Seventh Edition - March 2019: Written by Daniel Marie

STUDENT HANDBOOK
Seventh Edition - March 2019

Written by Daniel Marie
 Copyright 1984
Australian Hapkido Association Student Handbook
www.hapkidoaustralia.com
Founder – Grandmaster Matthew Sung Su Kim

Contents
Introduction to Hapkido.................................... 1
What is Hapkido?............................................................... 1
Elements of Hapkido.......................................................... 1
Choosing a martial art ....................................... 2

Comparison of Hapkido to other martial arts .... 2
Hapkido compared to Aikido ............................................. 3
Hapkido compared to Jujitsu ............................................. 3
Hapkido compared to Mixed Martial Arts......................... 4
Hapkido compared to Brazilian Ju Jitsu (BJJ) ..................... 4
Hapkido compared to Taekwondo .................................... 5
Hapkido compared to Kung Fu .......................................... 5
Hapkido compared to Judo ............................................... 6
Hapkido compared to Kendo (Komdo) .............................. 6
What does “Hapkido” mean? ............................ 6

Philosophy of Hapkido ...................................... 7
Principle of Harmony ......................................................... 8
Principle of Circular Movement......................................... 8
Principle of Water Flow ..................................................... 9
Techniques of Hapkido ................................... 10

Goals of Hapkido training................................ 11
Training Attitude ............................................ 14
Membership Oath .......................................... 16
Danjun Exercises ............................................. 16
Method of Danjun – some suggestions ............ 17
Elements of Risk ............................................. 18
Etiquette ........................................................ 18
Explanation of Belt Rankings ........................... 20
Version 7  Copyright 1984

Student Handbook Australian Hapkido Association
Glossary of Korean Terms ............................... 22

Counting .......................................................................... 22
Titles ................................................................................ 22
Rank ................................................................................. 22
Commands ....................................................................... 22
Weapons .......................................................................... 23
Miscellaneous .................................................................. 23
Hangul .............................................................................. 23
Korean Names ................................................................. 23
Summary of what you will learn...................... 24

History of Hapkido .......................................... 32
Introduction ..................................................................... 32
Korea and the Hwarang ................................................... 32
After World War II ........................................................... 33
Founders of modern Hapkido .......................... 34

Choi Yong Sul ................................................................... 34
Suh Bok Sub ..................................................................... 36
Jang In Mok ...................................................................... 37
Ji Han Jae ......................................................................... 38
Kim Moo Hong ................................................................. 39
Myung Jae Nam ............................................................... 40
Lim, Hyun Soo .................................................................. 40
Hapkiyusul – Dojunim Kim Yun Sang ............................... 41
Yun Sae Gwan .................................................................. 42
History of Hapkido in Australia ....................... 42

Grandmaster Matthew Kim Sung Su ............................... 42
Master Lee Jeong Seo ...................................................... 44
Master Kang Jun – Gongkwon Yusul ............................... 45
Connections to Korea...................................... 45
 Copyright 1984 Version 7

Introduction to Hapkido
What is Hapkido?
Hapkido is a martial art that is fun and challenging
and can be studied by all ages. Hapkido will teach
how to defend yourself and will improve your
strength, fitness, flexibility and your mind. Hapkido
is a Korean martial art that combines kicking,
punching, joint locks, throws and weapons.
Hapkido covers a wide range of realistic situations
and attacks. You will learn how to prevent your
attacker from hurting you, you will learn to take
advantage of you attacker’s weak points and you
will learn how to take control of the situation.
Once you learn Hapkido you will be able to defend
yourself in almost any situation. Hapkido will help
you develop strength, flexibility, will power, self-
discipline and confidence that will greatly enhance
the quality of your life.
Hapkido is a martial art, not a sport. The aim of
Hapkido is mastery of yourself, not others.
Elements of Hapkido
• self discipline and self confidence
• respect for yourself and for others
• realistic defense against any attack
• powerful punches and kicks
• effective break-falling
• dynamic throws and takedowns
• grappling and groundwork
• circular and linear techniques
• painful joint-locks & pressure point attacks
• stick, pole, sword, walking cane, belt
• stress relief and meditation
• traditional Korean martial arts philosophy
• friendly - be part of the Hapkido family
Version 7  Copyright 1984 1

Choosing a martial art

So many martial arts are available these days and it
can be very confusing and difficult to compare what
is being offered to decide which martial art is best
for you.
If you are considering starting a martial art we
suggest you sample several different styles before
you commit to one. The most important criteria to
consider when choosing a martial art are:
• Convenience – if it is hard to get to classes you
will find it hard to continue in your training.
• Friendships – you may join because of a
particular style or a particular instructor – but
most students continue training because of the
friends they make in the club.
• Quality and Expertise – you want to learn
quality techniques that are effective in the real
world.
• Affordability – if the costs are too high then
you will not be able to sustain your
involvement, learning a martial art takes years,
not months.
• Think carefully, look around, then once you
make a choice, commit fully.
Comparison of Hapkido to other martial arts

The following comparison will help you understand
what is different about Hapkido when compared to
other martial arts.
This comparison is not saying that Hapkido is better
than other martial arts. We just want to make sure
you understand what our Hapkido is about.
2  Copyright 1984 Version 7

Hapkido compared to Aikido

As in Aikido, we practice receiving an attack with
minimal resistance, guiding it past the target and
then adding our own force to unbalance and throw
the opponent.
Breathing, balance, calmness of mind, circular
motion and posture are key skills that are learnt in
this practice.
However, opponents do not always attack with
large over-committed movements.
Often short jabs and kicks are delivered with such
rapidity that it is very difficult to lead the
opponent's force. In these situations, the close
quarter blocking and striking techniques of Hapkido
will give you the knowledge and skills you need to
defend yourself against realistic punch and kick
attacks.
Hapkido compared to Jujitsu

Many of the joint-locks and throws of Hapkido are
similar to those of traditional Jujitsu.
Painful twisting of the joints and tendons along with
the application of painful pressure to vital points,
combined with a thorough knowledge of the human
anatomy can help to control an opponent
regardless of size or strength.
Some traditional Jujitsu players do not practice their
techniques against proficient kickers and punchers,
and may be vulnerable to such longer range attacks.
A skilled striker may not allow you to get in close.
With Hapkido you will practice kicks and punches to
a high degree of proficiency and will become
familiar with defending against a skilled attacker
that wants to punch or kick you.

Hapkido compared to Mixed Martial Arts

MMA has enjoyed a huge boom in recent years with
the popularity of UFC (cage fighting) events on
television. It is mostly popular with younger
students who want to experience full contact and
enjoy the competitive aspects of this sport.
Hapkido does include sparring in most classes,
however Hapkido sparring does not normally
involve full contact without protective equipment
and even though we do have tournaments, these
do not normally involve full contact.
Hapkido sparring focuses on correct timing and
distance and encourages a co-operative approach
where you and your sparring partner can both
improve your skills in a live situation without fear of
being seriously injured.
Care and respect for your training partner is of
utmost importance in Hapkido and safety is an
important part of all classes to ensure you can
continue to study and train in Hapkido for a long
time with a minimum of injuries and pain.
Hapkido compared to Brazilian Ju Jitsu (BJJ)

Brazilian Ju Jitsu is a form of grappling started by
the Gracie and Machado families in Brazil and
focuses on grappling on the ground against a single
opponent. Their techniques are learnt and refined
through countless hours of “rolling” on the mat.
Hapkido does include groundwork learnt through
the practice of groundwork drills to strengthen your
body and practice specific groundwork skills. Free
sparring is allowed to continue if it goes to the
ground. However, groundwork is not a major part
of our classes.
Due to the practical disadvantages of being on the
ground when facing multiple attackers, Hapkido
students focus on learning how to escape from a
grappling situation as quickly as possible using any
technique (including eye attacks, hair pulling, finger
locks, etc) to try and return to a standup situation
where other strategies like running away are
possible.

