4

UNIT

Women in charge

Unit aims
ºº Read and interpret an online news article and a statistical map.
ºº Recognize and use adjectives and nouns to describe feelings.
ºº Recognize and use the passive voice.
ºº Listen to a speech.
ºº Participate in a debate.
ºº Write a formal email.

A .
ir al s S .
ate er
m i s h
l e b l
m p Pu Natalicia Tracy (middle), Executive

sa illan
Director of Brazilian Immigrant Center

c m
Ma
©

Starting out
1 How would you define a successful woman?
2 Are there any jobs that women shouldn’t do?
If so, which ones and why? Gloria Steinem, journalist, editor and
political activist. Co-founder of New York
Magazine and Ms. Magazine

M18-406-SB.indb 41 12/4/18 15:19

 Reading

Pre-reading
1 Look briefly at the extract below and check (✓) the sentence that is true about it.

a It’s from an online news article. b It’s from a printed newspaper. 

http://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2014/01/07/brazilian-immigrant-crusader-wins-award

Brazilian Immigrant
Wins Social Justice Award
Sacha Pfeiffer January 7, 2014

Natalicia Tracy’s day job is at the Brazilian Immigrant I didn’t speak any English. I had an eighth-grade education. I
Center in Allston. She’s its executive director, and she and her was in a new country [...].
staff help newcomers to this country with all the struggles I felt very angry at times because that’s not what they had
that come with being an immigrant, especially in terms of
A .
promised me; they had promised me the opportunity to go
workplace rights.
But these days she has a new title: social justice crusader. She .
to school, learn about a new culture and basically be part of

ir al s S
their family. But I found myself in a situation where I felt
very trapped [so] I started to teach myself English with a little
received that honor from the Petra Foundation, which got its
start in Boston and recognizes people whose life mission is to
ate er
dictionary that I brought from home and the radio clock they
build a more fair and just society. And that certainly describes
m i h
had given to me. I was supposed to be up by 6 am every day,
s
the mission of 42-year-old Natalicia Tracy.
l e b l
but it played music, so I listened to music and tried to learn

Interview Excerpts
m p Pu the words. Then I started looking at the newspapers that
they left at the house. That’s basically how I learned enough

sathe house
A few months into the job the family felt that
i l
l my
n
How Tracy’s nanny job began to go awry, and what she did about it:
a
was
English to get out there and say, “I want to learn more and
this is not okay to be in this situation.”

andm
too small so they put me in a [...] porch. That became The types of complaints lodged with the Brazilian Immigrant Center,
bedroom. I put cardboard on the concrete floor c had a futon and Tracy’s mission there:
on the floor and a space heater. That’s what a my room was.
M for everything The most common one is wage theft. They worked, they
I was shocked by that. [...] I was responsible didn’t get paid. And then when you talk to them it’s not
and I was working seven nights © a week. Some nights, on the that they just didn’t get paid, but they were working,
weekend, I would be babysitting until 2 am because they overtime, they were forced to work without a break, if they
wanted to go out with their friends. [...]. I was being paid got hurt, they still had to finish the day of work. Those are
$25 a week for working 90 hours a week [...]. I was alone. the common issues that are brought to us every day [...].

PFEIFFER, Sacha. Brazilian Immigrant Wins Social Justice Award.

Available at: <http://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2014/01/07/brazilian-immigrant-crusader-wins-award>.

Looking at the Text While reading

The text above is an 2 Read the news article briefly. Then read the sentences below and check (✓)
online news article. the one that explains why Natalicia Tracy won an award.
Online articles usually
have links to other a She works for the Petra Foundation, a human rights organization.
articles or websites,
b She supports Brazilian immigrants who move to the United States.
which offer the
possibility of a non-
linear and fragmented
reading experience.

42

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 UNIT 4

3 Now read the news article more carefully. Then answer the questions below.

a What does Natalicia do at the Brazilian Immigrant Center?

b What were Natalicia’s expectations when she went to the United States?

c How did she learn enough English to leave the family she worked for?

