Learning Guide

B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

Unit 1: Performance of I.C. Engines……………………………………………………………………….2

Unit 2: General Description of I.C.Engines………………………………………………………………4

Unit 3: Scavenging…………………………………………………………………………………………………..5

Unit 4: Supercharging arrangements ……………………………………………………………………6

Unit 5: Combustion of Fuels in IC Engines……………………………………………………………….7

Unit 6: Compression Pressure ratio and its effects on Engines………………………………8

Unit 7: Cooling of IC Engines…………………………………………………………………………………9

Unit 8: Safety and Prevention of mishaps in IC Engines…………………………………………10

Unit 9: Special features of IC Engines ……………………………………………………………………11

Note for students

1. Inside the tutorials there are theory question.

Answer all these in your “Side by side workbook”.

2. For definitions, explanations & short notes, refer to “Multimedia Learn More”
in the LMS (Learning Management System). Write your answers in your “Side
by side workbook”.

3. The numbering in this tutorial matches with the course structure / Units
(Lessons) in the LMS for easy traceability.

4. Carry out knowledge check on completion of each section – revise sections

if necessary

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

Unit 1: Performance of I.C. Engines

Definitions, Explanations and Short notes – refer to Learn more and
multimedia. Use diagrams with labels to support your answers

Unit No. 1.1 – 4-Stroke and 2-Stroke cycles

1. Classify various internal combustion engines
2. Define TDC, BDC, stroke, swept volume, total volume ,compression ratio
3. Compare the basic thermodynamic cycles, Otto cycle, diesel cycle, and dual cycle.
4. Explain compression ratio, pressure ratio and cut off ratio in dual cycle.
5. Draw a timing diagram of a 2 –stroke Diesel Engine and name the process of the complete
cycle.
6. What are the events that take place in the cycle of a compression ignition engine? Explain
the above stated events in respect of two stroke engine along with the valve timing
diagram. .
7. What is cycle for an internal Combustion engine?
8. Define mean piston speed.
9. Explain how enhance mean piston speed increases the engine power output.
10. Write down the constraints’ for increases the mean piston speed with its reasons
11. Why compression ratio varies between C.I and S.I engines. How compression ratio can
help for fuel combustion.
12. Draw & Discuss the timing diagram of a 4 Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine.
13. Define compression Ratio and its effect on Diesel Engine.
14. In what manner does the actual Internal Combustion Engine Cycle differ from the
theoretical air cycle?
15. State & Explain different Power Ratings e.g MCR used to distinguish Diesel Engines
16. Justify, Mean piston speed of an I.C engine is a function of power output.

17. What are the events that take place in the cycle of a compression ignition engine ,Explain
the above

18. State events in respect of two stroke engine along with the valve timing diagram.
19. Why compression ratio varies between C.I and S.I engines. How compression ratio
can help for fuel combustion.

Unit No. 1.2- Slow Speed, Medium Speed and High Speed Engines
1. State & Explain different Power Ratings used to distinguish Diesel Engines.
2. Compare slow, medium and high speed engines.
3. Onboard application of slow, medium and high speed engines.
4. Classify various power ratings of Engines
5. State the advantages of two stroke slow speed diesel engines.
6. State the advantages of four stroke medium speed diesel engines.

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

Unit No. 1.3 - Heat balance Diagrams and Thermal Efficiency

1. Draw the heat Balance Diagram of a Diesel Engine.

2. List the various mediums which absorb heat from engine components
3. State the relationship between heat balance and thermal efficiency of the engine
4. How thermal efficiency of a marine plant is maximised although a diesel engine is inherently
incapable of utilising all the heat generated in a cylinder?

Unit No. 1.4 – Indicator Diagram

1. What is draw card diagram and its usefulness.

2. What is power card diagram and its usefulness.
3. What is light spring diagram and its usefulness.
4. Explain the working of engine indicator & what is its purpose

Unit No. 1.5 – vibration in the main engine system

1. How vibrations are produced in a diesel engine and measures to counter them
2. Critical Speed or barred speed range of an engine

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

Unit 2: General Description of I.C.Engines

Definitions, Explanations and Short notes – refer to Learn more and multimedia
Use diagrams with labels to support your answers
Unit No. 2.1- Constructional Details of IC Engines

1. Why tie rods are used for diesel engines.

2. Draw a simple line sketch diagram of static components of a cross head type diesel
engine. Show how all those components are fastened. Label all the components.

3. Sketch and describe the Main Engine Cross head bearing and guide for a large slow
running Diesel Engine , showing how the connecting and piston rods are attached.
Discuss the bearing clearances and how adequate lubricating oil pressure for the top end
bearing is achieved.

