faces and there are 2 dice, then there are 6x6=36
outcomes.
2. There are five sandwiches to choose from and 8 flavors of juices, so there
are 5x8=40 choices of snacks.

As you have experienced, there are so many ways to count and you can even
count without counting but you need to do multiplication. At times, when determining
the number of outcomes, it will involve certain arrangement of objects or events
which follow a definite order. This arrangement is called Permutation.

Suppose we have potted plants and we wish to arrange 4 of them in a row. In how
many ways can this be done?

The permutation of 6 potted plants taken 4 at a time is denoted by P(6, 4), 6P4,
P6 , 4 or P6

Similarly, if there are n objects taken r at a time is denoted by P(n, r), nPr, Pn, r , or
Pn . In this lesson, we will use the first notation.

Example:
1. Given the 4-letter word READ. In how many ways can we arrange its letters, 3 at
a time?

Solution: We can apply the Fundamental Counting Principle.

4 x 3 x 2 = 24
Thus, there are 24 possible ways of arranging the 4 letters of READ
taking 3 of them at a time. We also say the 4 letters READ, taken 3 at a time,
have 224 permutations. One of them is R-E-D.

2. In how many ways can 5 people arrange themselves in a row for picture taking?

Solutions: n = 5, r = 5
P(5, 5) = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 (5 factors)
= 120 possible pictures

In this example, we used all the numbers from n = 5 down to 1. Another

way of writing 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 is 5! (read as 5 factorial)
Similar to 3! = 3 x 2 x 1
4! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
 8! = 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
10! = 10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1
0! = 1
Thus, in example 2, P(5, 5) = 5! = 120

In addition, since P ( n , r )=n ( n−1 )( n−2 )…( n−r +1 )

n ( n−1 ) ( n−2 ) … ( n−r +1 ) ( n−r ) !
¿
( n−r ) !
n!
Then, P ( n , r )=
( n−r ) !

IV. Generalization
Read all the statements in the table and put √ if you agree and X mark if you
disagree with the statement in the second column.
Statements
1. Fundamental counting principle is used in finding the number of
possible outcomes.
2. Listing, the use of tables and tree diagram are methods of
counting.
3. Permutation is used to determine the number of committees of 4
members that can be formed out of 10 members.
4. The notation 6! Means 6 x 1
5. P(10, 4) = 10 x 9 x 8 x 7

V. Application
1. In a certain general assembly, three major prizes are at stake. In how many ways
can the first, second, and third prizes be drawn from a box containing 120 members?

2. In how many different ways can 5 bicycles be parked if there are 7 available parking
spaces?

3. There are 8 basketball teams competing for the top 4 standing order to move up to
the semi-finals. Find the number of possible rankings of the four top teams.

VI. Evaluation
A. Evaluate the following:
1. P(13, 6)
2. P(8, 8)
3. P(15, 13)
B. Find the permutation of the letters of the following.
1. ROSE
2. SMILE
3. MATH
4. BAG
5. HEART

VII. Assignment
Study the task or activities below, and then answer the questions that follow.

1. Choosing 5 questions to answer out of 10 questions in a test.

2. Opening a combination lock.
3. Winning in a contest.
4. Selecting 7 people to form a Student Affairs Committee.
5. Assigning seats to guests at dinner.

Questions:
a. In which tasks/activities above is order or arrangement important? Give an
example to illustrate each answer.
b. In which tasks/activities is order not important? Give an example to illustrate
each answer.