Hapkido compared to Taekwondo

Many of the kicking techniques from Taekwondo
are similar to those of Hapkido. Spinning kicks,
thrusts, circular kicks and sweeps are all used in
sparring.
Due to the fact that Hapkido is not a tournament-
focused style, other techniques like low spinning
kicks, low-section kicks, leg kicks and knee strikes
are also used.
The basic hand techniques of Hapkido are similar to
those of Taekwondo, that is, mainly linear attacks
with the fist or knifehand.
In a confined space such as a crowded public bar or
a narrow hallway, kicks are limited in their
practicality.
Self-defense tools such as elbows, knees, palms,
head butts and attacks to vital points are essential
for survival in such situations.
All of these techniques are learnt and practiced in
Hapkido to produce a thorough knowledge of all
ranges of attack and defense.
Hapkido also allows legs to be grabbed and allows
punches to the head – so the range of options in
sparring is greater than in the sport version of
Taekwondo.
Hapkido compared to Kung Fu

Kung Fu is a generic name for a wide variety of
Chinese martial arts, so a comparison is difficult as
there so many different varieties of Chinese martial
arts. In Hapkido, as the student advances past the
basic hand techniques, more emphasis is placed on
small circular techniques and fast close-quarter
parrying which resemble the techniques of Kung Fu.
Advanced weaponry techniques using the long pole
and the fan are similar to those of Kung Fu.

Hapkido compared to Judo

Throwing plays an important role in Hapkido. The
basic principles of Judo are used in Hapkido, that is,
moving your opponent's centre of balance to a
vulnerable position and using your leg or body to
topple the opponent.
As well, Hapkido uses strikes and pressure points
that would not be legal in the sport of Judo.
Hapkido compared to Kendo (Komdo)

Kendo is a Japanese sword sport where
practitioners wear armour and use bamboo swords
to strike each other. It is a competitive sport
practiced around the world. In Korea, it is called
Komdo.
Hapkido students are taught basic Komdo. Basic
strikes and blocks are similar to Kendo, however
circular and low-section attacks typical of traditional
Korean swordsmanship are also taught once the
basics have been learnt.
Basic sword patterns are taught at an advanced
level to teach respect for bladed weapons and to
understand the concentration and focus required
when facing an opponent with a 1 metre razor
blade.
What does “Hapkido” mean?

In Korean:
• “Hap” means to co-ordinate, combine or blend
in with
• “Ki” means energy, power or life force and
• “Do” means the way, method or path
depending on the context.
Hapkido is often loosely translated as the “art of co-
ordinated power”.

Philosophy of Hapkido
An underlying philosophy of Hapkido is represented
by the symbol of Um and Yang (pronounced Yin and
Yang in Chinese).
The outer circle represents the entire universe. Um
and Yang represent opposites in the universe that
together form a balanced whole.
For example, negative and positive, good and evil,
night and day, female and male, weak and strong,
passive and active, etc..
The smaller circle inside signifies that the universe
cannot be precisely divided, and all opposites
contain elements of each other.
Notice also how smoothly the two opposites flow
into each other. In this way, your defense should
flow smoothly, countering hard with soft.
When your opponent pushes, don't push back,
instead pull, thus achieving harmony with your
opponent's force.
This attitude should be carried through to every
facet of your life in an attempt to achieve harmony
with the world around you.
Hapkido is the art of conquering your opponent
through the combined use of your mind and body.
There are three basic principles underlying the
techniques of Hapkido:
1. Principle of harmony
2. Principle of circular movement
3. Principle of water flow
A Hapkido technique should combine all three of
these principles, it is in this manner that Hapkido is
co-ordinated.
These basic principles are beyond the realm of a
complete description with words.
You will come to understand them and perceive
their meaning through the continued study of
Hapkido.

Principle of Harmony
This is the principle where you harmonise with the
opponent's intention, thereby leading them to
defeat. It is where one unites with the body and
mind of the opponent.
In order to create harmony, your own mind must be
clear and calm and hold no fear or confusion.
When your opponent pulls, do not resist, rather
utilise their force to defeat them. When your
opponent pushes, pull, again utilising their own
force. This is the beginning of the creation of
harmony.
Your opponent will find it difficult to harm you
when you completely agree with their motion.
The ultimate goal of Hapkido is not to kill, but
rather to conquer your opponent's intention
through harmony.
You can achieve harmony only when your own mind
controls every aspect of your body.
The secret of harmony lies in the unity of the mind,
body and technique, the mind being the most
important of the three.
Principle of Circular Movement

This is the principle where you lead the opponent's
force into a circle.
Never receive your opponent's force directly. If you
meet the opponent's force head-on, you will need
more force to contain it.
However, if you lead your opponent's force into a
circle to the left or to the right, (where they have
less strength) you will need only a little force to
disrupt the attack and the opponent's balance.
Also, circular techniques make it easy to gather
momentum for executing techniques in a smooth,
natural and free-flowing manner.
One can very easily go from one circular movement
to another thus redirecting your force or your
opponent's force.

Principle of Water Flow

The water principle deals with the utilisation of
strength and application or focus of energy.
Hapkido considers that a person's energy flows like
water, that it can be concentrated in one point of
the body.
For instance, if you concentrate all your strength
into your arm, the power flows towards your
fingertips and the entire arm is like a hose with a
tremendous flow of water through it.
This can be compared to the flow of water in a
river. When the water runs into an open lake its
strength is dissipated. When it divides or branches
out, the original force is weakened in each branch.
The strength of the river is at its peak when the
river is running through a narrow gorge.
Therefore, if you divide your strength between both
arms then the strength of each individual arm is
weakened. By concentrating on one arm only, your
strength is maximised.
This principle is seen with a man cutting timber in a
mountain forest. He begins by delivering his
strength to the handle of the axe. Then all his
strength flows to the tip of the blade the instance it
strikes the wood.
As the flowing stream penetrated and surrounds its
obstacles, so you should flow in and through the
opponent. As the dripping water eventually
penetrates even the hardest rock, so does
continuous practice eventually lead the student to
perfection and harmony of mind and body.
Nothing is more yielding then water, and yet
nothing can withstand its power. Thus, when you
are attacked in a hard manner, yield and flow with
your opponent's force and then return their own
force with your own force added to it.
The result is a concentrated flow of energy capable
of achieving tremendous power.
Hapkido should flow – it should never stop or give
the opponent a chance to regain their balance.

Techniques of Hapkido
Hapkido is practiced by students of all backgrounds,
ages and physiques, male and female.
Hapkido can be applied from any position: standing, The core techniques learnt in the
sitting or lying, and from any direction. AHA are:
Hapkido employs the philosophy of using minimal C1 Wing Lock

force to overcome a stronger opponent. Therefore, C2 Elbow Roll
great strength is not needed to apply the
techniques effectively. In addition, Hapkido uses C3 Z-lock
pressure points to assist in controlling or limiting C4 Face Push
the opponent’s movement.
C5 Corkscrew Lock
Hapkido has a powerful arsenal of spinning kicks,
C6 Fan Lock
thrusts and sweeps combined with hard and soft
fist attacks and defenses. As well as the use of kicks C7 Hammer Lock
and punches, Hapkido also uses nerve and pressure C8 Arm Bar
point attacks, wrist and joint locks, and many
twisting and throwing techniques. C9 Wrist & Shoulder Throw
The popularity of Hapkido is largely due to the fact C10 Leg Reap
that anyone, young or old, male or female, can C11 Hip Throw
practice this complete art of self-defence regardless
C12 Step Behind & Throw
of physical weight or strength. Health is improved
through systematic training and exercise. C13 Whip Throw
In Hapkido, linear techniques form a solid base C14 Tornado Throw
upon which the skill of circular techniques can be C15 Neck & Chin Throw.
developed. Everything is taught in correct order to
produce a balanced martial artist able to handle any
situation.
Our Hapkido syllabus teaches 15 core self defence
techniques. These techniques form the core of our
syllabus; most variations originate from one of
these core techniques. All the basic principles and
concept of Hapkido are learnt through these core
techniques.
These 15 core techniques are taught in a specific
order so that the student has the skill to do the
technique and to receive the technique (i.e. fall
safely).