4 Look at the map and its legend. Then read the statements a–b and check (✓)
the title which would be more appropriate for the map.
2017 – Labor force participation rate, female (% of
female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) Reading Tip
Reading maps
To read statistical
maps, first we must pay

A .
attention to the title to

ir al s S . get familiarized with the

issue it deals with. Then,

a te er it is essential to read its

6 – 42.3

m i s h legend and make sure to

42.3 – 50.4
50.4 – 55.1
l e b l compare the colors you
55.1 – 61.5
61.5 – 86
m p Pu see on the map with the
ones in the color scale.
sa illan
THE World Bank – International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database.
Available at: <http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&series=SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS&country=#adv

c m ancedDownloadOptions>.

a W
around the world M a
 here women work and don’t: A map of female labor force participation

b
©
Where women work and don’t: Domestic work around the world

5 Analyze the map. Then decide if the sentences below are T (true) or F (false).

a A larger share of women in Uruguay participate in the labor

force than in Argentina.

b The percentage of women in the labor force in the United States

and in Russia is the same.

c On average, less than 25% of women in Europe participate

in the labor force.

d The percentages vary a lot in Africa.

Post-reading
6 Discuss with your teacher and classmates: Why do the percentages of women
who work outside home vary so much around the world?

43

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 Vocabulary

Adjectives and nouns to describe feelings 3 Look at the extract from page 42. Underline
the adjectives and classify them as positive or
1 Based on the information in the news article on negative.
page 42, complete the sentence below using one
“I felt very angry at times because that’s not what
of the adjectives from the box.
they had promised me; they had promised me the
happy   important   unhappy opportunity to go to school [...]. But I found myself in
satisfied   wonderful a situation where I felt very trapped [...].”

Natalicia felt about how

she was treated in the house where she worked in the
4 Read the quote below and complete the sentences.
United States.
“A woman with a voice is by definition a strong
2 Look at the emoticons and decide if they are woman. But the search to find that voice can be
PT (positive), NG (negative) or NT (neutral). remarkably difficult”. – Melinda Gates

A .
a The adjective for the noun “strength” is

i al S . .
t r adjective
b e The r sfor the noun “difficulty” is
a sh e .
happy sad
e m i
lyou agree with the quote in Activity 4? Discuss
l b
p Puwith a classmate.
Do 5

m
sa illan Match the adjectives with their corresponding nouns.
6

c m
excited calm
Ma tired
a angry
b calm
generosity
sadness
© c disappointed anger
d embarrassed disappointment
e excited embarrassment
great annoyed surprised f generous intelligence
g happy surprise
h intelligent calmness
i sad excitement
j surprised tiredness
disappointed sick angry
k tired happiness

Language Corner
Several adjectives finish in -ed, usually deriving from
a verb (e. g., trapped, excited, tired, embarrassed,
embarrassed scared annoyed, surprised, etc.).

44

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 UNIT 4

Grammar

Passive voice Understanding Language

1 Read the extract from a newspaper article below. 1 Look at the sentences analyzed
in Activity 2 again and read the
www.huffingtonpost.com/faisal...
statements below. Then underline
the option that best completes the
sentences about the passive voice.
What Is “Entrepreneurship” in the a We usually use the passive voice when
21st Century?
we want to emphasize the action
The French word entrepreneur first appeared instead of the agent / the agent
in the French dictionary in 1723 to describe instead of the action.
a person who organizes and operates a b The passive voice is formed by a form
of be + infinitive / a form of be + past
business by taking a financial risk. Since then
participle.
the word entrepreneur – and the world – has c The sentences in Activity 2 are in the
completely changed. Today, entrepreneurship
A .
present simple / past simple.
is celebrated like never before and it is defined
i al S .
in so many ways – social entrepreneurship,
t e r rs 2 Read the sentence below. From the

intra-entrepreneurship, knowledge a h e words in bold, indicate who is the

e m lis receiver of the action and who is the

entrepreneurship, micro-entrepreneurship –
p l u b agent of the action.

you name it. [...]

