Trigonometry

     1
1. If sum of all the solution of equation 8cos x  cos  + x  .cos  − x  −  = 1 in [0, 𝜋] is k𝜋,
 6  6  2
then k is equal to: (2018)
20
(a)
9
2
(b)
3
13
(c)
9
8
(d)
9

2. PQR is a triangular park with PQ = PR = 200 m. A T.V. tower stands at the mid-point of QR.
If the angle of elevation of the top of the tower at P, Q and R are respectively 45°, 30° and 30°
then the height of tower (in m) is: (2018)
(a) 50 2
(b) 100
(c) 50
(d) 100 2

3. An aeroplane flying at a constant speed, parallel to the horizontal ground, √3 km above it, is
observed at an elevation of 60° from a point on the ground. If, after five seconds, its elevation
from the same point, is 30°, then the speed (in km/hr) of the aeroplane, is: (2018)
(a) 750
(b) 720
(c) 1440
(d) 1500

4. If tan A and tan B are the roots of the quadratic equation, 3x2 – 10x – 25 = 0, then the value of
3 sin2(A + B) – 10 sin(A + B).cos(A+B) – 25 cos2(A + B) (2018)
(a) – 25
(b) 10
(c) – 10
(d) 25

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5. If an angle A of a Δ ABC satisfies 5 cosA+3=0, then the roots of the quadratic equation, 9x2 +
27x + 20 = 0 are: (2018)
(a) sec A, cot A
(b) sin A, sec A
(c) sec A, tan A
(d) tan A, cos A
6. A man on the top of a vertical tower observes a car moving at a uniform speed towards the
tower on a horizontal road. If it takes 18 min. for the angle of depression of the car to change
from 30 to 45; then after this, the time taken (in min.) by the car to reach the foot of the tower, is:
(2018)
(
(a) 9 1 + 3 )
( )
(b) 18 1 + 3

(c) 18 ( 3 − 1)

(d) ( 3 − 1)
9
2

tan A cot A
7. The expression + can be written as (2013)
1 − cot A 1 − tan A
(a) sin A cos A + 1
(b) sec A cosec A + 1
(c) tan A + cot A
(d) sec A + cosec A

8. The number of ordered pairs (𝛼, β), where 𝛼, β ∈ (–𝜋, 𝜋) satisfying cos (𝛼 – β) = 1 and cos (𝛼
1
+ β) = is (2005)
e
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 4

1 1
9. Given both 𝜃 and 𝜙 are acute angles and sin  = , cos  = , then the values of  +  belongs
2 3
to (2004)
  
(a)  , 
 3 6

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   2 
(b)  , 
2 3 
 2 5 
(c)  ,
 36 6 
 5 
(d)  , 
 6 

10. Which of the following numbers is rational? (1998)

(a) sin 15°
(b) cos 15°
(c) sin 15° cos 15°
(d) sin 15° cos 75°

4 2
( )
11. 3 ( sin x − cos x ) + 6 ( sin x + cos x ) + 4 sin 6 x + cos 6 x equals (1995)
(a) 11
(b) 12
(c) 13
(d) 14

12. The value of the expression 3cosec 20 − sec 20 is equal to (1988)
(a) 2
(b) 2 sin 20°/sin 40°
(c) 4
(d) 4 sin20°/sin 40°

  3      
13. The expression 3 sin 4  −   + sin 4 ( 3 +  )  − 2 sin 6  +   + sin 6 ( 5 − 6 )  is equal to
  2    2  
(1986)
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 3
(d) sin 4𝛼 + cos 6𝛼

   3  5  7 
14. 1 + cos 1 + cos 1 + cos 1 + cos  is equal to (1984)
 8  8  8  8 
1
(a)
2

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 
(b) cos
8
1
(c)
8
1+ 2
(d)
2 2

15. Given A = sin2 𝜃 + cos4 𝜃, then for all real values of 𝜃 (1980)
(a) 1  A  2
3
(b)  A  1
4
13
(c)  A 1
16
3 13
(d)  A 
4 16

4
16. If tan  = − , then sin 𝜃 is (1978)
3
4 4
(a) − but not
5 5
4 4
(b) − or
5 5
4 4
(c) but not −
5 5
(d) none of the above

    5   7 
17. If k = sin   sin   sin   , then the numerical value of k is ….. (1993)
 18   18   18 
(a) 1/2
(b) 1/4
(c) 1/8
(d) 1/12

 3 5 7 9 11 13
18. The value of sin .sin .sin .sin .sin .sin .sin is equal to (1991)
14 14 14 14 14 14 14
(a) 1/12
(b) 1/32
(c) 1/64

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(d) 124


19. If  +  = and  +  =  , then tan 𝛼 equals (2001)
2
(a) 2 ( tan  + tan  )
(b) tan  + tan 
(c) tan  + 2 tan 
(d) 2 tan  + tan 

20. If  +  +  = 2 , then (1979)

     
(a) tan + tan + tan = tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2
     
(b) tan tan + tan tan + tan tan =1
2 2 2 2 2 2
     
(c) tan + tan + tan = − tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2
(d) None of the above

n
21. Suppose sin 3 x sin 3x =  Cm cos nx is an identity is an identity in x, where C0 , C1 ,...., Cn are
m =0

constants and Cn  0 . Then the value of n is …. (1981)

(a) 3
(b) 6
(c) 9
(d) 12

 
22. Let    0,  and t1 = ( tan  ) , t2 = ( tan  ) , t3 = ( cot  ) and t4 = ( cot  ) , then
tan  cot  tan  cot 

 4
(2006)
(a) t1  t2  t3  t4
(b) t4  t3  t1  t2
(c) t3  t1  t2  t4
(d) t2  t3  t1  t4

23. Let a vertical tower AB have its end A on the level ground. Let C be the mid-point of AB and
P be a point on the ground such that AP = 2 AB. If ∠BPC = β, then tan β is equal to (2017)

@aakashallen
 6
(a)
7
1
(b)
4
2
(c)
9
4
(d)
9

24. A man is walking towards a vertical pillar in a straight path, at a uniform speed. At a certain
point A on the path, he observes that the angle of elevation of the top of the pillar is 30°. After
waking for 10 min from A in the same direction, at a point B, he observes that the angle of
elevation of the top of the pillar is 60°. Then, the time taken (in minutes) by him, from B to reach
the pillar, is (2016)
(a) 6
(b) 10
(c) 20
(d) 5

25. If 5 ( tan 2 x − cos 2 x ) = 2 cos 2 x + 9 , then the value of cos 4x is (2017)

3
(a) −
5
1
(b)
3
2
(c)
9
7
(d) −
9

26. If 0  x  2 , then the number of real values of x, which satisfy the equation cos x + cos 2x
+ cos 3x + cos 4x = 0, is (2016)
(a) 3
(b) 5
(c) 7
(d) 9

 
27. Let S =  x  ( − ,  ) : x  0,   . The sum of all distinct solutions of the equation sec x +
 2
cosec x + 2 (tan x – cot x) = 0 in the set S is equal to (2016)

@aakashallen
 7
(a) −
9
2
(b) −
9
(c) 0
5
(d)
9

   
28. If P =  : sin  − cos  = 2 cos  and Q =  : sin  + cos  = 2 sin  be two sets. Then,
(2011)
(a) P ⊂ Q and Q – P ≠ 𝜙
(b) Q  P
(c) P  Q
(d) P = Q

n
29. Let n be an odd integer. If sin n =  br sin r  , for every value of 𝜃, then (1998)
r =0

(a) b0 = 1, b1 = 3
(b) b0 = 0, b1 = n
(c) b0 = −1, b1 = n
(d) b0 = 0, b1 = n 2 − 3n + 3

30. The general value of 𝜃 satisfying the equation 2sin 2  − 3sin  − 2 = 0 , is (1995)

(a) n + ( −1)
n

6

(b) n + ( −1)
n

2
n 5
(c) n + ( −1)
6
n 7
(d) n + ( −1)
6

31. In a ∆ ABC, angle A is greater than angle B. If the measures of angles A and B satisfy the
equation 3sin x − 4sin3 x − k = 0,0  k  1 , then the measure of angle C is (1990)

(a)
3

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 
(b)
2
2
(c)
3
5
(d)
6

32. The number of solution of the equation tan x + sec x = 2 cos x lying in the interval [0, 2π], is
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 0

33. Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle whose perimeter is P and area is A, then
(a) P 3  27 ( b + c − a )( c + a − b )( a + b − c )
(b) P 2  3 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 )

(c) a 2 + b 2 + c 2  8 3 A
(d) P4  25  A

1 − 4sin10 sin 70

34. The value of the expression is
2sin10
(a) ½
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) none of these

1 − cos B
35. If tan A = then
sin B
(a) tan 3A = tan B
(b) tan 2A = tan B
(c) tan 3A = tan 2B
(d) none of these

 1 − sin x 1 + sin x
36. If < x < 𝜋 then the value of the expression + is
2 1 + sin x 1 − sin x
2
(a)
cos x

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 1
(b)
sin x
2
(c) −
cos x
(d) non existing

37. If x = sin8  + cos14  then

(a) x  1
(b) 0  x  1
(c) 0  x  1
(d) none of these

3
38. If tan  = , then the sum of the series 1 + 2 (1 − cos  ) + 3 (1 − cos  ) + 4 (1 − cos  ) + ... is
2 3

2
2
(a)
3
3
(b)
4
5
(c)
2 2
5
(d)
2

1 a b
39. In ∆ ABC if 1 c a = 0 where a, b, c are lengths of sides of ∆ ABC, then value of sin2A +
1 b c
sin2B + sin2C
4
(a)
9
9
(b)
4
(c) 3 3
(d) 1

40. tan 20° + 2 tan 50° is equal to

(a) tan 70°
(b) cot 70°
(c) sin 70°

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(d) tan 30°

41. Least value of tan 4  + cos2  − 6sin  cos  + 3sin 2  + cot 4  + 2 is

(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6 + 10
(d) 6 – 10

6 5 4 3 2 
42. The value of cos + cos + cos + cos + cos + cos is
7 7 7 7 7 7
(a) ½
(b) – ½
(c) 0
(d) 1

 3 5
43. The value of sin + sin + + ... upto n terms is -
n n n
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) ½
(d) none of these

44. The equation 2cos  − 3sin  = k in  has real solution then -

(a) k = – 4
(b) |k| < 13
(c) |k| < 5
(d) |k| = 5

( ) (
45. Number of values of x  R which satisfy the equation cos  x − 4 cos  x = 1 is )
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 2
(d) none of these

 
46. If x   0,  then sin 5x + sin 3x + sin x = 0 is true for
 2

(a) x =
6

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 
(b) x =
12

(c) x =
3

(d) x =
9

47. The solution of inequality cos 2 x  − sin x is -

 
(a) x  ( 2n + 1)  ; n  I
 2
    
(b) x  ( 4n + 1)    2n − , 2n −  ; n  I
 2  2 6
  
(c) x   2n − , 2n −  ; n  I
 2 6
    
(d) x   2n − , 2n −   ( 4n + 1)  ; n  I
 2 6  2

48. General solution of sin x + sin 5x = sin 2x + sin 4x is

n
(a) ;n I
3
2n
(b) 2n , ;n I
3
(c) 2n ; n  I
(d) none of these

49. sin 3 = 4sin  sin 2 sin 4 in 0     has

(a) 2 real solutions
(b) 4 real solutions
(c) 6 real solutions
(d) 8 real solutions

 2 4 8 16
50. The value of cos cos cos cos cos is -
10 10 10 10 10
10 + 2 5
(a)
64

cos
(b) 10
16

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 
cos
(c) 2 – 10
16
10 + 2 5
(d) −
64


51. If 0    then 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 cos 4 is equal to -
2

(a) 2sin
2
(b) 2cos 2
(c) 2sin 
  
(d) 2  cos + sin 
 2 2

4 6 8
52. The value of cos cos cos is equal to -
5 5 5
−1
(a)
4 ( 5 −1 )
1
(b)
4 ( 5 −1 )
tan 72
(c)
16
(d) None of these

cos ( − 90 ) sec  tan (180 −  )

53. Value of is
sec ( 360 −  ) sin ( − 180 ) tan ( 360 −  )
(a) 1
(b) – cot 
(c) 0
(d) – tan 45° tan 15° tan 255°

54. If 1 + sin x + sin 2 x + ... upto  = 4 + 2 3; 0  x   then x is equal to


(a)
6

(b)
4

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 
(c)
2
2
(d)
3

55. A regular hexagon and a regular dodecagon are inscribed in the same circle. If the side of the
dodecagon is 3 − 1 , then the side of the hexagon is:
(a) 2 +1
3 +1
(b)
2
(c) 2
(d) 2

56. In a right angled triangle hypotenuse is 2 2 times the perpendicular drawn from the
opposite vertex. The other angles of the triangles are:
 
(a) ,
3 6
 3
(b) ,
8 8
 
(c) ,
4 4
 3
(d) ,
5 10

57. The value of cot x + cot (60° + x) + cot (120° + x):

(a) cot 3x
(b) tan 3x
(c) 3 tan 3x
3 (1 − 3tan 2 x )
(d)
tan x ( 3 − tan 2 x )

cos 3
58. If cos 𝛼 + cos β = a, sin 𝛼 + sin β = b and 𝛼 – β, then equals.
cos 
(a) a2 + b2 – 2
(b) a2 + b2 – 3
(c) 4 – a2 – b2

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 a 2 + b2
(d)
4

1 1
59. + equals
cos 290 3 sin 250
2 3
(a)
3
4 3
(b)
3
(c) 3
(d) None of these

60. If three angles A, B, C are such that cos A + cos B + cos C = 0 and if cos A cos B cos C = 𝜆
(cos 3A + cos 3A + cos C)
1
(a)
12
1
(b)
8
1
(c)
4
1
(d)
6

 3 5
61. sin .sin .sin equals
14 14 14
1
(a)
4
1
(b)
2
1
(c)
8
(d) 1

1
62. The maximum value of the expression is:
sin  + 3sin  cos  + 5cos 2 
2

(a) 1
(b) 2

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 3
(c)
4
7
(d)
4

63. The expression tan  + 2 tan 2 + 22 tan 22 + ... + 214 tan 214 + 215 cot 215 is equal to
(a) 216 tan 216
(b) tan 
(c) cot 
(d) 216  tan ( 216  ) + cot ( 216  ) 

64. If A + B – C = 3𝜋, then cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C is

(a) – 1 – 4 cos A cos B cos C
(b) – 1 + 4 cos A cos B cos C
(c) – 4 sin A sin B cos C – 1
(d) – 4 sin A cos B cos C – 1

tan 3x − tan 2 x 
65. Statement-1: If = 1 then x = n + , n  I
1 + tan 3x tan 2 x 4

Statement-2: tan x is not defined at x = n + ,n I
2
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

3 +1
66. Statement-1: Value of sin 85° sin 35° sin 25° is
8 2
3
Statement-2: cos (60° + 𝜃) cos (60° – 𝜃) cos 𝜃 = cos3 𝜃 – cos 𝜃
4
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

67. Statement-1: Angel 8c is equal to 45810'48''

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Statement-2: To convert an angle of circular system into centesimal system, are used
(i) 𝜋 Radians = 180°
(ii) 1° = 60 minutes
(iii) 1 minutes = 60 seconds
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

| x − 1|
68. Statement-1: Number of solutions of the equation cos ( x − 1) = are 6.
10
Statement-2: Number of solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x) is equal to number of points of
intersection of graphs y = f(x) & y = g(x).
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

69. Statement-1: sin 2 > sin 3

 
Statement-2: If x, y,   ,   , x  y then sin x > sin y
2 
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

70. Statement-1: In any triangle ABC, which is not right angled  (cos A cosec B cosec C) is
equal to 2.
Statement-2: In any triangle ABC which is not right angled  tan A tan B = 1.
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

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 
71. The number of real solutions of tan −1 x ( x + 1) + sin −1 x 2 + x + 1 = is (1999)
2
(a) zero
(b) one
(c) two
(d) infinite

 2x  1
72. If tan −1 y = tan −1 x + tan −1  2 
, where | x | . Then, the value of y is
 1− x  3
3x − x3
(a)
1 − 3x 2
3x + x3
(b)
1 − 3x 2
3x − x3
(c)
1 + 3x 2
3x + x3
(d)
1 + 3x 2

