POWER ELECTRONICS AND SIMULATION

LABORATORY MANUAL

Subject Code : R17A0285

Regulations : R17
Class : III Year II Semester (EEE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

NAME: __________________________________________

H.NO:___________________________________________

YEAR__________SEM____________

FACULTY INCHARGE

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 POWER ELECTRONICS AND SIMULATION
LABORATORY MANUAL

Subject Code : R17A0285

Regulations : R17
Class : III Year II Semester (EEE)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

Prepared
By

Dr.N.KAMALAMOORTHY, Professor
I .RAJASHEKAR, Assistant Professor

MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institution – UGC, Govt. of India)
Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – ‘A’ Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified)
Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Kompally), Secunderabad – 500100, Telangana State, India

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 PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)
Engineering Graduates will be able to:
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design / development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis
of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant
to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi disciplinary environments.
12. Life- long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

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 MALLA REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

III B.Tech EEE II SEM L T/P/D C

- -/3/- 2

(R17A0285) POWER ELECTRONICS AND SIMULATION LABORATORY

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The student will understand:
 The characteristics of power electronic devices with gate firing circuits various forced
commutation techniques.
 The operation of single-phase voltage controller, converters and Inverters circuits with R and RL
loads. Analyze the TPS7A4901, TPS7A8300 and TPS54160 buck regulators.

Part – A

The following experiments are required to be conducted compulsory experiments:

1. Study of Characteristics of SCR, MOSFET & IGBT
2. Single Phase Half controlled converter with R load
3. Single Phase fully controlled bridge converter with R and RL loads
4. Three Phase half controlled bridge converter with R load
5. Single Phase AC Voltage Controller with R and RL Loads
6. Single Phase Cyclo converters with R and RL loads
7. Single Phase series inverter with R and RL loads
8. DC Jones chopper with R and RL Loads
Part – B

In addition to the above experiments, at least any two of the following experiments
are required to be conducted from the following list.
1. Single-phase full converter using RLE loads and single-phase AC voltage controller using RLE
loads using PSPICE.
2. Resonant pulse commutation circuit and Buck chopper using PSPICE.
3. Single phase Inverter with PWM control using PSPICE
4. Single Phase dual converter with RL loads
5. Single Phase Mc-Murray converter with R and RL loads
6. Gate firing circuits for SCR’s
7. Single Phase Parallel inverter with R and RL loads

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After completion of this course, the student is able to
 Understand the operating principles of various power electronic converters.
 Use power electronic simulation packages& hardware to develop the power converters.
 Analyze and choose the appropriate converters for various applications.

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 INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
 Before entering the lab the student should carry the following things.
o Identity card issued by the college.
o Class notes
o Lab observation book
o Lab Manual
o Lab Record
 Student must sign in and sign out in the register provided when attending the lab session without
fail.
 Come to the laboratory in time. Students, who are late more than 15 min., will not be allowed to
attend the lab.
 Students need to maintain 100% attendance in lab if not a strict action will be taken.
 All students must follow a Dress Code while in the laboratory
 Foods, drinks are NOT allowed.
 All bags must be left at the indicated place.
 The objective of the laboratory is learning. The experiments are designed to illustrate
phenomena in different areas of Physics and to expose you to measuring instruments, conduct
the experiments with interest and an attitude of learning
 You need to come well prepared for the experiment.
 Work quietly and carefully
 Be honest in recording and representing your data.
 If a particular reading appears wrong repeat the measurement carefully, to get a better fit for a
graph
 All presentations of data, tables and graphs calculations should be neatly and carefully done
 Graphs should be neatly drawn with pencil. Always label graphs and the axes and display units.
 If you finish early, spend the remaining time to complete the calculations and drawing graphs.
Come equipped with calculator, scales, pencils etc.
 Do not fiddle with apparatus. Handle instruments with care. Report any breakage to the
Instructor. Return all the equipment you have signed out for the purpose of your experiment.

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 SPECIFIC SAFETY RULES FOR POWER ELECTRONICS AND
SIMULATION LABORATORY

 You must not damage or tamper with the equipment or leads.

 You should inspect laboratory equipment for visible damage before using it. If there is a
problem with a piece of equipment, report it to the technician or lecturer. DONOT return
equipment to a storage area
 You should not work on circuits where the supply voltage exceeds 40 volts without very
specific approval from your lab supervisor. If you need to work on such circuits, you should
contact your supervisor for approval and instruction on how to do this safely before
commencing the work.
 Always use an appropriate stand for holding your soldering iron.
 Turn off your soldering iron if it is unlikely to be used for more than 10 minutes.
 Never leave a hot soldering iron unattended.
 Never touch a soldering iron element or bit unless the iron has been disconnected from the
mains and has had adequate time to cool down.
 Never strip insulation from a wire with your teeth or a knife, always use an appropriate wire
stripping tool.
 Shield wire with your hands when cutting it with a pliers to prevent bits of wire flying about
the bench.

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 INDEX
S. PG.
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT MARKS SIGNATURE
NO NO.
1 Study of characteristics of SCR, MOSFET & IGBT
Single Phase Half controlled converter with R load
2
Single Phase fully controlled bridge converter with R and
3 RL loads

Three Phase half controlled bridge converter with R‐load

4
Single Phase AC Voltage Controller with R and RL Loads
5

6 Single Phase Cycloconverters with R and RL loads

Single Phase series inverter with R and RL loads
7
DC Jones chopper with R and RL Loads
8
Single-phase full converter using RLE loads and single-
9
phase AC voltage controller using RLE loads using PSPICE
Resonant pulse commutation circuit and Buck chopper using
10 PSPICE.

Single phase Inverter with PWM control using PSPICE

11
Single Phase dual converter with RL loads
12
Single Phase Mc-Murray converter with R and RL loads
13
Gate firing circuits for SCR’s
14
Single Phase Parallel inverter with R and RL loads
15

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 EXPERIMENT – 1(A)
STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR, MOSFET & IGBT

SCR CHARACTERISTICS

AIM:

To plot the V - I Characteristics of SCR, MOSFET & IGBT.

APPARATUS:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 SCR characteristics Trainer - - 1
2 Patch chords - -
3 DC Voltmeter - Digital 1
4 DC Ammeter - Digital 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Study of Characteristics of SCR

PROCEDURE:
V - I CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Initially keep VG & VA at minimum position and R1 & R2 maximum position.
3. Adjust Gate current Ig to some constant by varying the VG or RG.
4. Now slowly vary VAand observe Anode to Cathode voltage VAK and Anode current IA.
5. Tabulate the readings of Anode to Cathode voltage VAK and Anode current IA.
6. Repeat the above procedure for different Gate current Ig.