4. Why is it difficult for lubricating crosshead bearing for diesel engine? Explain at least two
methods which are in use to overcome this problem

5. Draw a neat sketch of cylinder liner of large marine 2 stroke diesel engine of any reputed
manufacturer where bore cooling method is used. Label the sketch and briefly describe
the special features of Liner

6. Show all sealing areas on the liner and explain the sealing method and material.

7. What is the quality of finish provided to the liner surface and how is it achieved.

8. Draw and label a sketch of two piece piston of a medium speed engine, why the piston is
made in two pieces

9. With the help of sketch describe three different types of piston rings, make mention of their
special features.

10. Define the causes of cylinder liner and piston rings w«ar? What maintenance needs to be
carried out to avoid the wear out? Explain the possible consequences of operating a main
engine with excessive wear.

11. Justify Two stroke cross head engine is fitted with guide shoe

12. What is the purpose of cross head? Name its components

13. Sketch a cross head engine connecting rod with its two views and name the parts.

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

14. What materials are used in the manufacture of Piston Rings for large slow running Diesel
Engines? How are these fitted to the Pistons? State the clearances that are necessary and
the reasons for these. Give possible causes for failure of piston rings in service.

15. Describe bed plate, A – frame & Engine block for large 2 stroke diesel engines.

16. The Gudgeon bearing assembly is not particularly suited for highly rated two stroke engine
unless special arrangements are made for its lubrication.

Unit 3: Scavenging

Definitions, Explanations and Short notes – refer to Learn more and multimedia
Use diagrams with labels to support your answers

Unit No. 3.1 – Scavenging arrangements in 2-stroke engines

1. Name various types of scavenging system used for marine diesel Engine, name the best
type with justification

2. Justify, Effective scavenging system is imperative to enhance the engine volumetric

efficiency.

Unit No. 3.2 – Air charging and exhausting in 4-stroke engines

1. Justify Scavenge air pressure is required to increase for higher engine output.

2. What is the purpose of an exhaust valve and its operational procedure fitted in

MAN-B&W, SMC type engine

3. Explain the differences between pulse type and constant pressure Turbo charging
system?

4. Explain what is a Tuned Exhaust System of a large Diesel Engine?

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

Unit 4: Supercharging arrangements

Definitions, Explanations and Short notes – refer to Learn more and multimedia
Use diagrams with labels to support your answers

Unit No. 4.1 – Supercharging

1. Why a supercharging of a diesel engine is done

2. Explain dry cleaning, wet cleaning of turbocharger

Unit No. 4.2 – Different types of turbocharging

1. Name various methods of turbocharging used for diesel engine and give a comparative
study of them

2. Sketch and describe a constant pressure turbo charging system. Give its advantages and
disadvantages. What is the maintenance required to maintain its efficiency?

1. Why scavenge air coolers are fitted in diesel engines? What are the consequences of
insufficient cooling?

2. What is surging of turbocharger, how it is prevented.

3. Describe various routine maintenance work necessary for efficient operation of main
engine turbocharger.

4. Justify Charge air is cooled through air cooler fitted with I.C engine.

5. What is the purpose of nozzle ring fitted in T/C and how back pressure can develop
in the exhaust system?
6. Discuss the term “Labyrinth seal” and its relevance to Turbocharger

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

Unit 5: Combustion of Fuels in IC Engines

Definitions, Explanations and Short notes – refer to Learn more and multimedia
Use diagrams with labels to support your answers

Unit No. 5.1 – Grades of Fuel Oil

1. What are the various impurities generally found in Heavy oil used in large 2 stroke marine
diesel engine.

2. Name three grades of fuel oil generally used onboard ships and specify the place of use.

3. What should be the basic properties of fuel suitable for combustion in Diesel Engine?

Unit No. 5.2 – Fuel Oil System

1. Explain the treatment of HFO (starting from DB tank) for burning in the engine

Unit No. 5.3 – Combustion Phases

1. Prepare a list of factors that influence combustion in diesel engine

2. Explain the terms atomization, penetration and turbulence and their effects on combustion.
3. What is flash point . ignition point
4. Justify, Satisfactory atomization of fuel requires adequate heating of the oil (residual fuel)
5. Explain Ignition Delay and After Burning of Fuel.
6. Draw a combustion characteristic curve of a slow speed diesel engine and explain the
curve.

Unit No. 5.4 – Fuel Injector

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

1. Sketch and illustrate a fuel injector for a diesel engine in respect of its working principle,
needle valve lift, pressure adjustment and venting arrangement.

