ASHRAE-Guideline 5-2001 Smoke Management

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ASHRAE Guideline 5-1994 (RA 2001)

ASHRAE
GUIDELINE
Commissioning
Smoke Management
Systems

Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee January


22, 1994, and reaffirmed January 27, 2001; and approved
by the ASHRAE Board of Directors January 27, 1994, and
reaffirmed February 2, 2001.

ASHRAE Guidelines are updated on a five-year cycle; the


date following the Guideline is the year of approval. The
latest edition of an ASHRAE Guideline may be purchased
from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE,
Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax:
404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll
free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in U.S. and Canada).

©Copyright 2001 American Society of Heating,


Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ISSN 1049-894X

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING,


REFRIGERATING AND
AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
1791 Tullie Circle, NE • Atlanta, GA 30329
ASHRAE GUIDELINE PROJECT COMMITTEE 5
Cognizant TC: TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke

William A. Webb, Chair Francis J. McCabe


Gaylon Richardson, Vice Chair Gregory R. Miller
Louis J. Bentsen Johnathan M. Rubes
Don C. Bailey John F. Scarff
John A. Clark William A. Schmidt
Gregory F. Deluga J. Brooks Semple
Michael E. Dillon George T. Tamura
John H. Klote

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2000-2001


Martha J. Hewett, Chair Rodney H. Lewis
Nance C Lovvorn, Vice Chair Ross D. Montgomery
Dean S. Borges Davor Novosel
Van D. Baxter Joseph A. Pietsch
Waller S. Clements James A. Ranfone
Piotr A. Domanski Steven T. Taylor
Richard A. Evans James K. Vallort
John F. Hogan Thomas E. Watson
Ronald E. Jarnagin Bruce A. Wilcox
David E. Knebel J. Richard Wright
Frederick H. Kohloss Gerald C. Groff, BOD Ex-Officio
William J. Landman William J. Buck, Coordinating Officer
Neil P. Leslie
Claire B. Ramspeck, Manager of Standards

SPECIAL NOTE
This Guideline was developed under the auspices of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE). ASHRAE Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifying a guideline for the design, testing, appli-
cation, or evaluation of a specific product, concept, or practice. As a guideline it is not definitive but encompasses areas where there
may be a variety of approaches, none of which must be precisely correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are written to assist professionals in the
area of concern and expertise of ASHRAE’s Technical Committees and Task Groups.
ASHRAE Guidelines are prepared by project committees appointed specifically for the purpose of writing Guidelines. The
project committee chair and vice-chair must be members of the ASHRAE; while other members of the project committee may or may
not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Guideline.
Development of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedures similar to those for ASHRAE Standards except that (a) committee
balance is desired but not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consensus is not required, (c) guidelines are not
appealable, and (d) guidelines are not submitted to ANSI for approval.
The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for
a. interpretation of the contents of this Guideline,
b. participation in the next review of the Guideline,
c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Guideline,
d. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.

DISCLAIMER
ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available
information and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or
performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards
or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS


ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method
of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper
definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation
of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely
voluntary.
In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be
made, either stated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.
CONTENTS

ASHRAE Guideline 5-1994 (RA 2001)


