Student’s Book

Borka Lekaj Lubina Jasna Pavuna Danka Singer

NEW BUILDING BRIDGES 6

New Building Bridges 6
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moswavlis wigni
Tbilisi, 2018

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teqnikuri dizaineri lado lomsaZe

adaptacia © bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2018

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misamarTi: daviT aRmaSeneblis 150, Tbilisi 0112
tel.: 291 09 54, 291 11 65
elfosta: info@sulakauri.ge

ISBN 978-9941-30-074-5

.all rights reserved

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New Building Bridges 6

Student's Book
Profil Klett
.Zagreb, Hrvatska, 2014

Profil Klett, 2014 ©

 Borka Lekaj Lubina
Jasna Pavuna
Danka Singer

NEW BUILDING BRIDGES 6

udžbenik engleskoga jezika sa zvučnim CD-ima
za 6. razred osnovne škole, 6. godina učenja
CONTENTS
UNIT TOPICS, SKILLS AND FUNCTIONS LANGUAGE IN FOCUS PAGE

Unit 1 WORDS, WORDS, WORDS 7

Lesson 1 First day at school Verb to be 8

Nice to See You Have / has got
Again!

Lesson 2 Describing a person Personal pronouns (subject and object) 12

Pete, Shark and
Russell

Lesson 3 Life in Australia Ordinal numbers 14

Photos from Down Australian animals this / these / that / those
Under Culture Corner Waltzing Matilda Plural of nouns
(traditional song)
Across the Curriculum Geography, science

Lesson 4 School subjects have to / not have to / mustn’t 18

School Mix Talking about obligations at school and at
home
Everyday English Polite requests May I…?
Learning strategy: using dictionaries and
dealing with new vocabulary

Cindy’s Reader English as a common language Revision of unit structures 22

The Life and Death of Word borrowing
Words Across the Curriculum Georgian,
geography

For my portfolio Projects 1/ Australia 2/ English words in Georgian 24

Now I can (self-evaluation)

Unit 2 FAMILIES 25

Lesson 1 Popular science: talking about twins The present simple (I, you, we, they) – 26
The Amazing World Culture Corner Twins Days festival affirmative and negative
of Twins

Lesson 2 Asking personal questions The present simple (I, you, we, they) – 30
A Family of Friends Friendship yes / no questions and wh-questions
Good manners

Lesson 3 Family The present simple (he, she, it) – affirmative 34

Similar or Different? Cultural differences and negative
Expressing frequency Adverbs of frequency

Lesson 4 Family life and family routines The present simple (he, she, it) – 38
The Perfect Family? Expressing belonging yes / no questions and wh-questions
Possessive adjectives
Possessive pronouns

Cindy’s Reader A book report Revision of unit structures 42

Lisa and Lottie – Across the Curriculum Georgian
A Book Report

For my portfolio Projects 1/ A family tree 2/ A film report 44

Now I can (self-evaluation)

Unit 3 TV, FILMS, SCHOOL CLUBS AND TELEPHONE CALLS 45

Lesson 1 TV and TV programmes Prepositions of time 46

What’s on TV? Everyday English Telling the time The present continuous – affirmative and
negative

Lesson 2 Telephoning The present continuous – questions and 50

Three Phone Calls Everyday English Talking about your plans short answers
and One Text for the week The present continuous for future plans
Message
UNIT TOPICS, SKILLS AND FUNCTIONS LANGUAGE IN FOCUS PAGE

Lesson 3 Films and film genres The present simple and the present 54
We Love Films! Across the Curriculum Georgian continuous contrasted

Lesson 4 Extra-curricular activities like + -ing 58

School Clubs Sports
Everyday English Expressing likes and
dislikes

Cindy’s Reader The book and the films Revision of unit structures 60
The Hobbit

For my portfolio Projects 1/ Clocks 2/ Top ten films 62

Now I can (self-evaluation)

Unit 4 PLACES 63

Lesson 1 Homes, rooms and furniture there is / there are 64

Rooms Prepositions of place
Articles

Lesson 2 At an airport Comparison of short adjectives 68

Out and About In a gallery
Culture Corner The National Gallery
in London

Lesson 3 Art Comparison of long adjectives 72

Three Famous Across the Curriculum Art Irregular comparison
Paintings

Lesson 4 London sights Going to future (1) 76

Plans Intentions

Cindy’s Reader Talking about the place where you live Revision of unit structures 80
Osijek

For my portfolio Projects 1/ Vincent 2/ A museum 82

Now I can (self-evaluation)

Unit 5 WHO WAS WHO? 83

Lesson 1 Talking about the past The past simple of the verb to be 84
The Photo Album Describing childhood photos

Lesson 2 Famous people from the past The past simple of regular and irregular 88
“Clue Me In” Quiz Jobs verbs – affirmative
Across the Curriculum History, music, art,
Georgian, science

Lesson 3 Famous women from the past The past simple – negative, questions and 92
Seven Ladies Jobs short answers
and a Dog Across the Curriculum History, science, More irregular verbs
Georgian

Lesson 4 Talking about past events The past simple – all forms 96
Pete’s Alibi Discussing ethical issues More irregular verbs
Everyday English Apologising and
accepting an apology
Cheering somebody up

Cindy’s Reader A detective story Revision of unit structure 100

Miss Agatha
Investigates
The Case of the Pink
Teddy Bear

For my portfolio Projects 1/ A famous person from the past 2/ The mystery person game 102
Now I can (self-evaluation)
UNIT TOPICS, SKILLS AND FUNCTIONS LANGUAGE IN FOCUS PAGE

Unit 6 THE AMERICAN DREAM 103

Lesson 1 Describing past events The past simple – orthographical changes 104
The Big Star Child film stars Past and present tenses contrasted
Adverbs of time
More irregular verbs

Lesson 2 Facts about the USA Past and present tenses contrasted 108
Zack’s USA Quiz Across the Curriculum Geography, history Reading numbers, fractions and
percentages

Lesson 3 Columbus and the discovery of America Prepositions of time 112

The Captain Reading maps Reading dates and years
Across the Curriculum History, geography More irregular verbs

Lesson 4 The Wild West Contrasting tenses 116

Sitting Bull and American Indians: legends and facts, past
the Sioux and present
Everyday English Telling a story
Culture Corner Oh My Darling, Clementine
(traditional song)
Across the Curriculum History

Cindy’s Reader Animals Revision of unit structures 120

“All-American”
Animals

For my portfolio Projects 1/ Famous explorers and great discoveries 2/ Making your own quiz on Georgia, 122
the UK or Australia
Now I can (self-evaluation)

Unit 7 WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS 123

Lesson 1 Life on Earth in the future Will future 124

What Will the Future Predicting the future Time phrases used for the future
Be Like? Everyday English Expressing an opinion,
agreeing, disagreeing

Lesson 2 Protecting the environment Will for promises and decisions 128
I Promise I’ll Change! Across the Curriculum Science must / mustn’t
Lesson 3 Eating habits Countable and uncountable nouns 132
Healthy Habits Across the Curriculum Science How much…? / How many…?
some / any
Lesson 4 Gossip Going to future (2) 136
Nosy Suzy Finds Out Holidays
Everyday English Talking about future
plans

Cindy’s Reader Describing bridges Revision of unit structures 140

Building Bridges Across the Curriculum Art, geography

For my portfolio Projects 1/ Save the planet 2/ Endangered animals in Georgia 142
Now I can (self-evaluation)

APPENDIX 143

Halloween 144

Christmas 146

St Valentine’s Day 148

Easter 150

Wordlist 152

List of irregular verbs 163

 1
WORDS,
,
In this unit you will...
meet Ana's friends from the Club
again, and a new pupil, Russell. W O R D S
WORDS
learn about Australia, its people,
schools and animals.
read and talk about school subjects.
discuss what you have to do, and don't
have to do, at school and at home.
learn why dictionaries are useful, and learn
how to make your own vocabulary book.
discuss why people learn English, and name
a few words in English that came from
other languages.
 1.1
U AGAIN!
TO SE E YO
NICE
A It’s the first day of school. Look
at the picture and answer
the questions.
1 What’s the time?
2 Where are the children?
3 What are they doing?
4 What are they wearing?

Pete and a new pupil

Cindy
Ana and

Zack an
d Carlo
s
lliot
Sam and E

B What do you remember about Ana and her friends from last year?

C Complete the text with the words below.

beginning begins first January New start

It's school time again! The day back at school isn’t just another day. It is
special, a bit like Year’s Day. It is the of the new year – school
year, not calendar year. For pupils and teachers, each year in September and
ends in June. But not everywhere. Australian children the school year in late
or early February. They finish in mid-December.

8
 Reading
D Read what some pupils calm excited happy Why?
say about their first day nervous sad scared
back at school. Which of
worried
the kids feels like this:
track 01

1 ROY 4 CHEN
I love the first day back at school. When I’m on holiday, I can
I’m happy because I see my old go to bed when I like and
friends after a long time. We talk sleep late in the morning.
about our summer holidays. We When school starts, I have to
haven’t got any real lessons. That’s cool. wake up early and get ready for
school. The night before school
starts, I’m scared that I might
oversleep and be late.
2 AMY
The first day of school
makes me a little sad. It 5 ROGER
means that the holidays I’m new at this school. It’s my
are over. We aren’t free any first day. I’m very nervous. I
more. We can’t play all day. I’m haven’t got any friends here.
worried when I think about studying, I hope the teachers are nice. I
homework and tests! hope these kids like me. I have to
go to the headteacher’s office.

3 PAMELA
I’m always excited about the 6 STELLA
beginning of the school year. I look The first day back
at the pictures in my new books. I buy at school?
new pens, notebooks and other school So what? It’s just
stuff. This year I have a new backpack. like any other day.
I always wear something new on the first day I’m totally calm.
– a new T-shirt, trainers or a new bracelet.

E Do you agree with any of the kids? Which ones? How do you feel on the first day back at
school?

SPEAKING
F Work with a partner. Look at your new English book. Find the answers to these
questions as quickly as possible.

1 How many units are there?

2 How many lessons has each unit got?
3 Where can you find what the new words mean?
4 What is on page 163?
5 Which unit is about the future?
6 Which page has interesting pictures?

9
 READING
G Read the dialogues. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones.
1 Zack and Carlos have got all their school stuff.
2 Sam is glad that school is starting.
track 02
3 Ana and Cindy are interested in the new boy.
4 Pete has got an interesting question for the new pupil.

1 2
Zack: I haven’t got Elliot: What’s
my school the time?
stuff.
Sam: Ten to nine.
Carlos: So what? You School starts
don’t need it. It’s in ten minutes. Don’t be
the first day. nervous.
Zack: Have you got an extra pen? Elliot: I’m not nervous. How many
Carlos: No, I haven’t. Ask Elliot. He’s got lessons have we got today?
his backpack. He’s prepared, as Sam: Not many, I hope. I’m sorry
usual. the holidays are over.
Zack: What have you got in the paper Elliot: Pete looks very excited. I
bag? There’s something moving wonder why.
inside.
Sam: It isn’t because of school. He
Carlos: Oh, never mind that. Let’s go and isn’t mad about school.
talk to Sam and Elliot.
Elliot: It seems he’s got a new friend.

3 4
Ana: Do you Pete: Hello. I’m Pete.
know that You’re new, aren’t
boy over you? What’s your
there? name?
Cindy: No, I don’t. Russell: Russell. Nice to meet
He’s new. you.
Ana: He looks a bit like Russell Pete: Nice to meet you, too. Aren’t
Rogers. you the famous Australian actor?
Cindy: You mean the famous child Russell: Yes, I am. But shush, please.
actor? By the way, can you help me?
Ana: Is he American? Where is the headteacher’s office?
Cindy: No, he isn’t. I think he’s Pete: Oh, I know that very well. Follow me.
Australian. Russell: Thanks.
Ana: We’ve got a film star in our Pete: Have you got lots of sharks in
school! Australia?
Cindy: Are you sure? Russell: Sharks?

H Choose one of the dialogues and act it out.

10
 THE PRESENT SIMPLE OF TO BE – Affirmative and negative

I am / ‘m am not / ‘m not nervous.

You are / ‘re are not / aren’t calm.

interested.
He / She / It (The school) is / ‘s is not / isn’t
open.
We / You / They are / ‘re are not / aren’t prepared.

yes / NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS

Are you from Australia? Yes, I am.   No, I’m not.
Is Elliot nervous? Yes, he is.   No, he isn’t.
Are Ana and Cindy sure about Russell? Yes, they are.    No, they aren’t.

HAVE / HAS GOT – Affirmative and negative

I a pen.
have (got) / ‘ve got have not got / haven't got
You a backpack.
a nice smile.
He / She / It has (got) / ‘s got has not got / hasn’t got
a big door.

We / You / They have (got) / ‘ve got have not got / haven’t got homework.

Yes / no QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS

Have you got a spare pen? Yes, I have.    No, I haven’t.
Has Ana got new shoes? Yes, she has.    No, she hasn’t.
Have they got English today? Yes, they have.  No, they haven’t.

I Look at the pictures and dialogues in Task G. Complete the text with the correct form of
to be or to have.

Carlos and Zack their school stuff. They prepared for school. Zack
a pen. But it only the first day. Sam a watch. They
ten minutes before school starts. Elliot says he nervous, but maybe he .
Ana thinks the new boy a famous child actor, but she sure. he
American? No, he . He’s Australian. “ you Russell Rogers?“, Pete asks
the new boy. “Yes, I .”, the new boy answers. Russell happy. It
a new school for him and he any friends.

SPEAKING
J Work in pairs. Take turns to ask each other questions and answer them.

A 1 What’s the day today? B 1 What’s the time now?

2 Is today the first day of school? 2 Is this the first lesson today?
3 Are you new at this school? 3 Are you sorry that the holidays are over?

11
 1.2AR K AN D
PETE , S H
RU SS EL L
WORDSPOT
1 You’re stuck-up! 4 I’m warning you.
A Can you translate these 2 I bet you don’t know. 5 I’m counting on you.
sentences into Georgian? 3 You talk behind my back. 6 What do you mean?

READING
You don't talk to me at school. Why not? I'm not
B Read the letter and stupid. I've got great ideas and I'm good at Sport.
decide if it is: Who do you tHink you ARe? You're just stucK-up
a) a Christmas card, and Silly! Maybe I don't want to be a member of your
b) a coded message or Club, after all.
c) a love letter. I've got a new frieNd. Nobody EVEn tRies to speak
to him, except me.
You just look at us. I bet you talk behind our backs.
But you have no idea who he really is. He is rich and
famous. Ana and Cindy probably know. Ask them.
They can tell you. Maybe Ella knows. Ask her.
Just remember, even when you can't see me, I can
See you. I folLow you EvEry Place you go. I watch
you all the time. I'm warning you, this is not the end.
Do you know who I am, Zack? You are clever! I'm
counting on you.
Can you read the whole letter, Sam? You are a great
detective!

16.5.20.5
Listening
C The members of the Heart and Brain Mystery Club are together again. Ana, Zack and
Sam are talking about the letter. Can you work out the secret message that is in
the letter? Listen and find out.
track 03 Sam: Wait a minute. There’s a secret message. Look at the .
Ana: Give me the letter, detective.
Zack: So?
Ana: The message is:
.
Zack: Very clever, Ana.

12
 D Put the children’s conversation into the correct order. Then listen and check.

Zack: Let me see... The numbers say “Pete”. Ana: Are you sure the letter is from
Ana: Clever, Zack. Pete? There isn’t a name here.
track 04 Just some numbers: 16.5.20.5.
Ana: What do you mean?
1 Sam: I think it’s another letter from Pete. Sam: Is it a password, perhaps?
It’s just like the letter we got last year.
Zack: It’s a very simple code. Every letter
of the alphabet has a number. A is 1
and Z is 26. So P is 16, E is 5, T is 20
and then again E, which is 5.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

SUBJECT FORM OBJECT FORM

I’ve got great ideas. Why don’t you talk to me?
You are so clever! I’m counting on you.
He’s my new friend. Nobody speaks to him.
She knows. Ask her.
It is a secret message. Can you understand it?
We talk. You look at us.
You talk behind our backs. This is a message for you.
They can tell you. Ask them.

E Carlos, Elliot, Cindy and Ella are talking about Russell and Pete. Choose the correct
word. Then listen and check.
Carlos: So what do you think about Russell Rogers?
track 05 Elliot: I’m not sure. If you ask me / I, he’s stuck-up.
Cindy: No, he isn’t. Ana says he’s friendly and open.
Elliot: Yes, he’s nice to him / her because she’s a girl.
Ella: He’s got a nice smile.
Elliot: He’s got big teeth.
Ella: That’s not true. Let’s invite Russell to the Club.
He can tell we / us about actors and his travels.
Elliot: Are you girls in love with he / him? Are you in love
with Pete, too? Do you want to invite Pete, too?
Cindy: Why not? Remember, he wants to be our friend.
Elliot: Russell and Pete? I don’t want them / they in the Club.
Carlos: Stop, everybody! I can’t listen to you / them. Let’s wait and see what happens.

YOUR TURN!
F Write a secret message in the alphabet code. Show it to your friends. How quickly can
they read the message?

13
 1.3
FROM DO WN
PHOTOS
UNDER
WORDSPOT
East
A Fill in the missing words: Africa West
Europe
1 Spring, summer, , winter. autumn
2 North, South, , .
3 Asia, Antarctica, Australia, , , South America, North America.

B Look at the pictures and

match the sentences below. 3
2
Then listen and check.

track 06 1

5
4 6

The first photo shows koalas.

The second photo shows Australian Aboriginal people and a boomerang.
The third photo shows the School of the Air.
The fourth photo shows the Sydney Opera House.
The fifth photo shows where Australia is.
The sixth photo shows children on the beach at Christmas.

C Listen again and circle the correct answer.

1 Australia is called Down Under / Up Over. 4 In the School of the Air you have classes
2 The capital of Australia is Canberra / at home / in a plane.
track 06 Sydney. 5 A boomerang is an animal / a tool.
3 Russell goes swimming / skiing for 6 Aboriginal people are the native people /
Christmas. the mountains of Australia.

14
 THIS / THAT / THESE / THOSE

These are
kangaroos,
This is me, and and those
that is Sydney are koala
behind me. bears.

D Look at the pictures. Circle the correct answer.

1 2 3
ian
Pa

Ind
cif
ic

Look at this / these children. This / These are Aboriginal people

This / These is Australia. That / Those radio over there and that / those is
is their teacher. a boomerang over there.

E Look around the classroom and make one sentence with each word: this, that, these and
those.

SPEAKING
F Look at the pictures in Task B again. How much do you remember about Australia? Pick one
picture and talk about it. Start like this: This is a picture of… or In this picture you can see....

G What about you? Answer the questions.

1 Would you like to have a New Year party on the beach?
2 Would you like to go to the School of the Air? Why?
3 Why do you think Aboriginal people invented the boomerang?
4 Do you like the Sydney Opera House?
5 Someone asks you to spend a year in Sydney. Will you go? Say
why.
6 Have you heard of an emu bird or a duckbilled platypus? If you
would like to know more about them, turn the page and read
Carlos’s project on Australian animals.

15
 READING
H Carlos is doing a project on
Australian animals. But all the
photos are mixed up. Can you
match them to the texts?
track 07

1 An emu is a bird, but it can’t fly because it is very tall 4 Koalas are called bears because they
and big. It has three special toes on its feet, so it can look like teddy bears, but they are
run fast and even swim. not bears. They live in the trees and
eat leaves. They spend most of their
lives sleeping.
2 This strange animal is called a duckbilled platypus.
It is a mammal, but it has a beak and feet like a duck.
Do you know what it is called in your language?
5 They look like dogs, but are they
dogs? They don’t bark like them.
They howl like wolves, but they are
3 Kangaroos are symbols of Australia. They can’t really not wolves. They don’t like men
walk; they only hop around. Their babies, who are and they can’t be pets. They are
called joeys, live in their mothers’ pouches. dingoes, the Australian wild dogs.

I Finish the sentences.

1 An emu is a bird, but… 4 Dingoes look like dogs, but they…
2 Koalas are called bears because… 5 Kangaroos’ babies…
3 A duckbilled platypus is called… in Georgian.

PLURAL OF NOUNS

bear bears man men

pouch, fox, dingo pouches, foxes, dingoes woman women
baby babies child children
wolf wolves foot feet

J What is the plural of: story, policewoman, box, animal, leaf, tooth? What is the singular
of: policemen, watches, potatoes, lives, children?
16
 CULTURE

Waltzing Matilda

CORNER
K Read about the song. What is “Matilda”?

Waltzing Matilda is Australia’s famous country folk song. Its title means “to travel on
foot with Matilda (a bag) on your back”. The song tells the story of a worker who is
making tea in a camp when he sees a sheep who comes to the lake to drink some
water. He catches the sheep in his “Matilda”. When the sheep’s owner comes with three
policemen, the worker jumps into the lake and drowns. You can still hear his ghost near
the lake.

L Look at the text of Waltzing Matilda and sing along.

There are some words in Once a jolly swagman camped by a billabong,

the song that are used only Under the shade of a coolibah tree,
track 08 in Australian English. And he sang as he watched and waited till his billy boiled:
“Who’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me?”
billabong - a little lake
near a river Waltzing Matilda, waltzing Matilda,
”You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me”,
billy - a tin for boiling water
And he sang as he watched and waited till his billy boiled:
coolibah tree - a kind of “You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me.”
eucalyptus tree
jumbuck - a sheep Down came a jumbuck to drink at that billabong,
Up jumped the swagman and grabbed him with glee.
squatter - farmer
And he sang as he shoved that jumbuck in his tucker bag:
swagman - a man who “You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me.”
travels the country
looking for work Waltzing Matilda, waltzing Matilda,
troopers - policemen “You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me”,
And he sang as he shoved that jumbuck in his tucker bag:
tucker bag - a bag for
“You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me.”
carrying food
Up rode the squatter, mounted on his thoroughbred.
Down came the troopers, one, two, and three.
“Whose is that jumbuck you’ve got in your tucker bag?
You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me.”

Waltzing Matilda, waltzing Matilda,

“You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me.”
“Whose is that jumbuck you’ve got in your tucker bag?
You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me.”

Up jumped the swagman and sprang into the billabong,

Drowning himself by the coolibah tree,
And his ghost may be heard as you pass by that billabong:
“Who’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me?”

Waltzing Matilda, waltzing Matilda,

“You’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me”,
And his ghost may be heard as you pass by that billabong:
“Who’ll come a-waltzing Matilda, with me?”

17
 1.4
OL MI X
SCHO
WORDSPOT art ucation) Fre n c h
geography RE (religious ed
A Circle the school
Italian maths Spanish music
subjects you have Russian English
P.E. (physical ed
this year. ucation)
German science history

B Where can you hear these sentences? Match them with the school subjects:
1 music 2 history 3 geography 4 Croatian 5 P.E. 6 science

The capital of the USA is Washington. In the Stone Age, people lived in caves.
This is a story about a boy called Hlapić. Mozart was a great composer.
Pass the ball and run back! A whale is not a fish, but a mammal.

READING 3
…is the most popular
sport in the world. Teams
C Read these pieces of texts from different consist of eleven players
textbooks. What subjects are they from? and play against other
teams in their league. To
win, you have to score…
track 09 1
... are the best hunters
in the sea. They are
very big; some are 8 4
metres long. Their ... are big seas. Earth has got
teeth are very sharp. three oceans. They are the Indian
But you don’t have to Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and
be afraid: people are the Pacific Ocean. There are
not their favourite seven continents. They are…
food. They eat...

2
... Mona Lisa is now in
the Louvre Museum in 5
... you can see Egyptian
Paris. She attracts a lot
mummies. When important
of tourists who try to
men or women died, their
find out the mystery of
families prepared their bodies
her smile. This famous
and buried them in…
picture was painted by...

D Can you write the beginning or the end of one of these texts?

18
 HAVE TO / DON’T HAVE TO Expressing obligation and no obligation

HAVE TO DON’T (DOESN’T) HAVE TO

In football, to win, you have to score a goal. You don’t have to be afraid.
I / you / we / they have to learn a lot. I / you / we / they don’t have to do it.
He / she / it has to learn a lot. He / she / it doesn’t have to do it.

BE CAREFUL!

You use have to to say that something is your “You don’t have to do it.” means it is not
obligation. It means you don’t have a choice: you necessary. You can do it but you don’t have to,
have to follow the rules. it is up to you.
Have to is similar to must. “You mustn’t do it!” has a different
meaning. It means it is against the rules or
that it is bad for you.

E What school subjects is Ana talking about?

I have to take my watercolours and crayons with me.

I have to read about the North and South Pole.
I have to take my trainers to school. P.E.
I have to learn about Ancient Rome.
I have to listen to Mozart.
I have to practice geometry.
I have to read about koalas.

SPEAKING
F Work in pairs. Think about what you have to or don’t have to do at school and at home.

This week at school... This week at home...

do English homework / study history make the table / help with dinner
study mathematics / learn a poem by heart help with the dishes / call my grandparents
practise English words / do a project tidy up the room / take out the rubbish
draw / go to training / read a book for school look after my pet / go to bed early

G Tell your partner what you have to do this week. Take turns to ask each other about your
obligations.

A I have to study history. B No, I don’t. I have to study maths.

Do you have to study history? Do you have to tidy up your room?

19
 H Where do these sentences go? Write the numbers in the speech balloons. Then listen
and check.
1 I'm sorry I'm late. 2 Nice to meet you, too. 3 Excuse me, may I ask a question?
track 10 Good morning,
Really? teacher.
Nice to meet Welcome to
you, Russell. our school.
Russell is
This is Russell,
from Australia,
our new pupil.
you know.

1 Thank you.
It’s OK this
time, but don’t
be late again.
Thank you,
What does
teacher.
“emu” mean?

Go ahead, Ana.
It’s a bird.
It lives in
Australia.
You’re
welcome.
2
I Choose a dialogue and act it out with a partner.

J Put these dialogues in the right order. Listen and check. Act out the dialogues with
a partner.

track 11
Dialogue 1 Dialogue 2

1 Hello. Is this Ms Krnaisky’s class? I’m Ana. Nice to meet you, Tom.
Of course. Come in. You can sit right here. Hello. I’m Tom. What’s your name?
Yes, it is. And who are you? Nice to meet you, too, Ana.
I’m Tom, a new pupil. May I come in?
Thank you.
6 You’re welcome.

EVERYDAY ENGLISH / MAY for polite requests

May I ask a question, Miss? May I go out?
When we want to be very polite instead of “Can I…?”, we say “May I…?”.

K Change Can I into May I.

1 Can I borrow your pencil? 4 Can I use a pencil in the test?
2 Can I say something? 5 Can I turn on the lights?
3 Can I read the homework? 6 Can I borrow your dictionary?
20
 LEARNING TO LEARN - DICTIONARIES ARE FUN!

dictionary /²dˆk¡œnœri/ a book that lists the words of a language in alphabetical order and gives
their meaning, or tells you what they mean in a different language.

L What do you think: are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
Read the text and find out.
1 Dictionaries tell you the meaning of a word.
2 Dictionaries can’t help you with grammar.
3 The strange symbols in the dictionary are there for fun.
4 There are many types of dictionaries.
5 The words in a dictionary are in alphabetical order.

Dictionaries tell you the meanings of the words in your

language or in English. In a dictionary you can see strange
/streˆnd¢/ symbols. What do they mean? They tell you how to
say (pronounce) the word.
There are many types of dictionaries: some are books and some
are electronic, which means you need a computer to use them.
They can be on a CD or online. There are also picture dictionaries for
small children and special dictionaries for doctors, engineers, etc.
How can you find a word in a dictionary? The words are in alphabetical order, starting from the
letter A.
Believe it or not, dictionaries can help you with grammar, too. They tell you that the plural of
child is children or that the past simple of go is went.
Dictionaries are useful, dictionaries are helpful, dictionaries are fun!

M Can you match each word with its explanation?

1 koala /kœ™²†°lœ/  person who has been in Australia

a
from earliest times
2 boomerang /²bu:mœræ©/ a long-bodied fish with sharp teeth
3 Aborigine /³æbœ²rˆd¢œni/ a bear-like Australian animal that has
thick grey fur and eats eucalyptus leaves
4 shark /¡†°k/ a curved flat piece of wood that you
can throw, and then it returns to
the thrower

YOUR TURN!
N Say what is true for you. What about your partner?

1 I’ve got a dictionary at home. 4 I use the wordlist at the end of the book.
2 I often use my dictionary. 5 I think dictionaries are useful.
3 I use an online dictionary. 6 I think dictionaries are fun.

And how about your schoolmates? Do they have dictionaries? Do they use them?

21
 THELIFEANDDEATH
OF WORDS
WORDSPOT
row to communicate to ex
A Look up these words in the to bor ist
wordlist at the end of the book. common
a speaker

B Read the three texts and choose the right title for each text.
DYING LANGUAGES
WHY ENGLISH?
BORROWING FROM OTHER LANGUAGES

Why do we learn English? Today it is very important for people from

all over the world to speak and communicate with each other. How
can we do that? One of the ways is to use a language that many
people understand. This is why a lot of people, who speak their own
languages, such as Georgian, Italian, Japanese, etc., learn English
at school. If they speak English, they can speak to and understand
people from other countries.

Languages change. Every year there are a lot of new words. For
example, some years ago there were no words such as computer
or smartphone. Why? Because they did not exist. Sometimes we
borrow words from other languages: English borrows many words
from French (for example, cream and horrible), Italian (for example,
opera and violin) and Spanish (for example, mosquito and guitar).
It also borrows some words from Chinese (tea) and Japanese
(karate). The word hamburger is borrowed from German, jaguar
from Portuguese, and zero from Arabic languages. Chocolate
comes from Mexican Aztec Indians, coffee from Turkish, kangaroo
and boomerang from Australian English, robot from Czech, jungle
and pyjamas from Indian.
Today many languages borrow words from English. Georgian also
borrows words from English. Sometimes, too many – people say.
What do you think?

CINDY’S
READER
There are about 6,500 “living” languages in the world. We say
“living” because every two weeks a language dies. How can a
language die? Simply, when people stop speaking it. It’s sad, isn’t it?

22
 The wo
rd “mo
comes sq
from S uito”
panish
.
The word
“pyjamas”
comes fro
m Indian.
The word “robot” The word “violin”
comes from Czech. comes from Italian.

C Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones.
1 People from all over the world learn English to understand each other.
2 English borrows words from other languages.
3 Georgian doesn’t borrow words from English.
4 Languages die because people borrow words from other languages.

D Where do these words come from? Match the words and the languages.
1 horrible, cream Italian 5 tea, ketchup Portuguese
2 guitar, mosquito French 6 karate, karaoke Indian
3 zero, alcohol Spanish 7 jaguar, marmalade Chinese
4 spaghetti, opera Arabic 8 jungle, pyjamas Japanese

SPEAKING

E What do you think?

1 Why is it important to learn English?
2 Would you like to learn some more
languages? Which ones? Why?
3 Do you think some languages are more
difficult than others? Why?
4 Do you think that some languages are
more beautiful than others?
5 Why do people borrow words from other
languages?
6 Can you think of ten words that the
Georgian language has borrowed from
English?
7 Do you think we can stop languages from
dying? How?

23
 For my
portfolio My learning diary

What do you think about this unit?

1/ Why is it called “Words, Words, Words”?

PROJECTS 2/ I think this unit is (tick what is true for you):

easy.
Choose one project not very easy.
and do it in a group.
difficult.

3/ What was easy? What was difficult?

1/ Australia 4/ I like lesson best.

Get into groups and write 5/ In this unit I don't like .

what you know about 6/ My favourite word(s) from this unit is (are):
Australia; where it is, its .
people, its animals. Use your
Workbook and the Internet
for more information. Add Circle what you can do after this unit.
some interesting photos.
Make a poster, put it on I CAN I NEED MORE PRACTICE
the class wall or pinboard and
give a short presentation.
I can describe how I feel on the first day of school.

I can say and write something about Australia,

2/ English words its people, schools and animals.

in georgian I can talk about school subjects.

Get into groups. Think
about English words in I can say what I have to and don't have
Georgian. Ask your teacher, to do at school and at home.
parents and friends for
some more. List them on I can use polite language when talking to my friends
the poster. Then translate or a teacher.
them into Georgian if
possible (e.g. shopping I can use a dictionary.
– yidva). Discuss with
your classmates if they are I can make my own vocabulary book.
pronounced and spelled
correctly. Say what you I can say why people learn English.
prefer; English or Georgian
version? I can name a few words the English language borrows
from other languages.