GATE TRIGGRING AND FINDING VG AND IG:- 8|Page

1. Keep all positions at minimum.

 2. Set Anode to Cathode voltage VAK to some volts say 15V.
3. Now slowly vary the VG voltage till the SCR triggers and note down the reading of gate
current(IG) and Gate Cathode voltage(VGK) and rise of anode current IA.
4. Repeat the same for different Anode to Cathode voltage and find VAK and I G values.

TO FIND LATCHING CURRENT:

1. Keep R2 at middle position.

2. Apply 20V to the Anode to cathode by varying V2.
3. Rise the Vg voltage by varying VG till the device turns ON indicated by sudden rise in I A.
At what current SCR trigger it is the minimum gate current required to turn ON the SCR.
4. Now set RA at maximum position, then SCR turns OFF, if it is not turned off reduce V A
up to turn off the device and put the gate voltage.
5. Now decrease the R A slowly, to increase the Anode current gradually in steps.
6. At each and every step, put OFF and ON the gate voltage switches VG. If the Anode
current is greater than the latching current of the device, the device says ON even after
switch OFF S1, otherwise device goes to blocking mode as soon as the gate switch is put
OFF.
7. If IA>IL then, the device remains in ON state and note that anode current as latching current.
8. Take small steps to get accurate latching current value.
TO FIND HOLDING CURRENT:
1. Now increase load current from latching current level by varying R A & VA.
2. Switch OFF the gate voltage switch S1 permanently (now the device is in ON state).
3. Now increase load resistance(R2), so that anode current reducing, at some anode current
the device goes to turn off .Note that anode current as holding current.
4. Take small steps to get accurate holding current value.
5. Observe that IH<IL.

TABULAR COLUMN:

IG= Amps IG= Amps

S. No VAK S. No
IA (Amps) VAK (Volts) IA (Amps)
(Volts)
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

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 VAK = (Volts) VAK = (Volts)
S. No S. No
VGK = IG= VGK = IG=
( Volts) (Amps) Volts Amps
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

MODEL GRAPH:

V- I Characteristics of SCR

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is a Thyristor? Draw the structure of an SCR?

2. What are the different methods of turning on an SCR?
3. What is Forward break over voltage? Reverse break over voltage?
4. What are modes of working of an SCR?
5. Draw the V-I characteristics of SCR.
6. Differentiate between holding and latching currents.
7. Why is dv /dt technique not used for triggering?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Why is Vbo greater than Vbr?

2. Why does high power dissipation occur in reverse blocking mode?
3. Why shouldn’t positive gate signal be applied during reverse blocking Mode?
4. Explain reverse current Irev..
5. What happens when gate drive is applied?
6. Why should the gate signal be removed after turn on?
7. Is a gate signal required when reverse biased?
8. What are applications of SCR?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

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 EXPERIMENT – 1(B)
MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS
AIM:
To study the output and transfer characteristics of MOSFET

APPARATUS:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 MOSFET characteristics Trainer
2 Patch chords
3 DC Voltmeter
4 DC Ammeter

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Study of Characteristics of MOSFET

PROCEDURE:
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Initially keep V1 & V2 at minimum position and R1 & R2 middle position.
3. Set VDS to some say 10V.
4. Slowly vary Gate source voltage VGS by varying V1.
5. Note down ID and VGS readings for each step.
6. Repeat above procedure for 20V & 30V of VDS. Draw Graph between ID & VGS.

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 OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

1. Initially set VGS to some value say 3V by varying V1.

2. Slowly vary V2 and note down ID and VDS.
3. At particular value of VGS there a pinch off voltage between drain and source.
If VDS< VP device works in the constant resistance region and I O is directly proportional to
VDS. If VDS>VP device works in the constant current region.
4. Repeat above procedure for different values of VGS and draw graph between ID VS VDS.

TABULAR COLUMN:

VGS = VOLTS VGS = VOLTS

S. No. VDS S. No
(Volts) ID (Amps) VDS (Volts) ID (Amps)
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

VDS= (Volts) VDS = (Volts)

S. No S. No
VGS (V) ID(A) VGS (V) ID(A)
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

MODEL GRAPH:

Transfer Characteristic of MOSFET Output Characteristics of MOSFET

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are MOSFET’s?
2. Draw the symbol of MOSFET.
3. What is the difference between MOSFET and BJT?
4. What is the difference between JFET and MOSFET?
5. Draw the structure of MOSFET.
6. What are the types of MOSFET?
7. What is the difference between depletion and enhancement MOSFET?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. How does n - drift region affect MOSFET?

2. How MOSFET are suitable for low power high frequency applications?
3. What are the requirements of gate drive in MOSFET?
4. Draw the switching model of MOSFET.
5. What is rise time and fall time?
6. In which region does the MOSFET used as a switch?
7. Why are MOSFET’s mainly used for low power applications?
8. How is MOSFET turned off?
9. What are the advantages of vertical structure of MOSFET?
10. What are the merits of MOSFET?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

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 EXPERIMENT – 1(C)
IGBT CHARACTERISTICS

AIM:To study the output and transfer characteristics of IGBT.

APPARATUS:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 IGBT characteristics Trainer

2 Patch chords

3 DC Voltmeter

4 DC Ammeter

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Study of Characteristics IGBT

PROCEDURE:
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Initially keep V1 & V2 at minimum position and R1 & R2 middle position.
3. Set VCE to some say 10V.
4. Slowly vary Gate Emitter voltage VGE by varying V1.
5. Note down IC and VGE readings for each step.
6. Repeat above procedure for 20V & 25V of VDS. Draw Graph between ID & VGS.

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OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:

1. Initially set VGE to some value say 5V by varying V1.

2. Slowly vary V2 and note down I C and VCE readings.
3. At particular value of VGS there a pinch off voltage VP between Collector and Emitter.
If VCE< VP device works in the constant resistance region and I C is directly proportional to
VCE. If VCE>VP device works in the constant current region.
4. Repeat above procedure for different values of VGE and draw graph between IC VS VGE.

TABULAR COLUMN:

VCE = VCE
S. No Volts S. No =Volts
VGE VGE
(Volts) IC (Amps) (Volts) IC (Amps)
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

VGE= (Volts) VGE = (Volts)

S. No S. No
VCE IC(Amps) VCE IC(Amps)
(Volts) (Volts)
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

MODEL GRAPH:

Transfer Characteristics of IGBT Output Characteristics of IGBT

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is IGBT? What is the difference between an IGBT and SCR?
2. In what way IGBT is more advantageous than BJT and MOSFET?
3. Draw the symbol of IGBT.
4. Draw the equivalent circuit of IGBT.
5. What are on state conduction losses? How is it low in IGBT?
6. What is second breakdown phenomenon?
7. What is switching speed of IGBT?
8. Can we observe the transfer and collector characteristics of IGBT on CRO?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are merits of IGBT?

2. What are demerits of IGBT?
3. What are the applications of IGBT’s?
4. Why silicon used in all power semiconductor devices and why not? Germanium?
5. What is pinch off voltage?
6. What is threshold voltage?

