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Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra

Exercise 10.1

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Question 1:
Represent graphically a displacement of 40 km, 30° east of north.
Answer

.c
ng
hi
ac
Here, vector represents the displacement of 40 km, 30° East of North.
te
Question 2:
Classify the following measures as scalars and vectors.
ay

(i) 10 kg (ii) 2 metres north-west (iii) 40°

(iv) 40 watt (v) 10–19 coulomb (vi) 20 m/s2
Answer
yw

(i) 10 kg is a scalar quantity because it involves only magnitude.

(ii) 2 meters north-west is a vector quantity as it involves both magnitude and direction.
(iii) 40° is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude.
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(iv) 40 watts is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude.

(v) 10–19 coulomb is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude.
(vi) 20 m/s2 is a vector quantity as it involves magnitude as well as direction.
w

Question 3:
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Classify the following as scalar and vector quantities.

(i) time period (ii) distance (iii) force
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Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths

(iv) velocity (v) work done

Answer

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(i) Time period is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude.
(ii) Distance is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude.
(iii) Force is a vector quantity as it involves both magnitude and direction.
(iv) Velocity is a vector quantity as it involves both magnitude as well as direction.

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(v) Work done is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude.

Question 4:

ng
In Figure, identify the following vectors.

hi
ac
te
(i) Coinitial (ii) Equal (iii) Collinear but not equal
Answer
ay

(i) Vectors and are coinitial because they have the same initial point.

(ii) Vectors and are equal because they have the same magnitude and direction.

(iii) Vectors and are collinear but not equal. This is because although they are
yw

parallel, their directions are not the same.

Question 5:
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Answer the following as true or false.

(i) and are collinear.

(ii) Two collinear vectors are always equal in magnitude.
w

(iii) Two vectors having same magnitude are collinear.

(iv) Two collinear vectors having the same magnitude are equal.
w

Answer
(i) True.
w

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.c
ng
hi
Vectors and are parallel to the same line.

ac
(ii) False.

te
Collinear vectors are those vectors that are parallel to the same line.

ay
(iii) False.

yw
.m
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Exercise 10.2

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Question 1:
Compute the magnitude of the following vectors:

.c
Answer
The given vectors are:

ng
hi
ac
te
ay

Question 2:
yw

Write two different vectors having same magnitude.

Answer
.m
w

Hence, are two different vectors having the same magnitude. The vectors are
different because they have different directions.
w

Question 3:
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om
Question 11:

.c
Show that the vectors are collinear.
Answer

ng
hi
ac .
Hence, the given vectors are collinear.
te
Question 12:

Find the direction cosines of the vector

ay

Answer
yw

Hence, the direction cosines of

.m

Question 13:
Find the direction cosines of the vector joining the points A (1, 2, –3) and
w

B (–1, –2, 1) directed from A to B.

Answer
w

The given points are A (1, 2, –3) and B (–1, –2, 1).
w

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Question 6:

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Find the sum of the vectors .
Answer

The given vectors are .

.c
ng
Question 7:

hi
Find the unit vector in the direction of the vector .
Answer
ac
The unit vector in the direction of vector is given by .
te
ay

Question 8:
yw

Find the unit vector in the direction of vector , where P and Q are the points
(1, 2, 3) and (4, 5, 6), respectively.
Answer
The given points are P (1, 2, 3) and Q (4, 5, 6).
.m
w

Hence, the unit vector in the direction of is

w

.
w

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Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths

om
Question 9:

For given vectors, and , find the unit vector in the direction

of the vector
Answer

.c
The given vectors are and .

ng
hi
ac
Hence, the unit vector in the direction of is
te
.
ay

Question 10:

Find a vector in the direction of vector which has magnitude 8 units.

Answer
yw
.m

Hence, the vector in the direction of vector which has magnitude 8 units is
w

given by,
w
w

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om
.c
Question 11:

Show that the vectors are collinear.

ng
Answer

hi
ac .
Hence, the given vectors are collinear.
te
Question 12:

Find the direction cosines of the vector

ay

Answer
yw

Hence, the direction cosines of

.m

Question 13:
Find the direction cosines of the vector joining the points A (1, 2, –3) and
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B (–1, –2, 1) directed from A to B.