24
2
I L I E S
FAM

u will...
In this unit yo .
lk about twins
read and ta ete.
te n to a n in terview with P
lis iend.
d o u t if yo u are a good fr
fi n .
ood manners
talk about g .
e in the family
talk about lif eir families
a d a b o u t c hildren and th
re t cou ntries.
from differen lliot.
te n to a n in terview with E
lis ers
ing with broth
talk about liv
and sisters.
 2.1
HE A MAZ ING
T F T WINS
WORL D O
WORDSPOT
A Do you know these words and phrases?
Check them in the wordlist. to look alike
to get alo
to compete ng with s similar
omebody
an only child
twins identical

B Match the sentences that mean the same.

1 I like competing.  hey look like each other.

T
2 She is an only child. They are interested in almost the same things.
3 They are identical twins. She hasn’t got any brothers or sisters.
4 They are twins. They were born out of the same egg in their mother.
5 They really look alike, don’t they? My brother and I have a good relationship.
6 They like similar things. They were born at the same time to the same mother.
7 My brother and I get along well. 1 I try to do everything better than other people.

SPEAKING

C What do you think? Finish these sentences and

discuss them.
It is good to be an only child because…
It is good to have a younger brother or sister because…
It is fun to have a twin brother / sister because…
It is good to have an older brother or sister because…

D What do you think? Are these sentences

about twins true?
1 Twins always compete with each other.
2 Twins have special powers.
3 Twins look alike, and no one can
tell who is who.
4 Twins should always be in different
classes, so they can learn to live
without each other.
5 Twins are always best friends.

26
 Reading
E Dr Green is an expert on twins. Read what she says. Were you correct?
Match Dr Green’s answers to the sentences in Task D.

track 01
ASK DR GREEN ABOUT... TWINS
Dr Green: Not always. Sometimes it is better Dr Green: There are stories about twins who
for young twins to be together in class, but feel each other’s pain, finish each other’s
they can work in different sentences and guess what the other twin is
groups of children. thinking. But sometimes husbands and wives,
Some twins are really brothers and sisters, good
sad when they are in friends, who are similar
different classes. and spend lots of
SENTENCE time together, can
do the same.
SENTENCE
Dr Green: Most twins get along
well with each other. But they
also enjoy playing with other Dr Green: Some twins
kids, just like any children. really look alike, but some don’t. Even
SENTENCE identical twins show small differences. When
you know twins well,
you can tell who is
Dr Green: Twins compete with who. Their parents
each other just like any children. It is true that can always tell
some twins compare and compete with each who is who.
other, but many others don’t. As they grow
SENTENCE
up, they no longer feel
the need to compare
themselves with their
twin brother or sister.
SENTENCE

F Find sentences or parts of sentences in the text which show that…

1 it is not a good idea to put twins in different classes at school.
2 twins are not best friends just because they are twins.
3 twins do not compete with each other when they grow up.
4 twins are never completely the same.
5 some twins have special powers.

YOUR TURN!
G Answer the questions.
1 Do you know any twins?
2 Are they best friends?
3 What do they look like?
4 Do they get along well with each other?

27
 We always compete
H Match the twins. We always talk to with each other.
each other about our
I've got blue eyes problems.
and brown hair, and
a twin brother.

Daniel
Joanna
Our teachers can't
Kevin
tell who is who.
I want to be
I share my better than my
secrets with brother.
my twin sister.

Clive
Jacob
Samuel

THE PRESENT SIMPLE (I, YOU, WE, THEY) – Affirmative and negative

I share my secrets with my twin sister. I do not (don’t) share my secrets with my twin sister.
You want to be better than me. You do not (don’t) want to be better than me.
We always talk to each other. We do not (don’t) always talk to each other.
Twins compete with each other. Twins do not (don’t) compete with each other.

I Jane and Tom are twins, but they are very different. Read what Jane says about herself,
and then make opposite sentences for Tom. What does Tom say?
Example: Jane: I get up early every day and I have a big breakfast.
Tom: I don’t get up early every day and I don’t have a big breakfast.
1 I walk to school with my friends.
2 I get good marks at school.
3 Teachers like me a lot.
4 I don’t like P.E. very much.
5 My friends come to play with me on Saturday.
6 We talk about boys.
7 We don’t play computer games.
8 My friends talk to me when they’ve got problems.

e
Tom & Jan

28
 CULTURE

J Look at the pictures of the Twins Days festival. What kind of

festival is it? What do you think happens there?

CORNER
K Read and check your answers.
track 02

TWINS DAYS
Every year, thousands of twins from all Every year, the Twins Days festival has
around the world come to Twinsburg, a different theme. This means that the
Ohio, in the USA. They visit this small town twins wear special costumes. For example,
to take part in the Twins Days festival, one year they all dress as superheroes, and
which takes place on the first weekend of the next, they all wear fairy-tale costumes.
August each year. Twins (and non-twins) who visit the festival
The Twins Days festival is open to identical enjoy the parade of twins, festival food,
and fraternal twins, and also to other music, dancing, and lots more.
multiples, such as triplets and quadruplets,
and their families.

L Answer these questions. M Read these interesting facts about twins. Do you
know any interesting stories about twins?
1 What is Twinsburg?
2 What is Twins Days? It is hard to believe, but twins can be of different races!
3 Who can visit the Twins If both mother and father are half black and half white,
Days festival? they have a small chance (one in a million) of having
one black and one white twin.
4 How is the festival
different every year? Do you know that twins who are
5 What do people do separated at birth sometimes
at the festival? have very similar lives, even
if they don’t know about
each other? That is why
psychologists like to work
with twins, because they try
to find out what has more
influence on our lives: our
genes or the way we live.

29
 2.2
F FRIE N DS
FA MILY O
A
WORDSPOT
sad red mood bad bed

A Circle one word test fast last must best

in each row that
rhymes with guy boy try hey pay
the word in
find mind rain fine fly
colour.
meet fat Pete cat bat

Listening
B The kids from the HBMC have sent Shark a message. Help him read it
by using the rhyming words from Task A. Then listen and check.

Do you sometimes feel sad?

track 03 bad
And everybody says you're ?
Do you cheat in a test, so you can be one of the ?
Are you just a lonely guy?
Come here! Give us a !

True friends are hard to find,

But we say “Bad boy? Never !”

Do you think that we must meet?

Then that means that you are !

C The children from the Club want to put Pete to the test. Imagine that you are Pete and
that the children from the Club are asking you these questions. How would you answer
them?
1 What do you do when you see an old lady standing in the bus?
2 Why do you tease other children?
3 Why do you cheat in tests?
4 Why do you want to become a member of our Club?
5 Do you trust us?
6 Where do you and your friends go after school?

D Listen to the conversation with Pete. How does he answer the questions from
Task C?
track 04

30
 E Sam is not happy with Pete’s answers, and he wants to ask Pete more questions. Can you
unscramble them? Listen and check.

1 Why you on do people? play tricks

track 05
2 bed? What time you do go to
3 Do parents? your you lie to
4 you Do your mobile phone switch off at school?
5 Do you secrets? keep other kids’
6 you Do be really our friend? want to

THE PRESENT SIMPLE (I, YOU, WE, THEY) – QUESTIONS and short answers

Do I trust you? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Do you trust me? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
Do we really want him in the Club? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
Do they really want me in the Club? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

QUESTIONS WITH QUESTION WORDS: Who / What / Where / When / Why / How

Why do you tease other children? What do they expect me to do?

F These are Pete’s answers. What are Sam’s questions?

Example: Yes, we tease girls. OR We play basketball all day.
Do you tease girls? How long do you play basketball for?

1 Yes, I play the drums. 2 Yes, I like chocolate. 3 No, I don't study hard.
nd.
4 I go to bed at midnigh
t. 5 We play in the park. 6 I play computer games all weeke

SPEAKING
G Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box.
Then ask and answer in pairs.

play give do quarrel do

1 How often do you and your best friend together?

2 What do you usually with your best friend when you are at home?
3 What do you usually with your best friend when you are outdoors?
4 What do you your best friend for her / his birthday?
5 Do you sometimes with each other?

31
 H Do the quiz. Tick the answer that is true for you: Yes, I do. or No, I don’t..

QUIZ / ARE YOU A GOOD FRIEND?

Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

1 Do you keep your friends’ secrets?

2 Do you often talk about your problems
with your friends?

3 Do your friends help you when you

are in trouble?

4 Do you trust your friends?

5 Do you invite all your friends to your
birthday party?

6 Do you often get angry with your

friends?

7 Do you lie to your friends?

Score:
¤ If you have 4 or more “Yes” answers, you are a good friend!
¤ If you have fewer than 5 “Yes” answers, you must think about
your friends more! Why don’t you talk to them more often?

I Think of four more questions you can ask somebody who wants to be your friend.
Example: Do you read books?

J Pete is learning to be polite because he would really like to be a member of the HBMC.
Help him match the two parts of these polite phrases.
1 Thank you very much. Good luck!
2 Atishoo! (afcxi!) Yes.
3 I’ve got a test tomorrow. You’re welcome.
4 May I go to the bathroom, please? I’m sorry, but I can’t.
5 Can we play after school tomorrow? Bless you!

32
K Choose the polite answer for these questions:

1 What do you say when you see an older 2 What do you say when someone
person standing in a bus or a tram? gives you a present?
a) Would you like to sit down? a) Hmm, I don’t really like it!
b) Nice weather today, isn’t it? b) Thanks. It’s lovely.

3 What do you say to a person 4 What do you say

who is standing in your way? if you step on
somebody’s foot?
a) I’m sorry.
a) I’m sorry.
b) Excuse me.
b) Excuse me!

5 What do you say when you

want to interrupt somebody 6 How do you answer
who is speaking? the phone politely?
a) Excuse me,… a) Yes?
b) Hey, stop talking! b) Ana speaking.

7 What do you say when you telephone your 8 How do you greet an elderly
friend’s home? neighbour?
a) I want to speak to Ivo. a) Good morning, Mrs Doyle.
b) Hello, this is Ana. Could I please speak to Jim? b) Hi! How are things?

9 What do you say if you don’t hear

what someone says? 10 What do you say when you are late?
a) Pardon? a) Excuse me, I’m late.
b) What? b) I’m sorry I’m late.

SPEAKING

L What do you think?

1 Can Pete become a member of the HBMC? Why? Why not?
2 How polite are you? Can you become a member of the HBMC?

33
 2.3
I FFERE N T?
AR OR D
SIMIL
WORDSPOT
A Match the objects in the pictures
to their dictionary definitions.

1 Tomahawk /²t‰mœhŒ°k/ a tool used by Native Americans

2 Sun hat /²sŸn ³hæt/ a hat that protects you from the sun
3 WigwaM /²wˆgwæm/ a round house in which American Indians lived
4 BOOmerang /²bu°mœræ©/ a piece of wood that the Australian
Aboriginal people throw

5 BLOG /bl‰g/ an online diary

READING
B Read about Arana, Pat and Agata and answer the questions.
1 Where are they from?
2 How do they use the objects in the pictures in Task A?
track 06

Arana lives with her parents and other Aboriginal families in

central Australia. Arana doesn’t have a computer, so she learns
about the world from her grandmother’s stories. She often
throws her boomerang, but it doesn’t always come back to
her. When Arana goes to school, she wears a sun hat and
drinks a lot of water.

Pat lives with his parents on an Indian reservation in Canada. He

doesn’t live in a wigwam, but his mum is teaching him how to make
one. He goes to school every day, but he prefers to play games. He
rarely helps his mother tidy up, which makes her very angry. When
he goes hunting and fishing with his dad, he always takes his little
tomahawk with him. In the evening, his dad always tells him
an Indian goodnight story.

Agata lives with her mother in Warsaw, in Poland. After school

she spends a lot of time on her computer. She would like to get
a new mobile phone, but her mum says it is too expensive.
Agata loves shopping, and she often spends all her pocket
money on pink bags and tops. She writes a blog about her
school. Her mum thinks it is better for children to play
outside and read books.

34
C Why is this wrong?

This is wrong This is

because Arana wrong
doesn't have a because…
tomahawk.

This is This is
wrong wrong
because… because…

THE PRESENT SIMPLE (HE, SHE, IT) – Affirmative and negative

Pat rarely helps his mother. He does not (doesn’t) live in a wigwam.
Agata writes a blog. She does not (doesn’t) write letters.
The boomerang comes back to her. It does not (doesn’t) come back to her.

D What are these sentences about: a boomerang, a tomahawk, a mobile phone,

a wigwam, a computer or a sun hat?

It doesn't fly. It flies. It doesn't move. It moves.

It makes sounds. It hurts when it hits you. It protects you.

It comes back to you. It doesn't make parents very happy.

It rings. It doesn't talk. It doesn't jump. It doesn't take photos.

SPEAKING
E Are families in different countries of the world similar or different?
Who is the most similar to you: Arana, Agata or Pat?

35
 READING
G track 07 Read and check.
F Look at the pictures of
Native Americans and
Australian Aboriginal LIFE ON THE INDIAN RESERVATION
people. Where do they live?
What is it like to live there? Native Americans, sometimes known as Indians, are
people who lived in today’s USA before European
settlers came. Today, some Native Americans live in
special areas of land called “reservations”. Unfortunately,
family life there is not always easy because Indians
who live on reservations are often very poor. Many
children leave school early and often go to big cities to
find work. There are many children who live with their
grandparents and just one of their parents.

ABORIGINAL FAMILIES

Aboriginal people, or the Aborigines, are people who

lived in Australia before European settlers came. Today,
some Aboriginal people live in their own villages, far
from big cities. Children often live in big families, not
just with mothers and fathers. Family is very important.
Aboriginal people rarely call their family members
by name. Instead, they use words such as “brother”,
“mother”, “aunt” and “cousin”.

H Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones.
1 Native Americans are sometimes called “Indians”.
2 Indians who live on reservations are often very poor.
3 Young Indians always work in big cities.
4 Aboriginal families are usually small.
5 In Aboriginal families, people usually call each other by name.

THE PLACE OF ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY IN A SENTENCE

Before the main verb: Aboriginal people rarely call each other by name.
Aboriginal people usually live in big families.
After be: They are often very poor.

Sometimes can be used in different places:

At the beginning: Sometimes, young Indians go to big cities.
In the middle: Young Indians sometimes go to big cities.
At the end: Young Indians go to big cities sometimes.

36
I Match the places to their descriptions.
1 It is always very hot there in the summer. an Indian reservation
2 People often go hunting and fishing there. 5 Down Under
3 Tourists usually visit it in the summer. the Sahara Desert
4 Sometimes it is -30°C there. New York City
5 It rarely snows there. Tbilisi
6 They say that this city never sleeps. Siberia

J Put the adverbs in the correct place.

1 Australian children wear sun hats. OFTEN
2 People who live in Siberia wear fur coats and hats. USUALLY
3 Children are at school during the week. ALWAYS
4 People in Australia sit in the sun without sunscreen. RARELY
5 It is dark at night. ALWAYS
6 Some shops in New York City close. NEVER
7 Children go to the cinema. SOMETIMES

Writing
K Write about your family by answering these
questions.
1 What do you always do together at weekends?
2 What do you usually do in the evenings?
3 What do you sometimes do that you
don’t like very much?
4 What do you rarely
do together?
5 What do you never
do together?

37
 2.4
T FA MILY?
E PER FEC
TH
A Describe the picture.
These questions can help you:
1 Who is in the picture?
2 What is the father doing?
3 What does the desk look like?
4 What are the sisters doing?
5 Why is the mum upset?

WORDSPOT to quarrel to be fed up with something

B Do you know these words to have something in common to rest

and phrases? Check them in to calm down to solve a prob
the wordlist. lem

C Read each sentence and decide which of the people in the picture says it: mum, dad, or
sisters?

Girls, that’s not

My sister and I I really need to a nice thing to say!
get along well, but rest after work!
sometimes we quarrel
about little things.
Sometimes I feel that
my sister and I have
Calm down, nothing in common!
She
young ladies, please!
always takes
I’m trying to work! I’m fed up
my things!
I must solve this problem. with this mess!

38
Listening
D Read the dialogue between Elliot and a radio host. Complete it with the words and
phrases from the box.

quarrel get along have nothing in common calm down solve

Radio host:  Hello, listeners! We all know that life with younger
brothers and sisters can make us very happy, but
it can also be difficult. Call me and tell me
what you think about this. Have we got
someone on the line? Hello?
Elliot: Yes, er, hello.
Radio host: Hello. What’s your name?
Elliot: My name is Elliot, and I would like to talk
to you about my younger sister.
I sometimes don’t understand her.
Radio host: How do you two ?
Elliot: Well, I love her, but we sometimes .
For example, she keeps taking my things.
Radio host: Does she ask you before she takes your things?
Elliot: Well, no! I don’t like that. And why does she stay in the bathroom so long?
Radio host: Try to , Elliot! I’m sure she doesn’t do it to
upset you. Does your sister have her own bedroom?
Elliot: No. We share a room, but, you see, that’s the problem, because we are very
different. I sometimes feel that we .
Radio host: What does your mother do to this problem?
Elliot: She says we are brother and sister and that we should take good care of each other.
Radio host: She is right, you know. I think you just have to talk to her. But try to be patient.
Elliot: OK, you’re right. I’ll try to talk to her.
Radio host: That’s the right thing to do, Elliot. Goodbye.

E Now listen and check.

track 08

F Answer these questions.

1 Why does Elliot call the radio host?
2 What problem does he have?
3 What does his sister do that upsets him?
4 What advice does the radio host give him?

39
 THe PRESENT SIMPLE (He, she, it) – QUESTIONS and SHORT ANSWERS

Does Elliot get along with his sister? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
Does his mother solve all the problems? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.

QUESTIONS WITH QUESTION WORDS: Who / What / Where / When / Why / How

What does Elliot do when he can’t find his things?

Why does April stay in the bathroom so long?

G Answer the questions. Give short answers.

1 Does April keep their room tidy? 3 Does Elliot love his sister?
2 Does she leave Elliot’s things alone? 4 Does he always understand her?

H Match the questions to the answers.

1 Who does April look like? Because her brother sometimes shouts.
2 What does April often do? On a shelf.
3 How does Elliot feel when this happens? She makes a lot of noise.
4 Why does April get upset? All day.
5 Where does Tess sleep? She looks a bit like her father.
6 When does Tess sleep? He gets angry. He tells her to be quiet.

I These are two brothers, Marc (13)

and Julian (9). Work in pairs.
A Ask questions about Marc.
Then answer the questions
about Julian.
B Answer the questions about
Marc. Then ask questions about
Julian.
Marc & Julian

A Questions about Marc: B Answers about Marc:

What / he / think about his little brother? He thinks Julian is a good boy, but he’s a bit lazy,
Why / he / get angry with his brother? Because his brother always wants to copy him.
How often / he / play with his brother? Not very often. Sometimes at the weekend.
/ he share a room with Julian? No. He has his own room.

Answers about Julian: Questions about Julian:

He goes to speak to his mum. What / he / do when Marc makes him angry?
Because his big brother is his hero. Why / he copy / Marc?
At 9. When / he / go to bed?
Yes, very much. / he / love his big brother?

40
READING
J Read the agony-aunt e-mails. Which problems do Lisa and Tom have?

YOUR PROBLEMS
ARE OURS, TOO!
AGONY AUNT

From: From:
Subject: Subject:

Dear Agony Aunt, Dear Agony Aunt,

I have a problem with My older brother and I share
my best friend, Ann. the same room. I like tidy beds,
She never returns and I always make mine in
the books I lend her, the morning, but my older brother
and I am too shy to ask says I should make his as well.
her. But they are not He thinks he’s my boss, but it’s
hers! They are mine! his room as well!
Lisa Tom

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

This is my bed. This bed is mine.

This is your room. This room is yours.
This is his room, too. It’s his, too.
This is not her book. It’s not hers.
Look at its covers.
This is our room. It is ours.
This is your room. This room is yours.
This is their room. It’s theirs.

We use possessive adjectives before We use possessive pronouns instead of the

nouns. nouns. There is never a noun after them.

K Choose the correct answer.

1 A: This is my / mine bike. Which one B: It's not here. My / Mine is in the garage
is your / yours? right now.
2 A: I think this is his / its mobile. B: No, it's her / hers.
3 A: Look at their / theirs sun hats! B: They are really funny. But our / ours are better.

L Complete the gaps with a possessive adjective or a possessive pronoun.

1 This is CD. It’s mine. 5 These are our hats. They are .
2 This is your bag. It’s . 6 This is key. It’s yours.
3 This is ball. It’s his. 7 This is their desk. It’s .
4 This is Olivia’s pencil. It’s .

41
 LISA AND LOTTIE -
A Book Report
Lisa and Lottie is a book
written by Erich Kästner,
a well-known German
author of children’s
books. It is a story about
the adventures of twin
girls, Lisa and Lottie.

WORDSPOT to get
divorc curly
e d
A Do you know these words and phrases? an adventure
Ask your partner or teacher what they mean.
to swi
tch places
a conduc
to r ponytail serious rude
shy

B Describe the girls in the pictures. Then read the

introduction and write the information about the girls
next to their pictures.
Two nine-year-old girls meet at a summer camp. One is called
Lisa, and she is quite rude. The other is called Lottie. She is
serious and shy. Lisa has curly
hair; Lottie wears a ponytail.
They really look alike. Lisa
lives with her father
in Vienna, and
Lottie lives with
her mother in
Munich.

NAME: NAME:
TOWN: TOWN:
HAIR: HAIR:

CINDY’S CHARACTER: CHARACTER:

READER
42
C Read the second part of the report and answer
the questions.

1 Why don’t they live together?

2 What do they decide to do?

The two girls have never seen each other before, but
they soon find out that they are twins. Their parents
got divorced, and each of them kept one of the girls.
The girls decide to do something about it, so they
switch places. Before the end of the summer camp,
Lottie makes her hair curly, and Lisa puts her hair in
a ponytail. They give each other useful advice for
the “new” parent, and the adventure begins!

D Complete the third part of the report with the missing words. Use:

find out goes decide works

Lisa to Munich, disguised as Lottie, where she is a “little housekeeper” for her
mother, Lisalott Horn, who for a magazine. Lottie, now Lisa, travels to Vienna to
live with Arnold Palfy, a famous conductor and composer. When the girls that
their parents still live alone, they to bring them back together.

E How do you think the book ends? Think of another ending under 4.
1 The parents find out that the girls switched places and get very angry. They decide that
each girl must return to her “old” parent.
2 Dad marries another woman, and Lottie goes back to her mother.
3 The girls stop their dad from marrying another woman, they bring their parents together,
and they all live together happily ever after.
4

Writing Hello, I'm your

twin brother.

F Imagine what a surprise it would be to discover that you

have an identical twin. Choose one of these tasks for
homework.
1 Write six questions that you would like to ask your twin.
2 Write six sentences about yourself which will help your twin to
get to know you better.
3 Write six sentences about how your family spends a typical
day.

43
 For my
portfolio My learning diary

What do you think about this unit?

1/ Why is this unit called “Families”?

2/ I think this unit is (tick what is true for you):

easy.

not very easy.

difficult.

3/ What was easy? What was difficult?

PROJECTS
4/ I like lesson best.

5/ In this unit I don't like .

Choose one project 6/ My favourite word(s) from this unit is (are):

and do it in a group. .

Circle what you can do after this unit.

1/ How to make
I CAN I NEED MORE PRACTICE
your family tree
You need a piece of white I can talk about twins.
poster paper. Draw a large
tree on it. Write your name I can describe the Twins Days festival.
at the bottom of the tree.
Then write your parents’ I can ask questions about friendship.
names, your grandparents’
I can use polite phrases in English.
names and so on. Continue
until you can no longer I can speak about Native American and Aboriginal
think of names. Ask your families.
grandparents for help.
I can talk about everyday life in the family.

I can understand the difference between possessive

2/ Film report adjectives and possessive pronouns.

Watch a film on twins, for I can say something about the book Lisa and Lottie.
example The Parent Trap
or Twins, and write a film
report.

44
 3

u will...
In this unit yo
guide.
S ,S C HO O L
read a TV
talk about .
TV programm
es

TV,FILM
that you like
o Ella calls.
N DT E L E-
find out wh
s text messa
read Elliot' ply.
ge

CL U BS A
S
and Zack's re
find out ab ek.
out Ella's plan
s

N E C A L L
for next we
nema with Ella
go to the ci ssell.
Sam and Ru
,
P H O
t film genres.
learn abou e or
s p e a k a b o u t what you lik
 g.
don't like doin at
fi n d o u t w h ich clubs pupils
 can join.
Ana's school
The Hobbit,
read about d the films.
the book an
 3.1
’S ON T V?
W HA T
WORDSPOT
A Tick the correct time words.
1 In one day there are 24 clocks. hours.
2 An hour has 60 minutes. seconds.
3 A quarter of an hour is 30 minutes. 15 minutes.
4 Half an hour is 30 minutes. 15 minutes.
5 8 a.m. is 8 o’clock in the morning. evening.
6 10 p.m. is 10 o’clock in the morning. evening.

B Match the watches and clocks to the times.

1 It’s seven o’clock.
2 It’s ten past seven. / It’s seven ten.
3 It’s a quarter past seven. / It’s seven fifteen.
4 It’s half past seven. / It’s seven thirty.
5 It’s twenty to eight. / It’s seven forty.
6 It’s a quarter to eight. / It’s seven forty-five.
2

EVERYDAY ENGLISH / Telling the time

What’s the time?
8.00 It’s eight o’clock. a.m. - in the morning
8.15 It’s (a) quarter past eight. / It’s eight fifteen. p.m. - in the afternoon
8.30 It’s half past eight. / It’s eight thirty. or in the evening
8.40 It’s twenty to nine. / It’s eight forty.

C What’s the time on these watches and clocks?

6
1
4
2

3 5

46
 WORDSPOT soap operas
dren
for small chil
D Which of these TV programmes do you like? p ro g ra m m e s
weather reports
sports programmes news iz sh o w s films
q u
cartoons documentari
es comedy series educational programmes for children

E Find the programmes from Wordspot in today’s TV guide. When are they on?

7 a.m. Teletubbies 11 a.m. Clever Girls Wildlife

(teleRipucebi) a comedy series animals in
7.30 Smile The National the wild
for small children Gallery Skiing
Breakfast News a documentary women’s slalom
12.30 Lunchtime News live
8.15 Saved by the Bell
fun and learning 1 p.m. My Love 7 p.m. “Clue Me In” Quiz
for school a soap opera 8 p.m. News
children Detectives 8.30 Weather
The Parent Trap a detective series Starship
a romantic 3 p.m. Goal a science-fiction
comedy from yesterday’s film
Disney’s 15 football matches Music Videos
minutes

Listening
F Listen to a presenter who is talking about today’s TV programmes. Fill in the
gaps with the times when the programmes start.
track 01

G Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?

Correct the false ones.
1 Saved by the Bell is on after
the news.
EVERYDAY ENGLISH / Talking
2 There’s a comedy series on
about time
from twelve o’clock to half
past twelve. The programme is on at 3 o’clock.
3 Wildlife is on before a sports programme. It is on from 3 o’clock to 4 o’clock.
4 There’s a sports programme It is on before the news.
on at 3 p.m. It’s on after the comedy series.
It lasts one hour.
5 The “Clue Me In” Quiz lasts
an hour.

SPEAKING
H Work in a group. Your group can watch one programme from the TV guide. Decide which
one to watch. Say when it is on. Report to the class.

47
 WORDSPOT
a fan a criminal a medal a champion
I Do you know warm a police station a race cold
the meanings of
these words and cloudy to cheer
sunny under arrest a skier
phrases? Match
a gate dangerous
the words to to hide truth
the TV programmes
in the pictures.

1 2 3

READING
J Read the parts of the three programmes. Which programmes are they from? Do not
worry about the gaps.

1 
a) She’s the world champion, and we expect an excellent time. She’s skiing very well,
very fast. b) She’s passing through the tenth gate. Oh, no! She’s fallen! She’s getting
up now. She’s all right. But this is the end of the race for her. She’s leaving the race without
a medal. The fans aren’t cheering any more.

2 Detective: Open the door!

Man: What do you want?
Detective: Where is Bob Kent?
Man: Bob Kent? Who are you? Go away!
Detective: No, I’m not going away. I’m detective John Clark. I’m looking for your friend.
He’s hiding from the police. He’s a dangerous criminal.
Man: I don’t know where he is. Leave me alone. I’m watching a football match on TV.
Detective: You aren’t telling me the truth. c) I’m sure he’s here. Ah, there he is! He’s
trying to get out through the window. Stop! Bob Kent, you are under arrest.
d)

3 
It’s a cold, cloudy day in Germany, but it isn’t snowing. e) It’s cold but sunny in
the south of France, Italy and Croatia. f) That is the warmest part of Europe.
It’s windy in Austria. It’s raining in Great Britain.

K Read the three texts again. Some sentences are missing. Decide where the sentences
below belong. Then listen and check.
2 We’re watching the third skier in this race.
1 I’m taking you to the police station.
track 02
5 The sun is also shining in Spain.
3 You’re lying! 4 The fans are cheering. 6 It’s snowing in Poland.

48
 THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS – Affirmative and negative sentences

I am (’m) watching a football match. I am not (’m not) going away.

She is (’s) getting up. It is not (isn’t) snowing.
We are (’re) watching a race. We are not (aren’t) watching TV.
You are (’re) lying! You are not (aren’t) telling me the truth.
They are (’re) cheering. They are not (aren’t) running.

We form the present continuous with am / is / are and the -ing form of the verb.
We use it when we are talking about something that is happening now.

BE CAREFUL!

watch watching leave leaving ski skiing get getting lie lying

L Complete these sentences from today’s programmes using the present continuous
forms of the verbs: pass, fly, make, visit, cut, sleep, write and get up.

1 Today the President of Poland our country.

2 You again, Simba. Wake up! We must go and find some food.
3 I a letter to Robert. I love him so much.
4 The children a doll house.
5 He the ball to number 10.
6 It’s morning. Dipsy, Tinky Winky, Po and Laa-Laa .
7 What are you doing? I my hair to look like you.
8 Yes, Captain. We to the planet Earth.

M Which programmes from Task E are the sentences from?

N What is your favourite TV programme? Take a class vote. Which programme is the most
popular?

Writing
O Work with a partner. Write
part of a sports commentary,
a weather report or a dialogue
from a detective series.

49
 3.2 O NE CA LLS
T HRE E P H GE
X T M ES SA
D O NE T E
AN
Listening
A Ella is bored, so she calls some of her friends. She calls Pete first. Look at
the picture and listen. Is Pete telling her the truth?
track 03

B Listen to the conversation again. How does Pete answer Ella’s questions? Tick ( ).

Yes, I am.
1 Are you having fun?
No, I’m not.
track 22

Yes, I am.
2 Are you watching TV?
No, I’m not.

3 Are you playing Yes, I am.

a computer game? No, I’m not.

4 Are you doing your Yes, I am.

homework? No, I’m not.

5 Is the maths Yes, it is.

homework hard? It’s a piece of cake.

C Next Ella phones Russell. Read the conversation. Try to guess which words are missing.
Listen and check.
Ella: Hi, Russell. It’s Ella. What are you ?
track 04 Russell: Nothing much. I’m sitting, eating and watching a movie.
Ella:  are you sitting? What are you eating?
film are you watching?
Russell: I’m sitting on the .
I’m eating .
I’m watching an old action film. Satisfied?
Ella: What are your parents doing?
Russell: They are sitting on a as we speak.
They’re travelling to Paris.
Ella: you feeling lonely?
Russell: No, I’m not. I just miss my old friends.
The boys at are not very friendly.
Ella: Cheer up! They’re just jealous. It’s because you’re .
Russell: I .
Ella: We can do something , go to the cinema or something.
Russell: Yes, why ?

50
 THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS – QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS

Am I Yes, I am. No, I’m not.

Are you Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
having fun?
Is he / she / it Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t.
Are we / you / they Yes, we / you / they are. No, we / you / they aren’t.

QUESTIONS WITH QUESTION WORDS: Who / What / Where / When / Why / How

Who is calling all her friends? What is Russell doing?

Where are Russell’s parents going? Why is Pete lying? How is Russell feeling?

D Parents often phone their childen to check where they are and what they are doing.
Work with a partner. Read the children’s answers. What are the parents’ questions?
Where are the children? What are they doing?

1 Mother: Why 2 Mother: Where

? ? 3 Father: What
I'm crying because somebody We're going to Hannah's place. ?
stole my wallet. I don't know Just for an hour, mum. Jake and Frank are singing.
what to do. They're here with me.

5 Mother: What
?
4 Father: What
I'm wearing a jacket, don't 6 Father: How
?
worry. It isn't raining. It's just ?
I'm reading a novel about an
a bit windy. They're playing really well. They're
African girl. It's a wonderful book.
winning. I can't talk now. Call me later.

7 Father: What 8 Mother: What

? ?
We're studying history. Liza is I'm having some toast and
reading aloud, and I'm taking jam. Tammy is still
notes. sleeping.