a m nP Domestic work, both live-in and live-
out, is performed largely by immigrant
s illa
HUFFINGTON POST. Available at: <www.huffingtonpost.com/faisal-hoque/
women and women of color.

c m
what-is-entrepreneurship_b_3304100.html>.
Receiver:

2 Read the underlined parts in the

a in
Mextract Agent:
© and answer
Activity 1. Then read the statements
T (true) or F (false).
3 Complete the statement below. Read
a “Entrepreneurship is celebrated like the sentence above again, if necessary.
never before” means the same as In the passive voice, the agent is very
”People celebrate entrepreneurship often not mentioned. When it is mentioned,
like never before.”
it is introduced with the preposition
b In the sentence “It is defined in so .
many ways,” we know exactly who
defines entrepreneurship like that. Check Grammar Reference, page 120
c In both sentences from the extract,
the actions are more important than 3 Go back to the news article on page 42, find three
the people who did them.
sentences in the passive voice and write them in
d A form of be is used in both sentences. the lines below.

e A form of be is followed by a verb

in the present simple.

45

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 4 Look at the sentences you wrote in Activity 3. d
Analyze the verb tenses they are in and choose Title: Defending Our Lives
the correct option. Director: Margaret Lazarus, Renner Wunderlich
Country: USA, 1993 
The sentences are about
Plot: This documentary
the present. (award) a prize in 1993. It is about women who
the past. (incarcerate).

the future.

6 Order the words to write questions in the passive

5 Read the movie story lines below and complete the
sentence. Then, in each story line, use the verbs in voice about the movies in Activity 5.
parentheses in the passive voice to complete them. a movie / produced / Provoked / the / was / where / ?

The movies are all related to .

a
Title: Provoked: A True Story b by / directed / The Color Purple / who / was / ?
Director: Jag Mundhra
Country: India, 2007
A .
Plot: i a l S .
Provoked (base) on the
t r rs / The Promise / when / ?
c e was / launched
true story of Kiranjit Ahluwalia, a Punjabi
a h e
woman. She
e m lis
(sentence) to life imprisonment but the trial l u b
(consider) unfair and p
(cancel). a
m n P d a / when / awarded / Defending Our Lives / prize /
s illa was / ?

b c m
Ma
Title: The Color Purple
Director: Steven Spielberg
Country: USA, 1985 © 7
Read the story lines in Activity 5 again and answer
Plot: This film follows the life of Celie, a young black girl the questions in Activity 6.
growing up in the early 1900s. We follow Celie’s
a
hard life for 30 years, beginning when she is just
14. The movie is based on the book of the same
title by the Afro-American writer Alice Walker and b
(nominate) for ten
Oscars.
c
c
Title: The Promise
Director: Bethany Rooney
d
Country: USA, 1999
Plot: This movie is based on a true story. Lisa
(encourage) by her sister 8 How do movies help raise awareness of social
to leave her violent husband. problems? Share your opinions with your teacher
and classmates.

46

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 UNIT 4

Listening

A speech

1 This is the motto for a

To RECOGNIZE that non-consensual sex is sexual
campaign called “It’s on us.” assault.
Read the statements below To IDENTIFY situations in which sexual assault may
and check (✓) the ones that occur.

are true according to the To INTERVENE in situations where consent has not
or cannot be given.
information on the page.
To CREATE an environment in which sexual assault
is unacceptable and survivors are supported.

IT’S ON US.
The main objective of the campaign “It’s on us” is Available at: <http://itsonus.org/#landing>.

a to combat, prevent and protect the victims of child abuse.

b to denounce, combat and protect the victims of sexual violence.

A .
2 Now listen to former US President Obama’s speech about the campaign
i al S .
6
“It’s on us” at the Grammy Awards ceremony in 2015. Checke(✓)
t r the rs
correct alternative to complete each statement. a h e
e m lis
a Obama’s speech is about making changes for the
violence against p l b
better by ending
u
women and girls. a m oldnpeople.P
s lla
b According to Obama, at the moment of hisi speech, one in five women
c m
a
has been arrested in the United
M
States.

has been a victim of rape or attempted rape.