These core techniques are taught in the following 6

stages, each more challenging:
• Mechanics - leverage, body weight, circle,
torque, centre of rotation, centre of gravity,
balance, sources of power.
• Footwork – added to off-balance attacker, to
nullify their attacking opportunities, to be in a
stronger position.
• Flowing - not stopping, non-resistance, blending
with opponent’s effort, using their momentum,
creating momentum if required.
• Meeting resistance from the attacker - what to
do if they do not co-operate, what if they are
taller, shorter, use of pressure points to assist.
• Finishing – options for finishing the technique –
lock them up, strike a weak point and run.
• Different situations – 2 hands, grabbing clothes,
from behind, against a strike, etc
By progressing through these 6 stages of learning
each technique the student can then execute that
technique effectively with a high level of
understanding and will be able to adapt the
technique to most situations.
We teach our core techniques through all these
stages because we want students to know how to
make each technique work effectively in a realistic
situation before they move onto the next
technique. We emphasise quality rather than
quantity.
Goals of Hapkido training

People undertake martial arts for many reasons.
Students often discover along the way that their
expectations are quite different to reality. Some do
it as a hobby, something to keep them healthy.
Some do it to learn how to defend themselves.
Others learn a martial art in the hope that by having
physical supremacy over others they will be able to
control their own interests. Fortunately, the last
type don't tend to last very long.

They quickly discover that if all they want is to

overpower others, then a gun or a bar of iron will
do the job very easily without having to expend
years of training and sacrifice.
The goals of Hapkido go far beyond merely learning
to fight and win.
This does not mean that the practical aspects of
Hapkido should be completely ignored. Always
question the suitability of a technique to your size
and abilities. Know the weaknesses and strengths of
every technique that you learn so that if required
you can utilise your knowledge of Hapkido to the
fullest.
The first stages of Hapkido involve trying to achieve
a flexible body and a flexible mind. The flexible
body is important so that you can perform the
complex movements of Hapkido. A flexible mind is
required so that you can learn the complex theories
of Hapkido. A cluttered mind can never hope to see
the truth through the cluttered opinions that are
already set into the mind.
Hapkido can be likened to car racing. The mind is
the driver and the body is the engine. Until the
driver becomes experienced and learns to control
the car, it will never perform to its maximum
potential. When the inexperienced driver tries to
drive too fast, accidents happen, no matter how
good the engine is. When the engine is not in tune,
the car cannot perform, no matter how good the
driver is.
Which is the best solution, a good driver or a good
engine? Surely it is better to have a good driver and
a good car.
This is the goal of Hapkido, to achieve a perfect
balance between mind and body. This will help you
with everything you do in life, not just Hapkido.

Consider the following story:

One day two men met in the middle of a
narrow bridge while crossing a stream.
One was very young, the other was very
old. One or the other would have to yield
to let the other pass, but neither of the
men would let the other pass.
The young man said to the old man,
"Can't you see by my appearance that I
am a warrior?" The old man, not afraid,
replied, "I was a warrior when I was
young too."
The young man, to show his power, let
out a yell that shook the mountains. A
bird that was flying overhead fell down
to the ground and died.
The old man calmly pointed to the bird
and seemed to meditate for a short
while. The bird suddenly stood up and
flew away.
When the young man saw this, he
reflected on his conduct and recognised
the true power of this old man. He
stepped back and let the old man cross
the river.
This story illustrates that it is not the level of your
Hapkido skills that matters but rather what you do
with them that is most important.
Through perseverance, patience and determination
along with the correct attitude and etiquette, you
can achieve self-control and self-discipline. This will
help you to remain calm in all situations. It is very
important to remain calm even when your life is
under threat. In this way you can react correctly to
the situation.

Training Attitude
Training in Hapkido is much like walking along a
road. If you are completely on one side of the road,
then you are safe. If you are completely on the
other side of the road then you are also safe.
However, if you dash from side to side, then sooner
or later you will be run over.
The meaning behind this story is that you should
either do Hapkido completely and correctly or don't
bother doing Hapkido at all. If you train half-
heartedly then one day you may cause injury not
only to yourself but also to others through a lack of
concentration.
There is no way that a student of Hapkido can just
attend a couple of lessons per week, with no extra
personal training, and hope to improve at a
reasonable rate. Hapkido should not be in your
mind for only those few hours during actual classes.
Whenever you have a free moment, practice some
movements you may have had difficulty with in the
last lesson, even if only in your mind. Imagine
situations and consider possible lines of response.
For example, what if someone were right behind
you right now?
Try to prepare yourself mentally for that moment
when you may have to save your life or that of
someone else.
A flexible body cannot be achieved by only doing
the stretches in the class. If you want to attain the
degree of flexibility required to use your kicks
effectively, then you must STRETCH EVERYDAY.
Just 10-20 minutes in the morning and the same
again at night are all that are required to convince
your muscles that they had better stretch because
you are going to be doing a lot of this from now on.
During training, it is important to concentrate
totally on the techniques you are performing.
However the life that most of us lead, is full of
stress and anxiety. These elements have no place in
your Hapkido training. Thus an important part of
Hapkido is the meditation before the class.

The purpose of this meditation is to rid the mind of

stress and unclear thoughts. The following story
may help to illustrate this point.
A student was having a cup of tea with
his master. The master had poured his
own cup and proceeded to pour the
student's cup. When the cup was full,
the master continued until the cup
overflowed.
The student questioned this action and
the master replied "A full cup has little
use to its owner as it cannot contain
anymore. Only an empty cup can be
filled"
Thus only a mind that is humble and
void of the owner's opinions and
preconceived ideas, can absorb totally
and learn effectively. The following story
is a useful for consideration when you
are meditating.
The mind is like a pool of water. When
the pool is turbulent, the reflection is
distorted and unclear. When the pool is
calm, the reflection is clear and pristine.
When you are sparring and you become angry or
annoyed, then you are not able to make clear and
rational decisions and you will make many errors.
However when the mind is calm then you can judge
events more clearly and thus make the correct
decisions. Even though your body is moving, your
mind should be still and calm.
The quality of your life has great effect on the
quality of your training. Your diet should be good
and your conscience should be clear.
Hapkido is a lifetime journey that has many rewards
beyond the superficial benefits of good health and a
means of self defence. The principles and
philosophy of Hapkido can benefit all aspects of
your life.
Learning and improvement continues throughout
our entire life and the ultimate reward of Hapkido is
not to be able to master others but to be able to
master yourself.

Membership Oath
• I shall train for a peaceful world.
• I shall train for the good of society.
• I shall be truthful, respectful, courageous and a
best member of the society.
• I shall follow the best way of life.
• I shall never misuse Hapkido in any
circumstances.
Danjun Exercises
Danjun is a Korean term which refers to a portion of
the abdomen about 3 cm below the navel and
about 10 cm in (it is not on the surface).
Danjun exercises are part of every Hapkido class
and are normally part of the warmup.
Their purpose is to awaken your awareness of your
breath, center of balance and mind in preparation
for your class.
The feeling of control over your core, your breath
and your increased mental focus should continue
throughout the rest of the class.
In Korean, and many other Asian and Indian martial
arts, Danjun is seen as the source of human
strength and vitality.
Even if Westerners do not share the same set of
beliefs about the human body, the visualization of
energy flow originating from your Danjun and the
use of breath when you exert your strength can
greatly improve the effectiveness of your Hapkido
techniques.
Regular practice of Danjun is an essential part of
Hapkido.
Danjun exercises also enhance mental
concentration, improve balance and tone the
internal organs making them resistant to disease. If
done regularly, they can also enhance the
circulation, metabolism, health and strength.