SPEAKING
E Speak to your classmates. Answer the questions.
1 Do you often use the phone? 5 Do you prefer to call your friends or text them?
2 Who do you call most often? 6 Do you use a landline telephone?
3 Who calls you most often? 7 What is the difference between a classic mobile
4 Do you have a mobile phone? phone and a smartphone?

51
 Listening
F Elliot calls Sam. Listen to their
conversation and answer the
questions.

track 05
1 Why is Elliot calling Sam?
2 Why is Ana happy?
3 Where is Sam going?
4 Why is April happy?

G Listen to the conversation again.

Fill in the gaps with times a) to f).

a) at six c) on Friday e) on Sunday

track 24
b) next week d) on Saturday f) this afternoon

Elliot: Hi, Sam. Elliot: Don’t say a word to Ella! Do you

Sam: Hi, Elliot. What are you doing? remember her trick at the museum
last year? This is my little revenge.
Elliot: It’s just that I’m reading this book
Where are you and Ella going?
about art and I have a suggestion.
Sam: We’re going to the cinema. Russell
Sam: A suggestion? I know you. You’re
is coming, too.
planning something again!
Elliot: So you’re going to the cinema with
Elliot: What are you doing
a film star! How cool!
?
Sam: Why not? Let’s hear your suggestion,
Sam: Nothing. I think I’m free. I’m taking
finally. What’s your plan?
Max to the vet .
Elliot: We can talk about it at school.
Elliot: How about Carlos?
Sam: What’s that noise?
Sam: I think he’s free, too. He isn’t playing
in a match. He’s playing . Elliot: April’s jumping like crazy. Her friends
are coming to play .
Elliot: I must ask Ana and Zack.
Ana’s cousin is coming from Croatia Sam: Say hello to April. Go back to your
. plans.
Sam: I’m meeting Ella .
So I can ask her.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR THE FUTURE

a) April’s friends are coming this afternoon. c) What are you doing?
b) April’s jumping like crazy. d) What are you doing on Saturday?

Which of these sentences talk about what is happening now?

Which of these sentences are about the future?

We use the present continuous to talk about future plans.

52
H Work with a friend. Look at Ella’s diary with her plans for next week. Answer the questions.

1 W
 hen and why is Ella
going shopping next
6 - badminton with sis. Buy a present for granny. week?
2 W
 hich two days is she
working for school?
3 W
 here is Ella going with
Theatre. Meet Cindy at 7. Relax! Stay at home! Cindy?
Do nothing!
4 W
 hen is her granny
celebrating her birthday?
Granny's place 5 W
 hen is Ella doing a sport
Study geography! - big family dinner. next week?
6 W
 here is Ella having a big
family dinner?
Write the composition! 7 Is Ella going out on
Saturday?

I Say what Ella is doing each day next week.

Example: E
 lla is playing badminton with her sister
on Monday.

Writing
J Write a diary page like Ella’s with your plans for
next week. Think of your plans.

1 Are you going anywhere with your parents or your

friends next week?
2 Is anybody coming to visit you?
3 Are you doing any sport next week?
4 Are you studying for a test?

SPEAKING
K Work in pairs. Tell your partner about your
plans.

L Elliot texts Zack. Read Elliot’s message

and Zack’s reply. If you can’t, look at
the text‑messaging abbreviations in
the Workbook.

53
 3.3
VE FIL MS!
WE LO
A Ella, Sam and Russell are at the cinema. They’re choosing which
film to see. Look at the picture and answer the questions.
1 What are the names of the two 3 When do they start?
films? 4 Which of the two films
2 Which of the films is an action film would you choose?
and which a science fiction film?

WORDSPOT a romance a c a horror film a western

omedy
B Circle the words you don’t know. typical
an ending a hero / heroin
e
Check them in the wordlist. a go od / ba d gu y
a gen
re to take place a character

READING
C Work in pairs. Try to answer the questions. Then read the text.
Does it give similar answers?
1 Where do westerns take place? What are the usual characters in a western?
track 06 2 What do we expect to see in an action film and a romantic comedy?
3 How do we feel when we watch a horror film, a romance or an action film?
4 Does every film belong to one genre?

FILM GENRES
You are watching a film. It takes place in prison. In a romantic comedy we expect to
the American Wild West. In the film there are see the girl and the boy together at the end
cowboys and maybe Indians. There are bad of the film.
guys, but there is also a sheriff. The hero of the When we watch films of different genres, we
film rides a horse and has a gun. He is tall and have different feelings. We are scared when
good-looking. He is in love with a pretty girl. we watch a horror film, we cry when we
What kind of film is this? A western, of course. watch a romance, we laugh when we watch
The western is a film genre. Each film genre a comedy, and we are excited when we
has a typical story, typical characters and watch an action film. Different people like
typical situations. When we go to the cinema, different genres.
we often want to see what we expect. In Not all films are genre films. Often it is
an action film, we expect to see fights, but difficult to decide which genre a film belongs
we also want to see the hero alive at the to because it is a combination of
end of the film and the bad guys dead or in different genres.

54
D Here are some film genres. Match their names to the descriptions.

adventure films dramas fantasy films romances

disaster films musicals horror films 5 thrillers

1 They take place in a magical world with fantastic characters like witches, wizards, dwarfs,
dragons and talking bears.
2 They are exciting stories that often take place in exciting places like jungles or deserts, or at
sea. Sometimes they are about the past, and the hero fights with his sword.
3 They are about people, their lives and their problems. They don’t always have a happy ending.
4 They make us scared. They are about evil people and evil things, monsters, ghosts or vampires.
Often things happen at night, in lonely, scary places.
5 In these films the main characters have to solve a mystery and fight to save their lives.
The films are exciting because we don’t know what will happen next.
6 These are films about love.
7 In these films the characters sing and dance.
8 They are about a disaster like a fire, a plane crash, a ship that goes down, or a global disaster.

SPEAKING
E Look at these scenes from some films. What genre of films are they? Why do you think so?

F Speak in groups.
1 W
 hat is your favourite film genre? 4 W ho are the main characters?
2 W
 hat is the best film you have ever seen? 5 What happens?
3 W
 hen and where does it take place? 6 H ow does the film end?

55
 WORDSPOT to rule
to shoot to chase
karate
G Do you know what these a robot a spaceship
words mean?
Write SF if they are from a fist a dinosaur a roof
a science-fiction film and
space
AF if they are from an an alien a criminal
action film.

READING
H Read the texts and check your guesses.

In action films the good guys fight against In science-fiction films the heroes travel in
cruel, dangerous criminals. They use their space, or aliens fly spaceships and visit Earth.
fists, karate and guns. These films usually In these films we also travel in time, into
take place in big cities. The hero isn’t the future, where robots rule the world, or
afraid of anything. He shoots, jumps from we can visit the past and meet dinosaurs.
roofs and chases criminals in his car. The films are called “science fiction” because
The criminals sometimes hurt him, they have some elements of science. But
but never kill him. mostly they are fiction.

I Look at these scenes from an action film and a science action film. Complete the
description of the two scenes with the words under the pictures. Then listen and check.

CITY STREETS ALIENS ARE HERE

track 07

hero criminal police car alien robot spaceship space

city is moving are driving are visiting is waving is flying

1
A white sports car very fast down a street in a big .
A is shooting from the window of the car. A car
is following. The police are chasing the criminals in the white . They
very fast, too. The is shooting at the criminal.
A helicopter is flying above the street.

56
 2
There is a round on the grass. Its door is open and a
is coming out. A pink is standing in front of the spaceship. They are visitors
from . They Earth. A girl and a dog are watching.
The girl her hand. Another spaceship in the air.

THE PRESENT SIMPLE and THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

In action films the hero shoots and chases criminals.

In this scene the hero is shooting. The police are chasing the criminals.

We use the present simple to talk about something that happens in general.
We use the present continuous to talk about something that is happening now.

J Use the present simple or the present continuous in these two sentences.
1 In science-fiction films, aliens (fly) spaceships and they (visit) Earth.
2 In the scene in the picture, a spaceship (fly) in the air. An alien and
a robot (visit) Earth.

K Choose the present continuous or the present simple.

1 Russell, Ella and Sam love / are loving films.
2 Now they buy / are buying tickets for the new science-fiction film.
3 Pete watches / is watching a fantasy film on TV tonight.
4 He watches / is watching too much TV.
5 They make / are making lots of films in Hollywood every year.
6 Russell doesn’t make / isn’t making a film at the moment.

SPEAKING
L Work in groups. Imagine a scene from
a film. Draw it and describe it to your
friends. Can they guess what kind of
film it is?
1 Where does the action take place?
2 Who is in the scene?
3 What are the characters doing?
4 What are they wearing?
5 Are they speaking?
6 What are they saying?

57
 3.4
OL CLUBS
SC HO
READING
A Read about six pupils from Ana’s school. Are they like any of your friends?
track 08
Clara William Emily
Clara loves William likes Emily loves
reading. cycling, sport,
She doesn't skateboarding, especially,
mind doing skiing, netball,
homework, watching badminton
but she scary and volleyball.
hates films and She always
studying for computers. gets good
tests! Clara He is a good marks in
often takes friend, but he maths and
her dog to the lake. She is doesn't talk much. He's science tests. She plays
mad about swimming. a little shy. chess. She's got lots of
stuffed animals.

Angela Maria Rajesh

Angela is Art is Maria’s Rajesh is
friendly. favourite crazy about
She makes subject. She playing
everybody loves making football. His
laugh. She clothes for favourite
is pretty. her dolls. She team is
She knows also makes Barcelona.
lots of her own His ambition
songs from jewellery. She is to play in
famous always wears the World
musicals. She dances in front of something original and different. Cup. He loves buying trainers.
her mirror. She wants to be He can’t stand wearing shoes.
an actress.

B This is what they say about themselves. Who is speaking – Clara, William, Emily, Angela,
Maria or Rajesh?
1 : 4 :
I don't like talking. I hate being so shy. I hate losing. I don’t mind training hard.
2 : 5 :
I like singing and dancing. I’m interested in fashion. I’m not bad at drawing.
3 : 6 :
I read detective stories and anything about I'm good at sport. I'm mad about stuffed
dragons. I love playing with my dog. animals.

58
 SAYING WHAT YOU LIKE OR DON’T LIKE

love dancing.
I’m mad / crazy about playing football.
like reading.
I I don’t mind training hard.
don’t like talking.
I can’t stand wearing shoes.
hate doing tests.

SAYING WHAT YOU ARE GOOD AT, BAD AT, INTERESTED IN

I’m good at playing volleyball. I’m bad at drawing. I’m interested in acting.

C Look at the extracurricular activities you can do at Ana’s school. Which clubs should
Clara, William, Emily, Angela, Maria and Rajesh join? Why? Which clubs would you like
to join?

MATHS HISTORY ECO CLUB FOOTBALL

CLUB CLUB Wed, lunch break, CLUB
some weekends
Tue, after school Mon, after school Thu, after school
for those who hate
staying indoors and
love nature, animals
and gardening

GIRLS' LANGUAGE CHOIR COMPUTER

VOLLEYBALL CLUBS Tue, after school CLUB
CLUB Mon, after school classical, Thu, after school
Thu, after school learn Spanish, traditional and pop
Russian or German songs
and have fun
There are no tests!

CHESS CLUB DRAMA CLUB ARTS AND READING

Fri, lunch break Tue, after school, more CRAFTS CLUB CLUB
often before the school Mon, after school Wed, lunch break
play
be creative, read and talk
act, dance and draw, paint, make about books
sing and develop sculptures, do art
confidence photography

YOUR TURN!
D Complete 1
2
I’m mad / crazy about...
I love...
5
6
I don’t like...
I hate...
9 I’m good at...
10 I’m bad at...
the sentences.
Compare with 3 I like... 7 I can’t stand...
a partner. 4 I don’t mind... 8 I’m interested in...

59
 THE HOBBIT
A Match the titles to the information.
1 the writer The Hobbit
2 the book Peter Jackson
3 the film trilogy An Unexpected Journey,
The Desolation of Smaug,
There and Back Again
4 the genre J.R.R. Tolkien
5 the director fantasy
adventure

B Read the story of The Hobbit. Answer the questions.

1 When does the story take place?
2 How does it start?
3 Why do Bilbo and the dwarves go on a journey?

CINDY’S
4 Who do they fight?
5 Who helps them?
6 What does Bilbo find?

READER 7 How does the story end?

60
 READING
The story takes place a long, long time ago. It the wild, through the magic land of the elves,
starts when a wizard, Gandalf, knocks on over the Misty Mountains, and through the black
the round door of a hobbit hole, and Bilbo forest of Mirkwood. Along the way they meet
Baggins opens the door. Bilbo likes his quiet danger, but they also get help from Gandalf,
life and his comfortable home. He doesn’t like the wizard, the elves, Bard, a man from
adventures. But that day everything changes. Lake-town and even birds. In the dark tunnels of
Bilbo has more visitors – Thorin and twelve the Misty Mountains, Bilbo finds a magic ring and
other dwarves. They want to get back their takes it from a strange creature called Gollum.
treasure, which is deep in the Lonely Mountain.
Its guard is a dragon called Smaug. Gandalf The story has a happy ending. Bard kills
thinks that Bilbo can help them. the dragon. The dwarves get their treasure
and Bilbo returns to his beloved home. What
Bilbo and the dwarves set off on a great happens to Bilbo and the ring later on? That’s
adventure. Their journey takes them through another story.

C Match the name of the characters and what they are.

1 Bilbo Baggins 4 Bard a man a dragon

2 Gandalf 5 Gollum a wizard a creature from the mountain tunnels
3 Thorin 6 Smaug a hobbit a dwarf

WORDSPOT huge clever slimy

proud wise
D Which of these adjectives describe hairy small
what a character is like, and which short tall brave strong
what a character looks like?

E Match the characters in Task C to their descriptions.

1 He’s the leader of the 4 He’s small and slimy.
group of dwarves. He’s short but strong. He’s He lives deep in the tunnels of the Misty
proud. He doesn’t listen to his friends and he Mountains. He’s obsessed with his ring.
loves gold too much. He is killed. 5 He’s old. He has
2 He’s tall and strong. a long beard and long hair. He’s good and
He comes from a family of kings. He’s very wise. He can do magic.
brave. He understands the language of birds. 6 He’s golden red in
In the end, he kills the dragon. colour and has huge wings and a long tail.
3 He’s short. He He sleeps on his treasure.
has curly hair and hairy feet. He loves his
home, eating and singing. He doesn’t like
adventures. He’s clever.

YOUR TURN!
F Which character from
The Hobbit do you like best? Why?

61
 For my
portfolio My learning diary

What do you think about this unit?

1/ Why is this unit called “TV, Films, School Clubs and Telephone Calls”?

2/ I think this unit is (tick what is true for you):

easy.

not very easy.

difficult.

3/ What was easy? What was difficult?

PROJECTS 4/

5/
I like lesson

In this unit I don't like

best.

.
Choose one project
6/ My favourite word(s) from this unit is (are):
and do it in a group.
.

1/ Clocks Circle what you can do after this unit.

Do research on one or
more well-known clocks. I CAN I NEED MORE PRACTICE
It could be Big Ben or your
local town clock. Why I can tell the time.
is the clock important?
Make a poster. Include I can name different kinds of TV programmes.
pictures of the clock and I can say when a programme is on and how long it lasts.
information about it.
I can say what is happening now.
I can ask questions about what is happening now.
2/ Top ten films I can talk about my plans for next week.
Do a class survey to find I can understand some text-messaging abbreviations.
out the top ten films of
I can name different film genres and say something
your class. Find out
the title of each film in about them.
English, and the names of I can use the correct tense to say what is happening
the director and
now and what happens usually or in general.
the main actors. Decide
which genre each film I can say what I love or hate doing.
belongs to. Write it all out
on a big piece of paper. I can say what I'm good at and bad at and what I'm
interested in.
I can say something about The Hobbit.

62
 4 PLACES
In this unit you wi ll...
find out about Ana's flat.
see Vincent van Gogh's bedroo find out what Iva is going to do
m. in
learn something about London London.
's
biggest airport, Heathrow. learn about some famous London
meet Ana's cousin Iva. sights.
visit the National Gallery in Lon read what some kids wrote on
don. the goodintentions.com site.
talk about three famous paintin
gs. read about Osijek.
 4.1

ROOMS
A Look at the plan of Ana’s flat. What rooms are there? Use these words to say where
the rooms are: in the middle, on the left, on the right, between, opposite and next to.
9
Ana’s room parents’ bedroom

kitchen
7 8
6

dining area

5
living room
4 bathroom
3

1
10

2
hall
balcony

Luka’s room

WORDSPOT
B Find these things in Ana’s flat. Write their numbers. Say where these things are.

a sink an armchair a washbasin a carpet a fridge

a bathtub a shelf a cooker a wardrobe a toilet

C Look at the plan of Ana’s flat and answer the questions.

1 How many beds are there in Ana’s flat? 4 Is there a table in the kitchen?
2 How many bathrooms are there? 5 Are there any plants?
3 Is there a TV in the living room? 6 Are there any chairs in the hall?

64
 THERE IS / THERE ARE

There is an armchair in the living room. There are two sofas.

There isn’t a table in the kitchen. There aren’t any chairs.

Is there a computer in Luka’s room? Yes, there is.

Is there a computer in Ana’s room? No, there isn’t.
Are there any plants on the balcony? Yes, there are.
Are there any plants in the hall? No, there aren’t.

D Use there is, there isn’t, there are and there aren’t to make sentences about Ana’s flat.
1 books / Ana’s room 5 a table / the balcony
2 flowers / Luka’s room 6 chairs / the parents’ bedroom
3 a wardrobe / Ana’s room 7 chairs / the hall
4 a wardrobe / Luka’s room 8 a mirror / the hall

SPEAKING
E Work with a partner. Ask him / her about his / her flat or house.
Answer his / her questions. Think of more questions.

A How many rooms are there in your home? B How many beds are there?
Where do you sleep / eat / watch TV? Is the kitchen big?
Is there a balcony? Is there a garden?
Is there a wardrobe in your room? What’s your favourite room?

F Look at the homes in these photographs. Describe them using the questions below.
Would you like to live in any of them? Why?
• Where is the house / flat?
3 4
• How big is it? How many floors are there?
• Why is it special?
• Who do you think lives there?

2
1

65
 AN ARTIST’S BEDROOM
G Vincent van Gogh was a famous Dutch painter. This is a painting of his bedroom in Arles,
in the south of France. Look at the picture. What can you see? What does the room tell
you about Vincent?

WORDSPOT
H Do you know all the words below? Van Gogh loved colours. In this picture there
are lots of colours: pale, bright, light and dark. Look at the picture and say what
colour these objects are.
the floor ts the pillows
the furniture the window the shee
the door the bedspread the towe
s the walls l

I Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? Correct the false ones.
1 Vincent van Gogh was a painter. He was an artist from Holland.
2 In this painting we can see a room. The room looks warm.
3 The artist doesn’t like this room.
4 There is furniture in the room. The furniture is simple.
5 We can see a bed and chairs. The bed and the chairs are yellow.
6 There are posters on the walls.

66
 ARTICLES

INDEFINITE ARTICLE DEFINITE ARTICLE

We see a bed. We see a bed. The bed is quite big.

We see chairs. We see chairs. The chairs are yellow.
There is furniture. There is furniture. The furniture is simple.
Vincent was an artist. Vincent was an artist. He was the artist
who painted Sunflowers.
The indefinite article a / an means one.
We use it: We use the definite article the /ðœ/ /ði:/:
• with singular countable nouns. when it is clear to the speaker and
• 
• when we first introduce a noun. the listener what we are talking about.
We don’t use it: when we talk about something already
• 
• with plural or uncountable nouns. mentioned.

J Complete this description of Vincent’s room with a or the. Sometimes you don’t need an
article. Listen and check.

It’s simple room. room has window and two doors. furniture in
track 27 Vincent’s room isn’t elegant or expensive. Vincent was poor man. There is bed,
small table and two chairs. The bed is on right. On bed there are
sheets, pillows and bedspread. sheets and pillows are pale in
colour. bedspread is bright red. table is in corner, under window.
On table there are things which Vincent used to wash his hands and his face. There is
mirror above table, and there is towel hanging near it. There are
paintings on walls. We also see clothes. There isn’t wardrobe, so Vincent’s
clothes are hanging behind bed. There isn’t carpet on floor.

K Close the book and try to describe Vincent’s room from memory.

SPEAKING

L Work with a partner.

• Describe the rooms
in the pictures. Be
careful how you use
the articles!
• Describe the room
where you sleep.
Be careful about
the articles!

67
 4.2
D A BOU T
OU T AN
WORDSPOT ff
a passenger t o t a ke o
an airport
A Do you know these words? to land internatio
nal
Check them in the wordlist. huge

READING

B Ana and Cindy are at

Heathrow Airport. They
are meeting Ana’s cousin,
Iva, who is arriving from
Croatia. Read about
Heathrow and answer
the questions.
1 How many passengers
pass through Heathrow

every year? Heathrow is a big airport in London. 70 million passengers
2 How often do planes from all over the world pass through Heathrow every year.
land or take off? A plane lands at Heathrow or takes off from Heathrow
every minute, all day and every day. Heathrow is a huge and
exciting place. It's like a city which never sleeps.

Listening
C Listen to Ana and Cindy’s conversation. Answer the questions.
1 How does Ana feel? 4 Where does Iva live?
2 Do Iva and Ana look alike? 5 In what way are Iva and Ana similar?
track 28 3 What does Ana think about her nose? 6 What is Iva wearing?

D What does Ana say? Listen to the conversation once again and circle the correct words.
1 Iva is younger / older than Ana. 6 It is lighter / darker than Ana’s.
2 She is shorter / taller than Ana. 7 Heathrow Airport is the biggest airport /
track 29 3 She is thinner / fatter than Ana. one of the biggest airports in the world.
4 Ana thinks she is prettier than Iva / 8 It is the busiest airport / one of the busiest
Iva is prettier than her. airports in the world.
5 Iva’s hair is shorter / longer than Ana’s.

68
 COMPARISON OF SHORT ADJECTIVES

Comparative Superlative
tall taller (the) tallest
She’s tall. She’s taller than me. She’s the tallest of all the girls in her class.

BE CAREFUL!

big  bigger  biggest large  larger  largest busy  busier  busiest

LEARNING TO LEARN
E Complete the chant with the comparative of the adjectives below. Listen and check.

loud tall fast nice strong loud happy nice old short

track 29 Johnny Show-off: Tim Happy:

When I run I’m than you. I know my trainers are than yours.
When I throw a ball I’m than you. I know you are tall, I’m than you.
When I stand up I’m than you. But when I laugh I laugh than you.
When I shout I’m than you. And when I’m happy I’m than you.
And my trainers are than yours. I don’t show off and my life’s than yours.

F Complete the chant with the superlatives of the adjectives below. Listen and check.

pretty nice smart cool neat

track 30
My marks are all A. I’m the . My clothes are so smart, they’re the .
You think you’re perfect. You think you’re perfect.
I’m friendly to everyone. I’m the . My room is so tidy. I’m the .
You think you’re perfect. You think you’re perfect.
My face is so cute, I’m the . Why doesn’t everyone love me?
You think you’re perfect. Because you think you’re perfect!

Melissa Perfect
SPEAKING
G In pairs, ask and answer questions.
1 Do you have any cousins?
2 Do you have a favourite cousin?

69
 H The boys are at the gallery. Read the comic strip. Answer the questions.

I'm beat. Let's Amazing!

take a break.

Van Gogh Van Gogh is in

again! Picasso is room 45, Picasso
I want to see my favourite is in another
Sunflowers. artist. gallery.

Are the works

May I ask you Of course.
of art safe?
Do I know a few questions
that girl from about the gallery?
somewhere?

There are cameras

everywhere.

1 Where are Elliot, Sam, Zack and Carlos? 4 What does Carlos think
2 How does Sam feel about Van Gogh? when he sees the girl with the hat?
What about Zack? 5 What is she doing?
3 Which painter does Carlos like? 6 Is the gallery safe?

CULTURE

I Read about the National Gallery on the opposite page.

Match the titles and parts of the text. Do not worry about the gaps.
CORNER

Visiting the museum Shopping

Opening hours Eating and drinking Location
The blind, the deaf and visitors in wheelchairs Events
How long does it take to visit the gallery?

70
 THE NATIONAL
GALLERY IN LONDON
The National Gallery is an art museum in
London. It has one of the greatest collections
of paintings by famous old masters in the world.

1 The National Gallery is in the centre of

London, in Trafalgar Square. You can get
there by Tube or by . When
you finish your tour of the gallery, spend
some time in Trafalgar Square. Hang out
and watch the people.

2 The museum is open every day from

a.m. to 6 p.m. On Friday
it is open until p.m.
Admission is free.

3 When visiting the museum, you can:

- follow a simple floor plan 6 There is an elegant restaurant where
- take a tour with a guide you can eat classic British dishes. There
- take a tour with an audio-guide is a cafe for and afternoon
(it explains the paintings and tells you tea and a bar for coffee and snacks.
about the ).
7 The National Gallery has three shops
4 It depends on you. You can spend hours where you can buy postcards, posters
at the National Gallery, see the greatest and gifts. One of the shops is an art
paintings in an , or you can .
just walk in, look at one painting and leave.
You can always come back again. It’s free! 8 Blind visitors can get information in
Braille. Assistance are
5 There are talks about . welcome to the museum. For deaf
There are art workshops for children. visitors there are special tours in British
There are stories for small children. Sign Language. Visitors in wheelchairs
There are concerts every . can move through the gallery.

J Listen and complete the missing

information about the gallery.
track 31

K Why do visitors like the National

Gallery? Would you like to visit it?
Why / why not?

71
 4.3
PAIN T INGS
FA MOUS
T HREE
YELLOW
A Look at the painting. Complete
the description with: yellow, green, blue.

The flowers are . Some flowers

are fresh, some are dying. To show this, Van
Gogh uses different shades of .
The vase is .
The table is and the wall is
, too. Only the stems of the
flowers and the leaves are .
There is a thin line that
separates the table and the wall. The artist’s
name is also in . Sunflowers, Vincent van Gogh,
The National Gallery, London

B Work with a partner. Answer the questions.

1 Why are these flowers called sunflowers? 4 Why can we say that the painter shows not
2 How many flowers are there? only flowers but also emotion?
3 Why does Van Gogh use so much yellow? 5 Why is this painting so popular?

PAIN
C What do you think?
1 Why do people cry?
2 How do people look when they cry?
Do their faces change?
3 Do you sometimes cry?
4 Are you a cry-baby?

D Look at the painting and answer these

questions.
1 How does the woman feel?
2 What do her face, her eyes, her mouth, her
teeth, her nose, her ear, her hair and her
hands look like?
3 What is she wearing? Weeping Woman, Pablo Picasso,
4 Which colours does Picasso use? Why? Tate Modern, London

72
 A PHOTOGRAPH
This old painting is like a photograph. It shows a man and a woman who are holding hands.
Are they getting married? The painting is full of details.

E When you look at a painting you must sometimes be a detective. Study the painting.
Find the things below. Answer the questions.

Symbols
A burning candle and
a dog are symbols of love.

Artist
The artist wrote his name
on the wall: “Jan van Eyck
was here, 1434”.

Perspective
The man’s wooden shoes
are on the left. Where are
the woman’s red shoes?
The man’s shoes are
bigger. Things that are
nearer look bigger than
those at the back.

Details
In the mirror you can
see the reflection of the
couple and two people
in the doorway. Maybe
one of them is the artist.

1 Are the man and woman rich?

2 Why is there a candle burning even though it’s day?
3 Why are the man’s shoes so much bigger than the woman’s?
4 How does the artist put himself in the picture?

The Arnolfini Portrait,

SPEAKING Jan van Eyck
The National Gallery, London
F Discuss these questions.
1 Which of these paintings do you like best? Why?
2 Is there one you don’t like? Why?

73
 READING
G Look at the picture.
What are the boys
doing?

H Each of the boys has a favourite painting. Can you guess which one? Which is Max’s
favourite? Read the dialogue silently. Was your guess correct?

Zack: All three paintings are good, but Zack: How do you know that Max prefers
I think The Arnolfini Portrait is this painting?
track 32
the best. It is perfect! It was definitely Sam: Because there’s a dog in it.
the most difficult to paint. Look at
Carlos: For me, Weeping Woman is the best.
the clothes and the furniture! Look
at the dog! Sam: You’re kidding. I think it’s the worst.
The colours are aggressive. And it’s
Max: Woof.
sad, pessimistic. Flowers are better
Zack: Another thing. There are so many than tears.
interesting details. For example,
Max: Woof.
whose reflection can we see in
the mirror? It’s more interesting than Sam: You see, Max thinks it’s worse than
the other two paintings. the others, too.
Elliot: It’s more realistic than the other two Carlos: It’s the most modern of the three.
paintings, but it’s not my favourite. It’s not realistic, but it’s real. It shows
It’s too dark. I prefer Sunflowers. It’s real emotions. You can see
one of the most famous paintings the woman’s pain. Picasso painted
in the world, and there must be her feelings and not only her face.
a reason for that. It’s more optimistic Zack: I know why you prefer this painting.
than Van Eyck’s painting. It’s Picasso was Spanish!
the colour of the sun. When you Sam: And the woman looks a bit like Ella.
look at it, you feel better. Carlos: But Ella isn’t a cry-baby!
Sam: I agree with Elliot. It’s the most
beautiful of all three. But
I think Max agrees with
Zack. He likes Van Eyck’s painting.
Max: Woof.

I Read the dialogue in groups of three. One of

x
Ma

you can also take the part of Max.

74
 COMPARISON OF LONG ADJECTIVES

Comparative Superlative
famous
more famous (the) most famous
It’s a famous It is more famous than It’s one of the most famous
painting. the other two paintings. paintings in the world.

IRREGULAR COMPARISON

good – better – (the) best bad – worse – (the) worst

Flowers are better than tears. Max thinks it’s worse than the others.
This is the best painting. I think it’s the worst.

WORDSPOT modern realistic

J Which of these pessimistic
adjectives do aggressive
the boys use to
optimistic
describe each of interesting
the pictures?

K Choose the correct words.

1 All three paintings are famous / more famous.
2 Van Gogh’s painting is the most optimistic / more optimistic than Picasso’s.
3 Picasso’s colours are more aggressive / the most aggressive than Van Eyck’s.
4 Picasso’s painting is the most pessimistic / pessimistic of all.
5 Van Eyck’s painting is more realistic / the most realistic of all three paintings.
6 Picasso is more famous / the most famous modern painter.
7 Carlos thinks Picasso’s painting is better / the best than the other paintings.
8 Max thinks Weeping Woman is worse / the worst of all three paintings.

SPEAKING
L Find a picture of a painting that you like. Bring it to class and talk about it. Think about
the following:
1 Who is the painter? 4 Are the colours cold or warm, pale or bright, light
2 What can you see in the painting? or dark?
3 What colours does the painter use? 5 How does the painting make you feel?
6 Why do you like it?

75
 4.4

PLANS
WORDSPOT a boat trip a palace forever
giant
A Do you know these words and phrases? a guard
fold-out
Check with a partner or your teacher. a wheel e
to take a rid

READING
B Ana, Cindy and Iva are talking about plans
for Iva’s visit to London. Match the parts
of their conversation and the pictures.
track 33
Cindy: We have lots of plans for you. Ana: Carlos and Sam
1 4
We’re going to show you are going to show you the zoo.
London. We’re going to take Cindy: They’ve got gorillas.
a ride on the London Eye, so that
Ana: And lots of other animals.
you can see the city from above.
Iva: The London Eye?
Ana: I’m going to take you on a boat
Cindy: Yes, it’s a giant wheel near 5
trip down the river.
the Thames.
Cindy: I’m coming, and Ella wants to
come, too.
Ana: You are going to see Buckingham
2 Palace, the home of the Queen.
Iva: Slow down. I’m not going to stay
here forever.
Cindy: And the Changing of the Guard.
Ana: I know. Only ten days, but we
aren’t going to waste any time.
Iva: I want to meet all your friends.
3
Ana: They want to meet you, too. Iva: Where am I going to sleep?
6
Cindy: Elliot is going to tell you Ana: This is the plan. We’re both going
everything about the Tower. to sleep in my room. You’re
going to sleep in my bed. I’m
going to sleep on the fold-out
armchair from the living room.
Iva: Are you sure you don’t mind?

76
C Read the conversation once again and answer the questions.
1 How long is Iva going to stay in London? 6 Who is going to take her to the zoo?
2 Where is she going to sleep? 7 Which animals is she going to see?
3 Where is Ana going to sleep? 8 Who’s coming on the boat trip?
4 What is Iva going to see from the London Eye?
5 Who is going to show her the Tower?

GOING TO future – AFFIRMATIVE

I am (‘m)
I’m going to sleep on the armchair.
You are (‘re)
going to see the city. We’re going to have a good time.
He / She / It is (‘s)
We / You / They are (‘re)

To talk about intentions and plans for the future we can use am / is / are + going to + verb.