Commissioning Smoke Management Systems
SECTION PAGE
1 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
3 Recommissioning ........................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Definitions....................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Pre-Design Phase .......................................................................................................................................... 3
6 Design Phase ................................................................................................................................................. 3
7 Construction Phase ........................................................................................................................................ 5
8 Acceptance Procedures ................................................................................................................................. 6
9 Post-Acceptance Phase ................................................................................................................................. 7
10 References ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Appendix A: System Information Required ........................................................................................................ 8
Appendix B: Smoke Management System (SMS) Commissioning Process Phases ......................................... 9
Appendix C: Sample Report Forms .................................................................................................................. 10
1. PURPOSE event matrix: a matrix of zone inputs and outputs that
describes the totality of control events or sequences required
The purpose of this guideline is to provide methods for veri-
for each piece of equipment or control device in response to
fying and documenting that the performance of smoke
inputs from each zone in a smoke management system.
management systems conforms with design intent.
functional performance testing: that full range of checks and
2. SCOPE
tests carried out to determine if all components, subsystems,
2.1 This guideline covers all types of smoke management systems, and interfaces between systems function in accor-
systems and the dance with the contract documents. In this context, “function”
(a) documentation of occupancy and use requirements includes all modes and sequences of control operation, all
and system design assumptions; interlocks and conditional control responses, and all specified
(b) documentation of design intent, system description, responses to emergency conditions.
and operation;
(c) functional performance testing and documentation fire fighter's smoke control station: fire fighter's smoke
necessary for evaluating system acceptance; and control station (FSCS) includes monitoring and overriding
(d) integration testing with other building systems that capability over smoke control systems and equipment
affect the performance of the smoke management sys- provided at designated location(s) within the building for the
tem, such as fire detection and alarm, HVAC, controls, use of the fire department.
power supplies, and separations.
pressurized stair shafts: a type of smoke control system in
2.2 Methods of commissioning HVAC and other building
which stair shafts are mechanically pressurized with outdoor
systems are not covered in this guideline except as provided in
air to keep smoke from contaminating them during a fire inci-
2.1(d). Methods for commissioning of HVAC systems are
dent.
given in ASHRAE Guideline 1-1989.1
project program: the written description of the commission
3. RECOMMISSIONING
plan.
Space use and occupancy will change, and, as smoke manage-
ment systems age, their performance may deteriorate. There- smoke: the airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases
fore, throughout the useful life of the building, there will be a evolved when a material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion,
need to recommission these systems periodically. together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise
mixed into the mass.
4. DEFINITIONS
4.1 Definition of terms used in this guideline may be found smoke barrier: construction, either vertical or horizontal,
in ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air-Condi- such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and
tioning, and Refrigeration.2 constructed to restrict the movement of smoke. A smoke
barrier may or may not have a fire resistance rating. Smoke
4.2 Additional terms used in this guideline not found in the barriers may have openings protected by closing devices or
ASHRAE Terminology are defined in this section. adequate airflows.

acceptable performance: a component or system able to meet smoke control mode: a predefined operational configuration
specified design parameters under actual load. of a system or device for the purpose of smoke control.

authority having jurisdiction: the organization, office, or smoke control system: an engineered system that uses
individual responsible for “approving” equipment, an instal- mechanical fans to produce airflows and pressure differences
lation, or a procedure. across barriers to limit smoke movement.

