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    Germanica) - This Study Was Limited To Cockroach (Blattella Germanica) As The Insect To Be

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    Germanica) - This Study Was Limited To Cockroach (Blattella Germanica) As The Insect To Be

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    Anonymous eMOb79RNt5
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    Original Title

    COURSE OUTLINE

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    67 views8 pages

    Germanica) - This Study Was Limited To Cockroach (Blattella Germanica) As The Insect To Be

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous eMOb79RNt5

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    Thesis statement

    Scope and Limitations

    The general purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of Orange (Citrus reticulata) Peel
    extract and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaf extract as an insecticide against Cockroach (Blattella
    germanica). This study was limited to Cockroach (Blattella germanica) as the insect to be
    experimented on and did not cover other types of insects. This study also did not cover other benefits
    of orange peels and oregano leaves and only focuses on its property as an insecticide.

    Significance of the study

    The findings of this study helped in determining the effectivity of Orange (Citrus reticulata) Peel
    extract and Oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaf extract as an insecticide against Cockroach (Blattella
    germanica) which were significant as:

    It will help the home owners in finding an alternative way that can eradicate the population of
    the cockroaches without spending too much money

    It will help the food industries in deciding which type of insecticide to be used in exterminating
    pests as chemical insecticide are generally harmful and can contaminate the food which can lead to
    food poisoning

    It will also help future researchers to gain knowledge and find references to a research related to
    this study.

    Review of Related Literature

    Orange (Citrus reticulata)

    Adverse environmental effects and the need to maintain a sustainable environment have created
    the need for environmental-safe, degradable and target-specific insecticides (Ezeonu, 2013). Products
    that are made up of citrus extracts have proven to be poisonous to insects (“Termite Control Using
    Orange Oil”, 2018). As Ezeonu (2013) has stated, orange peel is nutritionally rich in protein and a large
    amount of lactate assimilating yeasts. The peel has also found effective as a repellent to mosquitos
    among the people living near rivers. Ezeonu (2013) also reported that several studies have demonstrated
    the potential of orange peel as a mosquito fumigant. These products have low toxicity to humans since
    they are derived from citrus.

    Many people consider orange oil and other citrus–based insecticides as alternatives (“Termite
    Control Using Orange Oil”, 2018). Orange oil is simply the extract from the orange peel. It is used to treat
    a variety of insects by destroying their cell membranes (Chell, 2017).

    Citrus essential oils contain d-limonene. It is an oil nutrient also called a terpene. It is industrially
    extracted from inner rids of fruit peels. This substance is toxic for termites and cockroaches and acts
    against them via fumes, vapors and direct contact. When essential oil fumigation is performed, d-
    Limonene from orange vapor destroys the wax-coating of an insect respiratory system. When orange oil
    spot injections are applied, d-Limonene acts as acid on contact and via mutual feeding, it “dissolves”
    insect cell membranes and destroys its digestive system (Coats, 2017).

    According to Mashek and Quarles (2008), Orange oil has attracted a lot of media interest because
    it is a natural product and has low toxicity to mammals. It is a by-product of orange juice processing, and
    is extracted from orange peels. Orange oil is currently available as an insecticide (Orange Guard™;
    ProCitra®) and as an herbicide (Green Match™). It has been registered in California under the brandname
    XT-2000™ for control of dry wood termites. If all the claims are true, it is the holy grail of pest control. An
    effective natural product with low toxicity and no toxic residuals; a green product obtained by utilization
    of waste.

    Abdelatif (2008) concluded in his study that all citrus essential oils have a potential insecticidal
    activity, but orange oil gave promising results as future natural insecticides, while lime juice and flavones
    from citrus peels may be good natural preservatives. The active ingredient of orange oil is d-limonene, a
    compound known to be effective as an insecticide against a variety of pests from flies, to mosquitoes,
    ants, crickets, and mites (Harris, 2017). D-Limonene is a common ingredient in soaps, perfumes, and food
    flavorings and has recently appeared as an active ingredient of some commercially-available flea
    shampoos. Because d-limonene is a natural product with low mammalian toxicity, it is great to be an
    alternative to synthetic insecticides (Coats, 2017). Limonene can be a natural pesticide for insect pests on
    tolerant plants (Hollingsworth, 2008).