BE CAREFUL!

Iva is going (not is going to go) to the zoo with Sam and Carlos.
Cindy and Ella are coming (not are going to come) on the boat trip.

SPEAKING
D Which of the places in the pictures in Task B would you like to see?

E Find out more about these London sights. Tell the class or make a poster.

WRITING AND SPEAKING

F Work with a partner. A friend is going
to visit the place where you live (your
town or village). Plan his / her visit.
1 How is he / she coming?
2 Where are you going to meet him / her
(airport / bus station / railway station)?
3 How long is he / she going to stay?
4 Where is he / she going to sleep?
5 What are you going to show him / her?
6 Where are you going to take him / her?
7 What are you going to tell him / her?
8 What are you going to ask him / her
about?
77
 G Say what they are going to do tomorrow.
Example: Tina is going to help her mother in the garden.

2
3
1

I
Tina You

6
4 5

Aunt Meg
and Uncle John
We
Bill

WORDSPOT r t o m a ke
an animal shelte it
H Do you know what these words and a school trip
phrases mean? Check them in the wordlist. to give away to pack
stuff

I Read what some children wrote on the goodintentions.com website. What kind of
problems do they write about?

goodintentions.com 

Tell us about your or your friends’ good intentions.

My name’s Joyce. I just have too many books and toys. My shelves are full. There’s stuff on
my desk, under the bed, on the floor. Things have to change. What am I going to do? This
weekend I’m going to put the books and toys in boxes. I’m not going to throw them away.
I’m going to give them away.

My cousin Paul’s going to get a cat. He thinks cats are cool. He wants a big, fat tomcat. He
isn’t going to buy a cat. He’s going to visit an animal shelter. Shelters are full of cats that
need a home. Paul is going to take good care of the cat. He’s too lazy for a dog.

We all tease Hannah because she’s always late. She does everything at the last possible
moment. We’re going on a school trip early tomorrow. Can Hannah make it? “Are you going
to pack tonight, Hannah?” “Yes, I am. Don’t worry. I’m not going to leave the packing for
tomorrow morning.”

Stan is depressed because his school marks are bad. His parents are sad. Is Stan going to
start studying? Yes, he is. Is he going to play computer games every evening? No, he isn’t.
He’s going to concentrate on his books. As you see, Stan’s intentions are good. All we can
do is wait and see.

78
 GOING TO FUTURE – NEGATIVE, QUESTIONS and SHORT ANSWERS

I am not (’m not)

You are not (aren’t)
going to waste time.
He / She / It is not (isn’t)
We / You / They are not (aren’t)

Am I
Yes, I am.
Are you
going to study? No, she isn’t.
Is he / she / it
Are we / you / they

What am I going to do?

What kind of cat is he going to choose?

J Complete the sentences about Hannah, Joyce, Paul and Stan.

1 Joyce the books and toys in boxes.

She the stuff she doesn’t need.
2 Paul a cat from a shelter.
He buy a pet.
3 Hannah her packing for tomorrow.
She tonight.
4 Stan studying.
He computer games.

SPEAKING
K Answer the questions.
1 Do you have any good intentions of your own?
2 What are you going to do during the break / this evening / at the weekend?

79
 OSIJEK

A Can you answer these questions about Osijek?

1 Where is Osijek? 4 What is the most famous part of Osijek?
2 How big is it? 5 What interesting places can you visit
3 Is it beautiful? near Osijek?

B Match the questions from Task A to the answers below.

Do not worry about the gaps yet.
It is the fourth-largest city in Croatia. (The biggest three
are Zagreb, Split and Rijeka.) 115,000 people live in Osijek.
It is Tvrđa. This is the oldest part of Osijek. It is a historic
and romantic part of town. In the past it was a
f ification with strong walls and town g s.
Some of them still exist today. It has a beautiful main
square, a church and lovely, peaceful streets. In Tvrđa you
can visit the Museum of Slavonija.
The city is in the north-east of Croatia. It lies on the River
Drava. It is the centre of Slavonija. Slavonija is a big, rich
p with fields of w , sunflowers and
m .
You can visit the nature reserve of Kopački Rit. This is
an area of water, m es, and woods. It is home to

CINDY’S about 250 kinds of birds and 40 kinds of fish. There are
also other animals, like d , wild b and foxes.
Osijek is a beautiful city. It has charming old buildings,

READER streets and squares. You can walk in its green parks or
along the river.

80
 WORDSPOT
C Look at the words in the picture
dictionary. Complete the texts
in Task B with the correct words.
maize
a marsh a deer

a boar wheat
a fortification a gate a plain

D Answer the questions.

4 Which part of Osijek should all tourists
1 Which cities in Croatia are bigger than visit?
Osijek?
5 Which museum has important things from
2 What is Slavonija? the past of Osijek and Slavonija?
3 Which river does Osijek lie on? 6 What is Kopački Rit?

CULTURE

The different parts of Osijek are called:

Tvrđa, the Upper Town, the Lower Town,

CORNER
the New Town and Retfala.
Some famous people who were born in
Osijek, went to school or worked in this city are:
Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer, the poet Dobriša Cesarić,
the painter Vladimir Becić and two Nobel Prize winners,
Lavoslav Ružička and Vladimir Prelog.
The football club of this city is called Osijek, and they play
at the city stadium, called City Garden.

YOUR TURN!
E Answer the questions.
• How would you answer the questions in Task A about your city / town / village?
• Does your city / town / village consist of different parts?
• Are there any famous people who were born or who lived and worked in your city / town /
village?

81
 For my
portfolio My learning diary
What do you think about this unit?
1/ Why is it called “Places”?

2/ I think this unit is (tick what is true for you):

easy.

not very easy.

difficult.

3/ What was easy? What was difficult?

4/ I like lesson best.

PROJECTS
5/ In this unit I don't like .

6/ My favourite word(s) from this unit is (are):

Choose one project .
and do it in a group.
Circle what you can do after this unit.
1/ Vincent I CAN I NEED MORE PRACTICE
Learn as much as you can
about Vincent van Gogh’s I can name different rooms.
life and art. Was he
a successful man? Which I can name different pieces of furniture.
are his most famous I can describe the flat / the house I live in.
paintings? Where are they
now? Present what you find I can describe my room and say where everything is.
out to the class.
I understand the difference between a / an and the.
I can name and describe colours.

2/ A museum I can understand the most important information

about a gallery / museum.
Choose a gallery or
I can describe a friend. I can say what my friend looks
a museum close to
the place where you live. like and what he / she is like.
Prepare an information I can compare people and say who is taller, more
leaflet. Include location, interesting or better at sport.
information on how to
get there, opening hours, I can name some London sights.
admission, what you can I can say what I'm going to do tonight, tomorrow or
see and do there, etc.
this weekend.

82
5 In t h is u n it y
t
ou wi ll...
w h a
om the H B
MC
fr
t the kids ke when they were
find o u e li
e a nd w e r
looked lik en.
r
little child ild hood pho
tos.
ey o u r c h
describ from

WHO
b o u t fa m ous people
iz a
do a q u .
the p a st n.
q u iz of your ow past.
a from the

WAS
crea te tist s
s a r
out famou s wo m e n
from
read ab u t fa m o u
d talk abo
read an .

WHO?
the past rday.
t y o u r day yeste more
talk a bo u
p le te n s e of some
e past sim .
learn th nd irregular verbs
regula r a
gise.
le a r n h o w to apolo a new detec
tive
to s o lve
s Agatha
help Mis
case.
 5.1
TO ALBUM
T HE P HO
WORDSPOT
A Do you know these words and phrases? Look them up in the wordlist, then match
them with the names and expressions below. What is the connection between them?
brand new a fashion show a kindergarten to take a photo an attic
a trip abroad an inventor a hairdresser’s an explorer to dress up

1 brand new really new 6 funny clothes

2 a fashion model 7 a camera
3 Christopher Columbus 8 at the top of a house
4 four-year-old children 9 a foreign country
5 a new hairstyle 10 Nikola Tesla

READING
B The children in the HBMC are showing each other their photo albums. Read Pete’s and
Elliot’s descriptions of their photos and answer the four questions.
1 How old were they? 3 Who were they with?
2 Where were they? 4 Why were they there?

This is me when I was eight.

This is me when I was four. I was in the attic with my friends and my
I was at the seaside with my parents. sister April. There was a box with fancy
I remember that we were all very excited clothes, so we dressed up. I was a wizard,
because this was my first trip abroad. April was a witch, my friend Greg was
We were there on holiday. a clown and my friend Jessica was
Snow White. It was great fun!

84
 C Ana, Ella, Russell and Zack are describing their photos. Their sentences are mixed up.
Can you find four boxes for each of them? The boxes give answers to the questions below.
Then listen and check.
track 33 1 How old were you? 3 Who were you with?
2 Where were you? 4 Why were you there?

There were lots of I was in a Hollywood

actors there. Actually, studio for the first
they were Indians in time. I was really
the film. excited.
I was 8, and this was I think I was 9.
my first film. I was very angry!

My mum had a brand

I was there because We were there
I was there with other new camera and
my agent called my because we all had
kids from my class who wanted to take a photo
mum. Yes, I was a high temperature and
were also ill. of me. But I was at
famous after that. a sore throat.
the doctor's!

I was
a fashion
We were there
model in
because the I was in the kitchen I was at my
this photo.
kindergarten was with my granny and my grandparents' place in
Some
closed, and my parents cousin Iva. Dubrovnik.
of the
were at work.
girls were younger than
me; they were only 6!

I was there because

We were in Paris, at
Jean Paul called me.
a fashion show for I was there with my
Just kidding! I was
a children's summer favourite designer.
at the school fashion
collection.
show.
I was a little girl. I was
4 years old, I think.

D Correct these sentences.

1 Pete was at the seaside with his 4 Ana was at her grandparents’ place because the
school friends. kindergarten was far from her house.
2 Elliot was in the attic alone. 5 Russell was in Hollywood when he was 7 years old.
3 Ella was at a fashion show in Rome. 6 Zack was the only pupil in his class who was ill.

85
 THE PAST SIMPLE OF TO BE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I was was not (wasn’t)
You were were not (weren’t) in Paris.
He / She / It was was not (wasn’t)
We / You / They were were not (weren’t)

YES / NO QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

Was I Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
Were you in Paris last year? Yes, you were.
Was he / she / it Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t.
Were we / you / they Yes, we / you / they were. No, we weren’t.

WH-QUESTIONS
How old were you? I was 4 years old.
Where was she? She was at her grandparents’.
Why were the children at the doctor’s? Because they were ill.

E Ella is a master of disguise. Look at the pictures from her photo album and say what she
was in each picture. Start like this: In this photo, she was…

a waitress a scientist a computer programmer a ghost an explorer a hairdresser

1 2 3

4 5 6

86
 F Read and listen to Ella’s description of her photos. Which photo is she describing? Can
you guess what she was in each photo? Write it down. Listen and check.

My photo album is full of pictures in which I am in disguise. Look, that’s me at the History
track 34
Museum. I was a , but I don’t think I was spooky. But Mr and Mrs Doyle
don’t agree, ha-ha!

Here I was a in “Fishorama”, a fish restaurant. I was there for a week, but I
wasn’t very good at it. I don’t like fish, you know.

In this photo, I was a . I was in my friend’s lab. There was an explosion
because I mixed up some wrong things. My friend was really angry.

In this photo, I was on a ship called “Miriam”. Actually, I was in disguise as a sea
. This was the Atlantic Ocean. I wanted to find Atlantis.

Here I was a . I was in a big computer company called “PC

Now”. I wasn’t very interested in computers, so I decided to disguise myself as someone else.

This was my favourite disguise. I was a at “Nicky’s”. This hairdresser’s salon

wasn’t very popular, but I liked it there. I was a specialist in wigs.

G Answer these questions about Ella’s disguises.

1 What was Ella in “Fishorama”? 4 What was Ella in “PC Now”?
2 What was Ella at “Nicky’s”? 5 What was Ella on “Miriam”?
3 What was Ella in the History Museum? 6 What was Ella in her friend’s lab?

H Make four questions about Ella’s disguises. Answer with Yes, she was. or No, she wasn’t..

a hairdresser in “Fishorama”?
a waitress at “Nicky’s”?
a computer programmer in the History Museum?
Was Ella
an explorer in “PC Now”?
an inventor in her friend’s lab?
a ghost on “Miriam”?

SPEAKING

I Bring a picture of you when you were little.

Get into groups. Answer these questions about
your picture and then describe it to your group.

1 How old were you? 3 Who were you with?

2 Where were you? 4 Why were you there?

Did your classmates recognise you in your picture?

Did you recognise them? Were they different then?

87
 5.2
IN” QUIZ
“CLUE M E
WORDSPOT a clue to compose
to create
A Circle the words you don’t know.
an explorer an engine
Look them up in the wordlist at the
an engineer
end of the book. an inventor to design
a detective

Listening
was born in
Croatia. He studied in Graz, in Austria. He
B Before you do this worked and lived in the USA. He invented a lot
of important electric motors and machines.
quiz about three
people from He died poor in 1943.
the past, listen
track 35 to the rules and
explain them in
Georgian.
When
was little, he dreamed about being
C Now do the quiz. a sea captain. He sailed twice around
How many points the world. He discovered the east coast
did your group of Australia in the 18th century.
score?
track 36

D Listen to the quiz was born

again. Write in Chicago. He liked children’s stories and
the name of the fairy tales. He wanted to be a film director,
correct famous but Hollywood didn’t want him. He created
track 38 Mickey Mouse.
person in each gap.
Then underline all
the verbs in the past
simple.

THE PAST SIMPLE OF REGULAR VERBS

AFFIRMATIVE
wanted to see the world.
I / You / He / She / It / We / You / They liked stories.

88
E Read these sentences and match them
to the famous people they describe.
He discovered America.
 e invented lots of electric machines
H
and engines.
 e didn’t sail around the world because
H
2 James Cook
he died before his ship returned to Spain.
They discovered radium.
He created Mickey Mouse and Disneyland.
He sailed around the world twice. 1 Ferdinand
Magellan
He was a composer although he couldn’t hear.

3 Christopher
Columbus

7 Walt Disne
y 5 Marie and
Pierre Curie
6 Ludwig van
Beethoven

Writing 4 Nikola Tesla

F Make a quiz for your partner. Follow these steps.

• Copy four sentences from Task E into your notebook. Leave a gap for the name,
like this: was a composer although he couldn’t hear.
• Close the book now and exchange notebooks with your partner.
• Write the names of the famous people in the gaps.
• Exchange the notebooks again and check each other’s answers.

writing and SPEAKING

G Make sentences for your own “Clue Me In” Quiz! First, think about a famous person from
the past. Then write five sentences about her or him by following this model.
He / She was born in (where) in (which year).
He / She lived in (where).
He / She was a (job). He / She (did what).
He / She (something interesting but not very important about him/her).
He / She (something that made him or her famous).

Play the “Clue Me In” Quiz with your partner. Each correct answer scores a point. Who scores
more points?

89
 READING
H How much do you Ivana Brlić Mažuranić a composer.
a poet.
know about these Leonardo da Vinci a scientist.
was a film director.
people from an actor.
the past? Match, Charlie Chaplin a painter.
an inventor.
track 37 then read and check. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart a pianist.
a writer.

FAMOUS PEOPLE FROM THE PAST

Wolfgang Amadeus Leonardo da Vinci was

Mozart was a famous a famous Italian painter.
Austrian composer. He He lived in the 15th and 16th
composed over 600 centuries in Italy.
pieces of music, 22 of He painted Mona Lisa,
which were operas. He a portrait of the lady
was a real music whiz with the most famous
kid. Even as a child he and mysterious smile in
could play many musical history. Leonardo was
instruments. He started also an inventor,
composing when he was five an engineer, an architect and even
years old. When he was six, he started giving a musician. He designed the bicycle,
concerts. Soon he became very famous and the helicopter and many things we use today.
travelled a lot. He played to kings and queens. Leonardo da Vinci was a vegetarian, and in
Mozart died very young. Nobody knows where his famous painting The Last Supper there
he was buried. is no meat.

Charlie Chaplin was a comedy Ivana Brlić Mažuranić was a

actor and a film director. He famous children’s author. Her
was born in the UK. He was father was a writer, too, and
very poor. Charlie moved to her grandfather was
the USA, where he worked a famous poet and politician.
in Hollywood. He acted in She had six children, so she
many silent films. read her books to them. Her
The character he played – most famous books are
The Tramp – is a poor man The Marvellous Adventures
with a small round hat and a small moustache. and Misadventures of Hlapić the Apprentice
His trousers and shoes were too big for him, so and Croatian Tales of Long Ago. She was
he walked in a funny way. a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature
Charlie Chaplin got two Oscars. He died on twice, but she didn’t get it. People call her
Christmas Day in 1977. the Croatian Anderson. Guess why!

I Read the texts again, then complete these sentences with the correct name.

1 saw a lady with a beautiful smile. He painted her.

2 loved tales and legends. She wrote Croatian Tales of Long Ago.
3 could compose and play instruments at the age of five.
4 got two Oscars.

90
 THE PAST SIMPLE OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Charlie Chaplin acted in silent films. He got two Oscars.

We make the past tense of regular verbs with -ed.

But many verbs in English are irregular.
We must learn and remember the past tense of irregular verbs.

become /bˆ²kŸm/ became /bˆ²keˆm/ have /hæv/ had /hæd/

can /kæn/ could/k™d/ read /ri°d/ read /red/
come /kŸm/ came/keˆm/ say /seˆ/ said /sed/
get /get/ got /g‰t/ see /si°/ saw /sŒ°/
go /gœ™/ went /went/ write /raˆt/ wrote /rœ™t/

J Match these irregular verbs. K Work in pairs. Make six sentences.

Then listen and check.
Read aloud. acted
in Hollywood.
1 can went became
track 38 Ivana Brlić two Oscars.
2 go saw Mažuranić came
books to her children.
3 see could could
in many films.
4 say said Leonardo designed
six children.
5 become got da Vinci died
to the USA.
6 read had got
young.
7 write read Charlie had
Mona Lisa.
8 get came Chaplin lived
in Italy.
9 have became painted
the first helicopter.
10 come wrote Wolfgang read
Amadeus many instruments.
travelled
Mozart famous.
went
a lot.
worked
SPEAKING

L Discuss these questions.

• W hich of these four people had the most CHARL
IE AMADEUS
interesting life? Why?
• Which of them, in your opinion, was LEONARDO CHAPLIN
the most important for the history of
IVANA '
BRLIC
NG
the world? Why?
• Which of them would you like to meet?
FGA
Why?
• Read the facts about him / her again.
WOL MOZA
RT
Can you talk about this person for at MAZURANIC' da VINCI
least 30 seconds?

91
 5.3
N D A DOG
LA DIES A
SEVEN
A In pairs, think of six famous people from the past or from the present. Write down their
names. How many of them are men, and how many are women?

B Do you recognise any of these women? What about the dog?

4
2
1 3

5 6 8
7

C 
Ana and her classmates are trying to guess the Mystery Lady.
Listen and see if you can guess before them. Then check.
track 39

THE PAST SIMPLE – NEGATIVE

Agatha Christie didn’t live in the USA. She lived in the UK.
One evening, she didn’t come home. She came back after a few days.

We make the negative past tense with did not or didn’t and the simple form of the verb.

QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS

Did Agatha Christie write books? Yes, she did. Where did Agatha Christie live?
Did she say anything? No, she didn’t. What did she do?

We make questions in the past simple tense with did and the simple form of the verb.
Short answers are made with did or didn’t.

92
 MORE IRREGULAR VERBS
know /nœ™/ knew /nju°/
buy /baˆ/ bought /bŒ°t/ make /meˆk/ made /meˆd/
find /faˆnd/ found /fa™nd/ meet /mi°t/ met /met/
give /gˆv/ gave /geˆv/ speak /spi°k/ spoke /spœ™k/

D Match the simple and the past simple E Match the past simple form and
form of these irregular verbs. Then the negative past simple form of
listen and check. Read the pairs aloud. the verbs.
1 know bought 1 had didn’t see
track 40
2 find made 2 lived wasn’t
3 give found 3 met didn’t live
4 speak gave 4 saw didn’t explain
5 make knew 5 explained didn’t speak
6 meet spoke 6 was didn’t have
7 buy met 7 spoke didn’t meet

F Circle the correct word(s).

Agatha Christie was / wasn’t born in the UK. She had / didn’t have an interesting life. With her
husband she travelled / didn’t travel to Egypt and many other countries.
Agatha Christie wrote / didn’t write crime stories and plays. She created / didn’t create Mr Poirot
and Miss Marple.
Once she came home late / didn’t come home. Her family knew / didn’t know where she was.
After a few days the police found / didn’t find her in a hotel under a different name. She explained /
didn’t explain why she was there. It was a mystery.

G Answer the questions.

1 Where was Agatha Christie born?
2 Where did she travel?
3 What did she write?
4 Who did she create?
5 What did she do one evening?
6 Where did the police find her?

93
 WORDSPOT a nun World War I
ture
H Do you know these words? Look them up in an adven pilot a flight
the wordlist at the end of the book. to disappear ent
a soldier a chemical elem

READING
Amelia Earhart was
an American. She didn’t go
I Read about these ladies and say why
to college, but decided to
they are famous. What did they do?
become a nurse and go and
Which one would you like to meet? help soldiers in World War I.
Why? But a one-minute flight in
track 41
a plane changed her life. She
loved it so much that she
Marie Curie was born in Poland, became a pilot. She bought a plane
but she lived and worked in and was the first lady to cross the Atlantic. At
France. At school she loved that time it was a very dangerous adventure.
science, especially physics She decided to fly round the world with
and chemistry. another pilot. At the beginning everything was
What did she do? With fine. Then her plane disappeared. The control
her husband Pierre she tower got a strange message. They looked for
discovered two chemical the plane and the two pilots, but they never
elements – polonium and radium. They found them.
got the Nobel Prize for this discovery, and Marie
was the first woman who ever got that prize.
Later, she got one more, so she was also the first Florence Nightingale and
person who got two Nobel prizes. Mother Theresa both
How did she die? She died of leukaemia, probably worked a lot and helped
as a result of dangerous radioactive experiments. the sick and the poor. But
they didn’t live in the same
country or at the same
time.
Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Florence was born in
Victoria were English queens. Italy, but she lived in
They were both very young the UK. She could speak
when they became queens. English, Italian, French,
When did they live? Elizabeth in German, Latin and Greek.
the 16th and 17th centuries, and As a nurse in the war she
Victoria in the 19th. helped soldiers, taking
Elizabeth didn’t have a care of the sick even at
husband or children. She said, night, so they gave her
“My country is my husband.” a nickname: “the lady with the lamp”. She
Victoria was married and had met Queen Victoria, who helped her to open
many children. When her a school for nurses.
husband died, she was so sad Mother Theresa was born in Macedonia, but
that she decided to wear black she lived in many countries, and longest in
for the rest of her life. India. She was a nun. She saw lots of poor
They were both very strong and clever. They liked and sick people in the streets of India and
peace, and helped science and culture. Their decided to open a special home where she
people liked them. helped them. She got the Nobel Peace Prize.

94
J Choose the correct answer.
1 Did Marie Curie get two Nobel prizes? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
2 Did Amelia Earhart fly over the Pacific? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
3 Did Queen Elizabeth I have children? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
4 Did Queen Victoria have children? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
5 Did Florence Nightingale visit her patients at night? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
6 Did Mother Theresa get the Nobel Peace Prize? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.

K Make these sentences negative. L Make these sentences affirmative.

1 Marie Curie lived in Poland. 1 Marie Curie didn’t do experiments.
2 Amelia Earhart got a Nobel prize. 2 The people of England didn’t like
3 Florence Nightingale went to school Queen Elizabeth I.
in Italy. 3 Florence Nightingale didn’t meet
4 Mother Theresa had children. Queen Victoria.
4 Mother Theresa didn’t go to India.

M Answer the questions.

1 What did Marie Curie discover? 4 How did Mother Theresa help the sick
2 What did Amelia buy? and the poor?
3 Why did the soldiers call Florence Nightingale 5 When did Queen Elizabeth I live?
“the lady with the lamp”? 6 Who got a Nobel prize?

N Complete the text about Laika.

Laika was born in 1953 in Russia. She (be) an astronaut.

Laika couldn’t read, write or speak; she only (bark).
Laika, a stray dog, (be) the first animal to orbit
the Earth. She (go) into space before people because
scientists (want) to see if a living creature could
survive in space. Laika (die) in the spaceship. In 2008,
she (get) a monument. It shows a dog standing on top of a rocket.

writing and SPEAKING

O Choose one of these ladies. Imagine that you can interview her. Write 6 questions for
her using the prompts below. Then act the interview out with your partner.

1 
Where did you live? 5 
How did you feel when...?
2 
When did you...? 6 
Why did you...?
3 
What did you...? 7 
Did you...?
4 
What happened when...? 8 
Were you…?

95
 5.4
ALIBI
PETE’S
WORDSPOT our to accuse upset
a neighb out of order
A Find the word
an alibi to apologise
or phrase a notice to cheer up
that fits to get trappe to steal
d
the definition.
to get trapped
1 can’t move or get out
2 worried, sad or angry
3 a person who lives next to you or near you
4 to say that you are sorry
5 to say that somebody did something bad
6 to take something that is not yours
7 broken, not working
8 information on a piece of paper
9 to make someone happier or less sad
10 it shows that you are not guilty

B Here are some more irregular

verbs. Match their simple
forms to their past simple
forms. Then listen and check.
track 42 Read the pairs aloud. MORE IRREGULAR VERBS
1 feel lost
2 hear put feel /fi°l/ felt /felt/
3 lose heard hear /hˆœ(r)/ heard /h‡:rd/
4 put felt lose /lu°z/ lost /l‰st/
5 steal stole put /p™t/ put /p™t/
steal /sti°l/ stole /stœ™l/

Listening
C Listen and say which of these sentences is true.
a) Russell and Pete got trapped in the lift and
called the fire fighters.
track 43
b) Pete got trapped in the lift, and then Gabi
accused him of stealing her mobile phone.
c) Russell got trapped in the lift, and Pete got
a new mobile phone.

96
 D Listen again and answer the questions.
1 Did Pete have a horrible day? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
2 Did a neighbour help him? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
track 45 3 Did Ms Nelson call the police? Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
4 Did Pete steal the mobile phone? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
5 Did he have an alibi? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
6 Did Ms Nelson and Gabi apologise? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.

E Make these sentences negative.

Example: Pete had a great day yesterday.
Pete didn’t have a great day yesterday.
1 Pete lost his phone.
2 Pete’s neighbours heard Pete immediately.
3 Pete saw the OUT OF ORDER notice before
he got into the lift.
4 Pete stole Gabi’s phone.
5 Ms Nelson called the police.

F Make these sentences affirmative.

Example: Pete didn’t get trapped yesterday.
Pete got trapped yesterday.
1 Pete didn’t call for help.
2 A neighbour didn’t hear him.
3 Gabi didn’t accuse him of stealing.
4 Pete didn’t have an alibi.
5 Gabi and Ms Nelson didn’t apologise.

Writing
G Imagine you got trapped in a lift.
Write a story by answering these
questions.
1 When did it happen?
2 How long did you stay there?
3 What did you do?
4 Did you call for help?
5 How did you feel?
6 How did you get out?

97
 SPEAKING
H Answer the questions.
1 Why did Gabi accuse Pete of stealing her
phone?
2 How would you feel if someone accused
you of stealing? What would you do?
3 Did Ms Nelson and Gabi do right to
apologise to Pete?
4 Do you apologise or say that you are sorry
when you are wrong?
5 How can you cheer up your friends when
they are in a bad mood?

I Which of these phrases do we use when we apologise? Which of them are the answers
to an apology? Copy them in the right place.

That's OK. Please forgive me. Never mind. I'm really sorry.
I didn't mean to hurt you. Don't worry, I'm fine.

EVERYDAY ENGLISH / Apologising

This is what we can say when This is how we can answer when
we apologise to someone: someone apologises to us:

J Gabi and the teacher apologised to Pete. Complete their dialogues, then act them out.

Peter, I would like to apologise. Don't worry, Miss. I'm fine. I didn't mean to hurt you.

Dialogue 1 Dialogue 2
Gabi: Pete. I’m really sorry. I was so upset Teacher:
about this phone. Pete: You don’t have to. I’m OK.
Pete: Never mind. Teacher: Oh, no Peter. It’s my fault. I accused
Gabi: No, please forgive me. you of stealing. It wasn’t fair of me.
I’m really, really sorry.
Pete: That’s OK. Pete:
Teacher: Thank you, Peter.

K Imagine that you didn’t invite your friend to a party. You hurt him / her. Apologise.
Write down a dialogue. Then act it out.

98
L Which of the phrases in the Everyday English box below did Russell say to Pete to cheer
him up?

EVERYDAY ENGLISH / Cheering people up

Cheer up! Don’t worry about the test! We can study together.
Come on, Pete! It’s not that bad. We can work it out.
Let’s go out and play.

M What can you say to cheer these children up?

3
1 Your friend's
Your friend has team lost a very
lost his / her 2
Your friend broke important match.
favourite cap. his / her arm
yesterday and is now
in hospital.

6
4 One girl in your class
Your friend's 5
Your friend looks very sad and
dog died last worried today.
is unhappy in
weekend.
love.

N Work with a partner. One of you says her / his problem and the other cheers her / him
up. Practice the conversation and then act it out in class.

O Russell helped Pete to study for the history test about famous people. They played
“The Mystery Person Game”. Here is an example. Can you guess who the mystery person is?
1 Was he born in Europe? Yes, he was.
2 Was he born in the 18th century? Yes, he was.
3 Was he an actor? No, he wasn’t.
4 Was he a writer? No, he wasn’t.
5 Was he a musician? Yes, he was.
6 Did he travel a lot? Yes, he did.
7 Did he go to the USA? No, he didn’t.
8 Did he play the piano? Yes, he did.
9 Did he play for kings and queens? Yes, he did.
10 Did he die young? Yes, he did.

The mystery person is .

99
 Miss Agatha Investigates

THE CASE OF THE

PINK TEDDY BEAR
Pete is tired of studying. He decides to relax and
read. He reads about another of Miss Agatha’s cases.

WORDSPOT
nd
a diamo
A
Circlethewordsyou an owner
think are from the an assis
text. Read tant
of
a pro

CINDY’S
the text and find
a case
them.
a robber to solve
e

READER
an o f f ic
ir
to follow a suspect a funfa

100
As you know, Lady Agatha is a famous detective. “Why did he do that, I wonder?” Miss Agatha
She is an old lady, so she usually solves cases says.
from her office. That’s why she’s talking on “Miss Agatha, then something really strange
the telephone now. She’s talking to her assistant, happened. He didn’t win a teddy, but the owner
Slim Sam. Yesterday he followed Mr Longfinger, gave him a pink teddy bear anyway.”
a famous diamond robber. Mr Longfinger is ”Slim Sam, bring Mr Longfinger here at once!”
a suspect in a diamond robbery, but the police “Are you sure, Miss Agatha?”
have got no proof. “Of course I’m sure!”
“Tell me what happened, Slim Sam.”
”I followed the suspect. First, he entered ***
the funfair.” Slim Sam and Mr Longfinger are in Miss Agatha’s
“How strange“, says Miss Agatha. office.
“Then he went to the Big Wheel.” “Why am I here? Can’t a man spend the
“The Big Wheel? Did he have a bag?” afternoon
“No, he didn’t.” at the funfair?” Mr Longfinger says.
“OK. What did he do then?” “Of course, Mr Longfinger. But give me the
“Then he walked towards the bottle stall. He teddy bear you are holding!”
talked to the owner for five minutes and paid Miss Agatha takes the teddy and cuts it open.
him for a set of balls.” Inside the teddy there are… stolen diamonds!
“People usually don’t talk to strangers for that “A very good idea, Mr Longfinger, but next time
long. What did he do then?” you must throw better. Slim Sam, call the police,
“He started throwing the balls at the coloured please! The case of the stolen diamonds is
bottles to win a teddy bear.” solved.”

B Read the text again and complete C Put the story in the right order.
the case form.
 iss Agatha found the diamonds in
M
the teddy bear.
CASE NUMBER
: 2846 1 First, Mr Longfinger entered the funfair.

INVESTIGAT He started throwing balls at the bottles.

OR:
 hen he went to the bottle stall and
T
INVESTIGAT talked to the stall owner.
OR’S ASSIS
TANT:
 he owner gave Mr Longfinger a pink
T
STOLEN OBJ
ECT(S): teddy although he didn’t win it.
SUSPECT:  lim Sam and Mr Longfinger talked to
S
Miss Agatha in her office.
PROOF THAT
HE IS GUIL
TY:

D Act the story out in groups of four.