commissioning authority: the qualified person, company, or smoke control zone: a space within a building enclosed by
agency that will plan and carry out the overall commissioning smoke barriers, including the top and bottom, that is a part of
process. There are many options as to which party to the a zoned smoke control system.
commissioning process will be the “authority.” The design
professional, contractor, independent commissioning agency, smoke damper: an approved opening protection device
or owner may be the commissioning authority. designed to resist the passage of air or smoke that meets the
requirements of UL Standard 555S-1983, Leakage Rated
commissioning plan: the overall document that outlines the Dampers for Use in Smoke Control Systems,3 designed to
organization, scheduling, allocation of resources, documen- resist the passage of air or smoke. A combination fire and
tation, etc., pertaining to the overall commissioning process. smoke damper should also meet the requirements of UL Stan-
dard 555-1990, Fire Dampers.4
design professional: the architect, architect-engineer, or engi-
neer responsible for the design and preparation of contract smoke exhaust system: a mechanical or gravity system
documents for the smoke management systems. intended to move smoke from the smoke zone to the exterior
2 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
of the building, including smoke removal, purging, and vent- 5.2.1.2 Review the project program to determine that
ing systems, as well as the function of exhaust fans used to life safety and property protection issues have been
reduce the pressure in a smoke zone. addressed.
5.2.1.3 Review the documentation described in 5.2.2.
smoke management system: an engineered system that 5.2.2 Documentation
includes all methods that can be used singly or in combination
5.2.2.1 Document the objectives and the relationship of
to modify smoke movement.
the smoke management system to the overall fire protection
and life safety strategies.
smoke zone: the smoke control zone in which the fire is
located. 5.2.2.2 Document the smoke management system and
its subsystems.
stack effect: the vertical airflow within buildings caused by 5.2.2.3 Document smoke management requirements for
temperature differences between the building interior and each occupancy, area, zone, hazard, or similar circumstance.
exterior. 5.2.2.4 Identify all applicable code requirements and
jurisdictions having authority.
tenable environment: an environment in which the charac- 5.2.2.5 Identify pertinent standards and practices as they
teristics, quantity, and location of smoke are limited or other- relate to smoke control.
wise restricted to allow for ready evacuation through the 5.2.2.6 Identify tests required by code.
space. Maintenance of a tenable environment in the smoke
5.2.2.7 Document roles and responsibilities of all par-
zone is not within the capability of zoned smoke control.
ties during all phases of the smoke management system
commissioning process.
zoned smoke control: a smoke control system that includes
smoke exhaust for the smoke zone and pressurization for all 5.2.2.8 Prepare a written report defining design assump-
contiguous smoke control zones. The remaining smoke tions and performance standards of the proposed smoke man-
control zones in the building also may be pressurized. agement system, the most appropriate conceptual approach,
and requirements of the system.
5. PRE-DESIGN PHASE
6. DESIGN PHASE
The smoke management system commissioning process
6.1 Introduction. The objective of this section is to outline
begins with the pre-design phase.
the scope of design requirements for a smoke management
5.1 Objectives. The objectives are: system constructed with a comprehensive commissioning
(a) To set parameters, responsibilities, and documentation process to comply with the requirements of the project pro-
for all phases of commissioning smoke management gram.
systems; ensure that project team members are made
aware of these requirements; and set a framework for 6.2 Scope of the Design Phase. The design documents
commissioning during all phases. Each local code should include detailed requirements for smoke management
requires specific types of systems and testing. All system commissioning and the integration with other building
local code requirements should be reviewed at this systems that affect the performance of the smoke manage-
stage to assure compliance. ment system as follows:
(b) To document basic data from which to develop the (a) design criteria and assumptions;
design and benchmark information with which to (b) description of the smoke management system and
evaluate final performance, including occupancy intended operation and performance including control
requirements, design assumptions, building construc- matrix and control schematics with each piece of
tion, building zoning, and building utilization. equipment identified;
(c) commissioning plan that includes
5.2 Planning Procedure. This section describes activities 1. commissioning team description,
and provides instructions about what should be written in the 2. specific test procedures and acceptance criteria
commissioning brief forming a section of the project pro- properly linked to specific testing methods that
gram. appropriately relate to the system's design intent,
5.2.1 Review of the Project Program. The commission- 3. time frame in the project when the tests will be
ing authority should only require the designer to provide a scheduled, and
project program, not evaluate or judge the existing one. 4. how a certificate of occupancy will be obtained
5.2.1.1 The project program should be fully docu- and who will sign off on the certificate of occu-
mented by the system designer. This documentation should be pancy;
a complete systems description of design values, event (d) documentation requirements based on
matrix, and commissioning sequence. While it may not assign 1. how the testing can be accomplished and
specific contractual duties to the variety of subparties, it 2. requirements of the local codes;
should be comprehensive in its description of requirements. (e) verification protocol for each test procedure of
See Appendix A. 1. duct and damper installation conformance to stan-

ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001) 3


dards, etc., and should be designed to have a complete functional
2. duct pressure, system prior to issuance of the certificate of occupancy.
3. wall construction, Since the proper operation of the smoke management
4. HVAC testing, adjusting, and balancing, system is dependent upon the proper functioning of all related
5. control processes, and subsystems and equipment (e.g., fans, dampers, fire detection
6. functional performance testing; system, building controls, emergency power), the commis-
(f) commissioning documentation consisting of a detailed sioning plan must include a provision that these subsystems
list establishing documentation required during each and equipment must be tested, any deficiencies must be
phase of verification procedures; and corrected, and certification of completeness must be provided.
(g) operational and performance procedures approved by The commissioning plan should detail the proper certification
the commissioning team and required or suggested by documentation required.
the codes. 6.5.2 The parties involved will include the owners, design
6.3 Design Criteria. Design criteria and assumptions professionals, contractors, vendors, project managers, com-
should include design conditions for each zone as follows: missioning authority, manufacturers, the test and balance
(a) indoor dry-bulb temperature, (TAB) agency, authorities having jurisdiction, and other par-
(b) outdoor dry-bulb temperature, ties as required.
(c) wind speed and direction, 6.5.3 The needed staffing skills and qualifications should
(d) occupancy group and use, be specified for the following:
(e) building zones, (a) commissioning team, i.e., representatives of the archi-
(f) power source, tect, engineer, building control system (BCS) com-
(g) design fire sizes and locations, pany, fire alarm system company (if different from
(h) automatic fire extinguisher system effects, BCS), TAB agency, general contractor, mechanical
(i) smoke/fire detection system, contractor, and electrical contractor, and
(j) event matrix for zones, (b) operation and maintenance teams.
(k) automatic and manual controls,
6.6 Documentation Requirements
(l) building pressurization, infiltration, and stack effect,
(m) zone pressure differences, 6.6.1 The requirements for each party involved in the pro-
(n) interfaces between zones, cess of smoke management system commissioning should
(o) code requirements and impact on criteria, detail the documentation that each must prepare to satisfy the
(p) maintainability, and commissioning plan requirements of the specification. This
(q) ability to maintain control setpoints. documentation should be prepared and submitted by the com-
missioning authority after construction contracts are issued
6.4 Description of Smoke Management System and details of the equipment and devices to be installed are
6.4.1 The description of the smoke management system available.
and its intended operation and performance should include The construction specifications should address the
design intent, assumptions, and facility occupation and utili- documentation applicable to each party involved in the
zation. process of smoke management commissioning. All contrac-
6.4.2 The description of the smoke management system tors and suppliers of subsystems, equipment, and services
should include basic system type, major components, interre- must be aware of their required involvement and of the docu-
lations of components, capacity and sizing criteria, automatic ments they will be required to provide as certified proof of
control, and sequence of operation with control matrix. Flow having met their contractual responsibilities.
diagrams should be included for each mode of operation indi- 6.6.2 The documentation should include
cating damper positions, highlighted air ducts, fan status, and (a) the amount of time and sequences required with the
nomenclature. commissioning procedures by each party,
6.4.3 The description of the smoke management system (b) detailed checklists for performance testing including
should address all the operational and performance data the sequence of tests of all zones and all systems,
including the equipment selection and redundancy criteria, (c) requirements for certification of test equipment
intended operation under all seasonal loads, modes of opera- calibration,
tion, design setpoints of control systems with permissible (d) report forms that will be used to submit test data and
adjustments, and any other engineered operational mode of results, and
the system as it affects the smoke management system. (e) overall commissioning sequence and a schedule for
completion of individual procedures.
6.5 Commissioning Plan
6.5.1 The commissioning plan for the smoke management 6.7 Verification Procedures
system should detail the implementation of the commission- 6.7.1 The procedures for performance test and verifica-
ing process. It should include the requirements that each party tion include, but are not limited to,
involved in the commissioning process will have to accom- (a) capacities and performances of each system as mea-
plish, including sequence, scheduling, documentation sured by the TAB agency during the TAB process,
requirements, verification procedures, staffing requirements, (b) verification of all equipment performance,

4 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)