Answer
w

The given points are A (1, 2, –3) and B (–1, –2, 1).
w

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om
Hence, the direction cosines of are

.c
Question 14:

ng
Show that the vector is equally inclined to the axes OX, OY, and OZ.
Answer

hi
ac
Therefore, the direction cosines of
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Now, let α, β, and γbe the angles formed by with the positive directions of x, y, and z
axes.
ay

Then, we have
Hence, the given vector is equally inclined to axes OX, OY, and OZ.
yw

Question 15:
Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q
.m

whose position vectors are respectively, in the ration 2:1

(i) internally
(ii) externally
w

Answer
The position vector of point R dividing the line segment joining two points
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P and Q in the ratio m: n is given by:

i. Internally:
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om
ii. Externally:

.c
Position vectors of P and Q are given as:

ng
(i) The position vector of point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q
internally in the ratio 2:1 is given by,

hi
ac
(ii) The position vector of point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q
externally in the ratio 2:1 is given by,
te
ay
yw

Question 16:
Find the position vector of the mid point of the vector joining the points P (2, 3, 4) and Q
(4, 1, – 2).
Answer
.m

The position vector of mid-point R of the vector joining points P (2, 3, 4) and Q (4, 1, –
2) is given by,
w
w
w

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Question 17:

Show that the points A, B and C with position vectors, ,

om
respectively form the vertices of a right angled triangle.
Answer
Position vectors of points A, B, and C are respectively given as:

.c
ng
hi
ac
te
Hence, ABC is a right-angled triangle.
ay

Question 18:
In triangle ABC which of the following is not true:
yw
.m

A.
w

B.

C.
w

D.
w

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Answer

om
.c
On applying the triangle law of addition in the given triangle, we have:

ng
hi
ac
te
ay
yw

From equations (1) and (3), we have:

.m
w

Hence, the equation given in alternative C is incorrect.

The correct answer is C.
w
w

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om
Question 19:

If are two collinear vectors, then which of the following are incorrect:

.c
A. , for some scalar λ

B.

ng
C. the respective components of are proportional

D. both the vectors have same direction, but different magnitudes

Answer

hi
If are two collinear vectors, then they are parallel.

ac
Therefore, we have:

(For some scalar λ)

If λ = ±1, then .
te
ay
yw
.m

Thus, the respective components of are proportional.

However, vectors can have different directions.

Hence, the statement given in D is incorrect.
w

The correct answer is D.

w

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om
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths

Question 1:

.c
Find the angle between two vectors and with magnitudes and 2, respectively

ng
having .
Answer
It is given that,

hi
ac
Now, we know that te .
ay
yw

Hence, the angle between the given vectors and is .

Question 2:
.m

Find the angle between the vectors

Answer
w

The given vectors are .

w

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.c
ng
Also, we know that .

hi
Question 3:
ac
te
Find the projection of the vector on the vector .
Answer
ay

Let and .

Now, projection of vector on is given by,

yw

Hence, the projection of vector on is 0.

.m

Question 4:

Find the projection of the vector on the vector .

w

Answer

Let and .
w

Now, projection of vector on is given by,

w

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om
Question 5:

.c
Show that each of the given three vectors is a unit vector:

ng
Also, show that they are mutually perpendicular to each other.
Answer

hi
ac
te
ay
yw

Thus, each of the given three vectors is a unit vector.

.m
w
w

Hence, the given three vectors are mutually perpendicular to each other.
w

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Question 6:

om
Find and , if .
Answer

.c
ng
hi
ac
te
ay
yw

Question 7:

Evaluate the product .

.m

Answer
w
w
w

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Write two different vectors having same direction.

Answer

om
.c
ng
hi
The direction cosines of are the same. Hence, the two vectors have the same
direction.
ac
Question 4:
te
Find the values of x and y so that the vectors are equal
Answer
ay

The two vectors will be equal if their corresponding components are

equal.
Hence, the required values of x and y are 2 and 3 respectively.
yw

Question 5:
Find the scalar and vector components of the vector with initial point (2, 1) and terminal
.m

point (–5, 7).

Answer
The vector with the initial point P (2, 1) and terminal point Q (–5, 7) can be given by,
w
w

Hence, the required scalar components are –7 and 6 while the vector components are
w

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Question 10:

If are such that is perpendicular to ,

om
then find the value of λ.
Answer

.c
ng
hi
ac
Hence, the required value of λ is 8.
te
Question 11:
ay

Show that is perpendicular to , for any two nonzero vectors

Answer
yw
.m
w

Hence, and are perpendicular to each other.

w

Question 12:

If , then what can be concluded about the vector ?

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Answer

om
It is given that .

.c
Hence, vector satisfying can be any vector.

ng
Question 14:

If either vector , then . But the converse need not be true. Justify

hi
your answer with an example.
Answer

ac
te
We now observe that:
ay
yw

Hence, the converse of the given statement need not be true.