101
 For my
portfol io My learning diary

What do you think about this unit?

1/ Why is it called “Who Was Who?”

2/ I think this unit is (tick what is true for you):

PROJECTS easy.

Choose one project not very easy.

and do it in a group. difficult.

3/ What was easy? What was difficult?

1/ A famous person 4/ I like lesson best.
from the past 5/ In this unit I don't like .

First decide who you want to 6/ My favourite word(s) from this unit is (are):
write about (an actor, .
a singer, an athlete, a writer,
a scientist etc.). Then find
some information about this Circle what you can do after this unit.
person (in a book, in
a magazine, on the Internet I CAN I NEED MORE PRACTICE
etc.). Write who he / she was,
what his / her job was, where I can say where I was and where other people were
he / she lived, what he / she
yesterday.
did and why you like this
person. Read once again what I can describe a childhood photo.
you wrote, check the spelling
and correct the mistakes. I can ask questions with was and were.
Finally, copy it onto a piece of
paper, add some pictures, and I can talk about some famous people from the past.
show it to your friends and
your teacher. I can talk about the things I did or didn't do yesterday.

I can ask questions and give answers about the past.

2/ The mystery I can say the past simple tense of these verbs:
person game become, buy, can, come, feel, find, get, give, go, have,
hear, know, lose, make, meet, put, read, say, see,
Think of a person. Write speak, steal, write.
questions and short answers
about this person. Show them I can apologise to my friends.
to your partner. Can
he / she guess who I can cheer up a friend.
the mystery person is?

102
 6 I
THE
C A N
AMER
DREAM
u will...
In this unit yo mous.
cu ss w h a t it is like to be fa
dis you
a q u iz to ch eck how much
do e USA .
know about th e USA .
so m e n e w facts about th
lea rn
read maps.
learn how to
rs.
read numbe h ri stopher Colu
m bu s
lk a b o u t C
read and ta erica was discovered.
a nd h o w A m
Sioux
a b o u t S it ti n g Bull and the
read
Indians. lly was.
o u t w h o P o cahontas rea
find Wild West.
w h a t lif e w as like in the
learn ”.
h M y D a rl in g, Clementine
sing “O e of
st simple tens
learn the pa regular verbs.
some more ir
or
retell a story
a dream.
your day
write about in a letter
in a diary or
.
to your friend
 6.1
BIG S TAR
T HE

WORDSPOT
A Look at the words and expressions on the left. Do you know what they mean?
Check with your partner or your teacher. Then match the pairs.
1 a spoiled brat to see someone or something and to know who / what it is
2 an autograph to let something fall on the floor
3 to recognise 1 a child who usually gets everything he / she wants
4 to put on weight the signature of a famous person on a piece of paper or on a photo
5 to lose weight to become fatter
6 to drop something to become thinner

READING
B Read the newspaper story about Russell and answer the questions.
1 Why is Russell in New York? 2 What is the film about?

FILM NEWS
The Big Aussie Child Star in New York

New York - Russell Rogers, the famous Australian had some hot dogs together. The film is about
child star, came to New York a week ago to make Tim, a spoiled kid who is kidnapped and learns
his new film. The film is called The Spoiled Brat, how to be nicer. It is really interesting to play
and Rogers is playing a spoiled rich kid who Tim, but for this film I had to put on weight and
gets kidnapped. Russell Rogers told our reporter change the colour of my hair. I always thought
how he feels about his new film: “I’m impressed that actors were good at changing, but when they
with the city. I spoke to some teenagers who brought me a funny wig and a big breakfast this
recognised me in the street, and I gave them my morning I thought, “Uhhh, it isn’t always easy to
autograph. They were really nice, and we even be an actor.”

C Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 When did Russell Rogers arrive in New York? 3 What did he have to change for this film?
2 Who did he speak to in the street? 4 How does he feel about his new film?

104
D Match the sentences. Then read the pairs of sentences aloud.
PRESENT PAST
1 I tell reporters how I feel. I thought that actors were good at changing.
2 I speak to kids who recognise me I gave kids my autograph.
in the street. They brought me a wig.
3 I give kids my autograph. We ate hot dogs.
4 We eat hot dogs. 1 I told reporters how I felt.
5 I think that actors are good at changing. I spoke to kids who recognised me
6 I have to put on weight. in the street.
7 They bring me a wig. I had to put on weight.

E Work in pairs. Cover the right-hand column in Task D now.

Do you remember the sentences in the past simple tense?
Try to say them, and your partner can check.

MORE IRREGULAR VERBS

bring /brˆ©/ brought /brŒ°t/ tell /tel/ told /tœ™ld/

eat /i°t/ ate /et/ or /eˆt/ think /¥ˆ©k/ thought /¥Œ°t/
* I have to put on weight. – I had to put on weight.

F Complete Russell’s e-mail to his grandma. Use the verbs: had, spoke, thought, had to,
went, gave and brought.

To: jane.rogers@bb.org
Subject: Hi from NY!

Dear Grandma,
I like New York, but I don’t have a lot of free time. Yesterday I to
see the Statue of Liberty. I to some kids who recognised me in
the street. I them my autograph. Then we some hot dogs
together.
You probably want to know what the film is about.
It is about a spoiled kid who gets
kidnapped.
Now, be ready for a surprise:
for this film I to put on
weight and change the colour of my hair!
Yesterday they me lunch that
wasn’t very tasty. I ,
“It isn’t always easy to be an actor.”
I wish I could have a slice of your
famous apple pie – yummy-yummy :).
I miss you all so much.
Love, Russell

105
 READING
G Read the title of the article. What do you think the text will be about? Read it and find out.
Which of these statements is true?
a) Real kidnappers came and kidnapped Russell Rogers.
b) Russell was so tired that he had to stop filming for some time.
c) Russell is a spoiled actor and other actors don’t like him.

FILM NEWS
The Big Star Takes a Break

New York - After two months of filming, Our reporter also found out that
Russell Rogers decided to take a short break. Russell missed his parents very
“I’m fed up with everything”, he said. much. They tried to have lunch
“Yesterday I tried to run in the scene together several times, but he
where the kidnappers were after me, but I could never go with them
just couldn’t do it. I also dropped because he was busy
a glass full of water because I was filming. As for the film,
tired. I think we all need some no one knows what will
time out.” happen.

H Find the words or phrases in the text which show that…

1 Russell stopped filming for some time.

2 Russell is tired of filming.
3 Kidnappers tried to catch him.
4 Russell and his parents want to spend
more time together.

a) Some regular verbs in the past double the last letter before the ending -ed.

drop -dropped stop-stopped kidnap-kidnapped

b) Some regular verbs in the past change the letter y into i before the ending -ed.

try-tried cry-cried

106
I Complete the gaps using the past simple tense of these verbs:

speak miss eat drop try feel read listen

1 He r the script.
2 He l to the film director’s instructions.
3 He s to some other actors.
4 He a a lot of chocolate and sweets.
5 He d a glass of water.
6 He t to run but f tired.
7 He also m his family.

J The film is finished. Russell is back in school. The children ask him questions about
the film. Think of his answers.
1 Where did you sleep? 4 Why did you feel tired?
2 Where did you eat? 5 When did you study for school?
3 How did you put on weight? 6 What time did you start filming?

K Read what Russell said about the filming and make questions so that the parts of
the sentences in colour are the answers.
Example: I ate a lot of pasta for lunch. What did you eat for lunch?
1 I got up at 6 to go jogging. When did you…?
2 I read the script for 40 minutes. How long…?
3 I went to a swimming pool once a week. How often…?
4 I stopped filming at 6 p.m.. What time did you…?
5 Every evening, I read my school books. What did you…?

L Now make Russell’s sentences negative.

Example: I ate just chocolate. I didn’t eat just chocolate.
1 I had to read the script all day. 3 I went shopping for sweets every day.
2 I read the newspaper every day. 4 I got up late.

SPEAKING

M Get into groups. Use the questions from Tasks

J and K to prepare 5 questions for an interview
with Russell. Then act out the interview: one
of you is Russell. Ask him questions.

N Discuss these questions.

1 What do you think: is it easy to be a child film star?
2 Do you think child film stars are happy?
3 Do you think they are lonely? Why (not)?
4 Do you think they miss their friends?
5 How do you think they study for school exams?

107
 6.2
USA QUIZ
ZAC K’S
A At Ana’s school, pupils often do projects and reports. Yesterday was Zack’s turn. He had
to say something about the present and past of the USA, the country he comes from.
Before you hear Zack’s report, see if you recognise these photos. Then listen and check.

track 44

3
1

5
4

6
7 8

WORDSPOT
B Look at these words. Do you know what they mean? Look them up in the wordlist.
Then match the pairs and explain the connection between them.
1 a square Africa 4 waterfalls park
2 a bulb 1 a circle 5 amusement books
3 a slave electricity 6 to borrow mountain

108
 Listening
C This is the quiz Zack prepared for his class. Do the quiz, then listen to Zack’s report and
check your answers. You score one point for each correct answer.

track 45
THE USA QUIZ
1 The United States of America is: 10 In Hollywood there are a lot of:
a) a country. b) a continent. c) a city. a) rap and rock singers.
b) actors.
c) basketball players.
2 How many states are there in the USA?
a) 30. b) 50. c) 60.
11 The name of the big bridge over
the San Francisco Bay is:
3 On the American flag there are
a) Brooklyn Bridge.
thirteen stripes and fifty:
b) Tower Bridge.
a) suns. b) squares. c) stars. c) The Golden Gate Bridge.

4 The American President lives: 12 The name of the waterfalls between the USA
a) in the White House. and Canada is:
b) in the Yellow House. a) Victoria Falls. b) Iguazú Falls. c) Niagara Falls.
c) in the Green House.

13 The part of the USA that you

5 The name of the big river which can see in westerns is called:
flows through the USA is:
a) the Wild West.
a) the Volga. b) the Wild East.
b) the Mississippi. c) the Old East.
c) the Thames.

14 The famous American inventor who, among

6 The capital of the USA is: other things, invented the electric light bulb was:
a) New York. a) Bill Clinton. b) Thomas Edison. c) Henry Ford.
b) Washington, D.C.
c) Chicago.
15 Mark Twain wrote:
a) Oliver Twist.
7 The United Nations
b) The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.
building is in:
c) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
a) New York.
b) Washington.
c) San Francisco.

8 L.A. is short for: SCORE

a) New York. 12 to 15: Well done! You really know a lot about
b) San Francisco. the USA. Would you like to visit the USA?
c) Los Angeles. 6 to 11: Quite good, but you could do better. Why don't you
borrow a book about the USA or surf
9 The Big Apple is the Internet?
a nickname for: 0 to 5: You don’t know very much about the USA,
a) New York City. do you? Why don’t you read something about
b) San Francisco. the country and then do the quiz again?
c) Los Angeles.
109
 D Go through the quiz once again. What did Zack talk about? Circle the correct answers.

the number of states / the number of people who live in the USA / the American flag /
the American President / the capital of the USA / some American cities /
apples and other fruit / bridges / rivers and waterfalls / oceans /
American national holidays / American cars / slavery / Indians / Thomas Edison /
Bill Gates and Steve Jobs / American writers / American sport

READING
E Here is a fact file about the USA. Complete it with the missing information:

50 Washington, D.C. Alaska Bald Eagle Mississippi

Capital:
Independence Day: 4 July

National bird:
National flower: Rose
Number of states:
Area: 9,631,418 sq km
Population: 295,750,000 inhabitants
Size: World's third-largest country by size (after Russia and
Canada) and by population (after China and India).
Largest state:
Smallest state: Rhode Island
Largest cities: New York (over 8 million), Los Angeles, Chicago
Border countries and oceans*: Canada, Mexico
*in American English ‘’ocean’’ means the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico,
‘’ocean’’ and ‘’sea’’ the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic
Languages: English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other languages 7.2%
Number of national parks: 58
Longest rivers: Missouri,
Highest point: Mt McKinley (Alaska) – 6,194 m
Lowest point: Death Valley (California) – 86 m below sea level

110
 Numbers

20 twenty 21 twenty-one Fractions

30 thirty 33 thirty-three
40 forty 47 forty-seven
50 fifty 52 fifty-two 1/2 one-half / a half
60 sixty 69 sixty-nine 2/3 two-thirds
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety

100 a / one hundred Percentages

200 two hundred
517 five hundred (and) seventeen
20% twenty percent (per cent)
1000 a / one thousand 82.1% eighty-two point one
1121 one thousand one hundred percent
(and) twenty-one

F Answer these questions.

1 How many states are there in the USA?
2 What is the population of the USA?
3 Which is the largest state in the USA?
4 What percentage of the population speaks English?
5 How many national parks are there in the USA?
6 How high is the highest point in the USA?

Writing
G Read the quiz questions and facts about the USA again.
You can also use books or the Internet. Then write
a report on the USA. Write:
1 where it is and how many states there are.
2 about its flag.
3 about the national holidays.
4 about the President and where he / she lives.
5 what the capital of the USA is.
6 about its big cities.
7 about the biggest rivers or waterfalls.
8 about its history.
9 about some of the famous people from its past.
10 about some of the famous people from its present.
11 if you would like to visit the USA, and explain why / why not.

111
 6.3
P TAIN
T HE CA
WORDSPOT
A Do you know any of these words: a journey, to discover, flat, to refuse, to shout,
a sailor, a caravel? Look them up in the wordlist and then match them to their
definitions below.
Example: to find something you didn’t know existed: to discover
1 to say loudly 4 a trip
2 to say “no” 5 a person who works on a ship
3 not round 6 a type of sailing ship

READING
B Read the text This is a story about how: a) Marco Polo travelled to China.
and circle the b) Ferdinand Magellan found a sea route to India.
correct answer. c) Christopher Columbus discovered America.
track 46

On 12 October 1492 a sailor on La Pinta Columbus took the best sailors and left Spain
shouted, “Land!” With this word Christopher on 3 August 1492. The journey was very difficult,
Columbus entered history as the man who and the sailors were afraid. For many days
discovered the New World. they saw only the sky and the sea. The sailors
wanted to go back, but Columbus said, “No.
At that time people believed that the Earth
Sail on.” They sailed for ten weeks, then they
was flat, but Christopher Columbus believed
finally saw a bird, which was a sign that land
that it was round. He had the idea, which
was near. It was an island. Columbus named it
was unusual for that time, of sailing
San Salvador.
the other way round: that is, to sail west from
Europe to get to the east or, more precisely, Columbus made three more journeys to America.
to India. Columbus needed money for such However, in 1506, the man who discovered
an unusual journey. He asked for the money the New World died poor and sad. But after
from the King of Portugal, but the King his discovery the world would never be
refused. Then Columbus went to the Spanish the same again. Europe got potatoes, tomatoes,
Queen, Isabella, and she gave him three chocolate and maize from America, and America
caravels. They were called La Pinta, La Niña got horses, sheep, chickens, pears, peaches,
and La Santa María. smallpox and many other illnesses from Europe.

C Read the text again and correct these sentences.

1 Columbus believed that the Earth was flat. 4 The journey was easy.
2 He asked for the money from the King of England. 5 Columbus died in 1605.
3 He had four ships. 6 He died rich and happy.

112
D Make questions so that the words in colour are the answers.
1 He believed that the Earth was round. What did he...?
2 He asked for the money from the King of Portugal. Who did...?
3 Then he went to Spain to ask Queen Isabella. Why...?
4 Columbus left Spain on 3 August. When...?
5 They saw a bird after ten weeks. What...?
6 On 12 October Columbus put the Spanish flag onto an island. Where...?
7 He made three more journeys to the New World. How many...?
8 He died in Spain in 1506. When...?

SPEAKING
E Discuss these questions.
1 Do you think Christopher Columbus was a brave man?
2 Why do you think the sailors were afraid?
3 Would you like to be a sailor on his ship and
discover a new continent?
4 Would you like to visit the American continent(s)?
Which countries?

DAYS OF THE WEEK DATES

Monday Tuesday Wednesday 4 March

Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday read: the fourth of March
or 4th March
read: the fourth of March
MONTHS OF THE YEAR or March 4
read: March the fourth
January February March April
May June July August September
October November December PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

days on Monday
YEARS dates on 4 March
months in September
years in 2015
1492 read: 14 92 (fourteen ninety-two)
2014 read: 2
 0 14 (twenty fourteen or
two thousand and fourteen)

F Complete the sentences with in or on and read the dates.

1 Columbus left Spain 3 August 1492.

2 October 1492 a sailor on La Pinta shouted, “Land!”
3 12 October 1492 Columbus put the Spanish flag onto an island.
4 Columbus died 1506.

113
 Some more irregular verbs

leave /li°v/  left /left/    take /teˆk/  took /t™k/

G Put the verbs into the past simple tense.

1 The Spanish Queen (give)

Columbus the money he needed.
2 He (take) the best sailors and
(leave) Spain.
3 After a long journey one sailor (see)
a bird.
4 Columbus (make) three more
journeys to America.

Writing
My dear,
H Choose one of the letters or I have a lot of news for you.
the diary page and finish it. You know that I believe that a) Imagine that
the Earth is round. So I Christopher
b) ...or imagine that Queen Isabella decided to sail west to get to Columbus
writes to her best friend the east. But I had no money, writes his wife
so... a letter...

Love,
Dear friend,
Christopher
I have a lot of news for
you.
I can't believe what ha
ppened
three months ago. A ve
ry
handsome young man
called
Christopher Columbus c) …or, as you know, captains write a diary.
came
up with a strange plan. Choose a date and write a diary entry.
He
wanted…

Yours Friday 12 October 1492

Isabella
What a day! I was in
my cabin when I heard,
“Land!” I went up to see
what happened.

114
 LEARNING TO LEARN Map reading
I Use this map and your school atlas to find information about the USA.

1 Name: 3 Unscramble the names of these three

1  two oceans: American states.
1  XTSEA

2  four states: 2  WIOA

3  ZAIRNOA
4 Find these cities in your school atlas and
mark them on the map above. Then write
3  six cities:
the state they are in:
Example: Chicago is in Illinois .
1  San Francisco .
2  Miami .
2 How many names of states start with 3  Dallas .
1  the letter N? . 4  Atlanta .
2  the letter A? . 5  Seattle .

Writing

J Make similar tasks for your partner. Did he / she answer your questions correctly?

115
 6.4 T ING BULL
I T
S SIOUX
AN D T H E
A This is a picture from the western part of the USA in the 19th century. Find eight mistakes.
Example: People didn’t wear baseball caps then.

B What do you think? Was life more interesting then? Explain your answer.

WORDSPOT
2
C Match the words
and the pictures.
1 3
soldiers a buffalo
moccasins
a gold miner an Indian ch
ief
a feather headdress 4
5 6

116
 Reading
D Who was Sitting Bull: a) an Indian chief, b) an American soldier, or c) a gold miner?

E Read the story about Sitting Bull and answer the questions.
Part 1
What was Sitting Bull's name when he was a child?
track 47 What did his headdress look like?

The Sioux lived in the Country of Dakota, where they hunted buffaloes. The boy named “Slow”
was a member of the Sioux Indians. As a child he was very brave, and he got the name “Sitting
Bull”. He was also very clever, and the Indians made him their chief. He got a beautiful chief’s
headdress made of black-and-white eagle feathers. Each feather was for a brave thing he did.

Part 2
Why did the white miners enter the Sioux territory?
Did the Indians want war?
What was Sitting Bull's dream?
Did his dream come true?

At first there was peace between the Indians and the white men, but when the gold miners
discovered gold, they entered the Sioux territory. The Indians didn’t want war. Sitting Bull just
wanted the white men to leave his people alone. Then, in a dream, he saw a battle in which
the Indians won. His dream came true, and after the battle of the Little Bighorn, the Sioux were free.

Part 3
Why did the Indians leave their country?
Were the white people kind to them?
Why did the generals kill Sitting Bull?
What happened to the Sioux after Sitting Bull's death?

But the Sioux’s happiness didn’t last long. They could not find food any more and had to travel
to find it. The white people were not kind to them. Hungry and poor, the Indians had a dream of
another battle against the white people, and they started dancing the Ghost Dance, which they
dance to make dreams come true. The white generals saw them dancing and were afraid that
the Indians might attack, so the soldiers came one night and killed Sitting Bull. After his death more
white men moved into the Indian territory. The Indian way of life was gone forever. Today most
Sioux live on reservations in Dakota and are still doing some of the things their great-grandparents
did; the Ghost Dance is one of them.

SPEAKING
F Discuss these questions.
1 What do you think about Sitting Bull – was he right to fight against the white men?
2 Do you know of any other Indian chief?
3 What do you think is better for Indians – to live on reservations and keep the Indian traditions,
or to move to big cities and live there?

117
 G Put the story about the Sioux in the right order.
Finally the soldiers killed Sitting Bull, the Sioux chief, and moved into the Indian territory.
The Indian way of life was gone forever.
1 At first there was peace between the Indians and the white men, but when the gold miners
discovered gold they entered the Sioux territory.
Then there was the battle of the Little Bighorn. The Sioux won.
After that the Sioux were free, but their happiness didn’t last long because they had to travel
to find food. The white people were afraid that the Indians might attack.

EVERYDAY ENGLISH / Telling a story

These expressions show in what order the events in the story happened:
(At) first… Then… After that… Later... Finally… In the end...
These words connect ideas in a sentence: and but so because

SPEAKING THE STORIES OF POCAHONTAS AND

CLEMENTINE
H a) Do you know the Disney film about Pocahontas?
She was a real person, but her life story was
a little bit different from the one in the film.
b) D
 o you know the song about Clementine?
Look at the pictures on the opposite page.
What happened to her?
c) Choose one of the two stories and tell it.
Use the words and expressions from
the Everyday English box.

The story of Pocahontas The story of

Clementine
born in Virginia – Pocahontas’s father Indian chief –
nickname Pocahontas means “Father’s favourite” – a white a gold miner
soldier, John Smith, Indian prisoner – Pocahontas saved had a daughter – Clementine – big
his life – became friends – peace between white men and feet – big sandals – took ducks to
Indians – John Smith returned to England – Pocahontas water – hit her feet – fell into water –
kidnapped – another Englishman (John Rolfe) helped – fell couldn’t swim – her boyfriend
in love – got married – went to the UK – became famous – couldn’t swim – boyfriend lost his
met the King – died of smallpox – story of her life and love Clementine – very sad – kissed
very popular – Disney – a film Clementine’s sister

MORE IRREGULAR VERBS

fall /fŒ°l/  fell /fel/   swim /swˆm/  swam /swæm/ win /wˆn/ won /wŸn/
hit /hˆt/ hit /hˆt/   wear /weœ(r)/ wore /wŒ°(r)/

118
 CULTURE

Oh My Darling, Clementine
I Sing the well-known traditional song.

CORNER
1
In a cavern, in a canyon,
Excavating for a mine
track 48 Dwelt a miner forty-niner,
And his daughter Clementine.

Chorus:
Oh my darling, oh my darling,
Oh my darling, Clementine!
Thou art lost and gone forever 2
Dreadful sorry, Clementine.

Light she was and like a fairy,

And her shoes were number nine,
cavern – cave Herring boxes, without topses,
excavating – digging
Sandals were for Clementine.
dwelt – lived
dreadful – terrible 3
thou art – you are (chorus)
herring – type of fish
brine – salty water Drove she ducklings to the water
splinter – small, sharp Ev’ry morning just at nine,
piece of wood Hit her foot against a splinter,
ruby – red Fell into the foaming brine.

(chorus)
4 Ruby lips above the water,
Blowing bubbles, soft and fine,
But, alas, I was no swimmer,
So I lost my Clementine.
5
(chorus)

How I missed her! How I missed her,

How I missed my Clementine,
But I kissed her little sister,
I forgot my Clementine.

(chorus)

Writing
J Use your imagination and write a short story about what happened to you and your
friends. Choose one of these topics:
• You and your friends visited the Wild West. You got lost in a canyon. You heard a strange
sound. Wild horses, buffaloes or Indians? What happened? What did you do?
• You and your friends visited a castle. There were ghosts in the castle. What did the they do?
What did you do? What happened to your friends?

These verbs in the past can help you:

came saw brought felt had thought knew said found
became heard lost hit swam fell ate went got
couldn't could had to gave hit wore left
119
 “ALL-AMERICAN”
ANIMALS
A Match the animals’
names to the pictures.
1 the American buffalo
2 the Mustang horse
3 the grizzly bear
4 the chipmunk
5 the turkey
6 the Bald Eagle

B How much do you already know? Which animal in

the pictures above...
1 appeared in the Walt Disney cartoon called Chip ‘n’ Dale?
2 was part of the first Thanksgiving dinner in 1621?

CINDY’S 3
4
attacked Davy Crockett, the hero of the American frontier?
helped Indian tribes move faster?

READER
5 served as food to Indian tribes?
6 has feathers which are used in Indian dances?

120
C Read the texts to find out why these animals are important for the USA.

TURKEY CHIPMUNK
When the first settlers came to America This special type of squirrel exists only
they did not have much to eat, so in North America. An Indian legend says
Indians gave them food, corn and that a chipmunk has three stripes on its
turkey. Benjamin Franklin, a famous back because, a long time ago, the bear
American scientist and politician, scratched it when it was trying to get
wanted to make this wild bird the away. Walt Disney used two chipmunks as
symbol of the USA. cartoon characters.

BALD EAGLE GRIZZLY BEAR

The Bald Eagle is the national symbol A long time ago, the American continent
of the USA. You can see it on coins. It was the home of wild animals, wild nature
represents freedom and power. It was and Indian tribes. When the white man
also a very important bird in Indian came to America, it was difficult to survive
culture. For example, eagle feathers in the wild. Davy Crockett, the American
were used in celebrations and for pioneer, was very good at hunting grizzly
clothes. bears. Grizzly bear skins were used for
covering beds and making clothes.

BUFFALO THE MUSTANG HORSE

The buffalo was very important in The Mustang is also known as the “wild
the lives of Indian tribes who lived on horse”. It roams freely on the plains of
the Great Plains in the USA. Indian tribes the American west. In history, it helped
hunted buffalo for food and clothes. But American pioneers move west. It also
when the white man came, he started helped Indians to hunt buffalo and move
killing the buffalo and building railways more easily. Today, their number is much
where buffalo herds used to live. Some smaller.
people say that killing the buffalo
destroyed Indian culture.

D Answer the questions.

1 How did Indians help early Americans when they came to the new continent?
2 Why is the eagle the national symbol of the USA?
3 Why did Davy Crocket hunt grizzly bears?
4 According to the legend, why does the chipmunk have three stripes on its back?
5 Why did buffalo herds disappear?
6 Where do most Mustang horses live in the USA?

E Which animals are important for Georgia? Look up the English words for the animals on
Georgian money (coins and banknotes).

121
 For my
portfolio My learning diary

What do you think about this unit?

1/ Why is it called “The American Dream”?

2/ I think this unit is (tick what is true for you):

PROJECTS easy.

Choose one project not very easy.

and do it in a group. difficult.

1/ Famous 3/

4/
What was easy? What was difficult?

I like lesson best.

explorers and
5/ In this unit I don't like .
great discoveries 6/ My favourite word(s) from this unit is (are):
First choose a person: .
Marco Polo, James Cook,
Vasco da Gama, Ferdinand
Magellan, Francis Drake or Circle what you can do after this unit.
somebody else. Then find
his / her portrait. After that, I CAN I NEED MORE PRACTICE
write about his / her life
and journeys. Show them I can give my opinion on what it is like to be famous.
on a map. Finally, say why
his / her discoveries are I can say something about the USA.
important.
I can read numbers.

2/ Making your I can say and write the past tense of these verbs:
bring, eat, fall, hit, leave, speak, swim, take, tell, think,
own quiz on wear, win.
georgia, the UK I can talk about Christopher Columbus and how he
or Australia discovered America.

First choose a country. After I can read maps.

that, write about: its flag,
the capital, big cities, sea(s), I can write about my day in a diary or in a letter to
nature, famous people a friend.
(writers, scientists, actors).
Then make a quiz (where I can say something about Sitting Bull and the Sioux
one answer is correct and Indians.
two are not). Finally do
I can tell a story using past events using words such
the quiz with other
as first, then, after that, finally.
groups.

122
 7
u will...
In this unit yo
e future
talk about th
of the planet. ple
a b o u t w ha t different peo rld.
read wo
k a b o u t th e future of the
thin o to
hat you can d
talk about wnet.
save the pla abits.
a b o u t fo od and healthy h
read ns
a bo u t th e H BMC kids' pla
read er.
for the summ
ete is going to
find out if P ember of the H BMC.
become a m ges.
b o u t s o m e w ell-known brid
read a

AT T H E
WH
E H O L D S
FU T U R
 7.1
HA T WILL
W
RE BE LIKE?
T HE FU TU
WORDSPOT a cur to pollute to run out the o
zone
e layer
A Do you know these words?
to become extinct
Look them up in the environmen wildlife
t ox y g e n
the wordlist.

READING
B Read the text about the future and match these headings to the paragraphs.
1 The future in SF books and films
2 Technology
track 51 3 The environment

¤ ¤
What will the future be like? The answer to that question probably lies in
the present. For example, some scientists believe that if we continue to
pollute the environment, planet Earth will be very diferent in the future.
They say that people are responsible for destroying the ozone layer and
much of the wildlife. As a result of what we do today, the planet will
become warmer, more animals will become extinct, rainforests will
not give us enough oxygen, and fresh water will run out.

¤ ¤
Technology is becoming better and smarter every day. It is possible
that one day we will travel from one corner of the planet to another
in no time! Robots will do everyday jobs instead of us. Scientists will
find cures for many illnesses, and we will live much, much longer -
more than 100 years.

¤ ¤
Finally, science-fiction books and films describe the future
in different ways. Some show a big disaster that will almost
destroy the world. Others show enemy aliens who will take
over the world. But some are more optimistic. They say
people will be more intelligent. They will not start any more
wars and they will live in harmony with nature and each other.

C Answer the questions.

1 Who is responsible for destroying the ozone layer?
2 What will happen to temperatures on the Earth?
3 What will happen to wildlife?
4 Will people travel faster?
5 What do science-fiction films and books show?

124
D Complete the sentences. Use the words below.

describe destroy pollute become run out of

1 Too many cars on the streets the air.
2 Too much air pollution can the ozone layer.
3 If we fresh water, what will we drink?
4 Will dolphins extinct?
5 Some science-fiction films the dark future of the world.

WILL future

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

I I
You You
will (’ll) change. will not (won’t) change.
He / She / It He / She / It
We / You / They We / You / They

QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

Will I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they change? Yes, you will. / No, you won’t.

We use will for the future to say what we think will happen in the future.
Time phrases used for the future: tomorrow, next year, in 2050, in 100 years.

E Read these sentences about life on planet Earth in the future. Next to each sentence, put
a if you think it is something good or a if you think it is something bad. If you are not
sure, put a ?.

In 100 years…
…children won’t
go to school.
…children will tell
parents what to do.

…fresh water
will run out.
…aliens will come
to planet Earth.

…cars will fly.

…we will travel
…people will drive
in time.
electric cars.

125
 F What do you think will happen? Choose.
1 In 100 years, people will / won’t live in buildings which are 2 kilometres tall.
2 In 2050, scientists will / won’t have a cure for lots of illnesses.
3 In the 22nd century, the planet Earth will / won’t be the same.
4 Aliens who visit the Earth will / won’t be friendly.
5 People will / won’t be cleverer in 2040.
6 Rainforests will / won’t disappear tomorrow.

G Make predictions. Choose the right answer.

1 Will it be sunny tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.
2 Will it be very hot tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.
3 Will it snow tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.
4 Will it rain tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.

H Make questions for these answers.

Example: Cars will fly. What will fly?

1 People will travel in time machines. How…?

2 Robots will replace teachers. Who…?
3 Aliens will come from another galaxy. Where…?
4 Fresh water will run out. What…?

I Read the dialogues and choose the right answer. Then listen and check. Who do you
agree with?

2 Elliot: What do you think, Pete? Will

track 52 1 robots replace teachers one
Carlos: What do you think, Ana? Will
day?
people live on Mars one day?
Pete: Well, if you ask me, the idea
Ana: I think people will / won’t
of teacher robots is really
move to some other planet
cool! I’m sure they’ll / won’t
because pollution will be
exist.
horrible.
Elliot: Hmmm, I’m not so sure. Will
Carlos: I agree with you. We must do
they take care of us?
more to protect nature.

4
Carlos: In my opinion, people don’t
3 Cindy: I think / don’t think people will take care of wildlife, so lots of
live longer and be healthier. animals will / won’t become
Sam: I can’t agree. Lots of people extinct.
don’t eat healthy food today. Cindy: I think you’re right. We should
take better care of our planet.

126
 EVERYDAY ENGLISH
SAYING WHAT YOU THINK AGREEING DISAGREEING
I think (that)… I agree (with you). I don’t agree (with you).
In my opinion,… (I think) you’re right. I don’t think so.
If you ask me,… Of course. I’m not so sure.