(c) verification of the performance of subsystems consist- (g) the schedules for the participation of the operations
ing of combinations of equipment, and maintenance personnel during the construction
(d) verification of proper automatic and manual smoke phase and the subsequent phases of the commission-
management system activation, including required ing process.
override capabilities, and operational priorities,
(e) verification of the performance of the smoke manage- 7. CONSTRUCTION PHASE
ment system as a whole,
(f) verification of all necessary fixed architectural fea- 7.1 Introduction
tures, and 7.1.1 This section describes the commissioning process of
(g) verification of proper functioning of the fire alarm and the smoke management system during the construction phase
detection system and other subsystems that interface of the project.
with the smoke management system. In this phase, the smoke management system is installed,
6.7.2 Examples of items involved in these procedures tested, and put into operation. When construction is
include, but are not limited to, completed, the smoke management system is ready for func-
(a) fire fighter's smoke control station (FSCS); tional performance testing.
(b) building control system (BCS) including automatic 7.1.2 The commissioning of smoke management systems
and manual control provisions; is an ongoing process, which continues through the installa-
(c) required BCS overrides and priorities; tion of the smoke management system. In this phase, the com-
(d) fire alarm and detection system; missioning authority shall witness all pressure tests of duct
(e) automatic smoke management system activation in systems and pressure difference testing of smoke barriers and
response to a fire alarm; shall also observe all start-up, testing, adjusting and balanc-
(f) overall smoke management system response times; ing, and calibration activities, duct pressure testing, and alarm
(g) building construction integrity including adequacy of location.
fire stopping, integrity of smoke barriers, and required 7.1.3 An important part of the commissioning process is
gasketing or sealing of doors and other architectural the training of the operations and maintenance personnel.
elements; These people should be available at the site during construc-
(h) duct construction and related HVAC component tion to observe the installation of the smoke management sys-
integrity; tem and to learn about its operation. The commissioning
(i) static pressure differences across smoke control authority shall direct this training.
boundaries; and 7.1.4 An important part of the commissioning process is
(j) dampers, door release hardware, and automatic door the training of the fire department. Fire officers should be avail-
openers. able at the site during construction to observe the installation
Note: All the above should be done with the system operating of the smoke management system and to learn about its oper-
totally automatically. ation. The commissioning authority shall direct this training.
6.8 Commissioning Documentation 7.2 Submittals
Documentation for commissioning of smoke manage- 7.2.1 Submittals should be reviewed by the commission-
ment systems should be prepared and submitted by the ing authority prior to construction. In addition to shop draw-
commissioning authority at the completion of the commis- ings, equipment submittals, testing and balancing procedures,
sioning process. This documentation should include readi- and forms, submittals should also include the commissioning
ness, start-up, and performance checklists of the plan and commissioning documentation format.
commissioning plan with actual results achieved and
7.2.1.1 Equipment submittals should include complete
(a) testing, adjusting, and balancing report including the
performance data for each piece of equipment, e.g., capacity,
test procedures used;
flow rates, velocity, pressure losses, horsepower, rpm, and
(b) performance of all equipment relating to the smoke
electrical data. After review of equipment submittals, the
management system;
equipment operations and maintenance information (includ-
(c) control schematics, performance reports, and smoke
ing parts lists, installation instructions, and special tool needs)
management systems and subsystems observed as
should be submitted in accordance with specification require-
indicated in the test matrix; and
ments.
(d) operating data to include all necessary instructions to
the owner's maintenance and operating staff in order 7.2.1.2 Control submittals should be reviewed to ensure
to operate the system to specified standards; that they include all information needed by the operations and
maintenance staff to keep the control system that is related to
(Note: The TAB report for the smoke management system the smoke management system adjusted and calibrated. Infor-
should include the original system test procedures for use in mation should include
subsequent periodic inspections.) (a) a completely labeled control piping or wiring sche-
matic, showing point-to-point piping and wiring and
(e) maintenance data that include all necessary informa- including all performance parameters, such as set-
tion required to maintain all equipment in continuous points, throttling ranges, actions, spans, proportional
operation; bands, and other control component adjustment or set-
(f) as-built drawings for the smoke management systems ting data, and locations of pneumatic test ports and
that include all systems, equipment, and controls; and electronic drawings;

ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001) 5


(b) completely labeled elementary electrical and pneu- 8. ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURES
matic ladder diagrams;
8.1 Introduction. This section describes acceptance proce-
(c) sequence of operation (narrative description of control
dures for the smoke management system commissioning pro-
system functions) cross-referenced to the control
cess.
schematics and elementary electrical and pneumatic
ladder diagrams; and 8.2 Prerequisites to Functional Performance Test
(d) specification sheets for each control component. 8.2.1 Prior to functional performance testing of each sys-
7.2.1.3 The commissioning plan should be prepared fol- tem, the commissioning authority should observe and verify
lowing the format described in the contract specifications. It that the physical installation of components and systems
should detail how the commissioning process will be orga- being tested is substantially in accordance with the contract
nized, scheduled, and documented and should include documents.
(a) each individual company's testing team, 8.2.2 Prerequisites should include hydrostatic testing,
(b) a complete list of activities required of the smoke flushing, cleaning, and start-up or activation of equipment
management system and subsystems in the and systems; completion of testing, adjusting, and balancing;
commissioning process, and calibration and test of automatic controls.
(c) a logical sequence plan for each of the activities 8.3 General
involved, and 8.3.1 The functional performance test checklists con-
(d) all forms for all components and systems submitted tained in the approved commissioning plan of the smoke
on a per zone basis. management system should be used to document the results of
7.2.2 Submit the procedures for testing, adjusting, and the functional performance testing process.
balancing, identifying all systems, detailed with specific test- 8.3.2 The functional performance testing process should
ing procedures of each item mentioned in the matrix. be accomplished for all equipment, subsystems, systems, and
system interfaces. There may be several similar pieces of
7.3 Construction Phase Activities
equipment, systems, etc., on a project. All must be tested for
7.3.1 Testing, adjusting, and balancing work must be per- acceptance, and there should be a separate checklist for each
formed on all the HVAC equipment and smoke management to ensure documentation specific to each is complete.
systems prior to commissioning. Operational tests should also
8.3.3 Functional performance testing should progress
be conducted on equipment, duct, and control systems to ver-
from equipment or components through subsystems to com-
ify that pressures and flow rates meet design requirements of
plete systems. Functional performance testing will have to
the smoke management system.
consider sequences of testing, starting with components and
7.3.2 Controls testing and calibration should begin con- progressing toward complete systems. As a result, the causes
current with, and be completed subsequent to, the testing, of any functional problems should be easier to locate and cor-
adjusting, and balancing work of the smoke management sys- rect.
tem. 8.3.4 The specific tests, and the most efficient order of
7.3.3 The commissioning authority should observe and testing, will vary widely depending on the type of system, the
verify all start-up, testing, balancing, and calibration activities number of systems, the sequence of construction, the relation-
as part of the ongoing commissioning process. ship between building systems and specific tenant work, the
degree of interaction between systems, the complexity of the
7.4 Documentation
controls sequence, the impact of system failures on fire or life
7.4.1 Individual components of the smoke management safety, and other factors.
system should be tested for proper operation in response to
automatic and manual activation. They include dampers and 8.4 Equipment and Subsystem Functional Performance
their actuators as well as other required components such as Test. At the end of the process, every mode of system oper-
local controllers and safety devices. All components should ation, all system equipment, components and zones, and
be checked and adjusted as may be required for proper oper- every item in the control sequence description should have
ation and the overall response time required. been proved operational under all normal operational modes,
including part and full load, and under abnormal or emer-
7.4.2 All control devices should be adjusted and cali- gency conditions. Special attention must be given to possible
brated. All control settings should be verified by comparing conflicts among energy management systems, normal mode
actual input and output values to calculated values. safeties, control priorities, and similar requirements.
7.4.3 Testing, adjusting, and balancing work should be
substantially complete with reports submitted prior to the ver- 8.5 Systems Functional Performance Test
ification and acceptance phase. 8.5.1 Each system should be operated through all modes
7.4.4 Training, warranty, special tools, and spare parts of system operation with all zone scenarios tested (e.g., mul-
should be taken into account under the construction phase. tiple alarms versus single alarms). Each system should also be
observed by including all individual interlocks, conditional
7.4.5 Contractor and equipment warranties shall be veri-
control logic, all control sequences, and simulation of any
fied.
abnormal conditions for which there is a specified system or
7.4.6 Special tools and spare parts lists shall be verified. control response (e.g., multiple alarms, fan shutdown, supply
7.4.7 Responsibility of others should be identified. fan shutdown with inlet smoke detector).

6 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)