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RESULT:

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SIGNATURE OF FACULTY
 EXPERIMENT – 2
SINGLE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER

AIM:
To study the single phase half controlled bridge converter with R & RL Load.

APPARATUS:

S.
Equipment Range Type Quantity
No
Single phase half controlled bridge converter power
1
circuit and firing circuit
2 CRO with deferential MODEL
3 Patch chords and probes
4 Isolation Transformer
5 Variable Rheostat
6 Inductor
7 DC Voltmeter
8 DC Ammeter

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit Diagram of Single Phase Half Controlled Bridge Converter

PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect first 30V AC supply from Isolation Transformer to circuit.
3. Connect firing pulses from firing circuit to Thyristors as indication in circuit.
4. Connect resistive load 200Ω / 5A to load terminals and switch ON the MCB and IRS
switch and trigger output ON switch.

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 5. Connect CRO probes and observe waveforms in CRO, Ch-1 or Ch-2, across load and
device in single phase half controlled bridge converter.
6. By varying firing angle gradually up to 1800 and observe related waveforms.
7. Measure output voltage and current by connecting AC voltmeter & Ammeter.
8. Tabulate all readings for various firing angles.
9. For RL Load connect a large inductance load in series with Resistance and observe all
waveforms and readings as same as above.
10. Observe the various waveforms at different points in circuit by varying the Resistive Load
and Inductive Load.
11. Calculate the output voltage and current by theoretically and compare with it practically
obtained values.
TABULAR COLUMN:

Input Firing Output voltage (V0) Output Current (I0)

S. No Voltage angle in
(V in) Degrees Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
1
2
3
4
5
6

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

V0 = (√2V / ∏) * (1+Cos α)
I0 = (√2V / ∏R) * (1+Cos α)
α = Firing Angle
V = RMS Value across transformer output

MODEL GRAPH:

Output Wave Forms of Single Phase Half Controlled Bridge Converter

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the delay angle control of converters?

2. What is natural or line commutation?
3. What is the principle of phase control?
4. What is extinction angle?
5. Can a freewheeling diode be used in this circuit and justify the reason?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is conduction angle?

2. What are the effects of adding freewheeling diode in this circuit?
3. What are the effects of removing the freewheeling diode in single phase semi converter?
4. Why is the power factor of semi converters better than that of full converters?
5. What is the inversion mode of converters?

RESULT

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

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 EXPERIMENT – 3
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R AND RL
LOADS

AIM:

To study the single phase fully controlled bridge converter with R & RL Load.

APPARATUS:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

Single phase full controlled bridge converter power
1
circuit and firing circuit
2 CRO with deferential MODEL
3 Patch chords and probes
4 Isolation Transformer
5 Variable Rheostat
6 Inductor
7 DC Voltmeter
8 DC Ammeter

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Single Phase Fully Controlled Bridge Converter

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PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect firstly 30V AC supply from Isolation Transformer to circuit.
3. Connect firing pulses from firing circuit to Thyristors as indication in circuit.
4. Connect resistive load 200Ω / 5A to load terminals and switch ON the MCB and IRS
switch and trigger output ON switch.
5. Connect CRO probes and observe waveforms in CRO across load and device in single
phase fully controlled bridge converter.
6. By varying firing angle gradually up to 1800 and observe related waveforms.
7. Measure output voltage and current by connecting AC voltmeter & Ammeter.
8. Tabulate all readings for various firing angles.
9. For RL Load connect a large inductance load in series with Resistance and observe all
waveforms and readings as same as above.
10. Observe the various waveforms at different points in circuit by varying the Resistive Load
and Inductive Load.
11. Calculate the output voltage and current by theoretically and compare with it practically
obtained values.

TABULAR COLUMN:

S. Input Voltage Firing angle Output voltage (V0) Output Current (I0)
No (Vin) in Degrees Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
1
2
3
4
5
6

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

For R-L Load: For R Load:

V0 = (2√2V/∏) * Cos α V0 = (√2V/∏) * (1+Cos α)

I0 = (2√2V/∏R) * Cos α I0 = (√2V /∏R) * (1+Cosα)
α = Firing Angle
V = RMS Value across transformer output

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MODEL GRAPH:

Single Phase Fully Controlled Bridge Converter

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What will happen if the firing angle is greater than 90 degrees?
2. What are the performance parameters of rectifier?
3. What is the difference between half wave and full wave rectifier?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. If firing angle is greater than 90 degrees, the inverter circuit formed is called as?
2. What is DC output voltage of single phase full wave controller?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY
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 EXPERIMENT – 4
THREE PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R LOAD

AIM:
To study the three phase half controlled bridge converter with R load.

APPARATUS:

S.
Equipment Range Type Quantity
No
Three phase half controlled bridge converter power
1
circuit and firing circuit
2 CRO with deferential MODEL

3 Patch chords and probes

4 Three phase transformer

5 Rheostat
6 DC Voltmeter

7 DC Ammeter

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Half Controlled bridge converter with R load

PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect firstly 3 phase AC supply from three phase transformer to circuit.
3. Connect firing pulses from firing circuit to Thyristors as indication in circuit.

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 4. Connect resistive load 200Ω / 5A to load terminals and switch ON the MCB and IRS
switch and trigger output ON switch.
5. Connect CRO probes and observe waveforms in CRO across load and device in three
phase half controlled bridge converter.
6. By varying firing angle gradually up to 1800 and observe related waveforms.
7. Measure output voltage and current by connecting DC voltmeter & Ammeter.
8. Tabulate all readings for various firing angles.
9. Calculate the output voltage and current by theoretically and compare with it practically
obtained values.

TABULAR COLUMN:

Firing Output voltage (V0) Output Current (I0)

Input Voltage
S. No Angle in
(Vin) Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
Degrees
1
2
3
4
5
6

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

Vo = 3 Vml*(1+cosα)/2π Io = 3 Vml*(1+cosα)/2πR
α= firing angle
Vml = line to line voltage

MODEL GRAPHS:

Input and output wave forms of a three phase half controlled bridge converter

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS
1. A converter which can operate in both 3 pulse and six pulse modes is?
2. What is the interval for SCRs triggering in three phase semi converter?
3. What is the interval for SCRs triggering in three phase full converter?
4. What is the function of freewheeling diode in three phase converters?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS

5. What are the advantages of three phase half controlled converters?
6. Which quadrant operation is possible with three phase half controlled converter?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

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 EXPERIMENT – 5
SINGLE PHASE A.C. VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

AIM:

To study the single phase AC voltage controller with R and RL Load

APPARATUS:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

Single phase AC voltage controller power
1
circuit and firing circuit
2 CRO with deferential MODEL
3 Patch chords and probes
4 Isolation Transformer
5 Variable Rheostat
6 Inductor
7 AC Voltmeter
8 AC Ammeter

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Single Phase AC Voltage Controller with Thyristors

Single Phase AC Voltage Controller with Traic

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PROCEDURE:
AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER WITH TWO THYRISTORS:
1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Connect firstly 30V AC supply from Isolation Transformer to circuit.
3. Connect firing pulses from firing circuit to Thyristors as indication in circuit.
4. Connect resistive load 200Ω / 5A to load terminals and switch ON the MCB and IRS
switch and trigger output ON switch.
5. Observe waveforms in CRO, across load by varying firing angle gradually up to 1800.
6. Measure output voltage and current by connecting AC voltmeter & Ammeter.
7. Tabulate all readings for various firing angles.
8. For RL Load connect a large inductance load in series with Resistance and observe all
waveforms and readings as same as above.
9. Observe the various waveforms at different points in circuit by varying the Resistive Load
and Inductive Load.
10. Calculate the output voltage and current by theoretically and compare with it practically
obtained values.