J What do you think will happen in the future? Answer the questions. Use the phrases
from the Everyday English box.
1 Will Harry Potter still be popular in 2020? 4 Will cinemas still exist?
2 Will pandas become extinct? 5 Will all the people in the world speak English?
3 Will fresh water run out? 6 Will children start school at the age of five?

K Read these sentences about the future and say if you agree or disagree with them.

1 2 3
Robots will do housework.
People will only We will wear masks in big
eat vegetables. cities because of pollution. 4
Paper books will disappear.
5 6
7
Aliens will come to planet Earth Children won’t go to school. Boys will
to help us save the planet. They will learn from computers. wear skirts.

YOUR TURN!
L Talk about your life when you grow up. What will you be? Where will you live? Will you
have a family?

CULTURE

M Read about the science-fiction film “WALL-E”. How do you think it ends?
Talk to your classmates who have seen the film or watch it yourself.
CORNER

WALL-E is a film about the future of the Earth if

pollution continues. In the far future, the Earth is
so dirty that people decide to leave it. They leave
a robot called WALL-E on the planet to clean up
all the rubbish. One day, he meets another robot
called EVE who has come to Earth to look for signs
of life. If there are signs of life, people will return
to Earth. WALL-E falls in love with EVE, but when
he shows her the plant that he has found, she
takes it and turns off. EVE is actually waiting
for the spaceship to come and collect her.
WALL-E decides to follow her to the ship, and
the adventure begins...

127
 7.2
C HANGE !
OMISE I’LL
I PR
A Match the sentences to the pictures.

• Pete has long baths. • Pete doesn’t walk to school.

• Pete throws litter on the street. • Pete doesn’t save electricity.
• Pete doesn’t recycle plastic bottles. • Pete doesn’t turn off the lights
when he leaves the room.
• Pete doesn’t save water.
• Pete’s car pollutes the air.

3
1

Listening

B Ana is talking to Pete about helping nature.

What would Pete like to do?
track 53

C Listen again and tick the sentences you hear.

1 I’ll ride a bike more often.
2 I’ll walk to school.
track 53 3 I’ll throw litter on the street.
4 I won’t throw litter on the street.
5 I’ll try to turn on the lights when I don’t need them.
6 I’ll try to turn off the lights when I don’t need them.
7 I’ll definitely recycle more.
8 I’ll change.

128
D Pete would really like to change, but he made two mistakes in
his promises. Can you find them?
1 I won’t throw plastic bottles 5 I will throw away old batteries
and glass bottles into in the rubbish bin.
the same container. 6 I will buy notebooks made
2 I will plant a tree. of recycled paper for
3 I will clean the beach. the new school year.
4 I will throw away old 7 I will leave plastic bags
notebooks in the paper on the beach.
container. 8 I won’t pollute any more.

WILL for promises and decisions

I will (’ll) recycle.

I will not (won’t) throw litter on the street.

E Match the two parts of each sentence to get promises.

1 I’ll put litter on the street.
2 I’ll ride old clothes to people who need them.
3 I’ll give away in the car so often.
4 I won’t ride a bike more often.
5 I won’t throw old batteries in a special container.

YOUR TURN!
F Would you like to change? Which of these promises sound good to you?
1 I’ll phone my grandparents
4 I won’t watch so much TV!
more often!
5 I won’t play computer games
2 I’ll do my homework regularly!
all afternoon!
3 I’ll tidy up my room every day!
6 I won’t text messages so much!

Writing School home Nature Friends

G Write down I'll try to study

two promises harder.
you’d like to
keep for each
category.

129
 WORDSPOT a stom
to choke a century ach
to feed
H Look up the meanings of
a jellyfis
these words in the wordlist. a bottle top a trace h

READING
I Read the text and say who the animal killers are: a) dolphins and turtles.
b) plastic bags and bottle tops.
c) albatrosses.
track 54 d) Dr J. Ludwig and his team.
ANIMAL KILLERS
1  very summer thousands of people
E 5 Dr J. Ludwig and his team of scientists watch
go to the seaside to enjoy the sun, albatrosses and other birds. They say we
beaches and the sea. mustn’t leave bottle tops on the beach because
birds will think that they are food. When they
2 But some people leave traces on eat them, they die. We must keep the beaches
the beach - thousands and thousands clean. Do you know that bottle tops can stay in
of plastic bags and bottle tops. the sea for more than a century?
3 When sea turtles see plastic bags, 6 So, next year, when you go to your favourite
they think they are jellyfish, so they beach, remember that we mustn’t throw things
eat them, choke and die. away in the sea. If you see litter, pick it up. We
4 Thousands of dolphins also die when must all try to do something because when
they try to play with the plastic bags. we throw litter into special containers we have
probably saved a turtle, a dolphin or a baby bird.

J Read the text again. Match the paragraphs to the pictures.

130
SPEAKING
K Look at the pictures and retell the story about animal killers.

L Imagine you are Dr J. Ludwig. How would you answer these questions?
1 Why are bottle tops so dangerous?
2 What did you find in baby albatrosses’ stomachs?
3 Why do turtles eat plastic bags?
4 How long can a bottle top stay in the sea?
5 What can people do to protect sea animals?

MUST / MUSTN’T

We must save sea animals! We mustn’t throw things away in the sea!

We use must to show that we think there is a very good reason for doing something.
Be careful! Do not confuse must with have to.

Mustn’t describes something that is against the rules or something that is bad.

M Choose: must or mustn’t.

3 We must / mustn’t speak loudly in a library.
1 We must / mustn’t light a fire in the forest.
4 We must / mustn’t do our best to keep
2 We must / mustn’t pick up litter. the beach clean.

Writing
N In groups, write a list of 5 things we
must do and 5 things we mustn’t do
to keep nature clean.

131
 7.3
Y HA BI TS
HEALT H
READING
A Read these tips on healthy living from a teen magazine and say if you have healthy habits.

HEALTHY HABITS lu
nch
There are many things children can and you will learn
do to keep healthy. more easily. A glass
For example, school children need eight of fresh orange
hours of sleep every day. This is important juice and some
because if you are not sleepy, you can learn cereal is better
more easily at school the next day. than a salami
Many children already do sport, or at least sandwich
run around after school, which is good. because it has
Sitting too long in front of the computer more vitamins. Healthy snacks include nuts
is not good for your eyes and your back. or fruit that will keep you full and give you
It is important to start your day with energy. Try to have some vegetables for
a healthy breakfast. It will give you energy, lunch every day and eat lots of fish.

B Tick the “healthy” sentences.

2
1
 e must eat a lot of
W  e have to eat a lot of
W
junk food. fruit and vegetables.
We mustn’t eat junk We mustn’t eat fruit
food every day. and vegetables.

4
3
 e must drink a lot
W  e have to wear a helmet
W
of soft drinks. when we ride a bike.
We mustn’t drink soft We mustn’t wear a helmet
drinks every day. when we ride a bike.

6
5
 e must drink
W  e have to go
W
a lot of water. to sleep late.
We mustn’t drink We mustn’t go
water at all. to sleep late.

132
 C What’s in the fridge? Look at the picture of a fridge and answer these questions.

PASTA
MUSHROOMS

SAUSAGES MILK

OLIVE OIL BISCUITS

CARROTS JAM

FRUIT EGGS

CHEESE MEAT

1 Which food in this picture do you like? 7 Which food can you put in a sandwich?
2 Is there any food in the picture that you 8 Which food do you eat for breakfast?
don’t like? 9 Which food do you eat for lunch?
3 Which food is made of milk? 10 Why are some words in blue and some
4 What types of fruit are there in the fridge? words in green?
5 Which vegetables are there in the fridge?
6 Which drinks are there in the fridge?

COUNTABLE NOUNS

a carrot - carrots one tomato - two tomatoes a potato - seven potatoes

Some nouns can be counted. They are called countable nouns.

They can be in the singular or the plural.
There is a carrot in the fridge. There are seven carrots in the fridge.
We use a singular verb with a singular noun and a plural verb with a plural noun.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

rice spaghetti cheese

Some nouns cannot be counted. They are called uncountable nouns.

They cannot be used in the plural.
There is some rice here. There is spaghetti for lunch.
We use a singular verb with uncountable nouns.

133
 D Copy this table into your notebook. Then copy all the food from the picture of a fridge
into the right place in the table.

COUNTABLE
UNCOUNTABLE
SINGULAR PLURAL
biscuits olive oil
a biscuit

E Complete the sentences. Use: is or are.

1 There four carrots in the fridge.

2 There some ham here for your sandwich.
3 There some milk on the table.
4 There some tomatoes in the fridge.

Reading and Listening

F Read the dialogue between Ana and a food expert. Choose the correct word.
Then listen and check.

Ana: Ms Foody, I’m writing a school report on healthy eating habits, and I have some
questions for you. Let’s start with water: how much / how many water is good for us?
track 55
Ms Foody: Water is very important, and it is definitely better for our bodies than fizzy drinks,
which always have a lot of sugar. You should drink six glasses of water a day.
Ana: As you know, children like sweet things. How much / How many chocolate is OK?
Ms Foody: Of course you can have some chocolate every now and then, but try not to eat too
much of it. Too much of anything is not good.
Ana: I know vegetables are important, but broccoli doesn’t sound like fun food.
How many / How much vegetables would you say we should eat a week?
Ms Foody: I know that many / much children don’t like anything green, but vegetables are
good for you because they make you strong, and they are good for your brain, too.
You should eat at least some vegetables every day.
Ana: Thank you for your time, Ms Foody!

how much / How many

How much chocolate can we eat? How much ham is there in the fridge?

How much...? is used with uncountable nouns.

How many biscuits can I eat? How many apples are there in the fridge?

How many…? is used with countable nouns.

134
 SPEAKING
G Work in pairs. Complete the questions. Use: much or many. Then ask your partner and
write down his / her answers.
1 How milk do you drink a day? 4 How carrots do you eat a week?
2 How bananas do you eat a week? 5 How apples do you eat a week?
3 How chocolate do you eat a week? 6 How meat do you eat a week?

H Ana is interviewing some kids from her school about their eating habits.
Read the dialogues and say if their eating habits are healthy or not.

Ana: Do you eat any vegetables for lunch? Ana: Is there any chocolate in your bag?
Jim: No, I eat some meat, but I don’t have Joe: Of course! I always have some
any vegetables because I don’t like chocolate with me.
them.

Ana: Is there any lettuce in your fridge?

Ana: Do you drink any water when you are
Bill: No, there isn’t any lettuce, there
at school?
isn’t any broccoli, and there isn’t any
Sally: No, I usually have a fizzy drink when spinach. I hate vegetables.
I’m thirsty.

SOME / ANY

QUESTIONS Do you eat any vegetables? Is there any chocolate in your bag?

AFFIRMATIVE I have some vegetables for lunch. I always have some chocolate with me.

NEGATIVE I don’t have any vegetables for lunch. There isn’t any lettuce in my fridge.

Some and any can be used with countable and uncountable nouns.

I Work in pairs. Talk to your partner. Ask him / her questions. Answer his / her questions.

A Do you eat any for breakfast? B Yes, I eat some and some
for breakfast.

Do you eat any for lunch? No, I don’t eat any for lunch.
I have and .

135
 7.4
IN DS OU T
SUZ Y F
NOSY
WORDSPOT a bad reputatio top secret nosy
n
A Do you know the meaning of these
a nickname to be sick and tired
words and expressions? If not, look can hard
them up in the wordlist. gossip not fair ly wait

READING
B Look at the gossip page in the school magazine and answer the questions.
1 Who is Nosy Suzy? 3 How many articles are there?
2 Why does she have this nickname? 4 Who are they about?

SCHOOL NEWS GOSSIP PAGE

Nosy Suzy Finds Out

Goodbye Russell! He’s going to write about
I have some sad news. At the end of this the wolf. He says that
school year Russell is leaving us. This is the wolf is like him. It
what he says: “I’m returning to Australia. has a bad reputation
I’m happy because I’m going to see all my and that’s not fair. Is
friends again. I’m not going to make any Pete going to get a new
more films. I’m sick and tired of being nickname – Wolf?
a film star. I want to be a normal kid.”
Good luck, Russell! Are you going to forget Top Secret
us? Keep in touch! We’re going to miss you. The HBMC friends are going to have
a meeting. When are they going to meet?
A Dog for Cindy Where are they going to meet? Nobody
Cindy’s going to get a dog. She isn’t going knows. As usual, it’s top secret. Are they
to buy a dog. She’s going to get a dog going to take on new members?
from an animal shelter and give it a home. “We’re going to decide at the meeting”,
Cindy says Sam and Max are going to help says Elliot, the Club president.
her choose a dog.
Holidays
A New Nickname for Pete Our friend Ana can hardly wait for
Pete is sad because his school marks the summer holidays. She’s going to
are bad. Pete says he isn’t going to play spend her holidays at the seaside, at home
computer games any more. He’s going in Croatia. She’s going to stay with her
to study harder. He’s also going to ask his grandparents. She’s going to swim and
friends for help. Way to go, Pete! play on the beach. Good for you, Ana!
One thing Pete has to do is a science And what about you? How are you going
project. to spend your holidays? Write to us.

136
C Read the gossip page again. Answer the questions.
1 How does Russell feel about being an actor?
2 How does Ana feel about the summer holidays?
3 What does Pete say about the wolf? What may Pete get?
4 Where is Cindy going to get a dog?
5 When and where are the HBMC friends going to meet?

D Who are these sentences about? Complete them with names.

1 is going to spend her holidays at the seaside.

2 isn’t going to play any more computer games.
3 isn’t going to be an actor any more.
4 is going to visit an animal shelter.
5 are going to help her chose a dog.

E Look at the sentence below and choose the correct meaning.

It means that Cindy has a dog.

Cindy is going to get a dog. It means that she is getting a dog at this moment.
It means that she got a dog two months ago.
It means that she wants to have a dog and plans to
get it in the future.

YOUR TURN!
F What are you going to do a) during the break?
b) this evening?
c) at the weekend?

137
 G The Club is having the last meeting of the school year. What are the children talking
about? Read and answer the questions:
1 Who is going away on holiday?
track 56 2 Who is staying at home?
3 Who voted for Pete, and who voted against him?

Cindy: This is my dog, Bonnie. I got her at the shelter. She’s very friendly. She loves books,
like me. She ate part of one of my books. But she’s young, and I hope she’ll learn
to leave my books alone. She and Max are great friends.
Carlos: I have to say something to Ella. Congratulations, Ella. You fooled us again.
Ella: What do you mean?
Carlos: You were at the gallery when we were there. Do you remember? You talked to one of
the guards. As usual, you had a funny hat on!
Ella: Okay, okay. It was me. You didn’t recognise me. It was great fun.
Carlos: I recognised you, but I didn’t want to say anything.
Zack: I’m travelling home to the States next week. My parents are going to take my
brother and me to Disneyland.
Elliot: Lucky you!
Ana: I’m also going home. We’re going to travel by car. It’s a very long journey to Dubrovnik.
Sam: Max and I are staying at home. I’m going to read and we’re
going to take long walks with Cindy and Bonnie. I’m also
going to see Carlos very often.
Carlos: Yes, we’re really twins, but we were separated when we
were babies. Ha-ha!
Elliot: Do we want to accept Pete as a member of our Club? All
those for Pete put up your hands! All right, I can see a lot
of hands. Is anybody against?
Max: Woof!
Bonnie: Woof!
Elliot: With seven votes for and two against, Pete is now a
member of our Club.

H Finish the sentences.

1 Bonnie is .
2 Carlos recognised Ella at .
3 Ella had . Bo
nn
4 Zack and his brother are going to see .
ie

5 Ana is going to travel to Dubrovnik by .

6 Sam is going to .
7 Pete is going to .
8 Max and Bonnie voted .

138
I Follow the lines and find out what they are going to do during their holidays.
Example: Ana is going to lie on the beach.

Ana learn how to make perfect wigs.

Cindy sleep in a tent and try to make a film about wolves.
Ella talk a lot with Sam.
Elliot help Cindy with Bonnie.
Carlos spend more time outdoors.
Sam lie on the beach.
Zack fly to the States.
Pete organise a new HBMC meeting.

J Here are some more things you can do during your holidays. Match the verbs and nouns.
Do you have any more ideas? Which of these things are you going to do?
1 do how to rollerblade
2 spend a picnic
3 explore watermelon
4 go the place where you live
5 read on a trip
6 learn 1 nothing
7 eat some books
8 have time with friends

YOUR TURN!
K Answer the questions.
1 Are you glad school will soon be over?
2 Why are some children not happy when school is over?
3 How are you going to spend your holidays? What are you going to do?

139
 Building Bridges
WORDSPOT
A Help Ana. Look up these words in the wordlist. Copy them in these three columns.

a canyon iron concrete stone

rope
brick steel
a valley the mainland wood

I know what these I think I know what these I don’t know the meanings
words mean: words mean, but I’m not sure: of these words:

B Read the text about bridges and complete it with

these words:

river easy wood

America long connect
Bridges are an important invention; they places
and people. A bridge can be built over a ,
a stream, a valley, a canyon, a road etc. It can be made of
, stone, brick or iron. Today we usually build
bridges using concrete and steel.
Building bridges is not an job. The first bridges
were made of tree trunks or stones. In South ,
the Inca people made rope bridges. Those were a simple type
of today’s bridges.
The real time for bridges was the 19th century, when people
started using steel and concrete, so they could make
bridges.

CINDY’S
READER
140
C Look at the photos. Do you recognise any of these bridges?

D Read the texts and write the name of the bridge. Then match the name with a photo
in Task C.
1 Tower Bridge 2 Krk Bridge 3 The Golden Gate Bridge 4 Brooklyn Bridge

T
 his bridge is a symbol of San Francisco. It  his bridge is the most famous bridge in
T
was built in 1937. It crosses the San Francisco London. It crosses the River Thames. It is
Bay. It is the most photographed bridge in close to the Tower of London, which gives
the world. It is famous for its orange colour it its name. The bridge consists of two
so you can see it even in the fog. pieces which are lifted when a ship goes
under it. Every year a lot of tourists visit
this bridge.
T
 his bridge is one of the oldest bridges in
the USA. It is in New York, and it crosses  his bridge consists of two bridges and
T
the East River from Manhattan to Brooklyn. crosses the Adriatic Sea. It connects
You can see this bridge in lots of films, for the island of Krk and the mainland. It
example in Godzilla, and in video games is one of the most beautiful bridges in
such as SimCity. Croatia.

E Look at the photos. Say which bridge each sentence is about.

1 It is in San Francisco. 5 It crosses the East River.
2 It is in New York. 6 It crosses the River Thames.
3 It is in London. 7 It consists of two bridges over the Adriatic Sea.
4 It is near Rijeka. 8 It is famous for its orange colour.

SPEAKING
F Choose one of the bridges. Describe it to a friend. He / she has to guess which bridge
you have described.

141
 For my
i o
portfol My learning diary
What do you think about this unit?
1/ Why is it called “What the Future Holds”?

2/ I think this unit is (tick what is true for you):

easy.

not very easy.

difficult.

PROJECTS 3/ What was easy? What was difficult?

Choose one project 4/ I like lesson best.

and do it in a group. 5/ In this unit I don't like .

6/ My favourite word(s) from this unit is (are):

1/ Save
.

the planet Tick what you can do after this unit.

Make a poster of things
children can do to save I CAN I NEED MORE PRACTICE
the planet. Draw or find
and paste pictures. Write I can talk about what the future will be like.
sentences with must and
mustn’t. Divide the poster I can say what I will do.
into sections: At home,
At the seaside, In the park. I can make a promise.

I can give my opinion.

2/ Endangered I can agree and disagree with somebody.

animals I can say what I can do to save the planet.

in georgia I can talk about healthy habits.
Find out which animals are
endangered and protected I can use some and any.
in Georgia. Write sentences
about them and find I can understand the difference between countable
pictures. Write about where and uncountable nouns.
they live, what they eat, etc.
I can talk about my plans.

I can name some famous bridges.

142
 n d i x
appe

ix you will...
In the Append s who are
re a d the st o ry of the twin
.
never scared hristmas
d o u t s o m e more about C
fi n
traditions. ulia.
a d a b o u t w hat's eating J
re ns.
a d a b o u t E aster traditio
re
 N D I X
PPE E N
A
HALLO WE
A How much do you know about Halloween?

READING
B Try to guess which six words below are not in the Halloween
story that you will read. Why not?
a candle a wash
a butterfly to la u g h a pumpk ing ma
chine scared
in
a hat a potato dark
a witch a ghost a crea tu re wings a bat
a fridge a roo f make-up
day e t
a wall a she sunny to screa
m a fairy
a broom

C Listen to the story and check. Then read the story.

track 01
A Halloween Story
Tony and Tina are twins. Their parents When all is dark and everybody’s sleeping, the
are busy at work all day, so Tony and Tina Bat flies into the twins’ room. He flies near Tony’s
are often alone at home. They make their nose so that he can feel his soft black wings; he
breakfast before school and sometimes their flies into Tina’s hair and he wakes up the twins. Do
dinner after school. They do the shopping, they scream? No, they just laugh. “Look, it’s a bat!
and when their jeans are dirty they know He’s beautiful!”, says Tony. “Do you need a home,
which programme on the washing machine bat? There’s a nice place under our roof!”, says
to use. They are not afraid of the dark, and Tina. Disappointed, the Bat flies away.
they are not afraid when they watch a scary
The next night it is the Witch’s turn to visit the
movie. They just laugh.
twins. She flies through the window, sitting on
her broom with her witch’s hat on, and starts
At Halloween, children are afraid of ghosts
screaming. Of course, the twins wake up. Are they
and witches, and they take a pumpkin with
scared? No, they just laugh. “Oh, you’re so ugly,
a candle in it and put it outside their door to
you poor thing! I can help you with some of our
keep the horrible, scary creatures away. Not
mother’s make-up!”, says Tina. This is not what
Tony and Tina. They just laugh.
the Witch wants to hear.
Now this makes the Bat, the Witch and Finally, on the third night the Ghost visits
the Ghost very angry because it is the twins. He passes through the wall, as all
their job to make people afraid. ghosts do, and starts making ghost noises. And,
So they plan how to scare the of course, very soon the twins wake up. What do
twins. Each of them will visit they do? They laugh. “Look, it’s a ghost!”, says
the twins on one night Tony. “Your sheet is a little dirty, Mr Ghost. Would
before Halloween and you like me to wash it in our washing machine?”,
scare them so that asks Tina. And the Ghost leaves.
the twins will never
On Halloween there isn’t a pumpkin with a candle
laugh again.
burning in it in front of the twins’ house. They are
never scared. They just laugh.

144
 N D I X
A PPE

D Circle the correct words.

1 The twins can / can’t cook.
2 The twins never / sometimes watch horror films.
3 The twins like / don’t like bats.
4 The Witch laughs / screams.
5 The Ghost is wearing a hat / a sheet.
6 The Ghost passes through the door / the wall.

E Who needs these? Complete the sentences. Use:

The Bat, The Witch and The Ghost.

1 needs the washing machine.

2 needs some make-up.
3 needs a home.

YOUR TURN!
F Answer the questions.
1 What do you do at Halloween?
2 Do you go to parties?
3 Do you wear costumes?
4 Do you put pumpkins in your windows?

145
 N D I X
PPE AS
A
C HRISTM
A How are these words connected with Christmas? Make sentences.

Christmas cards ice Father Christmas a tree

Example: Some artists make sculptures of ice for Christmas.

B Match these words and phrases to the pictures and sentences.

1 angels 2 a stocking 3 Merry Christmas! 4 reindeer 5 holly 6 mistletoe

This is a plant used as

a Christmas decoration.
When two people meet This is a plant used for People put presents in this.
under it, they should kiss. Christmas decorations. It hangs near the fireplace.

People often use these as This is what we say to each

Christmas decorations. They pull Santa’s sleigh. other on Christmas Day.

146
 N D I X
A PPE

SPEAKING

C Work with a partner. How many questions about 1 What do people usually
Christmas can you answer together? eat for Christmas?

2 3
Where should people 4
Who are Santa’s helpers?
stand to kiss?
Who pulls Santa’s sleigh?

5 6
Who brings gifts to 7
What is the name of
a popular Christmas children? Where does Santa
song? Claus live?

8 9
10
What do people send to What do children find
their friends during under the Christmas tree When is Christmas
the Christmas holidays? on Christmas morning? celebrated?

D Here are the answers. Match them to the questions.

Elves. Christmas cards.

Reindeer. On 25 December/On 7 Jenuary.
Presents. At the North Pole.
Santa Claus. Under some mistletoe.
“Silent Night”. Turkey and Christmas pudding.

E Cover the questions in Task C and look at the answers again. Can you remember
the questions without looking?

147
 X
PPE N D I
T INE’S DA Y
A
ST VALEN
A Unscramble the words.

St Valentine’s is on 14 BFERRAYU. It’s the YAD when boys

and RIGSL, men and MWOEN express their OLVE for each
other by sending RCADS, flowers and little presents. Some
people send cards to the people they are in love with, but
they don't RITWE their names on the cards. What do you
think: why not?

READING

B Listen and read the text, then answer the questions.

1 Who is talking?
2 What are they talking about?
track 02 3 What’s the problem?
4 What does the doctor think?

Doctor: Good morning. What’s the problem?

Mother: It’s my daughter, Julia. I think she’s very ill.
Doctor: Why do you think so?
Mother: She’s behaving very strangely...
She isn’t sleeping. She says she’s not tired.
She isn’t eating. She says she’s not hungry.
She looks through the window all the time.
And there’s nothing special outside.
She wants to wear her summer dress and
it’s cold outside.
She laughs when nothing is funny.
Doctor: Don’t worry. I know what the problem is.
She’s in love.
Mother: How do you know?
Doctor: She’s got all the symptoms.

C What are the symptoms of the illness called “love”?

148
 N D I X
A PPE

D What about you (or somebody you know)? Write: Yes or No.

I feel strange.
I feel happy.
I feel poetic.
I feel sad.
I have a lot of energy.
I can’t sleep.
I can’t concentrate.
I spend a lot of time in the bathroom.

I don’t know what to wear.

I can’t eat.
I laugh a lot.
My heart beats when I see
“this person”.
I feel romantic.
I feel great.

E Find out the name of YOUNGTALLTHINWILL

the boy who sent Julia
FRIENDLYROMANTICI
The boy who sent
a Valentine card. Cross Julia a Valentine
out all the adjectives and INTERESTINGAMFUNNY card is called
you will get his name! CLEVERDIFFERENTNICE
.

149
 N D I X
PPE
A
EASTER
A Work with a partner. How many questions can you
answer together?
1 What is an Egg Roll?
2 What is an Egg Hunt?
3 What is Shrove Tuesday or Pancake Day?
4 What is Palm Sunday?
5 What is roast lamb?
6 What is a hot cross bun?

B Can the pictures help you to answer the questions in Task A? Try to match
the pictures to the questions.

150
 N D I X
A PPE

C Match the questions from Task A to their answers. Then listen and check.
track 03

The Sunday before On Shrove Tuesday people It is a traditional

Easter is called “Palm enjoy the foods that they Easter game in w
hich
Sunday”. On that day, mustn't eat during the forty children try to fin
d
Jesus arrived in Jerusalem, days before Easter. In England, eggs and put them
in
and people waved palm people eat pancakes on this day. a basket.
branches to welcome him.

It is the traditional It is a type of sweet roll that people

It is a traditional
meat for the main meal eat on Friday before Easter. It has
Easter game in which
on Easter Day. It is a cross on top. Do you know this song:
children roll eggs to
served with mint sauce “Hot cross buns, hot cross buns, one
see who can roll their
and vegetables. a penny, two a penny, hot cross
egg the farthest.
buns…”?

D Complete the sentences. Use the words from the texts.

1 On Shrove Tuesday, people eat .
2 On Easter Sunday, people eat ham and eggs for breakfast, and the main meal is usually
.
3  is also called Pancake Day.
4  is the day when people waved palm branches in Jerusalem to
welcome Jesus.
5  is a type of roll that people eat on Good Friday.
6 In an , children roll eggs.

YOUR TURN!
E Describe a typical Easter breakfast or dinner in Georgia. What do people usually eat?