    Oregano (Origanum vulgare)

    Cockroach (Blattella germanica)


    Abdelatif, H. (2008). Insecticidal and Antibacterial Activity of Citrus Fruits’ Peels and Juices. Retrieved from
    http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/bitstream/handle/123456789/13217/Insecticidal% 20and
    %20Antibacterial%20Activity%20of%20Citrus%20Fruits%E2%80%99%20Peels%20and
    %20Juices.pdf?sequence=1

    Chell, J. (2017). How to Kill Termites: Best Ways to Get Rid of Termites Naturally and Fast. Retrieved from
    https://killtermitesguide.com/how-to-kill-termites/

    Coats, J. (2011). Insecticidal Properties of d-Limonene. Retrieved from


    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275625878_Insecticidal_Properties_of_d-Limonene

    Ezeonu, F., Chidume, G., Udedi, S. (2013). Insecticidal properties of volatile extracts of orange peels.
    Retrieved from https://wenku.baidu.com/view/3ea692242af90242a895e5b7.html

    Harris, R. (2017). Using Orange Oil to Treat Drywood Termites. Retrieved from
    https://www.thespruce.com/orange-oil-to-treat-drywood-termites-2656314

    Hollingsworth, R. (2008). Limonene, a citrus extract, for control of mealybugs and scale insects. Retrieved
    from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16022305

    Mashek and Quarles (2008). Orange Oil for Drywood Termites. Retrieved from
    http://www.birc.org/JanFeb2008.pdf

    Termite Control Using Orange Oil. (2018). Retrieved from


    https://www.termitecontrol.com/methods/products-types/orange-oil/
    I. Purpose

    A. Orange Peel Extract

    B. Oregano Oil/Extract

    II. Cockroach

    A. History of Cockroaches

    B. Habitat

    C. Dangers posed to humans

    D. Factors affecting the death of cockroaches

    III. Oregano

    A. History of Oregano

    B. Uses

    C. Benefits

    1. Humans

    2. Animals

    D. Insecticidal Properties

    E. As essential oil

    1. Advantages

    2. Past Research Studies

    IV. Orange

    A. History of Orange
    B. Uses

    C. Benefits

    D. Insecticidal Properties

    E. Uses of Peel Extract

    1. Advantages

    2. Past Research Studies

    V. Natural Essential Solution

    A. Advantages

    B. Effects on human skin


    Bell, W. J. (2016). Cockroaches: ecology, behavior, and natural history. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
    University Press.

    Botrel, D. A. et. al (2012, July 26). Evaluation of spray drying conditions on properties of
    microencapsulated oregano essential oil. Retrieved from
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03100.x.

    Weisberger, M. (June 28,2019) Cockroach 'Superbugs' Becoming Near-Impossible to Kill.


    Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/65825-invincible-cockroach-
    superbugs.html.

    Ezeonu, F. C. et. al (2000, November 27). Insecticidal properties of volatile extracts of orange peels.
    Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852400001206.

    Igram, C. (2009). The miracle of wild oregano. Vernon Hills, IL: Knowledge House Pub.

    Jauregui, R. de. (2017, November 21). How to Make a Natural Spray Using Orange Rinds to Kill
    Bugs. Retrieved from https://homeguides.sfgate.com/make-natural-spray-using-orange-
    rinds-kill-bugs-99774.html.

    Shalaby AA. Et. al (n.d.). Insecticidal properties of citrus oils against Culex pipiens and Musca domestica.
    Retrieved from https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9707687.

    Niemietz, B. (2019, July 1). Cockroaches are evolving to a point where they'll be nearly
    impossible to kill. Retrieved from https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-
    cockroach-evolve-chemicals-impossible-kill-20190701-wvdtptorwbc7pcuyiw5weyde3u-
    story.html.

    New Direction. (January 25, 2018). All About Orange Oil. Retrieved from
    https://www.newdirectionsaromatics.com/blog/products/all-about-orange-oil.html.

    Palacios, M. et. al (2009, May 25). Efficacy of Essential Oils from Edible Plants as Insecticides
    Against the House Fly, Musca Domestica L. Retrieved from
    https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/5/1938.
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    Schuetz, B. (2016). The oregano oil: natures antiseptic and antioxidant. Summertown: Book
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    Sharififard, M. et. al (2018, December 25). Chemical Composition and Repellency of Origanum
    vulgare Essential Oil against Cimex lectularius under Laboratory Conditions. Retrieved
    from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6423461/.

    Schwied, R. (2019, November 21). Why is it so Hard To Kill A Cockroach with Your Shoe?.
    Retrieved from https://fs.blog/2011/08/why-is-it-so-hard-to-kill-a-cockroach-with-your-
    shoe/.

    Zinoviadou, K. G. et. al (2009, February 15). Physico-chemical properties of whey protein isolate
    films containing oregano oil and their antimicrobial action against spoilage flora of fresh
    beef. Retrieved from
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309174009000436.

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