 23 −1 
n

73. The value of  cot   2k   is
1 + (2013)
 n =1  k =1  
23
(a)
25
25
(b)
23
23
(c)
24
24
(d)
23

74. If x, y and z are in AP and tan −1 x, tan −1 y and tan −1 z are also in AP, then (2013)
(a) x = y = z
(b) 2x = 3y = 6z
(c) 6x = 3y = 2z
(d) 6x = 4y = 3z

75. If 0 < x < 1, then is equal to (2008)

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 x
(a)
1 + x2
(b) x
(c) x 1 + x 2
(d) 1 + x 2

76. The value of x for which sin cot −1 (1 + x )  = cos ( tan −1 x ) is (2004)
(a) ½
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) – ½

 4  2 
77. The value of tan cos −1   + tan −1    is (1983)
 5  3 
6
(a)
17
17
(b)
6
16
(c)
7
(d) none of these

78. Range of the function f(x) = sec–1 (2x – x2) is

 
(a) 0, 
 2
 
(b)  ,  
2 
 
(c)  ,    {0}
2 
    
(d) 0,    ,  
 2 2 

79. Set of all real values of x such that inequation sin–1 (sin 10) < x2 – 6x – 1 + 3𝜋 is satisfied, is
(a) R
(
(b) −,3 − 10 − 3 )
(c) R – {3}

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(d) 

 1  
−1 − 3

80. The value of cos −1   + cos  2  is
 2  
(a) 15°
(b) 75°
(c) 195°
3
(d)
4

81. Which is true?

(a) sin ( sin −1 x ) = x if x  R − ( −1,1)

(b) cos ( cos −1 x ) = − x if x   −1,1

(c) tan ( tan −1 x ) =  − x x  R

(d) sec ( sec−1 x ) = x if x  ( −, −1  1,  )

82. tan–1 2 + tan–1 3 is equal to


(a) −
4
(b) tan −1 ( −1)
1
(c) cos −1
2
3
(d)
4

 4  3 
83. tan cos −1   + cot −1    is -
 5  2 
5
(a)
7
17
(b)
6
7
(c)
16
6
(d)
17

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 1 1 1
84. tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 + ... upto n terms is equal to
1 + x ( x + 1) 1 + ( x + 1)( x + 2 ) 1 + ( x + 2 )( x + 3)
(a) tan–1 x
(b) tan–1 (x + n)
(c) tan–1 (x + n) – tan–1 x
(d) n tan–1 x

1 1 1 1
85. sin −1 + sin −1 + sin −1 + sin −1 + .... upto n terms is equal to
2 10 50 170
1
(a) tan −1
n
(b) tan n − 
−1


(c)
n
(d) tan −1 n


86. If cos −1 x + tan −1 2 = , then x is equal to
2
1
(a)
5
5
(b)
2
2
(c)
5
(d) 1

1
87. If x + = −2 , then cosec–1 x is equal to
x

(a) −
2

(b)
2
(c) 0
(d) 𝜋

3 5
88. If x , then sin–1 (sin x) is equal to
2 2
(a) x − 2

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(b)  − x
(c) 3 − x
(d) 2 − x

89. If 3tan −1 x + cot −1 x =  , then x is equal to

(a) 2
(b) – 1
(c) 1
(d) 3

3
90. If sin −1 x + sin −1 y + sin −1 z = , then (x + y +z)2 is equal to
2
(a) 9
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 2

91. Evaluate cos tan–1 sin cot–1 x

x +1
(a)
x+2
x2 −1
(b)
x2 + 2
x2 + 1
(c)
x2 + 2
x2 + 1
(d)
x2 − 2

 4 2
92. Evaluate cos  sin −1 + cos −1 
 5 3
6−4 5
(a)
13
6−4 5
(b)
15
6+4 5
(c)
15
6+4 5
(d)
17

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  
93. Evaluate sin −1 cos cos −1 ( cos x ) + sin −1 ( sin x ) if x   ,  
2 

(a)
2

(b) −
2
(c) 
(d) −

1 9 25 49
94. Evaluate cot −1 + cot −1 + cot −1 + cot −1 + ... upto n terms
2 2 2 2
(a) tan–1 2n
(b) tan–1 (2n – 1)
(c) tan–1 n
(d) tan–1 2n – tan–1 1

 1   1 
95. tan  + cos −1 x  + tan  − cos −1 x  , x  0 is equal to
4 2  4 2 
(a) x
(b) 2x
2
(c)
x
x
(d)
2

1 + x2 −1
96. If tan −1 x = 4 , then:
x
(a) x = tan 2°
(b) x = tan 4°
(c) x = tan (1/4)°
(d) x = tan 8°

n 
97. If cot −1  , n  N , then the maximum value of ‘n’ is:
 6
(a) 1
(b) 5
(c) 9

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(d) none of these

1 −1  3sin 2  
98. If sin   = , then tan 𝜃 is equal to
2  5 + 4 cos 2  4
(a) 1/3
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d) – 1

 
1/2
99. If 0 < x < 1, then 1 + x 2  x cos ( cot −1 x ) + sin ( cot −1 x ) − 1
2
=
 
x
(a)
1 + x2
(b) x
(c) x 1 + x 2
(d) 1 + x 2

100. Statement-1: If 𝛼, β are roots of 2x2 – 3x – 2 = 0 and 𝛼 > β, then sec–1𝛼 exists but not sec–1
β.
Statement-2: Domain of sec–1 x is R – (–1, 1).
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-
1.
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True


101. Statement-1: If tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z = , then xy + yz + zx = 1
2
1 
Statement-2: tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 =
3 2
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-
1.
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

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102. Statement-1: tan 2 ( sec −1 2 ) + cot 2 ( cos ec −1 3) = 11
Statement-2: tan 2  + sec2  = 1 = cot 2  + cosec2
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-
1.
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

a b 
103. Statement-1: If a > 0, b > 0, tan −1   + tan −1   = .  x = ab
 x  x 2
m  n−m 
Statement-2: If m, n  N , n  m, then tan −1   + tan −1  = .
n n+m 4
(a) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-
1.
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

2n 2n
104. If  sin −1 xr = n , then
r =1
x
r =1
r is equal to

(a) n
(b) 2n
n ( n + 1)
(c)
2
(d) none of these

 x 2 x3   x4 x6  
105. If sin −1  x − + − ...  + cos −1  x 2 − + ...  = for 0 | x | 2 , then x equals (2001)
 2 4   2 4  2
(a) ½
(b) 1
(c) – ½
(d) – 1

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  x x
106. If sin −1 x 2 + 2 x + 1 + sec −1 x 2 + 2 x + 1 = , x  0 , then the values of 2sec−1 + sin −1 is
2 2 2
equal to

(a) − only
2
 3  
(b) − , 
 2 2
3
(c) only
2
3
(d) − only
2

n n
107. If  cos−1 xr = 0 , then
r =1
x
r =1
r equals

(a) 0
(b) n
n ( n + 1)
(c)
2
(d) none of these

108. If cos−1 x  sin −1 x , then x belongs to the interval

(a) ( −, 0 )
(b) ( −1, 0 )
 1 
(c)  0, 
 2
 1 
(d)  −1, 
 2

109. The set of values of x satisfying the inequation tan2 sin–1 x) > 1, is
(a) [–1, 1]
 1 1 
(b)  − , 
 2 2
 1 1 
(c) ( −1,1) −  − , 
 2 2
 1 1 
(d)  −1,1 −  − , 
 2 2

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 n 
110. If cot −1  , n  N , then the maximum value of n, is
 6
(a) 1
(b) 5
(c) 9
(d) none of these

111. If 6sin −1 ( x 2 − 6 x + 12 ) = 2 , then the value of x, is

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) does not exist

112. Which of the following is the solution set of the equation sin–1 x = cos–1 x + sin–1 (3x – 1)?
 1
(a) 0, 
 3
 1 2
(b)  , 
 3 3
 2
(c) 0, 
 3
(d) none of these

 2x 
113. If log 2 x  0 , then log1/ sin −1 + 2 tan −1 x  is equal to
 1+ x 2

(a) log1/ ( 4 tan −1 x )
(b) 0
(c) – 1
(d) none of these

114. The value of ‘a’ for which ax 2 + sin −1 ( x 2 − 2 x + 2 ) + cos −1 ( x 2 − 2 x + 2 ) = 0 has a real
solution, is

(a)
2

(b) −
2

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 2
(c)