Method of Danjun – some suggestions

Each of you will develop your own personal way of
doing Danjun, here are some general suggestions to
help you find your method:
• Stand in a horse-riding stance – not too wide,
toes pointed straight ahead, maintaining perfect
balance.
• Breathe in deeply through your nose, imagine
the air flowing into your Danjun and feeding your
Danjun and creating energy, just like when you
blow into a fire and the embers go brighter and
generate more heat.
• As you push your breath downwards, tense your
Danjun, place the tip of your tongue on the roof
of your mouth, keep your lips slightly apart to let
the air flow past your tongue.
• Tilt your hips upwards at the front and keep your
throat open (do not close off your breath).
• As you slowly breathe out through your mouth,
visualise your Ki flowing upwards along the front
of your body and through your arms and hands
and to the tips of your fingers and then outwards
to the edge of the universe.
• Open your hands wide throughout the entire
movement with the fingers spread apart as far as
possible.
• Don't tense your chest, arms, or face. You should
appear calm with only your hands and Danjun
under tension.
• Upon completion of the movement, release the
remainder of your breath as you return to the
starting position.
• Breathe in to start the next cycle of movement.
It is very important to visualise your Ki flowing
through your body. These exercises are used to
awaken your Danjun. Therefore, it is very important
that they be done with full concentration to enable
you to apply your Ki during the class.

Elements of Risk
Martial arts can be a safe, rewarding, and physically
beneficial practice. There is no reason to suffer
debilitating injuries to enjoy its benefits or acquire
its skills. However, you should be comfortable
accepting the element of risk associated with your
practice of Hapkido.
Your age, health, conditioning, and athleticism all
influence the level of risk. If in doubt, speak to your
instructor and obtain medical advice.
Be aware of limitations or existing physical
conditions that may affect training. Advise your
instructor, and never do anything in which you do
not feel comfortable or safe.
Remember, you are the best judge of your own
limits, and the one who must live with the
consequence of your actions.
Etiquette
Etiquette is a very important part of Hapkido. The
respect shown for each other, to your instructor, to
your Dojang and to the art of Hapkido itself is what
distinguishes a martial ART from a martial SPORT.
It is important to respect your fellow students and
your instructor. Other students are not in the class
for your own personal target practice. They have
the same personal aspirations and hopes as you do.
They partake in the same art of self-defence and
thus a certain comradery is developed.
Instructors are not superhuman. They have gone
through many years of hard work and effort. Thus,
respect should be shown to your instructor in
recognition of their rank and skill.
Your Dojang is a place where many people have
trained, it represents the tradition and continuity of
the practice of Hapkido.
Once you enter the Dojang, problems of work,
schools, differences of race, religion or anything
that could interfere with your training should be left
outside. This is how you show respect to your
Dojang.

Humility is also a very important part of learning

Hapkido. This does not mean that you should grovel
to your instructor. It just means that when you are
humble, your mind is not full of your own opinions
and thus is flexible enough to accept the lessons of
Hapkido.
The following are not rules, they are merely
suggested and traditionally accepted ways of
showing respect.
• Bow to your Dojang before entering and when
leaving.
• Bow to the flags before and after the class.
• Bow to your instructor before and after class.
• Bow to your partner before and after training
together.
• Bow to your partner before and after sparring. If
a clean point is scored during sparring, pay
respect to your partner by bowing in recognition
and resume sparring.
• Don't lie down or slouch around the floor of the
Dojang. It is a place of discipline, not your
lounge-room floor.
• Always wear your uniform fully. Don't train or
walk around the Dojang with only half of your
uniform on.
• Don't wear shoes in the Dojang and ensure that
visitors don't either.
• No smoking, drinking or eating in the Dojang.
• Ensure that your uniform is always clean and
tidy.
• Ensure your nails and toenails are trimmed and
any jewellery that could injure your partner have
been taped up or removed.
It is also expected that the sense of respect that you
develop and exhibit in Hapkido does not stop once
you leave the Dojang.

Explanation of Belt Rankings

Oriental martial arts philosophy tends to encourage
patience and tenacity. Achievement is generally a
personal matter and a student's skill is not
measured in relation to the skills of other students.
Western people however, like to be measured and
label people's abilities. Thus was devised the
coloured belt scheme of ranking. This helps the
student to realise their short-term goals and gauge
their progress.
Organisation of the instruction into small bite size
chunks is a useful bi-product of the coloured belt
ranking system.
However, the long-term goals of Hapkido should
always take precedence over the relatively simple
requirements of your next belt.
One common story says that originally, belts were
used to hold the student's uniform together. When
the student started training in Hapkido, the belt was
white. As the student trained the belt became
dirtier until eventually after many years, it was
black.
Thus the black belt became a symbol of skill and
many years of practice. We are not really sure
whether this is entirely true as there is no reason
why students would not have washed their belts
along with their uniforms, so this may be a story
that “developed” over time.
In Hapkido, 10th Kup to 1st Kup (white belt to black-
tip) or Coloured Belts are a stage of development
where the tools of Hapkido are gathered. Once you
have your black belt, the voyage has just begun,
because you must now learn how and when to
apply these tools.
Usually, 1st to 4th Degree is graded on physical
ability. However, for 5th Degree and beyond,
physical strength and endurance are not as
important as knowledge, timing, distance and flow.
Progress through these senior ranks is also based on
contributions to development of the art of Hapkido
and the growth of our Australian Hapkido
Association.

In the Australian Hapkido Association, Grandmaster

Matthew Sung Su Kim is currently 8th Degree.
There are many highly ranked masters in the
Australian Hapkido Association and most of these
masters have trained together for over 30 years.
The Australian Hapkido Association is a family of
Hapkido students who can trace the majority of
their Hapkido training back to Grandmaster
Mathew Sung Su Kim or one of his students and we
also have strong connections with many Hapkido
masters in South Korea and throughout the world.
10th Degree is usually awarded to someone who
has played a founding role in their style of Hapkido.
In our line of Hapkido the 10th Degrees include:
• Dojunim Choi Yong Sul – Founder of Hapkido.
• Dojunim Ji Han Jae – Sinmoo Hapkido – currently
resides in USA.
• Dojunim Kim Yun Sang – leader of Hapkiyusul in
South Korea.
• Kim Byung Chun – Korea Hapkido Federation
(now president of World Yongmoodo
Associations).

Glossary of Korean Terms
Counting
1 hana first il
2 tul second ee
3 set third sahm
4 net fourth sah
5 tasot fifth ok
6 yossot sixth ryook
7 ilgup seventh chil
8 yodool eighth pal
9 ahop ninth koo
10 yool tenth ship
Titles
dojunim founder
chongkwan jang nim grandmaster
kwan jang nim 5th degree to 7th degree
chung sah nim chief instructor
sah bum nim instructor
hak saeng student
Rank
kagup rank
kup colour belt grade
dan black belt grade or degree
Commands
charyot attention
joonbi ready position
bahro return to starting position
koman stop (also "mum cho")
kyungnet bow
shijak begin
sho relax

Weapons
danbon short stick
jangbon pole
jukto bamboo sword
mokkom wooden sword
kom sword
jipangyi walking cane
buchae fan
Miscellaneous
dojang place where one trains
dobok uniform
hosinsul self-defense
kihap yell
ki life-energy
danjun the center of your "ki"
Hangul
The Korean language is classified as a Ural-
Altaic language, a group which also includes
Mongolian, Hungarian, and Finnish. The
Korean character system, "hangul", is
completely different from and independent of
Chinese and Japanese. 'Hangul' was
developed by a group of scholars under the
patronage of King Sejong in 1443. It is
composed of 10 vowels and 14 consonants,
which are used to form numerous syllabic
groupings.
Korean Names
In Korea, most names have three parts, one family name, and a first name with two parts.
For example, with Kim Jung Wu. His family name is Kim (Mr Kim as we know it).
In Korea, the family comes first, then the first names – opposite to western names. In this
example, the first name is Jung Wu – always spoken together.
Some Koreans also have a Christian name – often chosen from the bible. In this case this
person also has an English first name of John. So his name could be referred to as: Mr Kim,
John Kim, Kim Jung Wu.