©
c And more than one in four women have experienced some form of
prejudice. domestic violence.

d Obama says sexual and domestic violence

has to stop. is not his problem.

6 3 Listen to Obama’s speech again and choose the statement that best
represents it.

a  ll of us can help create a culture where violence isn’t tolerated

A
and victims are supported.
b  ll of us can survive domestic violence. We just need to look for
A
help when we suffer an act of violence.

4 In your opinion, how can artists help stop domestic violence? Discuss your
ideas with your teacher and classmates.

47

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 Speaking
A debate

1 You are going to take part in a debate about women’s rights. First analyze
the statements below and check (✓) the ones you agree with.

a Women should be paid higher salaries than men for similar functions.

b Women should work fewer hours than men.

c Maternity leave should last one year.

d Women should always denounce violence against themselves.

e Women have the same rights as men.

f Men and women are equally responsible for their children.

2 Read the statements again. Then write in your notebook an argument in favor
and an argument against each statement.
A .
i al S .
3 Read the phrases and place them
t e r in therappropriate
s column in
the chart below.
a h e
I disagree.
e m lis Excuse me, but …
ºº

I’m sorry,p
l u b ºº

ºº
m but …
P What do you think?
ºº

sInamy opinion
ºº
i l l a n
... I don’t think so.
ºº

ºº
c m
That’s so true. Exactly.
ºº

The World of English MaNot necessarily.

ºº I think ...
ºº

Here are some of the

© ºº I agree. ºº Sorry to interrupt, but ...

expressions more
commonly used with Giving/Asking
Agreeing Disagreeing Interrupting
the noun women: for opinion
positive: women
entrepreneurs, women’s
empowerment,
women activists,
women’s movement,
women’s participation,
4 Now using the arguments you wrote in Activity 2 and the useful phrases in
empowerment of
Activity 3, debate the statements in Activity 1 with your classmates. Follow
women, participation
the steps below.
of women, advancement
of women. Step 1:  Review the arguments you wrote in Activity 2.
negative: oppression
Step 2:  Debate as many of the topics in Activity 1 as you can.
of women, exploitation
of women. Step 3: Use the expressions in Activity 3 to introduce your ideas and the
expressions in the box The World of English.

48

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 UNIT 4

Writing

What: an email.
Goal: to support the right of girls to study.
Audience: classmates and international organizations.
Where: notebook and websites of international organizations.

1 Look at the extract below and check (✓) the genre it illustrates.

a an informal email b a formal email

From: Amy Peticov

Sent: Monday, February 15th, 2017 09:11
To: [email protected]
Topic: Supporting the right to go to school

A .
Dear Sir/Madam,
ir al s S .
te er
My name is Amy Peticov. I am from Kiev, the capital city of Ukraine. I am a social activist dedicated to helping
organizations in the use of technologies that cultivate and involve communities.

m a s h
I am writing because I would like to help your organization be better known and recognized around the world.

e l i
I have a lot of experience in supporting many local, national and international organizations.
l b
I look forward to hearing from you.

m p Pu
sa illan
Yours faithfully,
Amy Peticov

2
c mexpressions that are generally
Read the email carefully and underline the
used in a formal email.
Ma
3 Now you are going to write©an email to an international organization to
support the right of girls to study. Follow the guidelines below.

Writing Guidelines
1 With your classmates, discuss and write down three arguments to
support this cause.
2 Choose the international organization you are going to send your email to.
3 Plan your email and decide which supporting arguments you are going
to use.
4 Prepare a draft in your notebook. Remember to use formal language.
5 Ask one or more classmates to read and discuss your draft with you.
6 Revise your draft based on this discussion. Correct grammar and
spelling too.
7 Write the final version of your email and send it to the organization
you chose.

49

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 Self-assessment
Reflect on your learning in this unit. Check (✓) the emoticon that best represents your answer.

Read and interpret an online news article and a statistical map.

Recognize and use adjectives and nouns to describe feelings.

Recognize and use the passive voice.

Listen to a speech.

Participate in a debate.

Write a formal email.