2
(d) −


 1 
115. If tan ( sec −1 x ) = sin  cos −1  , then x =
 5
3
(a) 
5
5
(b) 
3
3
(c) 
5
(d) none of these

3
116. The number of solutions of the equation 2sin −1 x 2 − x + 1 + cos −1 x 2 − 1 = , is
2
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 2
(d) ∞

117. If  = 2 tan −1 ( )
2 − 1 ,  = 3sin −1
1
2
 1 1
+ sin −1  −  and  = cos −1 . Then,
 2 3
(a) 𝛼 < β < γ
(b) 𝛼 < γ < β
(c) β < γ < 𝛼
(d) γ < β < 𝛼

x 1  2
118. If f ( x ) = cos −1 x + cos −1  + 3 − 3x 2  , then f   equals
2 2  3

(a)
3
2 
(b) 2 cos −1 −
3 3
2
(c)
3

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 2
(d) 2 cos −1
3

119. The trigonometric equation sin–1 x = 2 sin–1 a has a solution for (2003)
1
(a) a 
2
1 1
(b)  a 
2 2
(c) all real values of a
1
(d) a 
2

120. If 𝛼 is the only real root of the equation x3 + bx 2 + cx + 1 = 0 ( b  c ) , then the value of
1
tan −1  + tan −1   is equal to
 

(a)
2

(b) −
2
(c) 0
(d) non-existent

Answers

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (c) 12. (c)

13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (a) 21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (d)

25. (d) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (d) 31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (b) 35. (b) 36. (c)

37. (c) 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. (a) 41. (c) 42. (c) 43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (a)
49. (d) 50. (d) 51. (d) 52. (b) 53. (d) 54. (d) 55. (d) 56. (b) 57. (d) 58. (b) 59. (b) 60. (a)
61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (d) 66. (a) 67. (a) 68. (a) 69. (a) 70. (c) 71. (c) 72. (a)
73. (b) 74. (a) 75. (c) 76. (d) 77. (b) 78. (c) 79. (c) 80. (c) 81. (d) 82. (d) 83. (b) 84. (c)

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85. (d) 86. (c) 87. (a) 88. (a) 89. (c) 90. (a) 91. (c) 92. (b) 93. (b) 94. (a) 95. (c) 96. (d)
97. (b) 98. (b) 99. (c) 100. (a) 101. (b) 102. (d) 103. (b) 104. (b) 105. (b) 106. (c) 107. (b)
108. (d) 109. (c) 110. (b) 111. (d) 112. (d) 113. (c) 114. (b) 115. (a) 116. (c) 117. (b)
118. (a) 119. (a) 120. (b)

1. (c)

2. (b)

3. (c)

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4. (a)

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5. (c)

6. (a)

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7. (b)

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8. (b)

9. (b)

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10. (c)

11. (c)

12. (c)

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13. (b)

14. (c)

15. (b)

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16. (b)

17. (c)

18. (c)

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19. (c)

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20. (a)

21. (b)

22. (b)

23. (c)

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24. (d)

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25.

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26.

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27.

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@aakashallen
28.

29.

30.

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31.

32.

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33.

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34.

35.

36.

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37.

38.

39.

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40.

41.

42.

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43.

44.

45.

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46.

47.

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48.

49.

50.

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51.

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52.

53.

54.

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55.

56.

57.

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58.

59.

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60.

61.

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62.

63.

64.

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65.

66.

67.

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68.

69.
Obvious

70.

71. (c)

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72. (a)

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73. (b)

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74. (a)

75. (c)

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76. (d)

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77. (b)

78.

79.

80.

81.

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82.

83.

84.

85.

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86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

91.

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92.

93.

94.

95.

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96.

97.

98.

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99.

100.

101.

102.

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103.

104. We have,

105.

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106.

107.

108.

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109.

110.

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111.
We have, x2 – 6x + 12 = (x – 3)2 + 3 ≥ 3 for all x
∴ sin–1 (x2 – 6x + 12) does not exist.
Thus, there is no value of x satisfying the given equation.

112.

113.

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114.

115.

116.

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117.

118.

119.

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120.
Let f ( x) = x3 + bx 2 + cx + 1. Then,
f ( 0 ) = 1  0 and f ( −1) = b − c  0  b  c
 lies between − 1 and 0.
 0
1
 tan −1   = − + cot −1 
 
1
 tan −1  + tan −1 = − + tan −1  + cot −1 

1  
 tan −1  + tan −1 = − + =−
 2 2

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 TRIGONOMETRY

TRIGONOMETRY
Trigonometric Ratios of Standard Angles
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & IDENTITIES
1. The meaning of Trigonometry T–Ratio T)
Angle (T
p 0° 30° 45° 60° 90°
Tri Gon Metron
p p p
3 sides Measure
1 1 3
Hence, this particular branch in Mathematics was sin 0 1
2 2 2
developed in ancient past to measure 3 sides, 3 angles
and 6 elements of a triangle. In today’s time–trigonometric
functions are used in entirely different shapes. The 2 basic 3 1 1
cos 1 0
functions are sine and cosine of an angle in a right–angled 2 2 2
triangle and there are 4 other derived functions.
1
tan 0
3
1 3 f

1
cot f 3 1
3
0

sin T cos T tan T cot T sec T cosec T 2

sec 1
3 2 2 f
P B P B H H
H H B P B P
2
cosec f 2 2 3
1
2. Basic Trigonometric Identities

(a) sin2T + cos2T = 1 : –1d sinTd 1; –1d cosTd 1  TR The sign of the trigonometric ratios in different quadrants
are as under :
(b) sec2T – tan2T = 1 : | secT| t 1  TR

(c) cosec2T – cot2T = 1 : | cosecT| t 1  TR

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TRIGONOMETRY

3. Trigonometric Ratios of Allied Angles

§ 3S · § 3S ·
sin ¨  T ¸  cos T cos ¨  T ¸  sin T
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
Using trigonometric ratio of allied angles, we could find
the trigonometric ratios of angles of any magnitude.
tan S  T tan T cot S  T cot T

sin (–T) = – sin T cos (–T) = cos T

§ 3S · § 3S ·
tan ¨  T ¸ cot T cot ¨  T ¸ tan T
§S · §S · © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
sin ¨  T ¸ cos T cos ¨  T ¸ sin T
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
sec S  T  sec T cosec S  T  cosec T
tan (–T) = – tan T cot (–T) = –cot T

§ 3S · § 3S ·
§S · §S · sec ¨  T ¸  cosec T cos ec ¨  T ¸  sec T
tan ¨  T ¸ cot T cot ¨  T ¸ tan T © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
©2 ¹ ©2 ¹

cosec (–T) = – cosec T sec (–T) = sec T

§ 3S · § 3S ·
sin ¨  T ¸  cos T cos ¨  T ¸ sin T
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
§S · §S ·
sec ¨  T ¸ cos ecT cos ec ¨  T ¸ sec T
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
sin 2S  T  sin T cos 2S  T cos T

§S · §S ·
sin ¨  T ¸ cos T cos ¨  T ¸  sin T § 3S · § 3S ·
©2 ¹ ©2 ¹ tan ¨  T ¸  cot T cot ¨  T ¸  tan T
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

sin S  T sin T cos S  T  cos T

tan 2S  T  tan T cot 2S  T  cot T

§S · §S ·
tan ¨  T ¸  cot T cot ¨  T ¸  tan T § 3S · § 3S ·
©2 ¹ ©2 ¹ sec ¨  T¸ cos ec T cos ec ¨  T ¸  sec T
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

tan S  T  tan T cot S  T  cot T

sec 2S  T sec T cosec 2S  T  cosec T

§S · §S · sin 2S  T sin T cos 2S  T cos T

sec ¨  T ¸  cosecT cos ec ¨  T ¸ sec T
©2 ¹ ©2 ¹

tan 2S  T tan T cot 2S  T cot T

sec S  T  sec T cosec S  T cos ec T

sec 2S  T sec T cosec 2S  T cosec T

sin S  T  sin T cos S  T  cos T

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 TRIGONOMETRY

4. Trigonometric Functions of Sum or 5. Multiple Angles and Half Angles

Difference of Two Angles
T T
(a) sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A ; sin T = 2 sin cos
(a) sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B 2 2