Summary of what you will learn

The following is a summary of the syllabus of the
Australian Hapkido Association. The grades progress
from white belt (most junior) to black belt. If a
student trains 2 to 3 times per week it should take
around 4 to 5 years to obtain their black belt. Of
course some students take more time. It is not a
race, each student can progress at a rate they find
comfortable.
In the lower grades the student will normally spend
about 3 to 6 months between gradings. At senior
levels the student may spend years between
gradings.
Each student is on their own journey and measuring
your progress by the passage of time is not
recommended. Consider rather how much you have
improved since your last grading, how much sincere
effort you have applied to your training and if you
understand the techniques you have been shown.
It is useless to collect techniques that you do not
understand how and when to use. It is better to
have few techniques that you can use effectively
than many techniques, none of which you can do
well.
The student progresses from one grade to the next
by passing a grading where senior black belts put
the students through a series of assessments
against the syllabus to determine if the student has
properly learnt to apply the knowledge of their
current grade.
The following is a summary of the AHA syllabus. The
full syllabus can be downloaded from the AHA Web
Site under Syllabus or viewed on-line within the
web site.

White Belt – 10th kup

• Etiquette, respect and discipline – an essential
part of training in any good martial art.
• Basic footwork – this is the foundation of
Hapkido and will help you move fluidly and
correctly.
• Releases – how to escape from grabs.
• Defenses from hand grabs and choking
• Basic kicks aimed at the shins, groin, knees and
midsection.
• Basic Falling – rolling forwards and backwards –
learning how to fall with hurting yourself.
• Blocks, punches, kicks – mostly linear simple
techniques that are easy to apply and effective.
• Multiple Grabbing – defending yourself
spontaneously from any direction.
• Circle Principle – using large and small circles to
affect your attacker and learning to generate
power with your body
• Basic pressure points and weak points – can be
used to make your techniques more effective
Yellow Tip – 9th kup

• Low kicks to the knee and shins, and sliding kick
to bridge the gap
• Basic defence against unexpected realistic
punches
• Using a rolled up magazine as a weapon
• Falling - front fall and side fall
• Hand Techniques: Jab/cross, deflection, hook
punch, knifehand block, side guarding block
• Self Defence Drill 1 – Releases and Strikes
• Key Principles and Skills - blending with
opponent’s movement, non-resistance, using
footwork

Yellow Belt – 8th kup

• Hand Techniques - knifehand strike - inward &
downward, spinning knifehand strike
• Kicks - turning side, turning back, crescent, front
& turning, front foot side then turning side,
turning side then turning back.
• Falling - Cat roll into side fall
• Core Self Defence Techniques - C1 Wing Lock, C2
Elbow Roll, C3 Z-lock
• Pattern 4 – Four Directional Deflection &
Counter
• Key Principles and Skills – leverage, keeping
technique close to your centre.
Green Tip – 7th kup

• Hand Techniques - rolling blocks, backfist, elbow,
palm heel, reverse knifehand.
• Kicking Techniques - front foot side, front foot
turning, front hook, sliding hook, spinning
crescent, jumping front.
• Falling - Long cat roll, High cat roll, Cat roll over
obstacle (optional).
• Core Self Defence Techniques - C4 Face Push, C5
Corkscrew, C6 Fan Lock.
• Multiple Grabbing – spontaneous application of
the three core techniques from any direction
• Key Principles and Skills - Blending from one
technique to another smoothly, continuous
unbalancing of opponent throughout entire
technique, continuous application of pain
throughout the entire technique, maintaining
your own posture during the technique.
• Weapons – Danbon (short stick) – basic
techniques
• Self Defence Drill # 2 – Core Techniques 1-6

Green Belt – 6th kup

• Kicking Techniques – spinning and circular kicks
• Core Self Defence Techniques - C7 Hammer
Lock, C8 Arm Bar, C9 Wrist and Shoulder
Throw.
• Sparring Throwing Techniques – how to throw
your opponent during sparring.
• Multiple Grabbing
• Key Principles and Skills - controlling
opponent’s centre, third leg, circular
momentum for kicks.
Blue Tip – 5th kup

• Kicking Techniques - low spinning heel, low
spinning hook, low turning - follow through,
turning then spinning heel, turning kick then
180° turning Kick
• Core Self Defence Techniques - C10 Leg Reap,
C11 Hip Throw, C12 Step Behind and Throw.
• Multiple Grabbing – spontaneous application of
the three core techniques from any direction.
• Key Principles and Skills - sources of power –
legs, hips, shoulders, arms, transferring power
from the ground to the arms.
• Weapons – Jukto (Bamboo sword)
• Self Defence Drill 3 – Core Techniques 7 to 12
Blue Belt – 4th kup

• Kicking Techniques – axe, stepping axe,
spinning axe, jumping turning (rear leg), knee
feint then jumping turning.
• Core Self Defence Techniques - C13 Whip
Throw, C14 Tornado Throw, C15 Neck and Chin
Throw
• Self Defence - front bear hug, headlocks
• Pattern 6 – Crane Pattern

Red Tip – 3rd kup

• Kicking Techniques - flying side (low impact
option – sliding side), jumping turning back (low
impact option – sliding back), low turning then
low spinning heel (diff. legs) (low impact option –
low turning then mid spinning heel), reverse 180°
turning.
• Self Defence - Collar from Front, Collar from
Rear, Rear Bear Hug – Arms Free, Rear Bear Hug
– Arms Trapped, Full Nelson, Belt, Rear Choke,
Leg Locks
• Weapons – Mokkom (wooden sword)
• Self Defence Drill 4 – Core Techniques 13 to 15
• Key Principles - large circles (owning the centre
and keeping it throughout the technique)
Red Belt – 2nd kup

• Self Defence - throwing techniques, defence
against front kick, defence against turning kick,
defence against side kick, defence against
turning back kick, defence against spinning heel
kick, thumb attacks.
• Kicking Techniques - Jumping spinning hook (Low
impact option – spinning hook), High spinning
hook then low spinning hook, Sliding foot sweep
to front leg, then low spinning hook, 360°
spinning hook (Low impact option – step
forwards and spinning hook), Low turning then
180° reverse turning
• Pattern 7 - Four Directional Throws

Black Tip – 1st kup

• Weapons – Jangbon and Danbon (long and
short poles)
• Self Defence - Sitting on Ground legs crossed,
Lying on your back, Sitting on a chair, Leg
attacks from sitting position
• Multiple Grabbing
• Key Principles and Skills - Awareness of other
attackers around you.
• Kicking Techniques - 360° low spinning heel
• Pattern 8 – Eagle Pattern
• Self Defence Drill #5
Groundwork Games
Groundwork refers to situations where the fight has
gone to the ground, this is also called grappling.
The AHA Syllabus teaches groundwork to all
students at all levels through a series of games that
increase in complexity and provide a safe
environment for improving their groundwork skills
and knowledge.
Knife Defense
Knife attacks are becoming more common in
society these days. It is important that all our
students have practical skills to deal with a
committed knife attack. We do not designed to
teach students how to attack someone using a
knife.
The AHA Syllabus teaches all students knife
defence, starting from White Belt. The Knife
Defense course starts with simple drills to develop
the right habits and reflexes to defend against a
knife.
As the student progresses through the 3 levels, the
drills evolve to include pass and stop sensitivity,
counterstriking and appropriate use of self-defense
techniques against a knife.