.m

Question 15:
If the vertices A, B, C of a triangle ABC are (1, 2, 3), (–1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 2), respectively,

then find ∠ABC. [∠ABC is the angle between the vectors and ]
w

Answer
The vertices of ∆ABC are given as A (1, 2, 3), B (–1, 0, 0), and C (0, 1, 2).
w

Also, it is given that ∠ABC is the angle between the vectors and .
w

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om
.c
Now, it is known that:

ng
.

hi
ac
te
Question 16:
Show that the points A (1, 2, 7), B (2, 6, 3) and C (3, 10, –1) are collinear.
ay

Answer
The given points are A (1, 2, 7), B (2, 6, 3), and C (3, 10, –1).
yw
.m
w
w

Hence, the given points A, B, and C are collinear.

w

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Question 17:

om
Show that the vectors form the vertices of a right
angled triangle.
Answer

.c
Let vectors be position vectors of points A, B, and C
respectively.

ng
Now, vectors represent the sides of ∆ABC.

hi
ac
te
ay
yw

Hence, ∆ABC is a right-angled triangle.

Question 18:
.m

If is a nonzero vector of magnitude ‘a’ and λ a nonzero scalar, then λ is unit vector if

(A) λ = 1 (B) λ = –1 (C)

w

(D)
Answer
w

Vector is a unit vector if .

w

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m
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co
g.
h in
ac
te
ay
yw
Hence, vector is a unit vector if .
.m

The correct answer is D.

w

Page 23 of 46
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w
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Exercise 10.4

om
Question 1:

Find , if and .
Answer

.c
We have,

ng
and

hi
ac
te
Question 2:

Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vector and , where

ay

and .
Answer
We have,
yw

and
.m
w
w
w

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Exercise 10.4

om
Question 1:

Find , if and .
Answer

.c
We have,

ng
and

hi
ac
te
Question 2:

Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vector and , where

ay

and .
Answer
We have,
yw

and
.m
w
w
w

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Exercise 10.4

om
Question 1:

Find , if and .

.c
Answer
We have,

ng
and

hi
ac
te
Question 2:

Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vector and , where

ay

and .
Answer
yw

We have,

and
.m
w
w
w

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Exercise 10.4

om
Question 1:

Find , if and .

.c
Answer
We have,

ng
and

hi
ac
te
Question 2:

Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vector and , where

ay

and .
Answer
yw

We have,

and
.m
w
w
w

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Exercise 10.4

om
Question 1:

Find , if and .

.c
Answer
We have,

ng
and

hi
ac
te
Question 2:

Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vector and , where

ay

and .
Answer
yw

We have,

and
.m
w
w
w

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Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths



om


   




.c
 

ng


hi

ac

te
ay




yw




.m




w

  


w


w

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Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths


om
 

.c


ng
 
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hi
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
ac 
te
  
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ay

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Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths
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    

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 
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Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

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Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths
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.
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Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]
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 www.mywayteaching.com
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths
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


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
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
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

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Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

 Class XII www.mywayteaching.com
Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths





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hi
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
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Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

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Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths


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Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

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Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths


om
.c
ng


 

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 Page 36 of 46

Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

 www.mywayteaching.com
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths




 

om
 



.c


ng
hi



ac 


te



ay




yw
.m
w
w



w

Page 37 of 46

Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

 www.mywayteaching.com
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths


 

om
.c


ng


hi

ac
 

te


ay

 


yw

 


.m


w

 
w

 
w

Page 38 of 46

Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

 www.mywayteaching.com
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths


om



.c



ng
  



hi
  

ac




te

ay

 
yw
.m
w


w

 

w

Page 39 of 46
Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]
 www.mywayteaching.com
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths




om
 



.c


ng
hi



 
ac


te
   
ay

   


yw

 

   

.m
w



w


w

Page 40 of 46

Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

 www.mywayteaching.com
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths




om


 

.c



ng
 

  

hi

ac

te
 
ay

 
yw
.m
w
w



w

Page 41 of 46

Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

 www.mywayteaching.com
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths




om
 

  


.c
 

ng


hi
   
 ac
te
ay
yw
.m
w
w


w

Page 42 of 46

Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

 Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra www.mywayteaching.com
Maths

  

om


  

.c



ng
  

 

hi


ac
te
ay




yw

   

.m

  

  

w

  

  

w

 
w

Page 43 of 46
Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]
 www.mywayteaching.com
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths

om


 

.c
ng
hi


ac
  



te
   
ay

yw

    



  

.m

 
w

  
w

Page 44 of 46
w

Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]

 www.mywayteaching.com
Class XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths


om
.c
ng
hi



ac
 

te


ay

 

yw


.m


w



w


w

   

Page 45 of 46
Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]
 www.mywayteaching.com

om
Class
 XII Chapter 10 - Vector Algebra Maths

.c
  


ng
  

hi
  

ac
 

te
ay
yw


.m

  
w



w

Page 46 of 46
Math Class 12 Chapter 10 NCERT Solution Email:[email protected]
w