(b) cos 2A = cos2A – sin2A = 2 cos2A – 1 = 1 – 2 sin2 A ;

(b) sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B
T T
(c) cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B 2cos2 = 1 + cos T, 2 sin2 = 1 – cos T
2 2

(d) cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B

T
2 tan A 2 tan
(c) tan 2A = ; tan T = 2
1  tan 2 A 2 T
tan A  tan B 1  tan
(e) tan (A  B) 2
1  tan A tan B

2 tan A 1  tan 2 A
(d) sin 2A = ; cos 2A =
tan A  tan B 1  tan A
2
1  tan 2 A
(f) tan (A  B)
1  tan A tan B
(e) sin 3A = 3 sin A – 4 sin3 A
(f) cos 3 A = 4 cos3 A – 3 cos A

cot A cot B  1
(g) cot (A + B) = 3tan A  tan  A
cot B  cot A (g) tan 3A =
1  3tan 2 A

6. Transformation of Products into Sum

cot A cot B  1
(f) cot (A - B) = or Difference of Sines & Cosines
cot B  cot A

(h) sin2 A – sin2 B = cos2B – cos2A = sin (A + B) . sin (A – B) (a) 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A – B)

(i) cos2 A – sin2 B = cos2B – sin2A = cos (A + B) . cos (A – B)

(b) 2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) – sin (A – B)

(j) tan (A + B + C) = tanA  tanB  tanC  tanAtanBtanC

(c) 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A – B)
1  tanAtanB  tanBtanC  tanCtanA
(d) 2 sin A sin B = cos (A – B) – cos (A + B)

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TRIGONOMETRY

7. Factorisation of the Sum or Difference of 9. Conditional Identities

Two Sines or Cosines
If A + B + C = S then :
(i) sin 2A + sin2 B + sin 2C = 4 sin A sin B sin C
C D CD A B C
(a) sin C + sin D = 2 sin cos (ii) sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
(iii) cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C = –1 – 4cosA cosB cosC
CD CD
(b) sin C – sin D = 2 cos sin A B C
2 2 (iv) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4sin sin sin
2 2 2
(v) tan A + tan B + tan C = tanA tanB tanC
CD CD
(c) cos C + cos D = 2 cos cos A B B C C A
2 2 (vi) tan tan  tan tan  tan tan 1
2 2 2 2 2 2

CD CD A B C A B C
(d) cos C – cos D = – 2 sin sin (vii) cot  cot  cot cot .cot .cot
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

(viii) cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1

8. Important Trigonometric Ratios
10. Range of Trigonometric Expression
(a) sin n S = 0 ; cos n S = (–1)n ; tan nS = 0 where n Z
E = a sin T + b cos T

S 3 1 5S § b·
(b) sin 15º or sin = cos 75º or cos ; E a   b 2 sin(T  D), ¨ where tan D ¸
12 2 2 12 © a¹

§ a·
S 3 1 5S E a 2  b 2 cos(T  E), ¨ where tan E ¸
cos 15º or cos = = sin 75º or sin ; © b¹
12 2 2 12
Hence for any real value of T,  a 2  b 2 d E d a 2  b 2

3 1 11. Sine and Cosine Series

tan 15º = 2  3 = cot 75º ;
3 1 (a) sin D + sin (D + E) + sin (D + E) + ..... + sin (D + n  1 E )

nE
3 1 sin
tan 75º = 2  3 = cot 15º = 2 sin (D  n  1 E)
3 1 E 2
sin
2

S 5 1
(c) sin or sin 18º = & (b) cos D + cos ( D + E) + cos (D + 2E) + ...... + cos (D + n  1 E )
10 4
nE
sin
S 5 1 = 2 cos (D  n  1 E)
cos 36º or cos E 2
5 4 sin
2

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 TRIGONOMETRY

(d) y = cot x,
12. Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
x  R – {nS; n  z}; y  R
(a) y = sin x,
x  R ; y  [–1, 1]

(e) y = cosec x,
x R – {nS; n Z}; y  –f–]‰[1, f)
(b) y = cos x,
x  R ; y  [–1, 1]

(f) y = sec x,

­ S ½
x  R  ® 2n  1 ; n  Z ¾ ; y  –f–]‰[1, f)
(c) y = tan x, ¯ 2

­ S ½
x  R  ® 2n  1 ; n  Z ¾ ; y  R
¯ 2

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TRIGONOMETRY

4. sin T = sin D œ T = n S + ( – 1) n D, where

TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
ª S Sº
13. Trigonometric Equations D  « , »
¬ 2 2¼
The equations involving trigonometric functions of
5. cos T= cos DœT= 2nS± D, where D[0, S].
unknown angles are known as Trigonometric equations.
e.g., cos T= 0, cos2T– 4 cos T= 1. § S S·
6. tan T= tan DœT= n S+ D, where D  ¨  , ¸
A solution of a trigonometric equation is the value of the © 2 2¹
unknown angle that satisfies the equation.
7. sin2T= sin2 DœT= n S± D.

1 S S 3S 9S 11S 8. cos2 T= cos2 DœT= n S± D.

e.g., sin T ŸT or T , , , ,...
2 4 4 4 4 4 9. tan2 T= tan2 DœT= n S± D.

Thus, the trigonometric equation may have infinite S

number of solutions and can be classified as : 10. sin T= 1 œT= (4n +1) .
2
(i) Principal solution
11. cos T= 1 œT= 2n S.
(ii) General solution
12. cos T= – 1 œT= (2n + 1) S.
14. General Solution 13. sin T= sin Dand cos T= cos DœT= 2n S+ D.

Since, trigonometric functions are periodic, a solution

generalised by means of periodicity of the trigonometrical
functions. The solution consisting of all possible solutions
of a trigonometric equation is called its general solution.

14.1 Results 1. Every where in this chapter ‘n’ is taken as an integer,

if not stated otherwise.
1. sin T= 0 œT= n S 2. The general solution should be given unless the
solution is required in a specified interval or range.
S
2. cos T= 0 œT(2n + 1) 3. D is taken as the principal value of the angle.
2
(i.e., Numerically least angle is called the principal
3. tan T= 0 œT= n S
value).

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 TRIGONOMETRY

SOLVED EXAMPLES

Example – 1
§DJ·
Multiplying and dividing by 2 sin ¨ ¸ , we get
Solve : If sec Dand cosec Dare the roots of © 2 ¹
x2 – px + q = 0, then show p2 = q (q + 2).
§DJ· §DJ·
2 cos ¨ ¸ .sin ¨ ¸
Sol. Since, sec Dand cosec Dare roots of x – px + q = 0
2
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ sin D  sin J
cot E
?sec D+ cosec D= p and sec D. cosec D= q §DJ· §DJ· cos J  cos D
2 sin ¨ ¸ sin ¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
1
?sin D+ cos D= p sin D. cos Dand sin D. cos D
q sin D  sin J
Ÿ cot E .
cos J  cos D
p
? sin D+ cos D= .
q Example – 3
Squaring both sides, we get Solve : Prove that
p2 tan A + 2 tan 2A + 4 tan 4A + 8 cot 8A = cot A.
sin2 D+ cos2 D+ 2 sin D. cos D
q2
§ 1  tan 2 4A ·
p 2 Sol. L.H.S. = tan A + 2 tan 2A + 4 tan 4A + 8 ¨ ¸
1 + 2 sin D. cos D © 2 tan 4A ¹
q2

§ 4 tan 2 4A  4  4 tan 2 4A ·
2 p2 = tan A + 2 tan 2A + ¨ ¸
or 1 Ÿ p2 = q (q + 2). tan 4A
q q2 © ¹

= tan A + 2 tan 2A + 4 cot 4A

Example – 2

Solve : If D, Eand Jare in A.P., show that § 1  tan 2 2A ·

= tan A + 2 tan 2A + 4 ¨ 2 tan 2A ¸
© ¹
sin D  sin J
cot E .
cos J  cos D
ª 2 tan 2 2A  2  2 tan 2 2A º
= tan A + « tan 2A
»
¬ ¼
Sol. Since, D, Eand Jare in A.P.
= tan A + 2 cot 2A
2E= D+ J