1st Degree Black Belt

• Sword (Kom) Pattern – Standing
• Advanced Sparring Techniques
• Pole (Jangbon) Pattern #1
• Danbon – self defence – single attacker
• Self Defence - Advanced Wrist Techniques
• Defence against Throwing
2nd Degree Black Belt

• Sword (Kom) Pattern – Kneeling
• Pole Pattern # 2
• Short stick (Danbon) self defence – multiple
attackers
• Arresting Techniques
• Pole (Jangbon) 1-step sparring
• Momentum throws
• Sparring against two opponents.
3rd Degree Black Belt

• Poong Ryu Kom (traditional Korean soft slow
sword pattern)
• Short stick (Danbon) Defence against Sword
(Kom) - 8 Strikes
• Double Short Swords (Dan Kom)
• Walking Cane (Ji Pang Yee)
• Self Defence Against Self Defence
4th Degree Black Belt

• Belt techniques (Po Bak Sul)
• Fan techniques (Bu Chae Sul)
• Weapon Pattern – Self Made
• Self defence against two attackers at a time

Elective Elements for Black Belts

The following areas of study are available and
encouraged for black belts who have interests and
abilities in these areas:
• Meridians and pressure points
• Meditation
• Groundwork/Grappling
• Komdo/Haedong Gumdo
• Offensive self defence
• Strangling, Choking and
Recovery Techniques
• One handed self defence
• Close range defence against a gun
• Acrobatic skills and kicks
• Knife fighting/defence

History of Hapkido
Introduction
Prior to 1945 there was a long historical decline of
the martial arts of Korea commencing with the Yi
dynasty (1392-1910) and finishing with the
Japanese occupation (1910-45) where they were all
but stamped out.
In many cases the ancient martial arts of Korea
were kept alive by just a few scattered individuals,
often living in seclusion in the mountains with
perhaps just one or two disciples.
Since the end of the Japanese occupation in 1945
there has been a rediscovery by the Korean people
of their culture and martial arts in particular.
Korea and the Hwarang

Buddhism arrived in China from India during Hu han
Mal (late Han period - 67 BC) and was introduced to
Korea in 372 AD.
The first patriarch of Son (Zen in Japanese, Chan in
Chinese) Buddhism and the 28th patriarch of
Buddhism, Bodhidharma (480-528 AD) made an
epic trip across the Himalayas and arrived at Song
Shan Shaolin temple, China in 520 AD where he
began to teach the monks Son.
Many people credit Bodhidharma with forming the
nucleus of martial arts but this proposition is almost
certainly a myth. He may have introduced a
particular form of the martial arts but the ability to
organise fighting methods is a feature known in Bodhidharma
many parts of the world and certainly before this
date.
Under the reign of King Bophung, Buddhism
became the sanctioned state religion of Silla and
this patronage spawned a period of monastic order,
the construction of monasteries and the
development of the arts.
Large numbers of Korean monks travelled to China
for instruction with ninety percent of them coming
from Silla.

King Chin Hung came to power in Shilla in 540 AD

and one of the most significant acts he performed
was the creation of the Hwarang warrior. He called
upon a famous Buddhist priest, Won Kwang Bopsa
who had developed a system of martial arts based
on harmony with the laws of nature to establish a
state sanctioned martial art.
Young members of the nobility were taught martial
arts with the Buddhist faith to become warrior-
intellectuals who embodied culture and chivalry.
Chinese civilisation spread into Korea and Japan
heavily influencing the indigenous peoples of these
lands. All three of these countries in turn have had
important influences on each other.
Korean travellers brought many skills with them to
Japan including Buddhism and certain martial arts
Korea – the three kingdoms skills. From 668 AD the Shilla kingdom dominated
the Korean peninsula and there was a florescence
of martial arts along with many other cultural
developments.
Oral sources in Korea tell of a Paekje kingdom
prince who travelled to Japan to escape political
persecution and brought with him a martial art that
was based mainly on defensive techniques,
circularity and the use of an opponent's force
against them called Yu Sul.
After World War II

From 1910 until 1945, Korea was under the control
of Japan and only the occupier's arts of Judo and
Kendo were permitted.
After centuries of obscurity it was only under the
new post World War II Korean government that the
native Korean martial arts could resurface without
persecution. In some ways it was a renaissance,
with the general public studying the new/old art
made up of the strongest elements that had
survived Confucianism and the Japanese
occupation.
Very soon there were many different schools all
with different names and ideas. To provide unity to
all these schools the government gave them all one
name, Taekwondo, and formed a national
governing body.

However there was one exception to this unification

process, Hapkido. Because Hapkido principles were
so unique, Hapkido was allowed to operate
independently.
Founders of modern Hapkido
Choi Yong Sul

The most widely known figure in the establishment
of Hapkido is Choi Yong Sul. Choi was born
November 9, 1904 at Chungbuk province in Korea.
According to Choi he was abducted from his home
village of Yong Dong in Chungcheong in 1912 by a
Japanese sweet merchant named Morimoto who
had lost his own sons and wished to adopt Choi.
Choi resisted and proved so troublesome to the
candymaker that he abandoned Choi in the streets
of Moji, Japan.
Choi made his way to Osaka as a beggar and, after
having been picked up by police, was placed in a
Buddhist temple which cared for orphans in Kyoto.
The abbot of the temple was a monk named
Wantanabe Kintaro.
Choi spent 2 years at the temple and had a difficult
life there, not only in school but with the other
children due to his poor Japanese language skills
and his Korean ethnicity which made him stand out
in Japan.
Apparently due to the boy's tendency of getting
into fights and his intense interest in the temples
murals depicting war scenes, when asked by
Watanabe what direction that he wished for his life
to take he expressed interest in the martial arts.
The temple monk (Wantanabe Kintaro) was
reputedly a friend of Takeda Sokaku, the founder of
the Daito Ryu Aikijujitsu system, which is a Japanese
martial arts system emphasizing empty handed
methods based upon the sword styles and jujutsu
tactics in which Takeda was an expert.
Takeda Sokaku is also famous for having taught
Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of aikido.

After 2 years, the head of the temple sent him to a

friend of his by the name of Sokaku Takeda. Choi
then cleaned Takeda's dojo for five years after
which the master permitted him to learn Daito Ryu
Aikijujitsu.
In Japan, Choi used the Japanese name Yoshida
Asao since Japanese law at the time required
everyone to use a Japanese name.
When Choi was 11 years old he was taken to
Takeda's home and dojo in Akita on Shin Shu
mountain where he lived and trained with the
Sokaku Takeda
master for 30 years. Choi said he travelled with
Sokaku Takeda as a teaching assistant. He was also
employed to catch war deserters. According to
Choi, he was the only student to have a complete
understanding of the system taught by Takeda.
However, except for claims made by Choi himself,
there is little evidence that Choi was the adopted
son of Takeda Sokaku, or that he ever formally
studied Daitō-ryū under the founder of the art.
Towards the end of World War II Takeda sent Choi
to South Korea to avoid being drafted into the
Japanese army. On Choi's return to Korea in 1945
after the end of the Japanese occupation, a bag
with his martial arts certificates and money was
stolen at a train station.
Unfortunately no official records have been found
in Daito Ryu Aikijutsu in Japan to reflect the
granting of a teaching certificate to Choi.
Many modern Japanese Aikijujitsu exponents are
unwilling to accept the proposition that Choi, a
Korean of low status in Japanese eyes could have
possibly been taught or been close to Takeda.
Perhaps the reason no records exist is the fact that
despite Choi's close relationship with Takeda he was
not Japanese and therefore excluded from the
records or that he did not pay any money for
lessons and thus there is no registration of
payment.
Some claim that Choi's training was limited to just
attending seminars. Regardless of these
conjectures, Choi spent thirty two years in Japan
and his techniques show a strong link to modern
Daito Ryu Aikijujitsu.