A.C. VOLTAGE CONTROLLER WITH TRIAC:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect firstly 30V AC supply from Isolation Transformer to circuit.

3. Connect firing pulse from firing circuit to TRIAC as indication in circuit.

4. Connect resistive load 200Ω / 5A to load terminals and switch ON the MCB and IRS
switch and trigger output ON switch.

5. Observe waveforms in CRO, across load by varying firing angle gradually up to 1800.

6. Measure output voltage and current by connecting AC voltmeter & Ammeter.

7. Tabulate all readings for various firing angles.

8. For RL Load connect a large inductance load in series with Resistance and observe all
waveforms and readings as same as above.

9. Observe the various waveforms at different points in circuit by varying the Resistive Load
and Inductive Load.

10. Calculate the output voltage and current by theoretically and compare with it practically
obtained values.

37 | P a g e
TABULAR COLUMN:

S. Input Voltage Firing angle Output voltage (V0r) Output Current (I0r)
No. (V in) in Degrees Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
1
2
3
4
5
6

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

I0r = V0r / R
α = Firing Angle
V = RMS Value across transformer output

MODEL GRAPH:

Single Phase AC Voltage controller with R - Load

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Single Phase AC voltage controller with RL Load

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41 | P a g e
PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Why should the two trigger sources be isolated?
2. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of phase control?
3. What is phase control?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What type of commutation is used in this circuit?

2. What are the effects of load inductance on the performance of AC voltage controllers?
3. What is extinction angle?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

42 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT – 6
SINGLE PHASE CYCLO - CONVERTER WITH R AND RL LOADS

AIM:

To study the single - phase CycloConverter with R & RL Load.

APPARATUS:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

Single phase Cycloconverter power circuit and
1
firing circuit
2 CRO with deferential MODEL

3 Patch chords and probes

4 Isolation Transformer (Centre - Tapped )

5 Variable Rheostat
6 Inductor
7 AC Voltmeter

8 AC Ammeter

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

Circuit Diagram of Single Phase Cyclo - Converter

43 | P a g e
PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect firstly ( 30V-0-30V ) AC supply from Isolation Transformer to circuit.
3. Connect firing pulses from firing circuit to Thyristors as indication in circuit.
4. Connect resistive load 200Ω / 5A to load terminals.
5. Set the frequency division switch to ( 2,3,4,…9 ) your required output frequency.
6. Switch ON the MCB and IRS switch and trigger output ON switch.
7. Observe waveforms in CRO, across load by varying firing angle gradually up to 180 0 and
also for various frequency divisions (2,3,4,…9).
8. Measure output voltage and current by connecting AC voltmeter & Ammeter.
9. Tabulate all readings for various firing angles.
10. For RL Load connect a large inductance load in series with Resistance and observe all
waveforms and readings as same as above.
11. Observe the various waveforms at different points in circuit by varying the Resistive Load
and Inductive Load.
12. Calculate the output voltage and current by theoretically and compare with it practically
obtained values.

TABULAR COLUMN:

Input Firing Input

Frequency Vo Io Output
S. No Voltage angle in frequency fo/fs
Division (V) (A) frequency fo
(V in) Degrees fs

MODEL CALCULATIONS:
V0r =
I0r = V0r / R
θ = Firing Angle
V = RMS Value across transformer output

44 | P a g e
MODEL GRAPH:

Output Wave Forms of Single Phase Cyclo – Converter

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46 | P a g e
47 | P a g e
PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is meant by Cyclo-converter? What are the types of Cyclo-converters?

2. Classify Cyclo converters.
3. What is step up Cyclo-converter & step down cyclo - converter ?
4. Differentiate step-down cycloconverter and step-up cycloconverter.
5. Why forced commutation circuit is employed in case of cyclo inverter?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the Applications of Cycloconverter?

2. What is meant by Positive & negative converter groups in cycloconverter?
3. List the applications of cycloconverter.
4. List the advantages & disadvantages of cycloconverters.

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

48 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT – 7
SINGLE PHASE SERIES INVERTER WITH R AND RL LOADS

AIM:

To obtain the performance characteristics of a single phase series inverter

APPARATUS:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 Series inverter power circuit and firing circuit

2 CRO with deferential MODEL
3 Patch chords and probes
4 Regulated dc power supply
5 Variable Rheostat
6 Inductor

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit Diagram Single Phase Series Inverter

PROCEDURE:
1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Give the DC power supply 30V to the terminal pins located in the power circuit.
3. Connect firing pulses from firing circuit to Thyristors as indication in circuit.
4. Connect resistive load 200Ω / 5A to load terminals and switch ON the MCB and IRS
switch and trigger output ON switch.
5. By varying the frequency pot, observe related waveforms.

49 | P a g e
 6. If the inverter frequency is increases above the resonant frequency of the power circuit
commutation fails. Then switch OFF the DC supply, reduce the inverter frequency and try
again.
7. Repeat the above same procedure for different value of L,C load and also above the wave
forms with and without fly wheel diodes.
8. Total output wave forms entirely depends on the load, and after getting the perfect wave
forms increase the input supply voltage up to 30V and follow the above procedure.
9. Switch OFF the DC supply first and then Switch OFF the inverter.( Switch OFF the
trigger pulses will lead to short circuit)

MODEL WAVEFORMS:
Output Wave Forms of Single Phase Series Inverter

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51 | P a g e
52 | P a g e
PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Why is this circuit called as series inverter?

2. What is the type of commutation for series inverter?
3. What is the configuration of inductor?
4. What is the principle of series inverter?
5. Disadvantages of series inverter.
6. On what principle series inverter works?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the dead zone of an inverter?
2. Up to what maximum voltage will the capacitor charge during circuit operation?
3. What is the amount of power delivered by capacitor?
4. What is the purpose of coupled inductors in half bridge resonant inverters?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

53 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT – 8
DC JONE’S CHOPPER

AIM:

To study the characteristics of DC Jone’s Chopper.