§DJ· § 1  tan 2 A · tan 2 A  1  tan 2 A

Ÿcot E= cot ¨ ¸ = tan A + 2 ¨ 2 tan A ¸
© 2 ¹ © ¹ tan A

= cot A = R.H.S.
§DJ· Note: Students are adviced to learn above result as formulae.
cos ¨ ¸
Ÿ cot E © 2 ¹ i.e., tan A + 2 cot 2A = cot A
§DJ·
sin ¨ ¸
© 2 ¹

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 TRIGONOMETRY

Example – 4 Example – 6

Solve : Evaluate : Solve : Prove that :

cos 12° cos 24° cos 36°. cos 48°. cos 72°. cos 84°.
3
cos3 A + cos3 (120° + A) + cos3 (240° + A) = cos 3A
4
Sol. cos 12° cos 24° cos 36° cos 48°. cos 72°. cos 84°.
Ÿ cos 12° cos 24° cos 48° . cos (180°–96°). Sol. We know that
cos 36° . cos 72°
1
Ÿ – (cos 12° . cos 24° . cos 48°. cos 96°) . cos 3A = 4 cos3 A – 3 cos A Ÿcos3 A = (cos 3A + 3 cosA)
4
(cos 36° . cos 72°)
1 1
? LHS = {cos 3A + 3 cos A} + {cos (360° + 3A) +
sin (2 .12q) sin (2 .36q)
4 2 4 4
Ÿ  .
24.sin (12q) 2 2.sin (36q) 1
3 cos (120° + A)} + {cos (720 + 3A) + 3 cos (240° + A)}
4
sin(2 n A)
using, cos A cos 2 A ...... cos 2n – 1 A 1 1
2n sin A Ÿ LHS {cos 3A + 3 cos A} +
4 4
sin (192q) sin (144q) 1
Ÿ  . {cos 3A + 3 cos 120° + A)} + {cos 3A + 3 cos (240° + A)}
16.sin (12q) 4.sin (36q) 4
3 3
sin (180q  12q) . sin (180q  36q) Ÿ LHS = cos 3A + {cos A + cos (120° + A) +
Ÿ  4 4
64 . sin12q. sin 36q cos (240° + A)}

sin12q.sin 36q 3 3
1 Ÿ LHS = cos 3A + {cos A + 2 cos (180°–A) cos 60°}
Ÿ 64 sin 12q.sin 36q Ÿ . 4 4
64
3 3 ­ 1½ 3
Example – 5 Ÿ LHS= cos3A  ®cos A  2cos A u ¾ cos3A=RHS
4 4 ¯ 2 4
Solve : Prove that : ALITER
tan A + tan (60° + A) – tan (60° – A) = 3 tan 3A We have,
cos A + cos (120° + A) + cos (240° + A)
Sol. We have, = cos A + 2 cos (180° + A) cos 120°
LHS = tan A + tan (60° + A) – tan (60° – A)
ª CD C Dº
«¬'cosC  cos D 2cos 2 cos 2 »¼
3  tan A 3  tan A
Ÿ LHS tan A  
1  3 tan A 1  3 tan A = cos A – cos A = 0
? cos3 A + cos3 (120° + A) + cos3 (240° + A)
8tan A
Ÿ LHS tan A  = 3 cos A cos (120° + A) cos (240° + A)
1  3 tan 2 A
[' a + b + c = 0 Ÿa3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc]
9 tan A  3tan 3 A = 3 cos A cos (180° – 60° + A) cos (180° + 60° + A)
Ÿ LHS
1  3tan 2 A = 3 cos A cos {180° – (60° – A)} cos {180° + (60° + A)}
= 3 cos A cos (60° – A) cos (60° + A)
§ 3 tan A  tan 3 A ·
Ÿ LHS 3 ¨ ¸ = 3 tan 3A = RHS 1 3
3 u cos3A cos3A
© 1  3 tan A ¹
2
4 4

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 TRIGONOMETRY

Example – 7
(cos60q  sin18q)(cos36q  sin 30q)
Ÿ LHS
3 3
Solve : Prove that : sin 3A sin A + cos 3A cos A = cos 2A 3 (cos60q  sin18q)(cos36q  sin 30q)

Sol. We have,
§1 5  1 ·§ 5  1 1 ·
¨¨  ¸¨  ¸¸
cos3A  3cos A ©2 4 ¸¨ ¹© 4 2¹
cos3 A Ÿ LHS
4 §1 5  1 ·§ 5  1 1 ·
¨¨  ¸¨  ¸¸
©2 4 ¸¨ ¹© 4 2¹
? LHS = sin 3A sin3 A + cos 3A cos3 A

­ 3sin A  sin3A ½ ­ cos3A  3cos A ½

Ÿ LHS = sin 3A ® ¾  cos3A ® ¾ (3  5) (3  5) 95
¯ 4 ¯ 4 1 RHS
( 5  1) ( 5  1) 5 1

1
Ÿ LHS = {3 (cos A cos 3A + sin A sin 3A) + (cos2 3A–sin2 3A)} Example – 9
4

1 Solve : Prove that : 4 sin 27° = (5  5)  (3  5)

Ÿ LHS = {3 cos (3A – A) + cos 2 (3A)}
4

Sol. We have,
1
Ÿ LHS = {3 cos 2A + cos 3 (2A)} 16 sin2 27° = 8 (1 – cos 54°)
4
Ÿ 16 sin2 27° = 8 (1 – sin 36°)
1
Ÿ LHS = {3 cos 2A + (4 cos3 2A – 3 cos 2A)}
4 ­° 10  2 5 ½°
Ÿ 16sin 2 27q 8 ®1  ¾
= cos3 2A = RHS 4
¯° °¿

Example – 8

Solve : Prove that : tan 6° tan 42° tan 66° tan 78° = 1 Ÿ 16sin 2 27q 2 4  10  2 5

Sol. We have, Ÿ 16sin 2 27q 8  2 10  2 5

sin 6q sin 42q sin 66q sin 78q
LHS
cos6q cos 42q cos66q cos 78q Ÿ 16 sin2 27° = (5  5)  (3  5 )  2 (5  5) (3  5)

2 2
(2sin 66q sin 6q)(2sin 78q sin 42q) Ÿ 5 5  3 5  2 (5  5) (3  5)
Ÿ LHS 16 sin2 27° =
(2cos66q cos 6q) (2cos 78q cos 42q)

(cos 60q  cos 72q)(cos 36q  cos120q) Ÿ 16 sin2 27° = 5 5  3 5

Ÿ LHS
(cos60q  cos 72q)(cos36q  cos120q)

sin 27q 5 5  3 5

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TRIGONOMETRY

Example – 10 Example – 11

Solve : If A + B + C = S, then prove the following

tan 3x 1
Solve : Prove that never lies between and 3. (i) sin2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sin A . sin B . sin C
tan x 3
(ii) sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C = 2 + 2 cos A . cos B. cos C

§A· §B· §C·

(iii) cos2 ¨ ¸  cos2 ¨ ¸  cos 2 ¨ ¸
tan 3x ©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹
Sol. Let y . Then,
tan x
§ A · § B· § C·
= 2 + 2 sin ¨ ¸ sin ¨ ¸ sin ¨ ¸
© 2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹
3tan x  tan3 x
y
tan x(1  3tan 2 x) §A· §B· §C·
(iv) cos ¨ ¸  cos ¨ ¸  cos ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹

tan 2 x § SA · § SB· § SC·

Ÿ y 4cos ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸
1  3 tan 2 x © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹

Ÿ (3y – 1) tan2 x = y – 3 cos A  cos B  cos C  1 §A · §C·

(v) cot ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸
cos A  cos B  cosC  1 © 2¹ ©2¹
y 3
Ÿ tan2 x =
3y  1
Sol. L.H.S.
= sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C
Now,

tan2 x t0 for all x § 2A  2B · § 2A  2B ·

2sin ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸ + 2 sinC cos C
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
y3
? t0 = 2 sin (A + B) . cos (A – B) + 2 sinC [–cos (A + B)]
3y  1
= 2 sin C . cos (A – B) – 2sinC . cos (A + B)
= 2 sin C [cos (A – B) – cos (A + B)]
(y  3) (3y  1)
Ÿ t0 = 2 sin C × 2 sin A sin B
(3y  1)2
= 4 sin A sin B sin C.
= R.H.S.
['(3y  1)2 t 0]
(ii) L.H.S.
Ÿ (y – 3) (3y – 1) t0 = sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C