Soon after returning to South Korea, Choi married a

Korean woman and had three daughters and a son.
It seems he had travelled from Japan to Korea
previously and met his wife on one of these visits.
Choi Yong Sul's first student, and the man whom
some claim helped him develop the art of Hapkido
was Suh Bok Sup, a Korean judo black belt when
they met.
Some of Choi's other respected senior students are:
Ji Han Jae, Kim Moo-Hong, Won Kwang-Hwa, Kim
Jung-Yoon, and arguably Suh In-Hyuk and Lee Joo
Bang who went on to form the arts of Kuk Sul Won
and modern Hwarang-do respectively (though some
argue that their training stems from time spent
training under Kim Moo-Hong).
Choi Yong Sul died on the 15th June 1986 and is
buried in Daegu, South Korea.
Choi Yong Sul’s grave in Korea
Suh Bok Sub

Choi's first student and the first person known to
have opened up a dojang under Choi was Master
Suh Bok Sub.
In 1948, when Suh Bok Sub was still in his early 20s,
he had already earned his black belt in judo and was
a graduate of the prestigious Korea University.
After watching Choi Yong Sul successfully defend
himself against a group of men when an argument
erupted in the yard of the Suh Brewery Company.
Suh, who was the chairman of the company, invited
Choi to begin teaching martial arts to Suh and some
of the workers at the distillery where Suh had
prepared a dojang.
Suh Bok Sub was Choi Yong Sul's first student in
Korea and his first lesson was on Sunday , February
22, 1948.

In 1951, Suh opened up the first proper dojang

called the Korean Yukwansul Hapki Dojang.
Choi Yong Sul was also employed during this time as
a bodyguard to Suh's father who was a
congressman.
Suh claims that he and Choi agreed to shorten the
name of the art from 'hapki yu kwon sul' to
'Hapkido' in 1959.
Jang In Mok
Born in South Korea on the 15th August 1915, Jang
In Mok went to Japan in 1928 and began studying
Daito-Ryu Aikijujitsu and finished all requirements
on the 30th August 1938 and was awarded a
Certificate from Matsuda Yutaka a student of
Takeda Sokaku.
Matsuda Yutaka was first a student Doshin So, the
founder of Shorinji Kempo in Japan.
Jang said his teacher told him of another Korean
Jang Im Mok with Professor Huh Il Wong studying with Takeda but they never met until
afterwards.
Years later in 1956 in Daegu City, South Korea and
Jang heard the sounds of martial arts training and
went over and met Choi Young Sul. They figured out
they had both trained in the same art in Japan.
In 1960 Chang In Mok was teaching in Daegu.

Notable students were: Jang Seeung Ho, Song Joon
Hwi, Choi Han Young, Hu Il Wong (teacher of Peter
and Joseph Kim) and Song Il Hun.
Even though Jang In Mok was born later than Choi
Young Sul they were contemporaries in Japan
studying under Takeda and they both returned to
Daegu City in Korea in 1945.
Jang was a doctor of oriental medicine and massage
but also has taught Hapkido. As his career was
mainly as a doctor he did not produce large
numbers of students.

Ji Han Jae
Ji Han Jae was undoubtedly the prime mover in the
art of Korean Hapkido. It is due to his physical skills,
technical contributions, promotional efforts and
political connections as head Hapkido instructor to
the presidential body guard under Korean President
Park Jung Hee that Hapkido became popularized,
first within Korea and then internationally.
Ji was an early student (Dan #14) of Choi. He details
that prior to opening his martial art school in Seoul,
the Sung Moo Kwan, he also studied from a man
known as Taoist Lee and an old woman he knew as
'Grandma'. As a teacher of Hapkido, Ji incorporated
traditional Korean kicking techniques (from Taoist
Lee and the art Sam Rang Do Tek Gi) and punching
techniques into the system and gave the resulting
synthesis the name Hapkido in 1957.
In 1984, Ji moved first to Germany and then to the
United States and founded Sin Moo Hapkido, which
incorporates philosophical tenets, a specific series
of techniques (including kicks) and healing
techniques into the art.
Three of Ji Han Jae's notable students in Korea were
Tae Man Kwon, Myung Jae Nam, and Han Bong Soo.
Ji stars in the films Lady Kung-fu (also known as
Hapkido) and Game of Death in which he takes part
in a long fight scene against Bruce Lee. Ji lived in
Hong Kong for some time and taught Hapkido to
several famous Chinese martial arts movie stars like
Sammo Hung, Carter Wong and Angela Mao.
Prior to the death of Choi Yong Sul in 1986, Ji
claimed that it was he who founded the Korean art
of Hapkido, asserting that Choi Yong Sul taught only
yawara based skills and that it was he who added
much of the kicking, and weapon techniques we
now associate with modern Hapkido. He also
asserts that it was he that first used the term
'Hapkido' to refer to the art.
While both claims are contested by some of the
other senior teachers of the art, what is not
contested is the undeniably huge contributions
made by Ji to the art, its systematization and its
promotion world wide.

Grandmaster Ji Han Jae (10th Dan) heads his

extensive Sin Moo Hapkido organization from this
school in San Francisco and has clubs all over the
world.
In the 90’s the AHA invited Grandmaster Ji to
Australia and hosted several seminars in Sydney.
Kim Moo Hong

A notable student from the Choi and Suh's Yu Sul
Kwan dojang was Kim Moo Hong who later taught
at Suh's Joong Ang dojang in Daegu.
Suh, who promoted Kim to 4th degree, credits Kim
with the development of many kicks which are still
used in Hapkido today. Master Kim apparently took
the concepts from very basic kicks he had learned
from Choi and went to a temple to work on
developing them to a much greater degree.
Later, in 1961, Kim travelled to Seoul and while
staying at Master Ji Han Jae's Sung Moo Kwan
dojang they finalized the kicking curriculum.
Kim went on to found his Shin Moo Kwan dojang in
the Jong Myo section of Seoul, also in 1961. Won
Kwang-Wha also served as an instructor at this
dojang. Kim's notable students were Lee Han-Chul,
Kim Woo-Tak (who founded the Kuk Sul Kwan
Hapkido dojang), Huh Il-Wooong, Lee Joo Bang
(who founded modern Hwarang-do), Na Han-Dong,
Shin Dong-Ki and Suh In-Hyuk (who founded Kuk Sul
Won.
Originally a member of the Korea Kido Association,
the organization sent Master Kim to teach Hapkido
in the United States in 1969. Upon returning to
Korea in 1970, Kim looked to Ji Han Jae's move to
set up his own organization and with the
encouragement of his students followed suit and
founded the Korean Hapkido Association (Hangook
Hapkido Association) in 1971.
Later Kim combined this organization with the
groups led by Ji Han Jae and Myung Jae Nam to
form the Republic of Korea Hapkido Association.

Myung Jae Nam

In 1972 Myung Jae Nam was one of the original
members of the Korea Hapkido Association (Dae
Han Hapkido Hyub Hwe), which was formed in 1965
at the request of the South Korean President Park
Chung Hee.
The Korea Hapkido Association was formed with the
assistance of Mr. Park Jong Kyu, who was the head
of the Presidential Protective Forces and one of the
most powerful men in Korea at the time.
Later Myung Jae Nam broke away from all the other
organizations and started to focus on promoting a
new style, Hankido.
Until his death in 1999 he was the leader of the
International HKD Federation (Kuk Jae Yeon Maeng
Hapki Hwe), at that time one of Korea's three main
Hapkido organizations.
Lim, Hyun Soo

In 1965, Lim, Hyun Su visited Founder, Choi Yong
Sul's dojang and had his first meeting with Hapkido.
He felt a mysterious charm that made him walk the
way of a martial artist.
At first he was taught by Master Kim Yeung Jae,
Founder Choi's pupil. Then he was then taught by
Founder, Choi , Yong Sul and became his pupil until
1981. During this time with the founder, he
endured strict and intense training.
He opened the Jung Ki Kwan on October 24, 1974.
Grandmaster Lim studied with Founder Choi for 19
years (9 of those years were special private
sessions), making him the disciple with the longest
training time. Lim, Hyun Su is one of only three 9th
Dans awarded by Choi.