151
 WORDLIST

UNIT 1 You mean… გულისხმობ/

WORDS, WORDS, WORDS ფიქრობ, რომ...
Follow me! წამომყევი!/მომყევი!
Lesson 1 NICE TO SEE YOU AGAIN! Have you got a spare pen? ზედმეტი კალამი ხომ
არ გაქვს?
another /œ²nŸðœ(r)/ კიდევ ერთი
I wonder why. ნეტა ვიცოდე, რატომ.
back /bæk/ უკან
Never mind. არა უშავს.
backpack /²bæk³pæk/ ზურგჩანთა
Nice to meet you. სასიამოვნოა შენი/
begin /bˆ²gˆn/ დაწყება თქვენი გაცნობა.
beginning /bˆ²gˆnˆ©/ დასაწყისი So what? მერე რა?/დიდი ამბავი!
bracelet /²breˆslœt/ სამაჯური The holidays are over. არდადეგები დასრულდა.
calendar year /²kælˆndœ(r) ³ jˆœ(r)/ კალენდარული წელი
calm /k†°m/ მშვიდი, დამშვიდებული Lesson 2 PETE, SHARK AND RUSSELL
dialogue /²daˆœl‰g/ დიალოგი
end /end/ დასასრული, ბოლო alphabet /²ælfœ³bet/ ანბანი
early /²‡°(r)li/ ადრეული, ადრე back /bæk/ ზურგი
excited /ˆk²saˆtˆd/ აღელვებული, bet /bet/ დანაძლევება
აფორიაქებული capital letter /³kæpˆtœl²letœ(r)/ მთავრული/დიდი ასო
famous /²feˆmœs/ ცნობილი, clever /²klevœ(r)/ ჭკვიანი
სახელგანთქმული code /kœ™d/ კოდი, შიფრი
film star /²fˆlm ³st†°(r)/ კინოვარსკვლავი coded /²kœ™dˆd/ კოდირებული/
finish /²fˆnˆ¡/ დასრულება, დამთავრება დაშიფრული
get ready /²get ³redi/ მომზადება, მოემზადე conversation /³k‰nvœ(r)²seˆ¡(œ)n/ საუბარი
glad /glæd/ მოხარული even /²i°vœn/ მაშინაც კი, თუნდაც
headteacher /³hæd²ti°t¡œ(r)/ დირექტორი except /³ˆk²sept/ გარდა
hope /hœ™p/ იმედი, იმედობა friendly /²fren(d)li/ მეგობრული
interested (in) /²ˆntrœstˆd/ დაინტერესებული invite /ˆn²v†ˆt/ დაპატიჟება
late /leˆt/ დაგვიანებული, გვიანი, letter /²letœ(r)/ წერილი, ასო
გვიან maybe /²meˆbi/ ალბათ, შესაძლოა
mean /mi°n/ გულისხმობა member /²membœ(r)/ წევრი
mid-December /³mˆd dˆ²sembœ(r)/ შუადეკემბერი message /²mesid¢/ შეტყობინება, გზავნილი
move /mu°v/ მოძრაობა, გადაადგილება password /²p†°s³w‡°(r)d/ პაროლი
nervous /²n‡°(r)vœs/ განერვიულებული, perhaps /pœ(r)²hæps/ შესაძლოა, ეგებ
ნერვიული
probably /²pr‰bœbli/ ალბათ
office /²‰fˆs/ კაბინეტი, ოფისი
silly /²sˆli/ სულელი
oversleep /³œ™vœ(r)²sli°p/ დაგეძინოს
(დროულად ვერ გაიღვიძო) simple /²sˆmp(œ)l/ მარტივი
prepared /prˆ²peœ(r)d/ მომზადებული, smile /smaˆl/ ღიმილი, გაღიმება
მზადმყოფი stuck-up /³stŸk ²Ÿp/ ამპარტავანი, ქედმაღალი
pupil /²pju°p(œ)l/ მოსწავლე travel /trævœl/ მოგზაურობა
real /rˆœl/ ნამდვილი warn /wŒ°n/ გაფრთხილება
scared /skeœ(r)d/ შეშინებული whole /hœ™l/ მთელი
shark /¡†°(r)k/ ზვიგენი
stuff /stŸf/ ნივთები, რამეები be in love შეგიყვარდეს
seem /si°m/ მოგეჩვენოს, გეგონოს I bet you don’t know. დავნაძლევდეთ,
start /st†°(r)t/ დაწყება რომ არ იცი/სანაძლეოს
ჩამოვდივარ,
study /²stŸdi/ სწავლა
არ გეცოდინება.
sure /¡Œ°(r)/ დარწმუნებული
I’m counting on you. შენი იმედი მაქვს.
totally /²tœ™t(œ)li/ სავსებით
Let me see. აბა, ვნახოთ.
wake up /³weˆk ²Ÿp/ გამოღვიძება
You talk behind my back. ზურგსუკან მჭორავთ.
worried /²wŸrid/ შეწუხებული
What do you mean? რას გულისხმობ?
trainers /²treˆnœ(r)z/ სპორტული ფეხსაცმელი

Lesson 3 PHOTOS FROM DOWN UNDER

a bit like ოდნავ (რაიმეს) მსგავსი
mad about (რაიმეზე/რაიმეს გამო) Aborigine /³æbœ²rˆd¢œni/ აბორიგენი, მკვიდრი,
გაგიჟებული ავსტრალიელი
By the way... სხვათა შორის... air /eœ/ ტელე-ეთერი

152
bark /b†°(r)k/ ყეფა consist (of) /kœn²sˆst/ შედგება (რაიმესაგან)
beach /bi°t¡/ პლაჟი crayons /²kreˆ‰n/z/ პასტელი
beak /bi°k/ ნისკარტი dictionary /²dˆk¡œn(œ)ri/ ლექსიკონი
boomerang /²bu°mœræ©/ ბუმერანგი engineer /³end¢ˆ²nˆœ(r)/ ინჟინერი
capital /²kæpˆtœl/ დედაქალაქი eucalyptus /³ju°kœ²lˆptœs/ ევკალიპტი
catch /kæt¡/ დაჭერა forbidden /fœ(r)²bˆd(œ)n/ აკრძალული
curved /²k‡°vd/ მოხრილი fun /fŸn/ სახალისო, ხალისი
dingo /²dˆ©gœ™/ დინგო (ავსტრალიური fur /f‡°(r)/ ქურქი, ბეწვი
ველური ძაღლი) geometry /d¢i°²‰mœtri/ გეომეტრია
drown /dra™n/ დახრჩობა (წყალში) grammar /²græmœ(r)/ გრამატიკა
duckbilled platypus იხვნისკარტა helpful /²helpf(œ)l/ დამხმარე, გამოსადეგი
/³dŸkbˆld ²plætˆpœs/ hunter /²hŸntœ(r)/ მონადირე
East /i°st/ აღმოსავლეთი league /li°g/ ლიგა
emu /²i°mju°/ ემუ mix /mˆks/ მიქსი, შერევა
ghost /gœ™st/ მოჩვენება/აჩრდილი mummy /mŸmi/ დედიკო
glee /gli°/ ხალისი, სიხარული, meaning /²mi°nˆ©/ მნიშვნელობა
მხიარულება
necessary /²nesœs(œ)ri/ აუცილებელი
hop /h‰p/ ახტომა, სკუპ-სკუპი
obligation /³‰blˆ²geˆ¡(œ)n/ სავალდებულო
howl /ha™l/ ყმუილი
online /²Œn³laˆn/ ონლაინ (ინტერნეტის
invent /ˆn²vent/ გამოგონება საშუალებით)
joey /²d¢œ™i/ კენგურუს შვილი prepare /prˆ²peœ/ მომზადება
jump /d¢Ÿmp/ გადახტომა, ხტუნვა pronounce /prœ²na™ns/ წარმოთქმა
kangaroo /³kæ©gœ²ru°/ კენგურუ return /rˆ²t‡°(r)n/ დაბრუნება
lake /leˆk/ ტბა regularly /²regjœlœrli/ რეგულარულად
leaf /li°f/ ფოთოლი rubbish /²rŸbˆ¡/ ნაგავი
mammal /²mæmœl/ ძუძუმწოვარი rule /ru°l/ წესი
native people /³neˆtˆv ²pi°pl/ მკვიდრები, ადგილობრივი science /²saˆœns/ მეცნიერება,
მოსახლეობა ბუნებისმეტყველება
North /n‰°¥/ ჩრდილოეთი sharp /¡†°p/ ბასრი
owner /²œ™nœ(r)/ პატრონი, მფლობელი thick /¥ˆk/ სქელი
pouch /pa™t¡/ ჩანთა thrower /³¥rœ™œ(r)/ მტყორცნელი, მსროლელი
(კენგურუსი და მისთ.)
useful /ju°sfl/ საჭირო
sheep /¡i°p/ ცხვარი, ცხვრები
watercolours /²wŒ°tœ(r)³kŸlœ(r)z/ აკვარელი
shove /¡Ÿv/ ჩატენვა
weapon /²wepœn/ იარაღი
South /s†™¥/ სამხრეთი
whale /weˆl/ ვეშაპი
stick /stˆk/ ჯოხი
strange /streˆnd¢/ უცნაური P.E. (physical education) ფიზკულტურა,
symbol /²sˆmbl/ სიმბოლო სპორტის გაკვეთილი
thoroughbred /²¥Ÿrœ³bred/ ჯიშიანი (საჯირითო) Stone Age ქვის ხანა
ცხენი alphabetical order ანბანური რიგით
throw /¥rœ™/ გადაგდება by heart ზეპირად
title /taˆtl/ სათაური follow the rules დაიცავით წესები,
toe /tœ™/ ფეხის თითი წესების დაცვით
tool /tu°l/ ხელსაწყო pass the ball ბურთის გადაცემა/
West /west/ დასავლეთი გადაგდება
wild /waˆld/ ველური You are welcome. არაფრის
(პასუხი მადლობაზე).
wolf /w™lf/ მგელი
worker /²wœrkœ(r)/ მუშა
CINDY’S READER: THE LIFE AND DEATH OF WORDS
country folk song ფოლკლორული/ Arabic /²ærœbˆk/ არაბული
ხალხური სიმღერა Chinese /³t¡aˆ²ni°z/ ჩინური
at the same time ამავდროულად common /²k‰mœn/ საერთო
Go ahead! განაგრძე! მიდი! communicate /kœ²mju°nˆkeˆt/ ურთიერთობის დამყარება
cream /kri°m/ კრემი
Lesson 4 SCHOOL MIX Czech /t¡ek/ ჩეხური
attract /œ²trækt/ მიზიდვა death /de¥/ სიკვდილი
borrow (from) /²b‰rœ™/ სესხება die /daˆ/ კვდომა
bury /beri/ დამარხვა/დაკრძალვა enter /entœ(r)/ შესვლა
cave /keˆv/ გამოქვაბული exist /ˆg²zˆst/ არსებობა
choice /t¡Œˆs/ არჩევანი jaguar /²d¢ægjuœ(r)/ იაგუარი
composer /kœm²pœ™zœ(r)/ კომპოზიტორი Japanese /³d¢æpœ²ni°z/ იაპონური

153
 mosquito /m‰²ski°tœ™/ კოღო Lesson 2 A FAMILY OF FRIENDS
Portuguese /³p‰°(r)t¡œ²gi°z/ პორტუგალიური
attention /œ²tæn¡œn/ ყურადღება
speaker /spi°kœ(r)/ მთქმელი, მოლაპარაკე,
cheat  /t¡i°t/ მოტყუება, გადაწერა
მოსაუბრე
elderly /²eldœ(r)li/ ხანში შესული
use /ju°z/ გამოყენება, ხმარება
expect /ˆk²spekt/ მოლოდინი
way /weˆ/ გზა
guy /gaˆ/ ყმაწვილი, ბიჭი
interrupt /³ˆntœ²rŸpt/ შეწყვეტინება,
all over the world მთელ მსოგლიოში
ხელის შეშლა
such as ისეთი, როგორიცაა
join /d¢Œˆn/ გაერთიანება,
too much მეტისმეტი, ძალიან ბევრი გაწევრიანება
lie (lying) /laˆ/ ტყუილი, მოტყუება
neighbour /²neˆbœ(r)/ მეზობელი
UNIT 2 politely /pœ²laˆtli/ თავაზიანად
FAMILIES
quarrel /²kw‰rœl/ შეკამათება, კამათი
switch off /³swˆt¡ ²‰f/ გამორთვა, გამოთიშვა
Lesson 1 THE AMAZING WORLD OF TWINS
tease /ti°z/ გახელება, წვალება
almost /²Œ°lmœ™st/ თითქმის trouble /trŸbl/ პრობლემა, გასაჭირი
birth /b‡°(r)¥/ დაბადება trust /trŸst/ ნდობა
chance /t¡a°ns/ შანსი, შესაძლებლობა
compare /kœm²peœ/ შედარება get angry გაბრაზება
compete /kœm²pi°t/ შეჯიბრი, კონკურენცია put somebody to the test შემოწმება, გამოცდა,
costume /²k†stju°m/ კოსტიუმი ტესტირება
different /²dˆfrœnt/ განსხვავებული step on somebody’s foot (ვინმესთვის)
ფეხის დადგმა
difference /²dˆfrœns/ სხვაობა
Bless you! (დაცემინების პასუხად
enjoy /ˆn²d¢Œˆ/ სიამოვნების მიღება
ნათქვამი) სიცოცხლე!
expert /²eksp‡°(r)t/ ექსპერტი ჯანმრთელობა! !
fairy tale /²feœri ³teˆl/ ზღაპარი Good luck! გისურვებ წარმატებას!!
festival /²festˆv(œ)l/ ფესტივალი I beg your pardon! უკაცრავად, ვერ
fraternal twins /frœ³t‡°(r)n(œ)l ²twˆnz/ დიზიგოტური ტყუპები გავიგონე/უკაცრავად,
gene /d¢i°n/ გენი რა ბრძანეთ?
grow up /³grœ™ ²Ÿp/ ზრდა, გაზრდა I can’t help it. თავს ვერ ვიკავებ
(საკუთარ თავს
hard /h†°(r)d/ რთული ვერაფერს ვუხერხებ)
husband /²hŸzbœnd/ ქმარი Wait a minute. მოიცა მოიცა!
identical twins /aˆ³dentˆk(œ)l ²twˆnz/ მონოზიგოტური ტყუპები ერთი წუთით!
influence /²ˆnfluœns/ გავლენა
multiples /²mŸltˆplaˆz/ სხვადასხვა რაოდენობის Lesson 3 SIMILAR OR DIFFERENT?
ტყუპები
pain /peˆn/ ტკივილი Aboriginal /³æbœ²rˆd¢ˆnl/ აბორიგენული,
ადგილობრივი,
psychologist /saˆ²k‰lœd¢ˆst/ ფსიქოლოგი ავსტრალიური
power /²pa™œ(r)/ ძალაუფლება amazing /œ²meˆzˆ©/ განსაცვიფრებელი
quadruplets /²kw‰dr™plœts/ ოთხეული (4 ტყუპი) blog /bl‰g/ ბლოგი (დღიური
race /reˆs/ რასა ინტერნეტში)
relationship /rˆ²leˆ¡(œ)n¡ˆp/ ურთიერთობა central /²sentrœl/ ცენტრალური
separated /²sepœ³reˆtˆd/ განცალკევებული cousin /²kŸzœn/ ბიძაშვილი/დეიდაშვილი/
similar /²sˆmˆlœ(r)/ მსგავსი მამიდაშვილი
superhero /²su°pœ(r)³hˆœrœ™/ სუპერგმირი desert /²dezœt/ უდაბნო
theme /¥i°m/ თემა hunt /hŸnt/ ნადირობა
triplets /²trˆplœt/ სამეული (3 ტყუპი) instead /ˆn²sted/ სანაცვლოდ, სამაგიეროდ/
ნაცვლად, მაგივრად
twin /twˆn/ ტყუპი
move /mu°v/ მოძრაობა
wife /waˆf/ ცოლი
Native Americans მკვიდრი ამერიკელები
/³neˆtˆv œ²merˆkœnz/
only child ერთადერთი შვილი
pocket money /²p‰kˆt ³mŸni/ ჯიბის ფული
be close to ახლობლური
prefer /prˆ²f‡°(r)/ გერჩივნოს, ამჯობინო
ურთიერთობა
protect /prœ²tekt/ დაცვა
get along (well) (with somebody) (ვინმესთან)
კარგად შეწყობა rarely /reœ(r)li/ იშვიათად
look alike გარეგნული მსგავსება reservation /rezœ²veˆ¡œn/ რეზერვაცია
share secrets საიდუმლოებების round /ra™nd/ მრგვალი
გაზიარება send /send/ გაგზავნა
take part მონაწილეობის მიღება settler /²setlœ(r)/ ახალმოსახლე, იმიგრანტი
take place ადგილი აქვს/ხდება shade /¡eˆd/ ჩრდილი

154
sleeve /²sli°v/ სახელო ponytail /²pœ™ni³teˆl/ „ცხენის
sound /sa™nd/ ხმა, ბგერა კუდი“(ვარცხნილობა)
sun hat /²sŸn³hæt/ მზის ქუდი quite /kwaˆt/ საკმაოდ
teach /ti°t¡/ სწავლება rude /ru°d/ უხეში, უზრდელი
text message /²tekst ³mæsˆd¢/ ტექსტური შეტყობინება, summer camp /³sŸmœ(r) ²kæmp/ საზაფხულო ბანაკი
SMS serious /²sˆœriœs/ სერიოზული
tidy up /³taˆdi ²Ÿp/ დალაგება, დასუფთავება, Vienna /vˆenœ/ ვენა
მოწესრიგება well-known /³wel²nœ™n/ ცნობილი
tomahawk /²t‰mœhŒ°k/ ტომეჰოკი
(ინდიური ცული) get divorced გაყრა (ცოლ-ქმრის)
unfortunately /Ÿn²fŒ°(r)t¡(œ)nœtli/ საუბედუროდ, switch places ადგილების გაცვლა
სამწუხაროდ
wigwam /²wˆgwæm/ ვიგვამი (ინდიური კარავი)

UNIT 3
go fishing თევზაობა,
TV, FILMS, SCHOOL CLUBS AND TELEPHONE CALLS
სათევზაოდ სიარული
go hunting ნადირობა, სანადიროდ
სიარული Lesson 1 WHAT’S ON TV?

bell /bel/ ზარი

Lesson 4 THE PERFECT FAMILY? cartoon /k†°²tu°n/ ანიმაციური ფილმი
champion /²t¡æmpˆœn/ ჩემპიონი
advice /œd²vaˆs/ რჩევა
cheer /t¡ˆœ/ შეძახილებით გამხნევება
agony aunt /²ægœni ³†°nt/ პიროვნება (ჩვეულებრივ
ქალი), რომელიც რჩევებს clock /kl‰k/ საათი
აძლევს ჟურნალ- cloudy /kla™di/ მოღრუბლული
გაზეთების მკითხველებს comedy /²k‰mœdi/ კომედია
კონკრეტულ
criminal /²krˆmˆnœl/ კრიმინალი
პრობლემებთან
დაკავშირებით documentary /³d‰kj™²mentri/ დოკუმენტური ფილმი
boss /b‰s/ უფროსი, ბოსი educational /³ed¢u²keˆ¡œnl/ საგანმანათლებლო
family tree /²fæmˆlˆ ³tri°/ საგვარეულო fan /fæn/ ფანი/გულშემატკივარი
(გენეალოგიური) ხე gallery /²gælœri/ გალერეა
listener /lˆsœnœ(r)/ მსმენელი gate /geˆt/ ჭიშკარი
radio host /²reˆdiœ™ ³hœ™st/ რადიოგადაცემის half /ha°f/ ნახევარი
წამყვანი hide /haˆd/ დამალვა, დაფარვა
patient /²peˆ¡(œ)nt/ მომთმენი, hour /²a™œ(r)/ საათი/60 წთ.
მოთმინების მქონე
learning /²l‡°(r)nˆ©/ სწავლა
rest /rest/ დასვენება
medal /²medœl/ მედალი
shy /¡†ˆ/ მორცხვი, მორიდებული minute /²mˆnˆt/ წუთი
solve /sŒ°lv/ (პრობლემის) გადაჭრა; music video /³mju°zˆk ²vˆdiœ™/ მუსიკალური ვიდეო/
ამოცანის ამოხსნა კლიპი
upset /Ÿp²set/ გაღიზიანებული, news /nju°z/ ახალი ამბები
ნერვებაშლილი
police station /pœ²li°s ³steˆ¡n/ პოლიციის განყოფილება
president /²prezˆdœnt/ პრეზიდენტი
on the line სატელეფონო ხაზზე
ყოფნა, დარეკვა programme (program) /prœ™græm/ პროგრამა/გადაცემა
have nothing in common საერთო არაფერი quarter /²kwŒ°tœ(r)/ მეოთხედი/15 წთ.
გქონდეს quiz show /²kwˆz ³¡œ™/ ვიქტორინა
have something in common რაღაც საერთო გქონდეს race /²reˆs/ რბოლა
take good care (of) იზრუნო, მიხედო romantic /rœ™²mæntˆk/ რომანტიკული/
სასიყვარულო
Calm down! დამშვიდდი!
saved /seˆvd/ გადარჩენილი
I can’t stand it! ვერ ამიტანია! ვერ ვიტან!
science fiction /³saˆœns ²fˆk¡n/ სამეცნიერო ფანტასტიკა
I’m fed up with this! ყელში ამომივიდა!
second /²sekœnd/ წამი
series /²sˆœri°z/ სერიალი
CINDY’S READER: LISA AND LOTTIE
skier /skˆœ/ მოთხილამურე
adventure /œ²dvænt¡œ(r)/ თავგადასავალი skiing /²ski°ˆ©/ თხილამურებით სრიალი
author /²Œ°¥œ(r)/ ავტორი soap opera /²sœ™p ³‰prœ/ საპნის ოპერა/სერიალი
conductor /kœn²dŸktœ(r)/ დირიჟორი sunny /²sŸnˆ/ მზიანი
curly /k‡°li/ ხვეული trap /træp/ მახე/ხაფანგი
disguise /dˆs²gaˆz/ გადაცმა truth /tr™¥/ სიმართლე
housekeeper /²ha™s³ki°pœ(r)/ მნე, სახლის გამგებელი warm /wŒ°(r)m/ თბილი
magazine /³mægœ²zi°n/ ჟურნალი watch /w‰t¡/ მაჯის/ჯიბის საათი
Munich /mju°nˆk/ მიუნხენი weather report /wæ𜠳rˆ²pŒ°t/ ამინდის პროგნოზი

155
 wild /waˆld/ ველური, გარეული disaster /dˆ²za°stœ(r)/ კატასტროფა
wildlife /²waˆld³laˆf/ ველური ბუნება/ Earth (the) /ði°²‡°¥/ დედამიწა
ცხოველთა სამყარო ending /²endˆ©/ დასასრული, ბოლო
windy /wˆndi/ ქარიანი evil /²i°vœl/ ბოროტი
exciting /ˆk²saˆtˆ©/ ამაღელვებელი,
Go away! წადი/მოშორდი აქედან! ძალიან საინტერესო
You are under arrest! დაპატიმრებული ხართ! fantasy /fæntœsi/ ფანტასტიკა
fantastic /fæn²tæstˆk/ ფანტასტიკური
Lesson 2 THREE PHONE CALLS AND ONE TEXT MESSAGE feeling /²fi°lˆ©/ გრძნობა
abbreviation /œ³bri°vˆ²eˆ¡n/ აბრევიატურა fight /faˆt/ ბრძოლა, შეტაკება
art /†°(r)t/ ხელოვნება fire /²faˆœ/ ცეცხლი
call /kŒ°l/ ტელეფონით დარეკვა fist /fˆst/ მუშტი
celebrate /selœ³breˆt/ ზეიმობა genre /²¢‰nrœ/ ჟანრი
crazy /²kreˆzi/ გიჟი global /²glœ™b(œ)l/ გლობალური
cinema /²sˆnœmœ/ კინოთეატრი good-looking /³g™d ²l™kˆ©/ კარგი გარეგნობის
diary /²daˆœri/ დღიური gun /gŸn/ იარაღი (ცეცხლსასროლი)
landline phone /²læn(d)³laˆn ³fœ™n/ სტაციონარული happen /²hæpœn/ ხდება (რაიმე)
ტელეფონი helicopter /²helˆ³k‰ptœ(r)/ ვერტმფრენი
lonely /²lœ™nli/ მარტოხელა hero /²hˆœrœ™/ გმირი (მამაკაცი)
jam /d¢æm/ მურაბა
heroine /²herœ™ˆn/ გმირი (ქალი)
jealous /²d¢elœs/ ეჭვიანი
horror film /²h‰rœ(r) ³fˆlm/ საშინელებათა ფილმი
finally /²faˆn(œ)li/ ბოლოს
hurt /h‡°(r)t/ დაშავება (ვინმესი)
future /²fju°t¡œ(r)/ მომავალი
kind /kaˆnd/ სახეობა
novel /²n‰v(œ)l/ რომანი
Indian /²ˆndiœn/ ინდიელი
museum /mju°²zi°œm/ მუზეუმი
jungle /²d¢Ÿ©g(œ)l/ ჯუნგლები
noise /nŒˆz/ ხმაური
magical /²mæd¢ˆk(œ)l/ ჯადოსნური
reply /rˆ²plaˆ/ პასუხი, პასუხის გაცემა
main /meˆn/ მთავარი
steal (stole) /sti°l/ მოპარვა
monster /mŸnstœ(r)/ მონსტრი/ურჩხული
trick /trˆk/ ოინი
satisfied /²sætˆsfaˆd/ კმაყოფილი musical /²mju°zˆk(œ)l/ მიუზიკლი
suggestion /sœ²d¢est¡(œ)n/ შეთავაზება past /p†°st/ წარსული
revenge /rˆ²vend¢/ რევანში/ plane crash /²pleˆn ³kræ¡/ თვითმფრინავის
სამაგიეროს გადახდა კატასტროფა
vet /vet/ ვეტერინარი prison /²prˆz(œ)n/ ციხე/საპყრობილე
wallet /²w‰lˆt/ საფულე ride /raˆd/ ტარება, ამხედრება,
win /wˆn/ მოგება მგზავრობა
wonderful /²wŸndœ(r)f(œ)l/ მშვენიერი romance /rœ™²mæns/ სასიყვარულო ამბავი,
მელოდრამა
roof /r™f/ სახურავი
have fun გართობა, დროსტარება
rule /ru°l/ მართვა, მბრძანებლობა
Call me later! მოგვიანებით დამირეკე!
save /seˆv/ გადარჩენა
Ella is bored. ელას მობეზრდა.
I miss my old friends. ძველი მეგობრები scary /skæri/ საშიში, შემაშინებელი
მენატრება. scene /si°n/ სცენა, სურათი
It’s a piece of cake! ძალიან ადვილია! sheriff /¡erˆf/ შერიფი
Say hello to April. ეიფრილი მომიკითხე. shoot /¡u°t/ სროლა (იარაღიდან)
situation /³sˆt¡u²eˆ¡(œ)n/ სიტუაცია
Lesson 3 WE LOVE FILMS! space /speˆs/ კოსმოსი
spaceship /²speˆs³¡ˆp/ კოსმოსური ხომალდი
alien /²eˆlˆœn/ უცხოპლანეტელი
sword /sŒ°d/ მახვილი, ხმალი
alive /œ²laˆv/ ცოცხალი
thriller /¥rˆlœ(r)/ მძაფრსიუჟეტიანი
action /²æk¡(œ)n/ „ბოევიკი“ (კინოჟანრი)
belong (to) /bˆ²l‰©/ ეკუთვნის, მიეკუთვნება typical /²tˆpˆk(œ)l/ ტიპური
character /²kærœktœ(r)/ პერსონაჟი usual /²ju°¢™œl/ ჩეული, ჩვეულებრივი
chase /t¡eˆs/ დევნა vampire /²væmpaˆœ(r)/ ვამპირი
choose /t¡u°z/ არჩევა wave /weˆv/ ხელის დაქნევა
cowboy /²ka™bŒi/ კოვბოი western /²westœn/ ვესტერნი
cruel /²kru°œl/ სასტიკი witch /wˆt¡/ ჯადოქარი (ქალი)
dead /ded/ მკვდარი wizard /²wˆzœd/ ჯადოქარი (მამაკაცი)
decide /dˆ²saˆd/ გადაწყვეტა
description /dˆ²skrˆp¡(œ)n/ აღწერა in general ზოგადად, საერთოდ
dinosaur /²daˆnœsŒ°(r)/ დინოზავრი Wild West ველური დასავლეთი

156
Lesson 4 SCHOOL CLUBS golden /²gœ™ld(œ)n/ ოქროს
guard /g†°(r)d/ მცველი
act /ækt/ თამაში/ შესრულება
(როლის) hairy /²heœri/ თმიანი, ბანჯგვლიანი
ambition /æm²bˆ¡(œ)n/ ამბიცია hole /hœ™l/ ნახვრეტი
chess /t¡es/ ჭადრაკი huge /hju°d¢/ უზარმაზარი
classical /²klæsˆk(œ)l/ კლასიკური journey /²d¢‡°(r)ni/ მგზავრობა
clothes /klœ™ðz/ ტანსაცმელი knock /n‰k/ დაკაკუნება
confidence /²k‰nfˆd(œ)ns/ დარწმუნებულობა, land /lænd/ მიწა-წყალი
რწმენა obsessed /œb²sest/ მოცული, შეპყრობილი
creative /kri²eˆtˆv/ შემოქმედებითი proud /pra™d/ ამაყი
cycling /²saˆk(œ)l/ ველოსიპედით სიარული quiet /²kwaˆœt/ მშვიდი, წყნარი
develop /dˆ²velœp/ განვითარება ring /rˆng/ ბეჭედი
draw /drŒ°/ ხატვა set off /³set ²‰f/ გზას გადგომა
extracurricular activity კლასგარეშე აქტივობა short /¡Œ°(r)t/ დაბალი, ტანმორჩილი
/³ekstrœkœ²rˆkj™lœ(r) ³æk²tˆvœti/
slimy /²slaˆmi/ ლორწოვანი
fashion /²fæ¡(œ)n/ მოდა
tail /teˆl/ კუდი
gardening /²g†°(r)d(œ)nˆ©/ მებაღეობა
terrible /²terœb(œ)l/ საშინელი
German /²d¢‡°(r)mœn/ გერმანული, გერმანელი
treasure /²tre¢œ(r)/ განძი
indoors /ˆn²dŒ°(r)z/ შენობაში, შიგნით
trilogy /²trˆlœd¢i/ ტრილოგია
jewellery /²d¢u°œlri/ სამკაულები,
ძვირფასეულობა tunnel /²tŸn(œ)l/ გვირაბი
lose /lu°z/ დაკარგვა unexpected /³Ÿnˆk²spektˆd/ მოულოდნელი
lunch break /²lŸnt¡ ²breˆk/ სამხრის შესვენება visitor /²vˆzˆtœ(r)/ სტუმარი
mark /m†°(r)k/ ნიშანი wing /wˆ©/ ფრთა
mirror /²mˆrœ(r)/ სარკე wise /waˆz/ ბრძენი
nature /²neˆt¡œ(r)/ ბუნება writer /²raˆtœ(r)/ მწერალი
netball /²net³bŒ°l/ ნეტბოლი (კალათბურთის
სახეობა, რომელსაც take place ადგილი ჰქონდეს,
გოგონები თამაშობენ) ხდებოდეს
original /œ²rˆd¢(œ)nœl/ ორიგინალური
outdoors /a™t²dŒ°z/ კარში, შენობის გარეთ
paint /peˆnt/ საღებავი, ფერწერა UNIT 4
photography /fœ²t‰grœfi/ ფოტოგრაფია PLACES
Russian /²rŸ¡(œ)n/ რუსული
sculpture /²skŸlpt¡œ(r)/ ქანდაკება Lesson 1 ROOMS
skateboarding /²skeˆt³bŒ°(r)dˆ©/ სკეიტბორდით სრიალი area /²eœriœ/ სივრცე, არეალი
Spanish /²spænˆ¡/ ესპანური armchair /²†°mt¡eœ(r)/ სავარძელი
stuffed animals /³stŸft ²ænˆm(œ)ls/ რბილი (სათამაშო) artist /²†°(r)tˆst/ მხატვარი
ცხოველები
balcony /²bælkœni/ აივანი
traditional /trœ²dˆ¡(œ)nœl/ ტრადიციული
bath-tub /²b†°¥ ³tŸb/ აბაზანა
train /treˆn/ მატარებელი
bedspread /²bedspræd/ საწოლის
volleyball /²v‰li³bŒ°l/ ფრენბურთი გადასაფარებელი
World Cup /³w‡°(r)ld ²kŸp/ მსოფლიო თასი carpet /k†°pˆt/ ხალიჩა
cooker /²k™kœ(r)/ ქურა
I can’t stand... ვერ ვიტან...
Dutch /dŸt¡/ ჰოლანდიელი,
I don’t mind... არ აფერი მაქვს ჰოლანდიური
საწინააღმდეგო...
flat /flæt/ ბინა
I’m mad / crazy about... ვიჟდები, ვაფრენ ...
fridge /frˆd¢/ მაცივარი
furniture /f‡°nˆt¡œ(r)/ ავეჯი
CINDY’S READER: THE HOBBIT hall /hŒ°l/ ჰოლი
beard /bˆœ(r)d/ წვერები hang /hæ©/ ეკიდოს
beloved /bˆ²lŸvˆd/ საყვარელი lamp /læmp/ სანათი, ლამფა
brave /breˆv/ გულადი pillow /²pˆlœ™/ ბალიში/სასთუმალი
creature /²kri°t¡œ/ ქმნილება, არსება plant /pl†°nt/ მცენარე
deep /di°p/ ღრმად painter /peˆntœ(r)/ ფერმწერი
desolation /³desœ²leˆ¡(œ)n/ გულგატეხილობა, painting /²peˆntˆ©/ ფერწერული ტილო,
მარტოობა, სევდა სურათი
director /daˆ²rektœ/ რეჟისორი poor /pŒ°(r)/, /p™œ(r)/ ღარიბი
dragon /²drægœn/ დრაკონი, გველეშაპი sheet /¡i°t/ ზეწარი
dwarf /dw‰°f/ ჯუჯა shelf /¡elf/ თარო
elf /elf/ ელფი sink /si©k/ ჭურჭლის სარეცხი ნიჟარა