Unit 6: Compression Pressure ratio and its effects on Engines

Definitions, Explanations and Short notes – refer to Learn more and multimedia
Use diagrams with labels to support your answers

Unit No. 6.1 – Compression pressure and peek pressure

1. Explain salient features of different methods by which NOx emission from Marine Diesel
Engines can be reduced.

2. With a schematic lay out explain SCR system for a slow speed Marine Diesel Engine

3. Explain : Charge air Humidifier / NOx Technical Code / Intelligent Engine

Unit No. 6.2 – Design aspects of combustion chamber

1. Why condition monitoring systems are used widely now a day for main
machinery on board?

2. Discuss how Condition Monitoring technique being used on board

Unit No. 6.3 – Control of NOX, SOX in Exhaust emissions.

1. What are the various methods used for control of NOx in diesel engine

2. Justify Nox emission is effectively controlled in all modern engines.

3. Explain the control of NOX, SOX in Exhaust Emission

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

Unit 7: Cooling of IC Engines

Definitions, Explanations and Short notes – refer to Learn more and multimedia
Use diagrams with labels to support your answers

Unit No. 7.1 – Thermal stress

1. How insulating layer protects metal surfaces from combustion heat?
2. What is thermal stress and where it can occur in diesel engine and how it is reduced by bore
cooling?

Unit No. 7.2 –Cooling Systems

1. With the help of simple line sketch explain three methods of cooling trunk type pistons
2. How M.E piston for a cross head engine is cooled? Explain with a diagram.
3. Explain with a diagram how piston cooled lube oil temperature is controlled by controller?
4. Sketch a simple line diagram for a main engine Jacket cooling water system with auto
temperature control. Explain the maintenance require for a cooling unit.
5. Justify the cooling medium you could use for cooling of 2 stroke crosshead type diesel
engine Cylinder Jacket & Piston
6. Justify Treated fresh water is being used to cool the liner, cylinder head etc though the
engine works on heat cycle.

Unit No. 7.3 –Heat Exchangers

1. What are the different types of heat exchangers used for marine machineries? Show the
heat exchanger location in Main engine jacket cooling fresh water system along with the
temperature terminal points. What are the materials used for construction of the heat
exchangers.
2. How cooler tubes expansion is taken care?

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

Unit 8: Safety and Prevention of mishaps in IC Engines

Definitions, Explanations and Short notes – refer to Learn more and multimedia
Use diagrams with labels to support your answers

Unit No. 8.1 – Crankcase Explosions

1. Explain briefly how the severity of crankcase explosion in diesel engine is reduced
2. Justify I/C engine crank case must have relief door after a certain size of engine.
3. Explain the differences between comparator type and level type oily mist detector and their
application.
4. How does crank case explosion occur in a four stroke engines crank case?
Unit No. 8.2 – Scavenge Fires
1. How are scavenge fires caused in two-stroke diesel engines?
2. How are such fires detected and what procedures should be carried out after detection?
3. Describe the precautions that should be taken before bringing the engine back to full power.
4. What safety devices may be fitted to scavenge trunks?
5. Explain the possible consequences of operating a main engine with excessive wear of piston
rings and liner.
Unit No. 8.3 – Uptake Fire (Exhaust Gas Economizer Fires)
1. Explain the causes of Uptake fires and the measures to occur the same.
2. What action to be taken in case soot fire

Unit No. 8.4 – Starting airline explosion

1. Air distributor is essentially required to start I.C engine with compressed air.
2. Explain the process of starting airline explosion
3. What are the indications prior to the explosion?
4. How such explosion is prevented
5. How air starting line is protected from damage due to explosion (safety features).
6. How will you detect leakage in cylinder air starting valve?

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Learning Guide
B.Tech./UG/ME/BS/T/1503 – Marine Internal Combustion Engine- I

For use with ‘Learn More’ & ‘Interactive Exercises’ during Active Learning (supervised self-study)

Unit 9: Special features of IC Engines

Definitions, Explanations and Short notes – refer to Learn more and multimedia
Use diagrams with labels to support your answers

Unit No. 9.1 – Development of long stroke engines

1. Elaborate the steps taken by designers during the last 40 years to improve the fuel
efficiency of Marine diesel engines and reduction of environmental pollution

2. Write the advantages of long stroke engine

3. Explain the concept of Electronically controlled Engines

Unit No. 9.2 – Stroke bore ratio

1. Explain the role of stroke bore ratio in the selection of Engines and its
Performance

Unit No. 9.3 – Development in materials of ME Components.

1. Briefly explain heat treatment methods used for a crankshaft.

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