Hapkiyusul – Dojunim Kim Yun Sang

Dojunim Kim Yun Sang started learning under Choi
in 1973 at the age of 42, and continued until Choi’s
death. He is said to be the only student to learn
everything from Choi.
He teaches the way he learnt from Choi and is
following Choi’s final wish that he train that way
every day until the day he dies.
Dojunim Kim Yun Sang is fulfilling that promise to
his teacher Choi and still trains every day, wanting
to show Choi Yong Sul's techniques.
Hapkiyusul translates as Aikijujitsu in Japanese and
Yong Sul Kwan means the school of Yong Sul (Choi
Yong Sul's name).
The headquarters are located in a country town,
Geumsan, South Korea. There are also 3 other
Dojangs in nearby Daejon and one in Seoul. The
Yong Sul Kwan's main purpose is to preserve the art
the way it was taught by Choi Yong Sul.
The Australian Hapkido Association has a strong
connection to Dojunim Kim Yun Sang established
through several visits to Australia and many trips to
Korea by many of our students to study in his
school.
One of our students from Lismore, Jarrod Taylor,
has been living in Korea for many years for the
purpose of studying Hapkiyusul in Yong Sul Kwan
and is now one of Dojunims most senior students.
AHA black bets training in South Korea with Dojunim Kim Yun Sang

Yun Sae Gwan

Grandmaster Yun Sae Gwan is a very impressive and
talented Hapkido master based in Gwangju, South
Korea.
His techniques are unique and very dynamic and
painful. He is known as the ghost Hapkido master
and appears on many popular YouTube videos.
Daniel Marie and Connor Van Vuuren managed to
train with Grandmaster Yun Sae Gwan in Gwangju
in October 2007.
History of Hapkido in Australia
Grandmaster Matthew Kim Sung Su

The founder of the Australian Hapkido Association
is Grandmaster Matthew Kim Sung Su.
Matthew Kim trained Hapkido under Kim Yong Jun
in the 70’s in the Jong Myo Dojang in Seoul. Kim
Yong Jun was a student of Kim Moo Hong who was
a pioneer of the art opening one of the first schools
for the art in Seoul. A great innovator Kim Moo
Hong is credited with having helped develop the
kicking system used in most Hapkido schools today.
Matthew Kim also trained in Taekwondo and in
1975 was the Korean Bantamweight Champion.
Matthew Kim is the middle of three brothers. His
elder brother Peter (Sung Do) Kim and younger
brother Joseph (Sung Duk) Kim studied Hapkido and
Kuk Sul Won under Professor Huh Il Wong in South
Korea.

Around 1977 Matthew and Peter Kim were sent to

Argentina to teach Hapkido to the Army and Police.
While in Argentina they also started Hapkido and
Taekwondo clubs in Sao Paulo. These clubs are still
going in Argentina and we received the occasional
email asking how Matthew Kim is going.
The first club opened by Matthew and Peter Kim
was on the 1st floor, 60 Oxford St, Darlinghurst,
Sydney around mid 1979. This club became the
Australian Hapkido Academy and after the
establishment of the Australian Hapkido Association
in 1981, it became the headquarters of the AHA.
This club was known as the City Gym and had
classes every night of the week.
Many of the black belts from the City Gym went on
to start suburban clubs throughout Sydney and
country clubs throughout Australia.
In 1980 Joseph Kim Sung Duk arrived from South
Korea to help teach Hapkido in the City Gym.

In 1983 Peter Kim started the International Hapkido

College in Strathfield and left the City Gym and the
AHA to Matthew and Joseph. Joseph went on to
run a very successful club in Kogarah with the help
and support of Matthew Kim.
Most of the senior members of the AHA trained
under Matthew Kim in the City Gym. Being students
of Matthew Kim means that all our senior members
have the same understanding of Hapkido and the
same hope for its future. Peter Sung Do Kim
Master Lee Jeong Seo

Our first contact with Master Lee Jeong Seo was
during the Masters’ Visit to Australia in 1995.
During this visit the Korea Hapkido Federation and
Myung Ji University (located in Yong-In, South
Korea) sent a group of 5 masters to help with the
growth of Hapkido in Australia.
Master Lee Jeong Seo demonstrated such powerful
and effective techniques during this visit that many
of our members went on to seek additional training
with him in Korea. The AHA also invited him back to
Australia for a further series of seminars in 2005.
One of our students Andrew Byrnes went to Korea
and studied Hapkido under Master Lee Jeong Seo
for seven years. Andrew also completed a degree at
Myung Ji University and studied under many other
Hapkido, Poong Yu Do and sword masters in Korea.
Andrew has since returned to Australia with a 5th
Degree Hapkido Black Belt awarded by Master Lee
Jeong Seo and lives in Sydney.
Several of our core techniques are greatly
influenced by Master Lee Jeong Seo: Face Push,
Step Behind and Throw, Tornado Throw. His
posture, use of hips and biomechanical efficiency
are very well developed.
Master Lee Jeong Seo is currently living and
teaching Hapkido in Frankfurt, Germany.

Master Kang Jun – Gongkwon Yusul

Master Kang Jun has developed a really interesting
martial art called Gongkwon Yusul that looks very
much like Hapkido with grappling included. The
grappling has a unique Korean style to it and is not
just a copy of the Brazilian grappling that has
become so popular in mixed martial arts in recent
years. Master Kang has also integrated his self
defence techniques really well into sparring -
making them able to be applied in normal free
sparring.
Connections to Korea
Since our first trip to Korea in 1995, many of our members have travelled to South Korea to
further their studies of Hapkido in its country of origin. Recently the AHA sent over twenty
competitors to represent Australia in a world championship and to experience training in the
top martials arts universities and dojangs in Korea.
We have many friends and connections in South Korea, ranging from the top Hapkido
professors in the top sport universities to masters teaching in small traditional schools in the
suburbs of Seoul.
The following photos are from some of our students taken over the years.


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STUDENT HANDBOOK

Seventh Edition - March 2019

Founder – Grandmaster Matthew Sung Su Kim

Choosing a martial art ....................................... 2

What does “Hapkido” mean? ............................ 6

Techniques of Hapkido ................................... 10

Version 7  Copyright 1984

Glossary of Korean Terms ............................... 22

Summary of what you will learn...................... 24

Founders of modern Hapkido .......................... 34

History of Hapkido in Australia ....................... 42

 Copyright 1984 Version 7

Version 7  Copyright 1984 1

Choosing a martial art

Comparison of Hapkido to other martial arts

2  Copyright 1984 Version 7

Hapkido compared to Aikido

Hapkido compared to Jujitsu

Version 7  Copyright 1984 3

Hapkido compared to Mixed Martial Arts

Hapkido compared to Brazilian Ju Jitsu (BJJ)

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Hapkido compared to Taekwondo

Hapkido compared to Kung Fu

Version 7  Copyright 1984 5

Hapkido compared to Judo

Hapkido compared to Kendo (Komdo)

What does “Hapkido” mean?

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Version 7  Copyright 1984 7

Principle of Circular Movement

8  Copyright 1984 Version 7

Principle of Water Flow

Version 7  Copyright 1984 9

Hapkido employs the philosophy of using minimal C1 Wing Lock

10  Copyright 1984 Version 7

These core techniques are taught in the following 6

Goals of Hapkido training

Version 7  Copyright 1984 11

They quickly discover that if all they want is to

12  Copyright 1984 Version 7

Consider the following story:

Version 7  Copyright 1984 13

14  Copyright 1984 Version 7

The purpose of this meditation is to rid the mind of

Version 7  Copyright 1984 15

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Method of Danjun – some suggestions

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Humility is also a very important part of learning

Version 7  Copyright 1984 19

Explanation of Belt Rankings

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In the Australian Hapkido Association, Grandmaster

Version 7  Copyright 1984 21

Glossary of Korean Terms

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Version 7  Copyright 1984 23