157
 sofa /²sœ™fœ/ ტახტი tour /t™œ(r)/ ტური, შემოვლა
toilet /²t‰ˆlœt/ ტუალეტი Tube /tju°b/ მეტრო
towel /ta™œl/ პირსახოცი wheelchair /²wi°l³t¡eœ(r)/ ინვალიდის ეტლი
wardrobe /²w‰°drœ™b/ გარდერობი workshop /²w‡°(r)k³¡‰p/ სემინარი/ვერკშოპი
გარდერობი
washbasin /²w‰¡beˆsn/ პირსაბანი take a break დასვენება,
შესვენების აღება
bright colour მჭხე ფერი audio guide აუდიო-გიდი (ჩანაწერი,
dark colour მუქი ფერი რომელიც
ექსკურსიამღოლის
light colour ნათელი ფერი ფუნქციას ასრულებს)
pale colour მკრთალი ფერი National Gallery (the) ნაციონალური გალერეა
(ლონდონში)
Lesson 2 OUT AND ABOUT opening hours სამუშაო საათები,
მიღების საათები
admission /œd²mˆ¡(œ)n/ შესვლა, შეშვება sign language ჟესტების/ნიშნების ენა
airport /²eœ(r)³pŒ°(r)t/ აეროპორტი (ყრუებისათვის)
assistance dog /œ²sˆst(œ)ns ³d‰g/ ბრმების დამხმარე ძაღლი work of art ხელოვნების ნიმუში
blind /blaˆnd/ ბრმა I’m beat. გადავიღალე.
busy /²bˆzi/ გადატვირთული Of course. რა თქმა უნდა.
bookshop /²b™k³¡‰p/ წიგნების მაღაზია
cafe /²kæfeˆ/ კაფე Lesson 3 THREE FAMOUS PAINTINGS
camera /²kæmœrœ/ ფოტოაპარატი
agree /œ²gri°/ დათანხმება
chant /t¡†°nt/ სიმღერა, მელოდია
aggressive /œ²gresˆv/ აგრესიული
collection /kœ²lek¡(œ)n/ კოლექცია
candle /²kænd(œ)l/ სანთელი
concert /²k‰nsœ(r)t/ კონცერტი
cry-baby /²kraˆ³beˆbi/ მტირალა
deaf /def/ ყრუ
burn /b‡°(r)n/ დაწვა, წვა
depend (on) /dˆ²pend/ დამოკიდებულია
(რაიმეზე/ვინმეზე) definitely /²defˆnœtli/ აშკარად
dish /dˆ¡/ კერძი detail /²di°teˆl/ დეტალი
elegant /²elˆgœnt/ ელეგანტური doorway /²dŒ°(r)³weˆ/ კარი, გასასვლელი
emotion /ˆ²mœ™¡n/ ემოცია
everywhere /²evri³weœ(r)/ ყველგან
fresh /fre¡/ ახალი
free /fri°/ უფასო, თავისუფალი
handkerchief /²hænkœt¡ˆf/ ცხვირსახოცი
gift /gˆft/ საჩუქარი
line /laˆn/ ხაზი, წრფე
guide /gaˆd/ გიდი/ექსკურსიამძღოლი
optimistic /‰ptˆ²mˆstˆk/ ოპტიმისტური
hang out /hæ© a™t/ ვინმესთან ერთად ყოფნა,
სადმე ყოფნა perspective /pœ(r)²spektˆv/ პერსპექტივა
international /³ˆntœ(r)²næ¡(œ)nœl/ საერთაშორისო pessimistic /³pesœ²mˆstˆk/ პესიმისტური
interview /²ˆntœ(r)³vju°/ ინტერვიუ, ინტერვიუს realistic /³ri°œ²lˆstˆk/  რეალისტური
ჩამორთმევა reason /²ri°zœn/ მიზეზი
land /lænd/ თვითმფრინავის დაშვება, reflection /rˆ²flek¡(œ)n/ არეკვლა
დაჯდომა separate /²sep(œ)rœt/ ცალკე, განცალკევებული
location /lœ™²keˆ¡(œ)n/ ლოკაცია, ადგილი shade /¡eˆd/ ჩრდილი
loud /la™d/ ხმამაღალი, ხმამაღლა stem /stem/ ღერო
master /²m†°stœ(r)/ ოსტატი tear /tiœ(r)/ ცრემლი
neat /ni°t/ აკურატული, vase /v†°z/ ლარნაკი/ვაზა
მოწესრიგებული
weep /wi°p/ ქვითინი/ტირილი
pass /p†°s/ გასვლა
passenger /²pæsˆnd¢œ(r)/ მგზავრი
hold hands ხელიხელჩაკიდებული
perfect /²p‡°fˆkt/ სრულყოფილი, სრული
I’m glad. მიხარია.
postcard /²pœ™s(t)³k†°(r)d/ ღია ბარათი You’re kidding. ხუმრობ.
safe /seˆf/ უსაფრთხო
snack /snæk/ ხემსი (ორიოდ ლუკმა)
Lesson 4 PLANS
show off /³¡œ™ ²‰f/ თავის გამოჩენა, პრანჭვა
smart /sm†°(r)t/ კოხტა/ელეგანტური, above /œ²bŸv/ ზევით
ჭკვიანი boat /bœ™t/ ნავი, გემი
spend /spend/ (დროის) გატარება, Buckingham Palace (the) ბაკინგემის სასახლე
(ფულის) დახარჯვა /²bŸkˆ©œm ³pælˆs/ (ინგლისის დედოფლის
square /skweœ(r)/ კვადრატი, მოედანი რეზიდენცია ლონდონში)
somewhere /²sŸmweœ(r)/ სადმე concentrate /²k‰ns(œ)n³treˆt/ კონცენტრირება
sunflower /²sŸn³fla™œ(r)/ მზესუმზირა depressed /dˆ²prest/ დეპრესიული
take off /³teˆk ²‰f/ (ტანსაცმლის) გახდა, forever /fœr²evœ(r)/ სამუდამოდ
(ქუდის) მოხდა future /²fju°t¡œ(r)/ მომავალი

158
giant /²d¢aˆœnt/ გიგანტი, გიგანტური UNIT 5
give away /gˆv œ²weˆ/ გაცემა, ჩუქება WHO WAS WHO?
gorilla /gœ²rˆlœ/ გორილა
Lesson 1 THE PHOTO ALBUM
intention /ˆn²ten¡(œ)n/ განზრახვა
leave /li°v/ დატოვება, abroad /œ²brŒ°d/ საზღვარგარეთი/
თავის დანებება უცხოეთი
London Eye (the) /³lŸndœn ²aˆ/ უზარმაზარი მოძრავი actually /²ækt¡uœli/ სინამდვილეში,
ბორბალი ვაგონეტკებით არსებითად
ლონდონში explosion /ˆk²splœ™¢(œ)n/ აფეთქება
pack /pæk/ ჩალაგება (ბარგისა) agent /²eˆd¢œnt/ აგენტი
queen /kwi°n/ დედოფალი album /²ælbœm/ ალბომი
shelter /²¡eltœ(r)/ თავშესაფარი Atlantis /œ²tlæntˆs/ ატლანტიდა
attic /²ætˆk/ სხვენი/მანსარდი
sight /saˆt/ ღირსშესანიშნავი ადგილი
brand new /²brænd ³nju°/ ახალთახალი
station /²steˆ¡(œ)n/ სადგური
camera /²kæmœrœ/ ფოტოაპარატი
stay /steˆ/ დარჩენა
captain /²kæptˆn/ კაპიტანი
Thames (the) /𜠲temz/ ტემზა
computer programmer პროგრამისტი
(მდინარე ლონდონში) /kœm³pju°tœ ²prœ™græmœ(r)/
throw away /¥rœ™ œ²weˆ/ გადაგდება designer /dˆ²zaˆnœ(r)/ დიზაინერი
tomcat /²t‰m³kæt/ მამალი კატა dress up /³dres ²Ÿp/ ჩაცმა, გადაცმა,
tomorrow /tœ²m‰rœ™/ ხვალ გამოწყობა
tonight /tœ²naˆt/ ამაღამ explorer /ˆk²splŒ°rœ(r)/ მკვლევარი, აღმომჩენი
Tower of London (the) ლონდონის ტაუერი fashion show /²fæ¡œn ³¡œ™/ მოდების ჩვენება
/³ta™œr œv ²lŸndœn/ foreign /²f‰rˆn/ უცხოური
trip /trˆp/ მგზავრობა hairdresser /²heœdresœ(r)/ პარიკმახერი, სტილისტი
waste /weˆst/ ფლანგვა hairstyle /²heœ(r)³staˆl/ ვარცხნილობა
(დროის ან ფულის) inventor /ˆn²ventœ(r)/ გამომგონებელი
wheel /wi°l/ ბორბალი kindergarten /²kˆndœg†°tn/ საბავშვო ბაღი
lab /læb/ ლაბორატორია
at the last possible moment ბოლო წამს scientist /²saˆœntˆst/ მეცნიერი
fold-out armchair სავარძელი, რომელიც sore throat /³sŒ°(r) ²¥rœ™t/ ანგინა, ყელის ტკივილი
შეიძლება გაშალო და specialist /²spe¡œlˆst/ სპეციალისტი
საწოლად იქცეს spooky /²spu°ki/ საშიში, უჩვეულო
take a ride დაჯდომა, გამგზავრება temperature /²temprˆt¡œ(r)/ ტემპერატურა
make it აღსრულება waitress /²weˆtrœs/ ოფიციანტი/მიმტანი
(ქალი)
Slow down! ცოტა ნელა!
wig /wˆg/ პარიკი

CINDY’S READER: Osijek

at the seaside ზღვის პირას, ზღვაზე
bishop /²bˆ¡œp/ არქიეპისკოპოსი be in disguise გადაცმული
boar /bŒ°(r)/ ტახი foreign country უცხო ქვეყანა
charming /t¡a°(r)mˆ©/ მომხიბლავი hairdresser’s salon საპარიკმახერო/
სილამაზის სალონი
deer /dˆœ(r)/ ირემი/ირმები
take a photo სურათის გადაღება
fortification /fŒ°tˆfˆ²keˆ¡n/ ციხე-სიმაგრე
historic /hˆ²st‰rˆk/ ისტორიული
Lesson 2 “CLUE ME IN” QUIZ
lie /laˆ/ ტყუილი
lovely /²lŸvli/ ლამაზი, კარგი, although /²Œ°lðœ™/ თუმცა
მიმზიდველი apprentice /œ²prentˆs/ შეგირდი
marsh /ma°¡/ ჭანჭრობი, ჭაობი architect /²†°(r)kˆ³tekt/ არქიტექტორი
maize /meˆz/ სიმინდი become /bˆ²kŸm/ გახდე (ვინმე ან რაიმე)
buried /²berid/ დაკრძალული
nature reserve /²neˆt¡œ³rˆz‡°v/ ნაკრძალი
candidate /²kændˆdeˆt/ კანდიდატი
peaceful /²pi°sfl/ მშვიდი, წყნარი
century /²sent¡œri/ საუკუნე
plain /pleˆn/ დაბლობი
clue /klu°/ მიმანიშნებელი რამ
stadium /²steˆdiœm/ სტადიონი
compose /kœm²pœ™z/ კომპოზიციის დაწერა,
wheat /wi°t/ ხორბალი შექმნა
create /krˆ²eˆt/ შექმნა
Upper Town ქალაქის ზედა ნაწილი design /dˆ²zaˆn/ დიზაინის შექმნა
Lower Town ქალაქის ქვედა ნაწილი discover /²dˆs²kŸvœ(r)/ აღმოჩენა
Nobel Prize winner ნობელის პრემიის electric /ˆ²lektrˆk/ ელექტრო
ლაურეატი electricity /ˆ³lek²trˆsœti/ ელექტრობა

159
 engine /²end¢ˆn/ მანქანა-დანადგარი, go to collage კოლეჯში სწავლა
ძრავა take care (of) ზრუნვა (ვინმეზე/რაიმეზე)
literature /²lˆtrœt¡œ(r)/ ლიტერატურა
misadventure /mˆsœd²vænt¡œ(r)/ ავარია, ცუდი შემთხვევა Lesson 4 PETE’S ALIBI
moustache /mœ²st†°¡/ ულვაში
musician /mju²zˆ¡(œ)n/ მუსიკოსი accuse /œ²kju°z/ დადანაშააულება/
დაბრალება
mysterious /mˆ²stˆœrˆœs/ იდუმალი, საიდუმლოებით
მოცული alarm bell /œ²l†°mbel/ განგაშის ზარი
politician /³p‰lœ²tˆ¡(œ)n/ პოლიტიკოსი alibi /²ælœbaˆ/ ალიბი
anyway /²eni³weˆ/ ასეა თუ ისე,
portrait /²pŒ°treˆt/ პორტრეტი
ყველა შემთხვევაში
prize /pr†ˆz/ პრიზი, ჯილდო
apologise /œ²p‰lœd¢aˆz/ მობოდიშება
radium /²reˆdˆœm/ რადიუმი
believe /bˆ²li°v/ დაჯერება
sail /seˆl/ ზღვით მოგზაურობა,
cheer up /t¡ˆœr Ÿp/ გამხნევება, გამხნევდი
გემით ცურვა
fair /feœ(r)/ ბაზრობა
silent film /²s†ˆlœnt ³fˆlm/ მუნჯი კინო
fault /fŒ°lt/ ბრალი, დაბრალება
soon /su°n/ მალე
guilty /²gˆltˆ/ დამნაშავე
tale /teˆl/ ზღაპარი
immediately /ˆ²mi°diœtli/ მაშინვე
tramp /træmp/ მაწანწალა
notice /²nœ™tˆs/ წარწერა, შენიშვნა
twice /twaˆs/ ორჯერ
steal /sti°l/ მოპარვა
vegetarian /³ved¢œ²teœriœn/ ვეგეტერიანელი
still /stˆl/ ჯერ კიდევ, მაინც
whiz kid /²wˆz ³kˆd/ ვუნდერკინდი,
გამორჩეული ბავშვი
out of order წყობიდან გამოსული,
გაფუჭებული
leave a gap ცარიელი ადგილის
დატოვება call for help საშველად დარეკვა
score a point მოუგო, ქულები დაიწერო get trapped in a lift ლიფტში ჩაკეტვა
I didn’t mean to hurt you. არ მინდოდა შენი
Croatian Tales of Long Ago ძველი დროის
წყენინება.
ხორვატული ზრაპრები
It’s my fault. ჩემი ბრალია
It’s not that bad. ამდენად საშიშიც არ არის,
Lesson 3 SEVEN LADIES AND A DOG ამდენად ცუდადაც არ
არის საქმე, არა უშავს.
already /Œ°l²redi/ უკვე
Please, forgive me. გთხოვ, მაპატიო.
chemical element /³kemˆkl ²elˆmœnt/ ქიმიური ელემენტი
We can work it out. მაგასაც მოევლება,
chemistry /²kemˆstri/ ქიმია
რამეს მოვახერხებთ.
cross /kr‰s/ გადაკვეთა
culture /²kŸlt¡œ(r)/ კულტურა
CINDY’S READER: MISS AGATHA INVESTIGATES THE CASE OF
disappear /³dˆsœ²pˆœ(r)/ გაქრობა THE PINK TEDDY BEAR
discovery /dˆ²skŸv(œ)ri/ აღმოჩენა
assistant /œ²sˆstœnt/ ასისტენტი, დამხმარე
exchange /ˆks²t¡eˆnd¢/ გადაცვლა, გაცვლა
case /keˆs/ შემთხვევა, საქმე
flight /faˆt/ გაფრენა
diamond /²daˆmœnd/ ბრილიანტი
leukaemia /lu°²ki°miœ/ ლეიკემია/სისხლის
გათეთრება funfair /²fŸnfeœ/ ლუნაპარკი
nickname /²nˆk³neˆm/ მეტსახელი height /haˆt/ სიმაღლე
nun /nŸn/ მონაზონი hold /hœ™ld/ ხელში ჭერა (რაიმესი)
nurse /n‡°(r)s/ მედდა investigator /in²vestˆgeˆtœ(r)/ გამომძიებელი
orbit /²Œ°(r)bˆt/ გარშემო შემოვლა, proof /pru°f/ მტკიცებულება, სამხილი
შემოფრენა robber /²r‰bœ(r)/ მძარცველი
peace /pi°s/ მშვიდობა stall /stŒ°l/ დახლი, ჯიხური
physics /²fˆzˆks/ ფიზიკა stolen /²stœ™lœn/ მოპარული
pilot /²paˆlœt/ პილოტი/მფრინავი suspect /sœ²spekt/ ეჭვმიტანილი
polonium /pœ²lœ™niœm/ პოლონიუმი
soldier /²sœ™ld¢œ(r)/ ჯარისკაცი
result /rˆ²zŸlt/ შედეგი UNIT 6
rocket /²r‰kˆt/ რაკეტა THE AMERICAN DREAM
stray dog /³streˆ ²d‰g/ მაწანწალა/
უპატრონო ძაღლი Lesson 1 THE BIG STAR
survive /sœ(r)²vaˆv/ გადარჩენა Aussie /²‰zi/ ავსტრალიელი,
war /wŒ°(r)/ ომი ავსტრალიური
(სასაუბრო ვარიანტი)
control tower აეროდრომის autograph /²Œ°tœgr†°f/ ავტოგრაფი
სადისპეტჩერო drop /²dr‰p/ დაგივარდეს (რაიმე)
World War I პირველი მსოფლიო ომი exam /ˆg²zæm/ გამოცდა

160
filming /fˆlmˆ©/ კინოს გადაღება island /²aˆlœnd/ კუნძული
find out /³faˆnd ²a™t/ აღმოჩენა journey /²d¢‡°(r)ni/ მგზავრობა, მოგზაურობა
kidnap /²kˆdnæp/ გაიტაცო (ვინმე) loudly /la™dli/ ხმამაღლა
kidnapper /²kˆdnæpœ(r)/ გამტაცებელი name /neˆm/ დასახელება
kidnapping /²kˆdnæpˆ©/ გატაცება need /ni°d/ საჭიროა, საჭიროება
pie /paˆ/ ღვეზელი peach /pi°t¡/ ატამი
recognise /²rekœgnaˆz/ ცნობა (ვინმესი) pear /peœ/ მსხალი
script /skrˆpt/ სცენარი precisely /prˆ²saˆsli/ ზუსტად
several /²sev(œ)rœl/ რამდენიმე refuse /rˆ²fju°z/ უარის თქმა
spoiled brat /³spŒˆld ²bræt/ გაფუჭებული ბავშვი sailor /seˆlœ(r)/ მეზღვაური
surprise /sœ(r)²praˆz/ სურპრიზი shout /¡a™t/ დაყვირება, ყვირილი
tasty /²teˆsti/ გემრიელი sign /saˆn/ ნიშანი
time-out /³t†ˆm²†™t/ შესვენების არება, sky /skaˆ/ ცა
დროებით შეწყვეტა smallpox /²smŒ°l³p‰ks/ ყვავილი (მედ.)
weight /weˆt/ წონა unusual /Ÿn²ju°¢™œl/ უჩვეულო

be after somebody ვინმეს გაკიდება, დევნა that is ესე იგი, ანუ, შესაბამისად
lose weight წონაში დაკლება the other way round პირიქით, საპირისპირო
put on weight წონაში მომატება მიმართულებით
I’m impressed with the city. ქალაქმა ჩემზე Sail ahead! წინისაკენ!
შთაბეჭდილება მოახდინა გავნაგრძოთ ცურვა!

Lesson 2 ZACK’S USA QUIZ

Lesson 4 SITTING BULL AND THE SIOUX
amusement park /œ²mju°zmœnt ³p†°k/ გასართობი პარკი
(ატრაქციონებით) attack /œ²tæk/ შეტევა, შეუტიო
Bald Eagle /²bŒ°ld ³i°g(œ)l/ თეთრთავა ფსოვი battle /²bæt(œ)l/ ბრძოლა, შეტაკება
bulb /bŸlb/ ელექტრონათურა buffalo /²bŸfœlœ™/ ბიზონი
border /²bŒ°(r)dœ(r)/ საზღვარი bull /b™l/ ბუღა
circle /s‡°kl/ წრე chief /t¡i°f/ ბელადი
flag /flæg/ დროშა dream /dri°m/ სიზმარი
flow /flœ™/ მოედინებოდეს enemy /²enœmi/ მტერი
Independence Day დამოუკიდებლობის დღე feather /²feðœ/ ბუმბული
/³ˆndˆ²pendœns ²deˆ/ free /fri°/ თავისუფალი
independent /³ˆndˆ²pendœnt/ დამოუკიდებელი general /²d¢en(œ)rœl/ გენერალი
inhabitant /ˆn²hæbˆtœnt/ ბინადარი, მაცხოვრებელი gold /gœ™ld/ ოქრო
per cent /pœ(r)²sent/ პროცენტი happiness /²hæpˆnœs/ ბედნიერება
percentage /pœ(r)²sentˆd¢/ პროცენტულობა headdress /²heddres/ თავსაბურავი
point /pŒˆnt/ წერტილი hit /hˆt/ დარტყმა
population /³p‰pj™²leˆ¡(œ)n/ მოსახლეობა kind /kaˆnd/ კეთილი,
size /saˆz/ ზომა კეთილგანწყობილი
slave /sleˆv/ მონა last /la°st/ უკანასკნელი
slavery /²sleˆvœri/ მონობა miner /maˆnœ(r)/ (აქ) ოქროს მაძიებელი
square /skweœ/ კვადრატი, კვადრატული moccasin /²m‰kœsˆn/ მოკასინი (ინდიელების
ფეხსაცმელი)
state /steˆt/ სახელმწიფო,
შტატი (აშშ-ში) once /wŸns/ ერთხელ
stripe /straˆp/ ზოლი prisoner /²prˆz(œ)nœ(r)/ ტყვე
Thanksgiving /³¥æ©ks²gˆvˆ©/ მადლიერების დღე Sioux Indians (the) /²su° ³ˆndˆœnz/ ინდიელთა ტომი „სუ“
waterfall /²wŒ°tœfŒ°l/ ჩანჩქერი territory /²terœtri/ ტერიტორია, მიწა-წყალი

national holiday ეროვნული დღესასწაული order of events მოვლენათა

თანამიმდევრობა
Well done! ყოჩაღ! კარგია!
come true ცხადად ქცევა, ახდენა
(სიზმრის, ოცნების)
Lesson 3 THE CAPTAIN leave alone თავის დანებება,
ნებაზე მიშვება
cabin /²kæbˆn/ კაბინა
was gone forever სამუდამოდ გაქრა, წავიდა
caravel /²kærœvel/ კარაველა
during /²dj™œrˆ©/ განმავლობაში
CINDY’S READER : “ALL-AMERICAN” ANIMALS
flat /flæt/ ბრტყელი
handsome /²hænsœm/ ლამაზი, წარმოსადეგი appear /œ²pˆœ(r)/ გაჩენა, გამოჩენა
however /ha™²evœ(r)/ თუმცაღა celebration /³selœ²breˆ¡(œ)n/  ზეიმობა, აღნიშვნა
illness /²ˆlnœs/ დაავადება chipmunk /²t¡ˆp³mŸ©k/ ციყვის ამერიკული ჯიში

161
 coin /kŒˆn/ მონეტა deadly /dedli/ მომაკვდინებელი
corn /kŒ°(r)n/ სიმინდი decision /dˆ²sˆ¢(œ)n/ გადაწყვეტილება
cover /²kŸvœ(r)/ საფარი dolphin /²d‰lfˆn/ დელფინი
destroy /dˆ²strŒˆ/ განადგურება, დანგრევა fatal /²feˆtœl/ ფატალური,
easily /²i°zˆli/ ადვილად ბოლოსმომღები
freely /²fri°li/ თავისუფლად feed /fi°d/ კვება
frontier /frŸn²tˆœ(r)/ საზღვარი jellyfish /²d¢elˆfˆ¡/ მედუზა
Great Plains (the) /³greˆt ²pleˆnz/ დიადი დაბლობების მხარე litter /²lˆtœ(r)/ ნაგავი
herd /h‡°(r)d/ ჯოგი, რემა, ფარა pick up /³pˆk ³Ÿp/ აღება, აკრეფა
legend /²led¢(œ)nd/ ლეგენდა plastic /²plæstˆk პლასტიკის
pioneer /³paˆœ²nˆœ(r)/ პიონერი - ამერიკის promise /²pr†mˆs/ დაპირება
პირველმოსახლე recycle /³rˆ²s†ˆkl/ გადამუშავება
ევროპელები save /seˆv/ გადარჩენა, დაზოგვა
railway /²reˆlweˆ/ რკინიგზა (ფულის, ელექტროდენის
represent /³reprˆ²zent/ წარმოდგენა, და ა.შ)
წარმოადგენდეს stomach /²stŸmœk/ კუჭი
roam /rœ™m/ მოგზაურობა, ადგილიდან swamp /sw‰mp/ დაჭაობებული ადგილი
ადგილზე გადასვლა, trace /treˆs/ კვალი, ნიშანი
ხეტიალი
turn off /t‡°n ‰f/ გამორთვა/დაკეტვა
scratch /skræt¡/ ნაკაწრი
turn on /t‡°n ‰n/ ჩართვა/მოშვება
squirrel /²skwˆrœl/ ციყვი
turtle /²t‡°(r)t(œ)l/ წყლის კუ
tribe /traˆb/ ტომი
turkey /²t‡°(r)ki/ ინდაური
have a bath აბაზანის მიღება
have a shower შხაპის მიღება
light a fire ცეცხლის დანთება
Unit 7 plant a tree ხის დარგვა
WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS
sound good კარგად ჟღერს (მომწონს)
Lesson 1 WHAT WILL THE FUTURE BE LIKE?
Lesson 3 HEALTHY HABITS
continue /kœn²tˆnju°/ გაგრძელება
cure /kj™œ(r)/ განკურნება broccoli /²br‰kœli/ ბროკოლი
disagree /dˆsœ²gri°/ არდათანხმება brain /’breˆn/ ტვინი
environment /ˆn²vaˆrœnmœnt/ გარემო cereal /²sˆœriœl/ მარცვლეული,
ბურღულეული
extinct /ˆk²stˆ©kt/ გაწყვეტა, ამოწყვეტა,
გადაშენება energy /²enœ(r)d¢i/ ენერგია
everyday /²evri³deˆ/ ყოველდღიური fizzy drink /²fˆzi ³drˆ©k/ გაზიანი სასმელი
harmony /²ha°(r)mœni/ ჰარმონია full /f™l/ დანაყრებული/მაძღარი
housework /²ha™swœ(r)k/ საშინაო/ habit /²hæbˆt/ ჩვევა
საოჯახო საქმეები healthy /²hel¥i/ ჯანსაღი
oxygen /²‰ksˆd¢(œ)n/ ჟანგბადი helmet /²helmˆt/ ჩაფხუტი
ozone layer /²œ™zœ™n ³leˆœ(r)/ ოზონი include /ˆn²klu°d/ რამეს მოიცავდეს,
pollute /pœ²lu°t/ დააბინძურო რაიმეს ჩათვლით
pollution /pœ²lu°¡n/ დაბინძურება junk food /²d¢Ÿ©k ³fu°d/ უვარგისი/
არაჯანსაღი საკვები
rainforest /²reˆn³f‰rˆst/ ჯუნგლები,
ტროპიკული ტყე lettuce /²letˆs/ მწვანე სალათა
replace /rˆ²pleˆs/ ჩანაცვლება meat /mi°t/ ხორცი
responsible /rˆ²sp‰nsœb(œ)l/ პასუხისმგებელი mineral water /²mˆnœrœl ³wŒ°tœ(r)/ მინერალური წყალი
run out /³rŸn ²a™t/ გამოლევა, დამთავრება mushroom /²mŸ¡r™m/ სოკო
take over /³teˆk ²œ™vœ(r)/ საკუთარ თავზე აღება nuts /nŸts/ ნაჭუჭიანი ნაყოფი
(თხილი, კაკალი, ნუში და
technology /tek²n‰lœd¢i/ ტექნოლოგია მისთ.)
temperature /²temprˆt¡œ(r)/ ტემპერატურა olive oil /³‰lˆv ²‰ˆl/ ზეითუნის ზეთი
pickles /pˆklz/ მწნილები
become extinct გადაშენება pineapple /²p†ˆnæpl/ ანანასი
die out ამოწყვეტა, კვდომა sausage /s‰sˆd¢/ ძეხვი
in my opinion... ჩემი აზრით... sleepy /²sli°pi/ ძილმორეული
soft drink /²s‰ft ³drˆ©k/ უალკოჰოლო სასმელი
Lesson 2 I PROMISE I’LL CHANGE! spinach /²spˆnˆt¡/ ისპანახი
bottle top /²b‰tl³t‰p/ ბოთლის თავსახური snack /snæk/ ხემსი (ორიოდე ლუკმა)
choke /t¡œ™k/ დახრჩობა, გაგუდვა sugar /²¡™gœ(r)/ შაქარი
container /kœn²teˆnœ(r)/ კონტეინერი sweets /swi°ts/ ტკბილეული, კანფეტები

162
Lesson 4 Nosy Suzy finds out mistletoe /²mˆsltœ™/ ფითრი (ბოტ.)
reindeer /²reˆndˆœ(r)/ ჩრდილოეთის ირემი/
accept /œk²sept/ მიღება ირმები
gossip /²g‰sˆp/ გაჭორვა, გაშავება silent /²saˆlœnt/ ჩუმი
nosy /²nœ™zi/ ზედმეტად sleigh /sleˆ/ მარხილი
ცნობისმოყვარე, სხვის
საქმეში ცხვირის ჩამყოფი stocking /²st‰kˆ©/ წინდა
reputation /³repju²teˆ¡n/ რეპუტაცია
tent /tent/ კარავი ST VALENTINE’S DAY

behave /bˆ²heˆv/ ქცევა, მოქცევა

Good for you! ყოჩაღ! beat /bi°t/ აძგერება (გულისა)
I’m sick and tired. მომბეზრდა და დავიღალე. concentrate /²k‰nsntreˆt/ კონცენტრირება
Keep in touch! კავშირი ვიქონიოთ! express /ˆk²spres/ გამოხატვა
Lucky you! ბედნიერო! poetic /pœ™²etˆk/ პოეტური
We’re going to miss you! მოგვენატრები! spend /spend/ ხარჯვა, დახარჯვა
I can hardly wait! ერთი სული მაქვს! strangely /²streˆnd¢li/ უცნაურად
symptom /²sˆmptœm/ სიმპტომი
CINDY’S READER: Building bridges

bay /beˆ/ ყურე, უბე My hearts beats when I see him. როცა მას ვხედავ,
გული მიჩქარდება
brick /brˆk/ აგური
canyon /²kænjœn/ კანიონი
concrete /²k‰©kri°t/ ბეტონი EASTER
connect /kœ²nækt/ შეერთება, დაკავშირება branch /brænt¡/ ტოტი
invention /ˆn²vent¡n/ გამოგონება cross /kr‰s/ ჯვარი
iron /²aˆœn/ რკინა farthest /²fa:ðˆst/ ყველაზე შორს
mainland /²meˆnlænd/ მატერიკი, კონტინენტი lamb /læm/ ბატკანი
rope /rœ™p/ ბაწარი palm /pa°m/ პალმა
steel /sti°l/ ფოლადი pancake /²pænkeˆk/ ბლინი
stone /stœ™n/ ქვა roast /rœ™st/ შემწვარი
stream /stri°m/ ნაკადული sauce /sŒ°s/ საწებელი, სოუსი
tree trunk /²tri°²trŸ©k/ ხის ტანი wave /weˆv/ ხელის დაქნევა
valley /væli/ ველი
wood /w™d/ ხის მასალა mint sauce პიტნის სოუსი
Egg Roll „კვერცხის გორება“
(საშობაო თამაში,
რომელშიც მოგებული ის
APPENDIX ბავშვია, რომელიც
ყველაზე შორს გააგორებს
HALLOWEEN კვერცხს)
Egg Hunt „კვერცხზე ნადირობა“
bat /bæt/ ღამურა
(საშობაო თამაში,
butterfly /²bŸtœflaˆ/ პეპელა რომელშიც მოგებულმა
disappointed /³dˆsœ²pŒˆntˆd/ იმედგაცრუებული ბავშვმა უნდა იპოვოს
fairy /²feœri/ ფერია მშობლების მიერ
დამალული კვერცხი)
make-up /²meˆk³Ÿp/ მაკიაჟი
Hot Cross Buns ცხელი, ჯვრიანი
pumpkin /²pŸmpkˆn/ გოგრა ფუნთუშები, რომლებსაც
scream /skri°m/ კივილი წითელ პარასკევს
sheet /¡i°t/ ზეწარი მიირთმევენ ბრიტანეთში
washing machine /²w‰¡ˆ©³mœ²¡i:n/ სარეცხი მანქანა Shrove Tuesday ყველიერის კვირის
სამშაბათი დღე

CHRISTMAS

angel /²eˆnd¢l/ ანგელოზი

celebrate /²selˆbreˆt/ ზეიმობა
Christmas pudding საშობაო პუდინგი
/²krˆsmœs ²p™dˆ©/ (ბრიტანული
ტრადიციული ნამცხვარი)
decoration /dekœ²reˆ¡œn/ დეკორაცია, მორთულობა
elf /elf/ ელფი
fireplace /²faˆœ³pleˆs/ ბუხარი
holly /²h‰li/ ბაძგი (ბოტ.)

163
IRREGULAR VERBS

INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE GEORGIAN TRANSLATION

become /bˆ²kŸm/ became /bˆ²keˆm/ გახდომა

begin /bˆ²gˆn/ began /bˆ²gæn/ დაწყება

bring /brˆ©/ brought /brŒ°t/ მოტანა

buy /baˆ/ bought /bŒ°t/ ყიდვა

can /kæn/ could /k™d/ შეძლება

come /kŸm/ came /keˆm/ მოსვლა

eat /i°t/ ate /eˆt/ ჭამა

fall /fŒ°l/ fell /fel/ დაცემა

feel /fi°l/ felt /felt/ გრძნობა

find /faˆnd/ found /fa™nd/ პოვნა

forget /fœ²get/ forgot /fœ²g‰t/ დავიწყება

get /get/ got /g‰t/ მიღება

give /gˆv/ gave /geˆv/ მიცემა

go /gœ™/ went /went/ წასვლა

have /hæv/ had /hæd/ ქონა

hear /hˆœ/ heard /h‡°d/ მოსმენა

hit /hˆt/ hit /hˆt/ დარტყმა

know /nœ™/ knew /nju°/ ცოდნა

learn /l‡°n/ learnt /l‡°nt/ სწავლა

leave /li°v/ left /left/ დატოვება

lose /lu°z/ lost /l‰st/ დაკარგვა

make /meˆk/ made /meˆd/ გაკეთება

mean /mi°n/ meant /ment/ მნიშვნელობა

meet /mi°t/ met /met/ შეხვედრა

put /p™t/ put /p™t/ დადება

read /ri°d/ read /red/ წაკითხვა

say /seˆ/ said /sed/ თქმა

see /si°/ saw /sŒ°/ დანახვა

speak /spi°k/ spoke /spœ™k/ ლაპარაკი

steal /sti°l/ stole /stœ™l/ მოპარვა

swim /swˆm/ swam /swæm/ ცურვა

take /teˆk/ took /t™k/ აღება

tell /tel/ told /tœ™ld/ თქმა

think /¥ˆ©k/ thought /¥Œ°t/ ფიქრი

wear /weœ(r)/ wore /wŒ°(r)/ ჩაცმა

win /wˆn/ won /wŸn/ მოგება

write /raˆt/ wrote /rœ™t/ წერა