APPARATUS:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

1 DC chopper power MODEL
2 Triggering circuit (DC chopper)
3 Rheostat
4 Digital multimeter
5 CRO
6 Patch Cards

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit Diagram of Jones Chopper

T1, T2 – TYN
616 D1 – BYQ
28200
C – Commutation Capacitor 10µF / 100V
L1- 0 –L2 - Commutation Inductor 500-0-500µH / 2A

54 | P a g e
PROCEDURE:
a) For R – Load:

1. Connections are made as shown in the figure. Use 50Ώ Rheostat for R - Load
(Freewheeling diode ( DM ) is to be connected only for RL load ).
2. Adjust VRPS output to 10v and connect to DC chopper MODEL.
3. Switch on DC toggle switch of chopper MODEL.
4. Switch on the trigger input by pushing- in pulse switch.
5. Observe the output waveform across load on CRO.
6. Keep the duty cycle at mid position and vary the frequency from minimum to maximum
and record the output voltage readings.
7. Note down the output waveform for mid value of frequency and duty cycle.
b) R - L Load:

1. Connections are made as shown in fig. Load is 50Ώ Rheostat in series with inductor
L
=25mH or 50mH.
2. Follow the same procedure as listed in steps 2 to 8 above.3. Readings and output
waveform is to be recorded with and without freewheeling diode. [NOTE: In both
switching on / switching off of the equipment. First use DC toggle switch and then the
pulsar].

TABULAR COLUMN:
Constant Duty Cycle
Duty Cycle: 50%, VIN=10 to 15 V

S.
Frequency(Hz) V0(Volts)
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

55 | P a g e
 Constant Frequency, Frequency Control

S. Duty VO
TON(sec) TOFF(sec)
No Cycle (%) (Volts)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

MODEL GRAPH:

Output Characteristics of DC Jones Chopper

56 | P a g e
57 | P a g e
58 | P a g e
PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are choppers?
2. What does a chopper consist of?
3. On what basis choppers are classified in quadrant configurations?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Define duty cycle.
2. How can ripple current be controlled?
3. What is step up chopper?
4. On what does the commutating capacitor value depend on?
5. What are the disadvantages of choppers?
6. How do they have high efficiency?
7. What are the applications of dc choppers?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

59 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT – 9(A)
PSPICE SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE FULL WAVE RECTIFIER USING RLE
LOADS

AIM:
To obtain the performance characteristics of Single Phase Semi converter for R, RL, RLE Loads Using
MATLAB / Simulink

APPARATUS:

S. No. Name of the Equipment

1. PC With Desktop

2. Matlab / Simulink

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit Diagram of PSPICE Simulation of Single Phase Full Wave Rectifier

PROCEDURE:

1. Represent the nodes for a given circuit.

2. Write spice program by initializing all the circuit parameter as per given flow chart.
3. From desktop of your computer click on “START” menu followed by “programs” and
then clicking appropriate program group as “DESIGN LAB EVAL8 followed by
“DESIGN MANAGER”.
4. Open the run text editor from microsim window & start writing pspice program.

5. Save the program with .cir extension.

60 | P a g e
6. Open the run spice A / D window from microsim window.
7. Open file menu from run spice A / D window then open saved circuit file.
 8. If there are any errors, simulates will be displayed with statement as “simulation error
occurred”.
9. To see the errors click on o/p file icon and open examine o / p.
10. To make changes in the program open the circuit file, modify, save & Run the program.
11. If there are no errors, simulation will be completed & it will be displayed with a statement
as “simulation completed”.
12. To see the o / p click on o / p file icon & open examine o / p then note down the values.
13. If probe command is used in the program, click on o / p file icon &open run probe. Select
variables to plot on graphical window and observe the o / p plots then take print outs of
that.
PROGRAM CODE:
CLC
VS 10 0 SIN(0 325V 50HZ)
VG1 6 2 PULSE (0V 10V 2500US 1NS 1NS 100US
20000US) VG2 7 0 PULSE (0V 10V 2500US 1NS 1NS
100US 20000US) VG3 8 2 PULSE (0V 10V 12500US 1NS
1NS 100US 20000US) VG4 9 1 PULSE (0V 10V 12500US
1NS 1NS 100US 20000US) R 2 4 10
L 4 5 20MH
VX 5 3 DC 10V
VY 10 1 DC 10V
C 2 11 793UF
RX 11 3 0.1
XT1 1 2 6 2 SCR
XT2 3 0 7 0 SCR
XT3 0 2 8 2 SCR
XT4 3 1 9 1 SCR
.SUBCKT SCR 1 2 3 2
S1 1 5 6 2 SMOD
RG 3 4 50
VX 4 2 DC 0V
VY 5 7 DC 0V
DT 7 2 DMOD
RT 6 2 1

61 | P a g e
 CT 6 2 10UF
F1 2 6 POLY (2) VX VY 0 50 11
.MODEL SMOD VSWITCH (RON=0.0105 ROFF=10E+5 VON=0.5V VOFF=0V)
.MODEL DMOD D (IS=2.2E-15 BV=1200V TT=0 CJO=0)
.ENDS SCR
.TRAN 50US 100MS 50MS 50US
.PROBE
.OPTIONS ABSTOL=1.00N RELTOL=1.0M VNTOL=0.1 ITL5=20000
.FOUR 50HZ I(VY)
.END
Plot v (2)

MODEL WAVEFORMS:

Output Wave Forms of PSPICE Simulation of Single Phase Full Wave Rectifier

62 | P a g e
63 | P a g e
64 | P a g e
PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. If we place freewheeling diode what happens in full controlled converters?
2. What is the output voltage equation of a 3-phase fully controlled bridge converter?
3. What are the parameters effects the frequency of the ripple in the output voltage of 3-
phase semi converter?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Explain operation of rectifier with RL Load.

2. How to plot rectifier output waveforms?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

65 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT – 9 ( B )
PSPICE SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER USING RLE
LOADS

AIM:
To obtain the performance characteristics of Single Phase for R, RL, RLE Loads Using
MATLAB / Simulink

APPARATUS:

S. No. Name of the Equipment

1. PC With Desktop
2. MATLAB / Simulink

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit Diagram of PSPICE Simulation of Single Phase Ac Voltage Controller

PROCEDURE:

1. Represent the nodes for again circuit.

2. Write PSPICE program by initializing all the circuit parameters as per given flow chart
3.From desktop of your computer click “start” menu followed “PROGRAMS” & then
clicking appropriate program group as “DESIGN LAB tv 218” followed by design
manager.
3. Open the Run text editor from microsim window & start writing PSPICE program.
4. Save the program with .cir extension. (Ex: DA.cir).
5. Open the RUN SPICE A / D window from microsim window.
6. Open file menu from RUN SPICE A / D window then open saved circuit file.
7. If there are any errors, simulation will be displayed with statement as “simulation error
occurred.”