1  cos 2B 1  cos 2C
= sin A  
2
1
Ÿ y d or, y t 3 2 2
3
1
Ÿ y does not lie between 1/3 and 3. =
2
[2 + 2 sin2 A – (cos 2B + cos 2C)]

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 TRIGONOMETRY

(iv) L.H.S.
1 § 2B  2C ·
= [2 + 2 sin2 A – 2 cos ¨ ¸
2 © 2 ¹ §A· § B· §C·
cos ¨ ¸  cos ¨ ¸  cos ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹
§ 2B  2C ·
cos ¨ ¸]
© 2 ¹
§B C· §B C·
= 1 + sin2 A – cos (B + C) . cos (B – C) § SA · ¨22¸ ¨22¸
sin ¨ ¸  2cos ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ ¨ 2 ¸ ¨ 2 ¸
= 2 – cos2 A + cosA . cos (B – C)
© ¹ © ¹
= 2 + cos A [–cos A + cos (B – C)]
= 2 + cos A [cos (B + C) + cos (B – C)]
= 2 + cos A × 2 cos B . cos C § SA · § SA· §BC· § BC·
2sin ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸  2cos ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸
= 2 + 2 cos A . cos B . cos C © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹
(iii) L.H.S.
§ SA · § SA· §SA· § BC ·
2sin ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸  2 cos ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸
§A· § B· §C· © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹
cos 2 ¨ ¸  cos2 ¨ ¸  cos 2 ¨ ¸
© ¹
2 © ¹
2 ©2¹

ª § SA · º
§ A · 1  cos B 1  cos C « sin ¨ 4 ¸ »
cos2 ¨ ¸   § S  A ·« © ¹ »
©2¹ 2 2 2 cos ¨ ¸«
© 4 ¹ § B  C ·»
«  cos ¨ ¸»
¬ © 4 ¹¼
§A· 1
1  cos 2 ¨ ¸  (cos B  cos C)
©2¹ 2

ª § BC· º
§A· 1 § BC· § BC· « sin ¨ 4 ¸ »
1  cos2 ¨ ¸  2cos ¨ ¸ .cos ¨ ¸ § S  A ·« © ¹ »
©2¹ 2 © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ 2 cos ¨ ¸«
© 4 ¹ § B  C ·»
«  cos ¨ ¸»
§A· §A· § BC · ¬ © 4 ¹¼
1  1  sin 2 ¨ ¸  sin ¨ ¸ .cos ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹ © 2 ¹

§ A ·ª § A · § B  C ·º ª ª§ S  B · § S  C · º º
2  sin ¨ ¸ «sin ¨ ¸  cos ¨ ¸» « cos «¨ ¸¨ ¸» »
© ¹¬ © ¹
2 2 © 2 ¹¼ § S  A ·« ¬© 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ ¼ »
2 cos ¨ ¸
© 4 ¹« ª§ S  C · § S  B · º »
«  cos «¨ ¸¨ ¸» »
§ A ·ª § B C · § B  C ·º «¬ ¬© 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ ¼ »¼
2  sin ¨ ¸ « cos ¨ ¸  cos ¨ 2 ¸ »
© 2 ¹¬ © 2 ¹ © ¹¼

§A· §B· § C· §SA· §SB· § SC ·

2  sin ¨ ¸ u 2sin ¨ ¸ .sin ¨  ¸ 2cos ¨ ¸ .2cos ¨ ¸ .cos ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹ © 2¹ © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹

§A· § B· §C· §SA· § SB· §SC·

2  2sin ¨ ¸ .sin ¨ ¸ .sin ¨ ¸ 4cos ¨ ¸ .cos ¨ ¸ .cos ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹ ©2¹ © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ © 4 ¹
= R.H.S.
= R.H.S.

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 TRIGONOMETRY

(v) L.H.S. Solution of Equations by Factoring

cos A  cos B  cos C  1
Example – 12
cos A  cos B  cos C  1

(cos A  cos C)  (1  cos B) Solve : 2 cos x cos 2x = cos x.

(cos A  cos C)  (1  cos B)
Sol. The given equation is equivalent to the equation cos x
(2 cos 2x – 1) = 0.
§AC· § AC· 2§B·
2cos ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸  2sin ¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ ©2¹ This equation is equivalent to the collection of equations.
§AC· § AC· 2 B·
§
2cos ¨ ¸ cos ¨ ¸  2sin ¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ ©2¹

ª S
§AC· §AC· 2§AC·
ªcos x 0, « x 2  S n, n  Z,
2cos ¨ ¸ .cos ¨ ¸  2 cos ¨ ¸ « Ÿ «
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ «cos 2x 1 , « S S
§AC· §AC· 2§AC·
¬ 2 «¬ 2x r 3  2 Sk, i.e. x r 6  Sk, k  Z.
2cos ¨ ¸ .cos ¨ ¸  2cos ¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

S S
Answer :  Sn, r  Sk (n, k Z)
§ A  C ·ª § A  C · § A  C ·º 2 6
2cos ¨ ¸ « cos ¨ ¸  cos ¨ ¸»
© 2 ¹¬ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹¼
§ A  C ·ª § A  C · § A  C ·º Solution of Equations Reducible to
2cos ¨ ¸ « cos ¨ ¸  cos ¨ ¸»
© 2 ¹¬ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹¼
Quadratic Equations

§ AC· §AC· Example – 13

cos ¨ ¸  cos ¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
§AC· §AC· Solve : 3 cos2 x – 10 cos x + 3 = 0.
cos ¨ ¸  cos ¨ ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
Sol. Assume cos x = y. The given equation assumes the form

§A· §C· 3y2 – 10y + 3 = 0.

2cos ¨ ¸ .cos ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹
1
§A· §C· Solving it, we find that y1 = , y = 3.
2sin ¨ ¸ .sin ¨ ¸ 3 2
©2¹ ©2¹

The value y2 = 3 does not satisfy the condition since |cos x | d 1.

§A· §C·
cot ¨ ¸ .cot ¨ ¸
©2¹ ©2¹ 1 1
Consequently, cos x = , x = ± cos–1 + 2Sn, n  Z
3 3
= R.H.S.

§1·
Answer : ± cos–1 ¨ ¸ + 2Sn (n  Z).
© 3¹

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 TRIGONOMETRY

Solution of Homogeneous Equations Solving Equations by Introducing an

and Equations Reducible to them Auxiliary Argument

Example – 15
Equations of the form

a 0 sin n x + a 1 sin n–1 x cos x + a 2 sin n–2 x cos 2 x

3 1
Solve : cos x  sin x 1
+ .... + an–1 sin x cosn–1 x + an cosn x = 0, 2 2

where a0, a1, ..., an are real numbers, are said to be

S S § S·
homogeneous with respect to sin x and cos x. Sol. cos cos x + sin sin x = 1, cos ¨ x – ¸ = 1,
6 6 © 6¹
Example – 14 S S
x– = 2 Sn (n Z), x = + 2Sn (n Z).
6 6
Solve : 6 sin2 x – sin x cos x – cos2 x = 3.
S
Answer : + 2 Sn (n Z).
6
Sol. 6 sin2 x – sin x cos x – cos2 x –3 (sin2 x + cos2 x) = 0.
Solving Equation by Transforming a Sum
Removing the brackets and collecting like terms, we get
of Trigonometric Functions into a Product
3 sin2 x – sin x cos x – 4 cos2 x = 0.
Example – 16

S Solve : cos 3x + sin 2x – sin 4 x = 0

Since the values x = + Sn are not roots of the equation
2
Sol. cos 3x + (sin 2x – sin 4 x) = 0
and cos x z 0, Transforming the expression in brackets by formula
D –E D E
we divide both sides of the equation by cos2 x sin D – sin E = 2 sin cos
2 2
we obtain
3 tan2 x – tan x –4 = 0,
cos 3 x + (–2 sin x cos 3 x) = 0,
cos 3x (1 – 2 sin x) = 0.
S The last equation is equivalent to the collection of
whence tan x = –1, x = – + Sn, n Z equation
4
1
cos 3x = 0, sin x = ;
2
4 4 S S S
and tan x = , x = tan–1 + Sk, k Z consequently, x =  n, x = (–1)k + Sk (n, k  Z)
3 3 6 3 6
S
The set of solution x = (–1)k + Sk (k  Z) belongs
6
S 4
Answer :  + Sn, tan–1 + Sk (n, k Z) S Sn
4 3 entirely to the set of solution x =  (n  Z).
6 3
Therefore, this set alone remains as a set of solutions.
S S
Answer :  n (n Z).
6 3

