This document outlines the detailed contents of a course on communication systems. The course covers AM/FM transmitters and receivers, antennas, propagation, fiber optic communications, and satellite communications over 6 modules. It also lists 9 practical experiments related to the topics, including characterizing radio receivers, plotting antenna radiation patterns, assembling fiber optic communication setups, and measuring light attenuation in optic fibers. The goal is to teach students the underlying principles and components of various communication systems through both theoretical and hands-on lessons.
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This document outlines the detailed contents of a course on communication systems. The course covers AM/FM transmitters and receivers, antennas, propagation, fiber optic communications, and satellite communications over 6 modules. It also lists 9 practical experiments related to the topics, including characterizing radio receivers, plotting antenna radiation patterns, assembling fiber optic communication setups, and measuring light attenuation in optic fibers. The goal is to teach students the underlying principles and components of various communication systems through both theoretical and hands-on lessons.
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DETAILED CONTENTS
1. AM/FM Transmitters (08 hrs)
a) Classification of transmitters on the basis of modulation, service, frequency and power b) Block diagram of AM transmitters and working of each stage c) Block diagram and working principles of reactance FET and armstrong FM transmitters 2. AM/FM Radio Receivers (14 hrs) a) Principle and working with block diagram of super heterodyne of AM receiver. Function of each block and typical waveforms at input and output of each block b) Performance characteristics of a radio receiver sensitivity, selectivity, fidelity S/N ratio, image rejection ratio and their measurement procedure. ISI standards on radio receivers (brief Idea) c) Selection criteria for intermediate frequency (IF). Concepts of simple and delayed AGC d) Block diagram of an FM receiver, function of each block and waveforms at input and output of different blocks. Need for limiting and de-emphasis in FM reception e) Block diagram of communication receivers, differences with respect to broadcast receivers. 3. Antennas: (14 hrs) a) Electromagnetic spectrum and its various ranges: VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, Microwave. b) Physical concept of radiation of electromagnetic energy from a dipole. Concept of polarization of EM Waves. c) Definition and physical concepts of the terms used with antennas like point source, gain directivity, aperture, effective area, radiation pattern, beam width and radiation resistance, loss resistance. d) Types of antennas-brief description, characteristics and typical applications of half wave dipole, medium wave (mast) antenna, folded dipole, turns tile, loop antenna, yagi and ferrite rod antenna (used in transistor receivers) 87 e) Brief description of broad-side and end fire arrays, their radiation pattern and applications (without analysis); brief idea about Rhombic antenna and dish antenna 4. Propagation: (10 hrs) a) Basic idea about different modes of wave propagation and typical areas of application. Ground wave propagation and its characteristics, summer field equation for field strength. b) Space wave communication – line of sight propagation, standard atmosphere, concept of effective earth radius range of space wave propagation standard atmosphere c) Duct propagation : sky wave propagation - ionosphere and its layers. Explanation of terms - virtual height, critical frequency, skip distance, maximum usable frequency, multiple hop propagation. 5. Fibre optic communications: (12 hrs) - Advantages of Fibre optic communication - Block diagram of a fibre-optic communication link - Constructional features of optical fibre and fibre optic cables. Concepts of numerical aperture (NA). Modes of propagation in an optical fibre and characteristics of single mode and multi mode fibres. Fibre attenuation and dispersion - Light sources - Diode, Laser, LEDs and their characteristics - Light detectors and their characteristics - Basic idea of fibre connection techniques - splicing and lensing 6. Satellite Communications: (06 hrs) - Basic idea, passive and active satellites, Meaning of the terms; orbit, apogee, perigee - Geo-stationary satellite and its need. Block diagram and explanation of a satellite communication link. LIST OF PRACTICALS 1. To plot the sensitivity characteristics of a radio receiver and determination of the frequency for maximum sensitivity 2. To plot the selectivity characteristics of a radio receiver 3. To plot the fidelity characteristics of a radio receiver 4. To align AM broadcast radio receiver 5. To plot the radiation pattern of a directional and omni directional antenna 6. To plot the variation of field strength of a radiated wave, with distance from a transmitting antenna 7. Familiarisation and identification of fibre optic components such as fibre optic light source, detector, connector assembly etc 88 8. To assemble the fibre optic communication set up (using teaching module) and compare the transmitted signal with the output of the receiver 9. To measure the light attenuation of the optic fibres NOTE: Visits to appropriate sites of digital/data communication