66 | P a g e
 8. To see the errors click on output file icon & open examine output.
9. To make changes in the program open the circuit file modifies & run the program.
10. If there are no errors simulation modifies be displayed with a statement as “simulation
completed”.
11. To see the output click on the output file icon & open examine output then note down the
values.
12. If probe command is used in the program click on output file icon & open Run probe
select variable to plot on graphical window &observe the plots then the printouts of that.

PROGRAM CODE:

CLC
VS 1 0 SIN (0 325V 50HZ)
VG1 2 4 PULSE (0V 10V 2500US 1NS 1NS 100US
20000US) VG2 3 1 PULSE (0V 10V 2500US 1NS 1NS
100US 20000US) R 4 5 2.5
L 5 6 6.5MH
VX 6 0 DC 10V
XT1 1 4 2 4 SCR
XT2 4 1 3 1 SCR
.SUBCKT SCR 1 2 3 2
S1 1 5 6 2 SMOD
RG 3 4 50
VX 4 2 DC 0V
VY 5 7 DC 0V
DT 7 2 DMOD
RT 6 2 1
CT 6 2 100F
F1 2 6 POLY (2) VX VY 0 50 11
.MODEL SMOD VSWITCH (RON=0.0105 ROFF=10E+5 VON=0.5V VOFF=0V)
.MODEL DMOD D (IS=2.2E-15 BV=1200V TT=0 CJO=0)
.ENDS SCR
.TRAN 50US 100MS 50MS 50US
.PROBE
.FOUR 50HZ I(VX)
.END
PLOT
V (2)

67 | P a g e
MODEL WAVEFORMS:

Output Wave Forms of PSPICE Simulation of Single Phase Ac

Voltage Controller

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69 | P a g e
70 | P a g e
PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the output voltage equation of AC Voltage controller?
2. Draw the output waveform of AC voltage controllers with a firing angle of 90 degrees.

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the applications of fully controlled rectifiers?

2. What the advantages are of fully controlled over half controlled rectifiers?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

71 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT – 10 (A)
PSPICE SIMULATION OF RESONANT PULSE COMMUTATION CIRCUIT

AIM:

To obtain the performance characteristics of a Resonant Pulse Commutation Circuit

APPARATUS:

S. No. Name of the Equipment

1. PC With Desktop
2. MATLAB / Simulink

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit Diagram of PSPICE Simulation of Resonant Pulse Commutation Circuit

PROCEDURE:
1. Represent the nodes for a given circuit.
2. Write spice program by initializing all the circuit parameter as per given flow chart.
3. From desktop of your computer click on “START” menu followed by “programs” and
then clicking appropriate program group as “DESIGN LAB EVAL8 followed by
“DESIGN MANAGER.”
4. Open the run text editor from microsim window & start writing pspice program.
5. Save the program with .cir extension.
6. Open the run spice A / D window from microsim window.

72 | P a g e
 7. Open file menu from run spice A / D window then open saved circuit file.
8. If there are any errors, simulates will be displayed with statement as “simulation error
occurred”.
9. To see the errors click on o/p file icon and open examine o / p.
10. To make changes in the program open the circuit file, modify, save & Run the program.
11. If there are no errors, simulation will be completed & it will be displayed with a statement
as “simulation completed”.
12. To see the o / p click on o / p file icon & open examine o / p then note down the values.
13. If .probe command is used in the program, click on o / p file icon &open run probe. Select
variables to plot on graphical window and observe the o / p plots then take print outs of
that.

PROGRAM CODE:

CLC
VS 1 0 DC 200V
VG1 7 0 PULSE (0V 100V 0 1US 1US 0.4MS 1MS)
VG2 8 0 PULSE (0V 100V 0.4MS 1US 1US 0.6MS
1MS) VG3 9 0 PULSE (0V 100V 0.1US 1US 1US
0.2MS 1MS) RG1 7 0 10MEG
RG2 8 0 10MEG
RG3 9 0 10MEG
CS 10 11 0.1UF
RS 11 4 750
C 1 2 31.2UF IC=200V
L 2 3 6.4UH
D1 4 1 DMOD
DM 0 4 DMOD
.MODEL DMOD D(IS=1E-25
BV=1000V) RM 4 5 0.5
LM 5 6 5MH
VX 6 0 DC 0V
VY 1 10 DC 0V
XT1 10 4 7 0 DCSCR
XT2 3 4 8 0 DCSCR
XT3 1 3 9 0 DCSCR

73 | P a g e
.SUBCKT DCSCR 1 2 3 4
DT 5 2 DMOD
ST 1 5 3 4 SMOD
.MODEL DMOD D (IS=1E-25 BV=1000V)
.MODEL SMOD VSWITCH (RON=0.1 ROFF=10E+6 VON=10 VOFF=5V)
.ENDS DCSCR
.TRAN 0.5US 3MS 1.5MS 0.5US
.PROBE
.END

PLOT I (C ) AND V(2)

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75 | P a g e
76 | P a g e
PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is mean by Commutation?

2. What is mean by Resonant Commutation?
3. Explain Resonant Pulse Commutation.

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the applications of Resonant pulse Commutation?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

77 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT – 10 (B)
PSPICE SIMULATION OF BUCK CHOPPER

AIM:
To obtain the performance characteristics of BUCK CHOPPER

APPARTUS:

S. No. Name of the Equipment

1. PC With Desktop

2. PSPICE

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit Diagram of PSPICE Simulation of Buck Chopper

PROCEDURE:

1. Represent the nodes for a given circuit.

2. Write spice program by initializing all the circuit parameter as per given flow chart.
3. From desktop of your computer click on “ START ” menu followed by “ programs ” and
then clicking appropriate program group as “ DESIGN LAB EVAL8 followed by “
DESIGN MANAGER.”
4. Open the run text editor from microsim window & start writing pspice program.
5. Save the program with .cir extension.
6. Open the run spice A / D window from microsim window.
7. Open file menu from run spice A / D window then open saved circuit file.
8. If there are any errors, simulates will be displayed with statement as “simulation error
occurred”.

