ASHRAE-Guideline 5-2001 Smoke Management
ASHRAE-Guideline 5-2001 Smoke Management
ASHRAE-Guideline 5-2001 Smoke Management
ASHRAE
GUIDELINE
Commissioning
Smoke Management
Systems
SPECIAL NOTE
This Guideline was developed under the auspices of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE). ASHRAE Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifying a guideline for the design, testing, appli-
cation, or evaluation of a specific product, concept, or practice. As a guideline it is not definitive but encompasses areas where there
may be a variety of approaches, none of which must be precisely correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are written to assist professionals in the
area of concern and expertise of ASHRAE’s Technical Committees and Task Groups.
ASHRAE Guidelines are prepared by project committees appointed specifically for the purpose of writing Guidelines. The
project committee chair and vice-chair must be members of the ASHRAE; while other members of the project committee may or may
not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Guideline.
Development of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedures similar to those for ASHRAE Standards except that (a) committee
balance is desired but not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consensus is not required, (c) guidelines are not
appealable, and (d) guidelines are not submitted to ANSI for approval.
The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for
a. interpretation of the contents of this Guideline,
b. participation in the next review of the Guideline,
c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Guideline,
d. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.
DISCLAIMER
ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available
information and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or
performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards
or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.
acceptable performance: a component or system able to meet smoke control mode: a predefined operational configuration
specified design parameters under actual load. of a system or device for the purpose of smoke control.
authority having jurisdiction: the organization, office, or smoke control system: an engineered system that uses
individual responsible for “approving” equipment, an instal- mechanical fans to produce airflows and pressure differences
lation, or a procedure. across barriers to limit smoke movement.
commissioning authority: the qualified person, company, or smoke control zone: a space within a building enclosed by
agency that will plan and carry out the overall commissioning smoke barriers, including the top and bottom, that is a part of
process. There are many options as to which party to the a zoned smoke control system.
commissioning process will be the “authority.” The design
professional, contractor, independent commissioning agency, smoke damper: an approved opening protection device
or owner may be the commissioning authority. designed to resist the passage of air or smoke that meets the
requirements of UL Standard 555S-1983, Leakage Rated
commissioning plan: the overall document that outlines the Dampers for Use in Smoke Control Systems,3 designed to
organization, scheduling, allocation of resources, documen- resist the passage of air or smoke. A combination fire and
tation, etc., pertaining to the overall commissioning process. smoke damper should also meet the requirements of UL Stan-
dard 555-1990, Fire Dampers.4
design professional: the architect, architect-engineer, or engi-
neer responsible for the design and preparation of contract smoke exhaust system: a mechanical or gravity system
documents for the smoke management systems. intended to move smoke from the smoke zone to the exterior
2 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
of the building, including smoke removal, purging, and vent- 5.2.1.2 Review the project program to determine that
ing systems, as well as the function of exhaust fans used to life safety and property protection issues have been
reduce the pressure in a smoke zone. addressed.
5.2.1.3 Review the documentation described in 5.2.2.
smoke management system: an engineered system that 5.2.2 Documentation
includes all methods that can be used singly or in combination
5.2.2.1 Document the objectives and the relationship of
to modify smoke movement.
the smoke management system to the overall fire protection
and life safety strategies.
smoke zone: the smoke control zone in which the fire is
located. 5.2.2.2 Document the smoke management system and
its subsystems.
stack effect: the vertical airflow within buildings caused by 5.2.2.3 Document smoke management requirements for
temperature differences between the building interior and each occupancy, area, zone, hazard, or similar circumstance.
exterior. 5.2.2.4 Identify all applicable code requirements and
jurisdictions having authority.
tenable environment: an environment in which the charac- 5.2.2.5 Identify pertinent standards and practices as they
teristics, quantity, and location of smoke are limited or other- relate to smoke control.
wise restricted to allow for ready evacuation through the 5.2.2.6 Identify tests required by code.
space. Maintenance of a tenable environment in the smoke
5.2.2.7 Document roles and responsibilities of all par-
zone is not within the capability of zoned smoke control.
ties during all phases of the smoke management system
commissioning process.
zoned smoke control: a smoke control system that includes
smoke exhaust for the smoke zone and pressurization for all 5.2.2.8 Prepare a written report defining design assump-
contiguous smoke control zones. The remaining smoke tions and performance standards of the proposed smoke man-
control zones in the building also may be pressurized. agement system, the most appropriate conceptual approach,
and requirements of the system.
5. PRE-DESIGN PHASE
6. DESIGN PHASE
The smoke management system commissioning process
6.1 Introduction. The objective of this section is to outline
begins with the pre-design phase.
the scope of design requirements for a smoke management
5.1 Objectives. The objectives are: system constructed with a comprehensive commissioning
(a) To set parameters, responsibilities, and documentation process to comply with the requirements of the project pro-
for all phases of commissioning smoke management gram.