8.5.2 Temporary upsets of systems, such as distribution operations and maintenance manuals. These manuals, along
fault, control loss, setpoint change, equilibrium upset, and with testing and balancing reports, control diagrams, sche-
component failure, should be imposed at different operating matics, and any other documents required, should be submit-
loads to determine the system's stability and recovery time. ted to the design professional for review. An example of a
commissioning certificate is contained in Appendix C.
8.6 Verification and Documentation
8.6.1 As each individual check or test is accomplished, the 8.11 Operator Training
commissioning authority should observe the physical 8.11.1 The building operator should be on site periodi-
responses of the system and compare them to the specified cally during the construction phase, particularly during start-
requirements to verify the test results. The actual physical up of equipment; testing, adjusting, and balancing; and the
responses of system components must be observed. Reliance entire functional performance testing process.
on control signals or other indirect indicators is not adequate. 8.11.2 Fire department officers should be on site periodi-
The input and output signals for each control component also cally during the construction phase, particularly during start-
need to be observed to confirm they are correct for each phys- up of equipment; testing, adjusting, and balancing; and the
ical condition. entire functional performance testing process.
8.6.2 Verification of the testing, adjusting, and balancing
8.11.3 Training of operators and fire department person-
report should be an integral part of functional performance
nel should provide a complete overview of all equipment,
testing.
components, and systems with an emphasis on
8.6.3 The commissioning authority should record the (a) documentation in the final operations and mainte-
result of each individual check or test on the pre-approved test nance manuals,
and report form from the commissioning plan. An example of (b) how to use the operations and maintenance manuals,
a report format is contained in Appendix C.
(c) system operational procedures for all modes of opera-
8.7 Deferred Functional Performance Test. This test tion,
would only be conducted for a phased project, provided that (d) acceptable tolerances for system adjustments in all
(a) the necessary system certification has been verified operating modes, and
and approved for those portions of the building with (e) procedures for dealing with abnormal conditions and
necessary egress routes for areas that are to be occu- emergency situations for which there is a specified
pied and system response.
(b) sufficient safeguards are in place to protect the occu-
pied portions from the unoccupied portions of the 8.12 Final Acceptance. When requirements of the com-
building. missioning plan have been completed and satisfactorily doc-
umented and required documentation has been completed,
8.7.1 If any check or test cannot be accomplished for sea-
submitted to the design professional, and accepted, the com-
sonal reasons, lack of occupancy, or other reasons, this fact
missioning authority should recommend final acceptance of
should be noted along with an indication of when the test will
the smoke management system.
be scheduled.
8.7.2 If any check or test cannot be accomplished due to 9. POST-ACCEPTANCE PHASE
building structure or other building system deficiencies, these
deficiencies should be resolved and corrected by the appro- 9.1 Introduction. Post-acceptance commissioning is a crit-
priate parties before completion of the smoke management ical step in ensuring the effective, ongoing functioning of a
system commissioning process. facility's smoke management system. As the use and func-
8.7.3 Every check or test for which acceptable perfor- tions of facilities change, smoke management systems need to
mance was not achieved should be repeated after the neces- be adapted to the changing requirements of occupancy and
sary corrective measures have been completed. This retesting utilization. It is necessary to maintain a history of the facility,
process should be repeated until acceptable performance is recording changes and verifying the effect on the previously
achieved. commissioned system.

8.8 Corrective Measures. If acceptable performance can- 9.2 Post-Acceptance Commissioning


not be achieved, then the necessary corrective measures Procedure Documentation
should be carried out. The design professional should issue 9.2.1 “As built” documents must be reviewed to reflect
appropriate directions in this regard. modifications made to any part of the facility or smoke man-
agement system.
8.9 Intersystem Functional Performance Tests
8.9.1 When the functional performance of all individual 9.2.2 Any change in use, installed equipment, loads, or
systems has been proved, the interface or coordinated occupancy must be carefully monitored and documented.
responses between systems should be checked. 9.2.3 Maintenance procedures for periodically verifying
8.9.2 The approach to intersystem performance testing the detection system and assuring that the smoke management
should follow that previously described for systems. system is still operating as designed should be established.

8.10 Acceptance Documentation. A copy of the smoke 9.3 Facility Alterations


management system commissioning plan and functional per- 9.3.1 Notify the facility operator authorities having
formance test results should be included with each copy of the jurisdiction and the fire department of alterations planned.

ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001) 7


9.3.2 Evaluate the impact of planned alterations to the A1.1 Design Intent. This should include discussion
smoke management system. regarding such aspects as

9.3.3 Update “as built” documentation, including com- • smoke control between floors,
missioning reports, to reflect alterations. • smoke control into stairs,
• smoke control into elevator shafts,
9.4 Maintenance Program
• venting floor areas,
9.4.1 Regularly maintain and service management sys- • smoke control into atria,
tems and equipment. Follow maintenance manuals and keep
accurate records of work done. • smoke control from an atrium into contiguous floors,
• venting an atrium, and
9.4.2 Retest system periodically to measure the actual
performance. System Functional Performance Test checklists • smoke control between horizontal zones.
used in the acceptance phase should be a guide for retesting. A1.2 Performance Criteria. These should include discus-
9.4.3 Develop and maintain a standard method of record- sion regarding such aspects as
ing • code requirements,
(a) maintenance and tests of the smoke management sys- • exhaust capacities,
tem, • supply capacities,
(b) its operation, • pressure differentials,
(c) incidents that cause its actuation, • relationship between relevant zones as to both static
pressure differences and airflow between them,
(d) discrepancies between predicted performance and
actual performance, and • door-opening forces, and
• air speeds.
(e) an analysis of the maintenance and tests of the smoke
management system and its operation. A1.3 Design Assumptions. This information should
9.4.4 Record and correct discrepancies between predicted include such aspects as
performance and actual performance and/or an analysis of the • building construction leakages (e.g., shafts, closures),
maintenance and tests of the smoke management system and • damper leakage,
its operation and incidents that cause its activation.
• temperatures, and
• wind velocities.
10. REFERENCES
A1.4 System Description/Operation. This should include
1. ASHRAE Guideline 1-1996, The HVAC Comissioning
• major components (equipment list);
Process, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Cir- • exhaust fan activation, location, and size;
cle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329. 1996. • supply fan activation, location, and size;
2. ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Condi- • limit and flow switches; and
tioning, and Refrigeration, 2d ed., ASHRAE, 1991. • controls sequencing (BAS operation).
3. UL Standard 555S-1999, Standard for Smoke Dampers,
A2 Drawings
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road,
Northbrook, IL 60062. 1999. A2.1 HVAC
4. UL Standard 555-1999, Standard for Fire Dampers,
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, A2.2 Block Diagram of Elements
Northbrook, IL 60062. 1999. A2.3 Control Diagrams
A3 Schedules
(This appendix is not part of this guideline but is
included for information only.) A3.1 Position of Each Element (e.g., fan, damper)

APPENDIX A • Normal
• Alarm
SYSTEM INFORMATION REQUIRED
A3.2 Alarm Inputs Initiating Sequence Automatically
A1 Written System Design Information
A3.3 Manual Operating Sequences
The following identifies the information necessary to
understand the system and its intent, design assumptions, and A3.4 Elements That Must Make Position Switch Prior to
operation. Fan Operation
8 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
(This appendix is not part of this guideline but is included for information only.)
APPENDIX B

Smoke Management System (SMS) Commissioning Process Phases

5. Pre-Design 6. Design 7. Construction 8. Acceptance 9. Post-Acceptance

Set requirements Outline scope of design


requirements

5.2.1 Review project pro- 6.4 Describe system 7.1.2 Witness all oper- 8.2.1 Verify installa- 9.1 Maintain facility
gram ational testing tion of all related history
components and sys-
tems

5.2.2 Documentation 6.5 Detail commission- 7.1.3 Direct training of 8.3.1 Execute perfor- 9.3.2 Evaluate
ing plan operations and main- mance test and verifi- planned alterations
tenance personnel cation

6.6 Set requirements for 7.1.4 Direct training of 8.10 Submit 9.3.3 Update “as
parties involved fire department per- commissioning docu- built” documents
sonnel mentation including
results

6.7 Set procedures for 7.2 Review all related 8.11 Train operators 9.4.1 Maintain and
performance test and submittals service system
verification

6.8 Prepare commission- 7.3 Confirm controls 9.4.2 Retest periodi-


ing documentation checkout and testing, cally
adjusting, and balanc-
ing work is completed
and reports submitted

9.4.3 Document
maintenance and inci-
dents of activation

9.4.4 Investigate
discrepancies in acti-
vation reports

ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001) 9


(This appendix is not part of this guideline but is included for information only.)
APPENDIX C
SAMPLE REPORT FORMS

10 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)


ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001) 11
12 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN
FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES

ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’s
members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems and
components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with accepted
standards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor and
outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and other
responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure,
continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those new
and revised standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material is
systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and will seek
out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards and
guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system’s
intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scope
operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energy
transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made by
its members.

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