78 | P a g e
 9. To see the errors click on o / p file icon and open examine o / p.
10. To make changes in the program open the circuit file, modify, save & Run the program.
11. If there are no errors, simulation will be completed & it will be displayed with a statement
as “simulation completed”.
12. To see the o / p click on o / p file icon & open examine o / p then note down the values.
13. If .probe command is used in the program, click on o / p file icon &open run probe. Select
variables to plot on graphical window and observe the o / p plots then take print outs of
that.
PROGARM CODE:

CLC
VS 1 0 DC 110V
VY 1 2 DC 0V
VG 7 3 PULSE (0V 20V 0 0.1NS 0.1NS 27.28US
50US) RB 7 6 250
LE 3 4 681.82UH
CE 4 0 8.33UF IC=60V
L 4 8 40.91UH
R853
VX 5 0 DC 0V
DM 0 3 DMOD
.MODEL DMOD D (IS=2.2E-15 BV=1800V
TT=0) Q1 2 6 3 QMOD
.MODEL QMOD NPN (IS=6.734F BF=416.4 BR=0.7371 CJC=3.638P
CJE=4.493P TR=239.5N TF=301.2P)
.TRAN 1US 1.6MS 1.5MS 1US UIC
.PROBE
.FOUR 20KHZ I (VY)
.END
PLOT I (LE) I(VX) V4

79 | P a g e
80 | P a g e
81 | P a g e
PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is mean by Buck Chopper?
2. What is the difference between the Buck and Boost Chopper?
3. What are the applications of Buck Chopper?
4. What are the applications of Boost Chopper?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the output voltage equation for step up chopper?

2. Define duty cycle.
3. What is the output voltage equation for step down chopper?
4. What is the output voltage equation for step up / down chopper?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

82 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT – 11
PSPICE SIMULATION OF SINGLE PHASE INVERTER WITH PWM CONTROL

AIM:
To obtain the performance characteristics of single phase inverter with PWM control.

APPARATUS:

S. No Name of the Equipment

1. PC With Desktop
2. PSPICE

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig - 17.1 Circuit Diagram of PSPICE Simulation of Single Phase Inverter

PROCEDURE:

1. Represent the nodes for a given circuit.

2. Write spice program by initializing all the circuit parameter as per given flow chart.
3. From desktop of your computer click on “ START ” menu followed by “ programs ” and
then clicking appropriate program group as “ DESIGN LAB EVAL8 followed by “
DESIGN MANAGER.”
4. Open the run text editor from microsim window & start writing PSPICE program.
5. Save the program with .cir extension.
6. Open the run spice A / D window from microsim window.

83 | P a g e
 7. Open file menu from run spice A / D window then open saved circuit file.
8. If there are any errors, simulates will be displayed with statement as “simulation error
occurred”.
9. To see the errors click on o / p file icon and open examine o/p.
10. To make changes in the program open the circuit file, modify, save & Run the program.
11. If there are no errors, simulation will be completed & it will be displayed with a statement
as “simulation completed”.
12. To see the o / p click on o / p file icon & open examine o / p then note down the values.
13. If .probe command is used in the program, click on o / p file icon &open run probe. Select
variables to plot on graphical window and observe the o / p plots then take print outs of
that.

PROGRAM CODE:

VS 1 0 DC 100V
VT 17 0 PULSE (50V 0V 0 833.33US 833.33US 1NS
1666.67US) RT 17 0 2MEG
VC1 15 0 PULSE (0 -30V 1NS 1NS 8333.33US
1666.67US) RC1 15 0 2MEG
VC3 16 0 PULSE (0 -30V 8333.33US 1NS 1NS 8333.33US
16666.67US) RC3 16 0 2MEG
R 4 5 2.5
L 5 6 10MH
VX 3 4 DC 0V
VY 1 2 DC 0V
D1 3 2 DMOD
D2 0 6 DMOD
D3 6 2 DMOD
D4 0 3 DMOD
.MODEL DMOD D(IS=2.2E-15 BV=1800V
TT=0) Q1 2 7 3 QMOD
Q2 6 9 0 QMOD
Q3 2 11 6 QMOD
Q4 3 13 0 QMOD
.MODEL QMOD NPN(IS=6.74F BF=416.5 CJC=3.638P
CJE=4.451P) RG1 8 7 100

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RG2 10 9 100
RG3 12 11 100
RG4 14 13 100
*SUBCKT CALL FOR PWM
CONTROL XPW1 17 15 8 3 PWM
XPW2 17 15 10 0 PWM
XPW3 17 16 12 6 PWM
XPW4 17 16 14 0 PWM
.SUBCKT PWM 1 2 3 4
*model ref carrier +control -
control R1 1 5 1K
R2 2 5 1K
RIN 5 0 2MEG
RF 5 3 100K
R0 6 3 75
C0 3 4 10PF
E1 6 4 0 5 2E+5
.ENDS PWM
.TRAN 10US 16.67MS 0 10US
.PROBE
.options abstol=1.00n reltol=0.01 vntol=0.1 itl5=20000
.FOUR 60HZ V(3,6)
.END
PLOT V (14) I(VX) I (vy)V(10)

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86 | P a g e
87 | P a g e
PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the function of inverter?

2. What is meant by carrier wave form in PWM control?
3. What are the control strategies for inverter?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the advantages of PWM inverter?
2. What are the applications of PWM inverter?
3. What are the advantages of simulation using PSPICE?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

88 | P a g e
 EXPERIMENT - 12
SINGLE PHASE DUAL CONVERTER WITH RL LOADS

AIM:

To study the operation of single phase dual converter with RL loads.

APPARATUS:

S.No Equipment Range Type Quantity

Single phase dual converter power circuit and
1
firing circuit
2 CRO with deferential MODEL
3 Patch chords and probes
4 Isolation Transformer
5 Variable Rheostat
6 Inductor
7 DC Voltmeter
8 DC Ammeter

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Single Phase Dual Converter

89 | P a g e
 PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect firstly AC supply from Isolation Transformer to circuit.
3. Connect firing pulses from firing circuit to Thyristors as indication in circuit.
4. Connect resistive load 200Ω / 5A to load terminals and switch ON the MCB and IRS
switch and trigger output ON switch.
5. Connect CRO probes and observe waveforms in CRO across load and device in single
phase dual converter.
6. By varying firing angle gradually up to 1800 and observe related waveforms.
7. Measure output voltage and current by connecting AC voltmeter & Ammeter.
8. Tabulate all readings for various firing angles.
9. For RL Load connect a large inductance load in series with Resistance and observe all
waveforms and readings as same as above.
10. Observe the various waveforms at different points in circuit by varying the Resistive Load
and Inductive Load.
11. Calculate the output voltage and current by theoretically and compare with it practically
obtained values.

TABULAR COLUMN:

S. Input Voltage Firing angle Output voltage (V0) Output Current (I0)
No (Vin) in Degrees Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
1
2
3
4
5
6

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

V0 = (2√2V/∏) * Cos α I0 = (2√2V/∏R) * Cos α

α = Firing Angle
V = RMS Value across transformer output

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MODEL GRAPH:

Single Phase Dual Converter output waveforms

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the condition for ideal dual converter operation?
2. What are the four quadrant operations are possible with dual converter drives?
3. What is the purpose of inductor in dual converters?
4. What are the modes of operations for a dual converter?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the applications of dual converters?
2. Which mode of operation is suitable for four quadrant operation of dual converter?