systems; ensure that project team members are made
aware of these requirements; and set a framework for 6.2 Scope of the Design Phase. The design documents
commissioning during all phases. Each local code should include detailed requirements for smoke management
requires specific types of systems and testing. All system commissioning and the integration with other building
local code requirements should be reviewed at this systems that affect the performance of the smoke manage-
stage to assure compliance. ment system as follows:
(b) To document basic data from which to develop the (a) design criteria and assumptions;
design and benchmark information with which to (b) description of the smoke management system and
evaluate final performance, including occupancy intended operation and performance including control
requirements, design assumptions, building construc- matrix and control schematics with each piece of
tion, building zoning, and building utilization. equipment identified;
(c) commissioning plan that includes
5.2 Planning Procedure. This section describes activities 1. commissioning team description,
and provides instructions about what should be written in the 2. specific test procedures and acceptance criteria
commissioning brief forming a section of the project pro- properly linked to specific testing methods that
gram. appropriately relate to the system's design intent,
5.2.1 Review of the Project Program. The commission- 3. time frame in the project when the tests will be
ing authority should only require the designer to provide a scheduled, and
project program, not evaluate or judge the existing one. 4. how a certificate of occupancy will be obtained
5.2.1.1 The project program should be fully docu- and who will sign off on the certificate of occu-
mented by the system designer. This documentation should be pancy;
a complete systems description of design values, event (d) documentation requirements based on
matrix, and commissioning sequence. While it may not assign 1. how the testing can be accomplished and
specific contractual duties to the variety of subparties, it 2. requirements of the local codes;
should be comprehensive in its description of requirements. (e) verification protocol for each test procedure of
See Appendix A. 1. duct and damper installation conformance to stan-
9.3.3 Update “as built” documentation, including com- • smoke control between floors,
missioning reports, to reflect alterations. • smoke control into stairs,
• smoke control into elevator shafts,
9.4 Maintenance Program
• venting floor areas,
9.4.1 Regularly maintain and service management sys- • smoke control into atria,
tems and equipment. Follow maintenance manuals and keep
accurate records of work done. • smoke control from an atrium into contiguous floors,
• venting an atrium, and
9.4.2 Retest system periodically to measure the actual
performance. System Functional Performance Test checklists • smoke control between horizontal zones.
used in the acceptance phase should be a guide for retesting. A1.2 Performance Criteria. These should include discus-
9.4.3 Develop and maintain a standard method of record- sion regarding such aspects as
ing • code requirements,
(a) maintenance and tests of the smoke management sys- • exhaust capacities,
tem, • supply capacities,
(b) its operation, • pressure differentials,
(c) incidents that cause its actuation, • relationship between relevant zones as to both static
pressure differences and airflow between them,
(d) discrepancies between predicted performance and
actual performance, and • door-opening forces, and
• air speeds.
(e) an analysis of the maintenance and tests of the smoke
management system and its operation. A1.3 Design Assumptions. This information should
9.4.4 Record and correct discrepancies between predicted include such aspects as
performance and actual performance and/or an analysis of the • building construction leakages (e.g., shafts, closures),
maintenance and tests of the smoke management system and • damper leakage,
its operation and incidents that cause its activation.
• temperatures, and
• wind velocities.
10. REFERENCES
A1.4 System Description/Operation. This should include
1. ASHRAE Guideline 1-1996, The HVAC Comissioning
• major components (equipment list);
Process, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Cir- • exhaust fan activation, location, and size;
cle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329. 1996. • supply fan activation, location, and size;
2. ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Condi- • limit and flow switches; and
tioning, and Refrigeration, 2d ed., ASHRAE, 1991. • controls sequencing (BAS operation).
3. UL Standard 555S-1999, Standard for Smoke Dampers,
A2 Drawings
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road,
Northbrook, IL 60062. 1999. A2.1 HVAC
4. UL Standard 555-1999, Standard for Fire Dampers,
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, A2.2 Block Diagram of Elements
Northbrook, IL 60062. 1999. A2.3 Control Diagrams
A3 Schedules
(This appendix is not part of this guideline but is
included for information only.) A3.1 Position of Each Element (e.g., fan, damper)
APPENDIX A • Normal
• Alarm
SYSTEM INFORMATION REQUIRED
A3.2 Alarm Inputs Initiating Sequence Automatically
A1 Written System Design Information
A3.3 Manual Operating Sequences
The following identifies the information necessary to
understand the system and its intent, design assumptions, and A3.4 Elements That Must Make Position Switch Prior to
operation. Fan Operation
8 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
(This appendix is not part of this guideline but is included for information only.)
APPENDIX B
5.2.1 Review project pro- 6.4 Describe system 7.1.2 Witness all oper- 8.2.1 Verify installa- 9.1 Maintain facility
gram ational testing tion of all related history
components and sys-
tems
5.2.2 Documentation 6.5 Detail commission- 7.1.3 Direct training of 8.3.1 Execute perfor- 9.3.2 Evaluate
ing plan operations and main- mance test and verifi- planned alterations
tenance personnel cation
6.6 Set requirements for 7.1.4 Direct training of 8.10 Submit 9.3.3 Update “as
parties involved fire department per- commissioning docu- built” documents
sonnel mentation including
results
6.7 Set procedures for 7.2 Review all related 8.11 Train operators 9.4.1 Maintain and
performance test and submittals service system
verification
9.4.3 Document
maintenance and inci-
dents of activation
9.4.4 Investigate
discrepancies in acti-
vation reports
ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’s
members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems and
components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with accepted
standards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor and
outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and other
responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure,
continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those new
and revised standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material is
systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and will seek
out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards and
guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system’s
intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scope
operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energy
transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made by
its members.