SAMPLING IN RESEARCH 3.

Stratified sampling
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 The researcher divides the entire population into
different subgroups (strata), then randomly selects
Definition the final subjects proportionally from the different
Sampling refers to the method or process of strata. For example, one might divide a sample of
selecting respondents or people to answer adults into subgroups by age, like 18-29, 30-39, 40-
questions meant to yield data for a research study. 49, 50-59, and 60 and above.

History 4. Cluster Sampling

1920 – Literary Digest did a pioneering survey The researcher divides the population into separate
about American’s favorite among Presidential groups, called clusters.
candidates Then, a simple random sample of clusters is
selected from the population.
Sampling strategies were categorized into two:
probability and non-probability (Babbie 2013) Non-probability sampling
The subjects are chosen based on their availability
Types of Probability sampling or purpose of the study, and in some case, on
1. simple random the sole discretion of the researcher.
2. systematic
3. stratified 1. Quota Sampling
4. cluster You resort to quota sampling when you think you
know the characteristics of the target population
Types of Non-Probability sampling very well. Researchers can form a sample involving
1. quota individuals that represent a population and are
2. voluntary chosen according to traits or qualities.
3. availability
4. snowball 2. Voluntary Sampling
The subjects you expect to participate are the ones
Probability sampling or unbiased sampling volunteering to constitute the sample.
Involves all the members listed in the sampling
frame representing a certain population focused on 3. Purposive/Judgmental
your study. The researcher chooses the people who could
correspond to the objectives of your study, like
1. Simple Random selecting those with rich interest in your study.
Best type of probability sampling. Using a pure-
chance selection, you assure every member the 4. Availability Sampling
same opportunity to be in the sample. (Burns 2012) The willingness of a person as the subject to
a. Have a list of all the members of the population, interact with the researcher. During data collection
write each name on a card and choose cards time, you encounter people walking and show
through a pure-chance selection. willingness to answer your questions.
b. Have a list of all the members, give a number to
member and then use randomized or unordered 5. Snowball Sampling
numbers in selecting You initially contact a few potential respondents
names from the list. and then ask them whether they know of anybody
with the same characteristics that
2. Systematic sampling you are looking for in your research.
For this kind of probability sampling, chance and
system are the ones to determine who should Reference:
compose the sample. Practical Research 1
For instance, if you want to have a sample of 150, Esther L. Baraceros
you may select a set of numbers like 1 to 15 and pages 94-96
out of 1,500 students take every 15th name on the
list until you complete the total number
of respondents.