A .
Having Fun! .
ir al s S

a te to formerthe mystery word.
Unscramble the words. Use the letters that appear in the circles
m i s h
l e b l
m p Pu
SAECRD sa illan
MEARSABREDS
c m
MLCA Ma
DOIDIASEPPNT
©
NAYOEND

NAYRG

DUPERISSR

The mystery word is F

50

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 UNIT
4
Women in charge

Grammar Reference
Passive voice
ºº We use the passive voice to emphasize the action instead of the person: who or what causes an action is unknown
or irrelevant.
Examples:
Active voice Passive voice
(People) bring these problems to us every day. These problems are brought to us every day.
(They) forced some people to work overnight. Some people were forced to work overnight.

ºº We use by if we want to say who performs or performed the action.

Examples:
Active voice Passive voice
Alice Walker wrote “The Color Purple”. The “Color Purple” was written by Alice Walker.

ºº We form the passive voice with a form of be + past participle.

A .
ir al s S .
Affirmative: The company is managed by a group of talented women.
Present simple Negative: Complaints are not (aren’t) sent to the Central Office.
te er
Interrogative: Is the company run by her?
a
Present m i h
Affirmative: The company is being managed by a group of talented women.
s
continuous
l b l
Negative: Complaints are not (aren’t) being sent to the Central Office.
e
m p Pu
Interrogative: Is the company being run by her?
Affirmative: The company was managed by a group of talented women.
Past simple
sa illan
Negative: Complaints were not (weren’t) sent to the Central Office.
Interrogative: Was the company run by her?

Future simple
c m
Affirmative: The company will be managed by a group of talented women.
Negative: Complaints will not (won’t) be sent to the Central Office.

Ma
with will Interrogative: Will the company be run by her?
Affirmative: The company has been managed by a group of talented women.
Present
perfect
©
Negative: Complaints have not (haven’t) been sent to the Central Office.
Interrogative: Has the company been run by her?

Word List
Look at the words on the list and complete them with the missing vowels.

ngry s d
ann y d s tisf ed
c lm sc r d
dis ppo nt d s ck
emb rr ssed s rpr sed
xc ted tir d
gr t nh ppy
h ppy w nd rful

120

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 WELCOME UNIT
Workbook

ACTIVITIES

1 Write the adjectives from the box in the most appropriate column of the chart.

angry  annoyed  calm  disappointed  embarrassed  excited
great  happy  sad  scared  sick  surprised  tired

Positive Negative Neutral / It depends

happy

A .
ir al s S .
2 Unscramble the words and write sentences.
a te er
m i s h
a today / extremely / calm / feel / I / .
l e b l
I feel extremely calm today.
m p Pu
b very / scared / dogs / of / is / Tom / .a
s illan
c her / disappointed / was / Tina / a
m
sonc/ with / .
M
©
d the / annoyed / noise / with / neighbors / students’ / the / were / .

e about / trip / we / next / are / our / excited / .

3 Circle the word that doesn’t belong in each group.

a generosity anger intelligence happiness

b annoyed tired disappointed excited
c sadness embarrassed scared excited
d excitement tiredness satisfied anger

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 UNIT

Workbook Welcome

4 Read the definitions and write the words in the crossword puzzle. Discover the mystery word and complete
the sentence.

1 S U R P R I S E D

2 E

3 E

4 I

5 G

6 W

7 D

8 C

9 S
A .
ir al s S .
1 astonished, amazed
a te6 splendid,
e rgreat
m s h by the failure of an expectation
7 isaddened
2 self-conscious or disconcerted
l e b l
3 emotionally enthusiastic p P u the state of being undisturbed, calm
8
4 ability to use knowledge a m n 9 the opposite of happiness
5 willingness to give
s illa

cm
I feelaquite with my progress in English.
M
5 ©
Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

participation  rights  entrepreneurs  movement  activists  empowerment

a The American Civil Rights movement started in the 1950s.

b Women started to fight for their in the 19th century.

c refers to increasing the spiritual, political, social or

economic strength of individuals and communities.

d Many people believe that the of women in politics and

government is essential to building democracy.

e Gloria Steinem is one of the most important female of all times.

f Female from around the world have always inspired women in undeveloped countries.