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 TRIGONOMETRY

Solving Equations by Transforming a Product Solving Equation with the Use of

of Trigonometric Functions into a sum D = 2 cos2D1
1 + cos 2D D = 2 sin2D
D – cos 2D

Example – 17 Example – 19

Solve : sin 5 x cos 3x = sin 6 x cos 2x. x

Solve : cos x – 2 sin2 = 0.
2
1
Sol. We apply formula sin D cos E = (sin DE  sin Sol. cos x – (1– cos x) = 0 Ÿ 2 cos x –1 = 0
2
DE) to both sides of the equation : 1 S
Ÿ cos x = Ÿx=± + 2Sn (nZ)
1 1 2 3
(sin 8 x + sin 2x) = (sin 8 x + sin 4x),
2 2
sin 2x – sin 4x = 0 S
Answer : r + 2 Sn (n Z).
D –E D E 3
Using formula sin D – sin E = 2 sin cos ,
2 2 Solving Equations with the Use of Formulas
we obtain –2 sin x cos 3x = 0. for Double & Triple Arguments

ª x S n, n  Z, Example – 20
ª sin x 0, Ÿ «
Ÿ« «3x S  Sk, x S S
 k, k Z.
¬ cos 3x 0, ¬ 2 6 3 x x
Solve : 2 sin cos2 x – 2 sin sin2 x = cos2 x – sin2 x.
2 2
S S
Answer :  k (n, k Z).
6 3
Sol. On the left-hand side of the equation we put the factor
Solving Equ. with the Use of x
2 sin before the parentheses :
cos D = sin D = for Lowering a Degree
2 2 2
Example – 18 x
2 sin (cos2 x – sin2 x) = cos2 x – sin2 x.
2
Solve : sin2 x + sin2 2x = 1
Replacing the expression cos 2 x – sin 2 x by cos 2x
according to formula (2), we get
1– cos 2x 1– cos 4x
Sol.  1 Ÿ cos 2x + cos 4 x = 0 Ÿ 2 cos
2 2 x
2 sin cos 2x = cos 2x,
3 x cos x = 0. 2
The last equation is equivalent to the collection of two
equations. x
or 2 sin cos 2x – cos 2x = 0
S S S 2
(a) cos 3 x = 0, 3 x = + Sn, x =  n, n  Z
2 6 3
§ x ·
S Ÿ cos 2x ¨ 2 sin – 1 ¸ = 0
(b) cos x = 0, x = + Sk, k  Z © 2 ¹
2
The set of solutions of equation (b) is a subset of the set ª S S
of solutions of (a) and, therefore, in the answer we write ª cos 2x 0, « x 4  2 n, n  Z,
only roots equation (a). Ÿ « Ÿ«
«sin x 1 , « x –1 k S  2Sk, k  Z.
S Sn ¬ 2 2 «¬
Answer :  (n Z). 3
6 3
S S S
Answer :  n, (–1)k + 2Sk (n, k Z).
4 2 3

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 TRIGONOMETRY

Solving Equations by a Change of Variable Example – 22

(a) Equations of the form P (sin x ± cos x, sin x cos x) = 0, Solve : 3 cos x + 4 sin x = 5.
where P (y, z) is a polynomial, can be solved by the
change.
x x
cos x ± sin x = t Ÿ1 ± 2 sin x cos x = t2. 1– tan 2 2 tan
Sol. 3 2 4 2 5,
Let us consider an example. 2 x 2 x
1  tan 1  tan
Example – 21 2 2

Solve : sin x + cos x = 1 + sin x cos x. x x x

3 – 3 tan2 + 8 tan = 5 + 5 tan2 ,
2 2 2
Sol. We introduce the designation sin x + cos x = t. 2
x x § x ·
Then (sin x + cos x)2 = t2, 1 + 2 sin x cos x = t2, 4 tan2 – 4 tan + 1 = 0, ¨ 2 tan –1 ¸ =0
2 2 © 2 ¹
t 2 –1
sin x cos x = . x 1 1
2 tan , x = 2 tan–1 + 2Sn, n Z
2 2 2
In the new designations the initial equation looks like
1
t 2 –1 Answer : 2 tan–1 + 2Sn, (n Z).
t=1+ or t2 – 2t + 1 = 0, (t –1)2 = 0, t = 1, 2
2
(c) Many equations can be solved by introducing a new
i.e.,
variable.
§ 1 1 ·
sin x + cos x = 1, 2¨ sin x  cos x ¸ 1, Solution of Trigonometric Eqn. of the Form
© 2 2 ¹

S S 1 f (x) = M (x)
cos cos x + sin sin x = ,
4 4 2
Example – 23
§ S· 2
cos ¨ x – ¸
© 4¹ 2 Solve : 1 – cos x sin x, x >SS@

S S
x– r  2 Sn, n Z,
4 4 ­1– cos t 0,
Sol. ®
S S ¯ sin x t 0.
x r  2 Sn, n  Z.
4 4 Under the condition that both sides of the equation are
nonnegative, we square them:
S
Answer : + 2 Sn, 2 Sn (n Z). 1 – cos x = sin2 x, 1 – cos x = 1 – cos2 x,
2
cos2 x – cos x = 0, cos x (cos x –1) = 0.
(b) Equations of the form a sin x + b cos x + d = 0, where a,
b, and d are real numbers, and a, b z0, can be solved by S
(1) cos x = 0, x = + Sn, n Z,
the change. 2
(2) cos x = 1, x = 2Sk, k Z. But since sin x t 0
x x
1– tan 2 2 tan 5S
cos x 2 , sin x 2 , and x >SS@ we leave x = 2S, .
2 x 2 x 2
1 tan 1  tan
2 2
Answer : 2S, 5S .
x zS + 2Sn (n Z) 2

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TRIGONOMETRY

Solving Equations with the Use of the Trigonometric Systems

Boundedness of the Functions sin x & cos x
Example – 25
Example – 24

§ x · § x · ­ 1
Solve : ¨ cos – 2sin x ¸ sin x  ¨ 1 sin – 2 cos x ¸ u cos x 0. °sin x cos y ,
© 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ Solve : ® 4
°¯3tan x tan y.

x x
Sol. cos sin x –2 sin2 x + cos x + sin cos x –2 cos2 x = 0.
4 4 Sol. We transform the second equation & get
3 sin x cos y – sin y cos x = 0.
§ x· 5x Substituting now the value of the product, sin x cos y
sin ¨ x  ¸ + cos x – 2 (sin2 x + cos2 x) = 0, sin + cos x = 2.
© 4¹ 4 from the first equation into the equation obtained, we
get a system.
5x
Since the functions sin and cos x have the greatest ­ 3
4
°°cos x sin y 4
5x ® .......(1)
°sin x cos y 1
value equal to 1, their sum is equal to 2 if sin =1 and
4 °̄ 4
cos x = 1 simultaneously, i.e.
Adding together the equations of system (1) and then
subtracting the first equation from the second, we get a
­ 5x ­ 5x S
° sin 1, °  2Sn, system which is equivalent to system :
Ÿ® 4 Ÿ® 4 2
°¯cos x 1, °x 2Sk n, k  Z ; ­sin x  y
¯ 1,
°
® 1 .......(2)
2 S 8S 1 4n °sin x – y ,
2Sk  n, k ¯ 2
5 5 5
whence we have
Since k  Z, it follows that n = 1 + 5m (m  Z), and then
x = 2 S + 8Sm, m Z ­ S
°° x  y 2  2 Sk,
Answer : 2 S + 8Sm, m Z ®
° x – y – S  2 Sl .......(3)
°̄ 6

and

­ S
°° x  y 2  2Sk,
®
° x – y – 5S  2 Sl .......(4)
°̄ 6

From system (3) we find

S S
x  S k l , y S k –l .
6 3
From system (4) we find
S 2S
x – S k l , y S k –l .
6 3

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