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 WELCOME UNIT
UNIT 4

6 Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences.

a The book was / were written by Isabel Allende.

b Our school are / is cleaned every day.
c My wallet was / were stolen.
d They were / was not invited to the party.
e Smoking is / are not allowed in the school.
f The new school building were / was built last year.

7 Match the active voice sentences in column A with the passive voice sentences in column B. Then complete them.

A B
a They forbid smoking on school premises. A lot of products in China.

b They produce a lot of products in China. a Smoking is forbidden on school premises.

c They teach us world history. We
A .
to play games in class.

d They didn’t invite Anna to the party.

ir al syouS
.
help?

e They didn’t allow us to play games in class.

a teWhen er the telephone ?

m i s h
f Did they offer you help?
e

l ubWe l
Anna to the party.

g When did they invent the telephone?

m p P world history.

sa illan
8 m
Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice.
c
a We export many goods to other acountries.
M
Many goods are exported©to other countries.
b They send us presents every year.

c They told us to be careful.

d They sold tickets last night.

e They made a lot of inventions in the 19th century.

f They grow coffee in Brazil.

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 UNIT

Workbook Welcome

9 Complete the dialog in the passive voice using the present simple form of the verbs in parentheses.

Kim: Thanks for looking after the kids today, Dad.

Grandpa: No problem. It’s a pleasure! What time are the children
ready to go to school?

Kim: They (a) usually

at eight o’clock. (dress)

Grandpa: OK. And what time do they come back from school?

Kim: They (b) at 2:00, so they

should be here at 2:30. (pick up)

Grandpa: All right.

Kim: At about six o’clock, our cat Max

(c) . (feed)

A .
Grandpa: Don’t worry. I’ll remember the cat.
i a l S .
Kim: Wonderful! There is lasagna in the fridge. You cane
t r it in thermicrowave.
heat s Dinner
(d) a (serve)sAnd
at seven o’clock.
e
h if you have any questions,
e m li
just call me.
p Pul b
Grandpa: OK. No problem. m
a lan
Kim: Many thanks, Dad!
s i l
c m
10
Ma using the prompts given.
Write questions in the passive voice

©
a When / America / discover?
When was America discovered?

b Where / the television / invent?

c When / your favorite book / write?

d When / personal computers / create?

e Where / the first cell phones / make?

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 WELCOME UNIT
UNIT4

11 Read the text. Then write T (true) or F (false).

Divergent
The movie Divergent was released in March 2014.
It is a thrilling story full of action, romance and
adventure. Many people think the book is much
better than the film, though.
Divergent is the story of a 16-year-old girl
called Beatrice who lives in a futuristic dystopian
Chicago in which society is divided into five
“factions”. The members of each faction believe
that the old world was destroyed due to different
human characteristics and now they are trying to live in a different way.
Beatrice grew up in Abnegation, the generous faction, but now that she is of age, she can move
to a new faction. But that means leaving her beloved family behind. After an aptitude test, it is
determined that she is not only generous, but also brave and knowledgeable. She is divergent.
But what does that mean, and which faction should she choose? Divergent relates to our world
A .
ir al s S
because it shows how people can split apart over differences of opinion. .
a te er
a The film Divergent is based on a book. m i s h
l e b l T
b It’s a story about the present. p u
P Abnegation.
a m nexcept
c All factions have the same human characteristics,
d Beatrice has good qualities.
s illa
c m from others.
a
e The film shows how a person can diverge
M
12 Match the words with their© definitions.
a thrilling well-informed

b faction adored

c beloved a exciting
d aptitude division

e knowledgeable skill

13 Complete the sentences with the words from Activity 12.

a I saw a thrilling movie with my friends yesterday.

b It is very difficult to leave someone behind.
c She has an for learning languages.
d Are there always different in large groups?
e I have always found Matt to be and helpful.

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M18-406-SB.indb 125 12/4/18 15:21