RESULT:

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY
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 EXPERIMENT - 13
SINGLE PHASE BRIDGE CONVERTER WITH R AND RL LOADS

AIM:
To study the single phase bridge converter with R & RL Load.

APPARATUS:

S. No Equipment Range Type Quantity

Single phase bridge converter power circuit and
1
firing circuit
2 CRO with deferential MODEL
3 Patch chords and probes
4 Isolation Transformer
5 Variable Rheostat
6 Inductor
7 DC Voltmeter
8 DC Ammeter

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Single Phase Bridge Converter

PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect firstly 30V AC supply from Isolation Transformer to circuit.
3. Connect firing pulses from firing circuit to Thyristors as indication in circuit.
4. Connect resistive load 200Ω / 5A to load terminals and switch ON the MCB and IRS
switch and trigger output ON switch.

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 5. Connect CRO probes and observe waveforms in CRO across load and device in single
phase bridge converter.
6. By varying firing angle gradually up to 1800 and observe related waveforms.
7. Measure output voltage and current by connecting AC voltmeter & Ammeter.
8. Tabulate all readings for various firing angles.
9. For RL Load connect a large inductance load in series with Resistance and observe all
waveforms and readings as same as above.
10. Observe the various waveforms at different points in circuit by varying the Resistive Load
and Inductive Load.
11. Calculate the output voltage and current by theoretically and compare with it practically
obtained values.
TABULAR COLUMN:

S. Input Voltage Firing angle Output voltage (V0) Output Current (I0)
No (Vin) in Degrees Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
1
2
3
4
5

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

For R-L Load: For R Load:

V0 = (2√2V/∏) * Cos α V0 = (√2V/∏) * (1+Cos α)

I0 = (2√2V/∏R) * Cos α I0 = (√2V /∏R) * (1+Cosα)
α = Firing Angle
V = RMS Value across transformer output

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MODEL GRAPH:

Output waveforms of Single Phase Bridge Converter

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 PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. State the type of commutation used in this circuit.
2. What will happen if the firing angle is greater than 90 degrees?
3. What are the performance parameters of rectifier?
4. What is the difference between half wave and full wave rectifier?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. If firing angle is greater than 90 degrees, the inverter circuit formed is called as?
2. What is displacement factor?
3. What is DC output voltage of single phase full wave controller?
4. What are the effects of source inductance on the output voltage of a rectifier?
5. What is commutation angle of a rectifier?
6. What are the advantages of three phase rectifier over a single phase rectifier?

RESULT

SIGNATURE OF FACULTY

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 EXPERIMENT – 14
GATE FIRING CIRCUITS FOR SCRS
(R - C TRIGGERING)

AIM:

To study the Resistance - capacitance (RC) Triggering circuit of SCR.

APPARATUS:

S. No Name of the Equipment Range Qty

1 Resistance-Capacitance Firing Circuit
2 Patch chords
3 CRO with differential MODEL
4 R-Load

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

RC Triggering Circuit

PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Give the AC Power supply 20V/1A from the source indicated in the front panel.
3. Connect Load i.e., Rheostat of 200Ω between two points.
4. Switch ON Power supply and observe the wave forms of input & output at a
time in the CRO.[CH-1 or CH-2].
5. Slowly vary the control Resistor RC, that firing angle can vary from 0-180°.
6. Observe various voltage waveforms across load, SCR and other points, by
varying the Load Resistance and Firing RC part.
7. Compare practical obtained voltage waveform with theoretical waveform and
observe the Firing angle in R - C Triggering.

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MODEL GRAPH:

Output Wave forms of RC Triggering

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Draw the characteristics of SCR.
2. Define firing angle.
3. Define extinction angle.

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the advantages of R triggering?

2. What are the advantages of RC triggering?
3. What are the limitations of RC triggering?
4. What are the limitations of R triggering?

RESULT

SIGNATURE OF THE FACULTY

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2. 2 UJT TRIGGERING

AIM:

To study Firing of SCR using UJT Relaxation Oscillator and also to study UJT Relaxation

APPARATUS:

S. No. Name of the equipment Range Qty

1 UJT Firing Circuit
2 Patch chords & Probes
3 CRO with differential MODEL
4 R-Load

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

UJT Triggering Circuit

PROCEDURE:

1. First observe the waveforms at different points in circuit and also trigger output T1 and
T1` observe the pulses are synchronized.
2. Now make the connections as per circuit using AC source, UJT Relaxation Oscillator,
SCR’s and Loads.
3. Observe the waveforms across the load and SCR and other points, by varying the variable
resistor RC and resistance load, observe firing angle of SCR.
4. Use differential MODEL for observing two waveforms (input and output) simultaneously
in channel 1 and channel 2.
5. Check the waveforms for large value of RC and small value of RC and also triggering
points of SCR.

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FOR RELAXATION OSCILLATOR:

1. Short the CF capacitor to the diode bridge rectifier to get filtered AC Output.
2. We get equidistance pulses at the output of pulse transformer.
3. The frequency of pulse can be varied by varying the potentiometer.
4. Observe that capacitor charging and discharging time periods and calculate frequency and
RC time constant of UJT Relaxation Oscillator by using given formulas.

MODEL GRAPH:

Output Wave Forms of UJT Triggering

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the ratio of latching current to holding current?

2. What is the difference between UJT triggering and temperature triggering?
3. What are the limitations of light triggering?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of temperature triggering?

POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the merits of UJT triggering?

2. What are the demerits of UJT triggering?

RESULT

SIGNATURE OF THE FACULTY

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 EXPERIMENT - 15
SINGLE PHASE PARALLEL INVERTER WITH R AND RL LOADS

AIM:
To study the parallel inverter

APPARATUS:

S. No Name of the Equipment Range Qty

1 Parallel inverter circuit.
2 Patch chords & Probes
3 CRO
4 Regulated power supply
5 R load

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Circuit Diagram of Single Phase Parallel Inverter

PROCEDURE:

1. Make all connections as per the circuit, and give regulated power supply 30V/5A.
2. Give trigger pulses from firing circuit to gate and cathode of SCR’s T1 & T2.
3. Set input voltage 15V, connect load across load terminals.
4. Now switch ON the DC supply, switch ON the trigger output pulses.
5. Observe the output voltage waveforms across load by varying the frequency pot.
6. Repeat the above same procedure for different value of L,C load values.
7. Switch off the DC supply first and then switch off the
inverter. (Switch off the trigger pulses will lead to short
circuit)

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MODEL GRAPH:

Output Wave Forms of Single Phase Parallel Inverter

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PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Why is this circuit called as parallel inverter?

2. What is the type of commutation for parallel inverter?
3. What is the configuration of capacitor?
POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the dead zone of an inverter?

2. Up to what maximum voltage will the capacitor charge during circuit operation?
3. What is the amount of power delivered by capacitor?
4. What is the purpose of inductors in parallel inverters?

RESULT

SIGNATURE OF THE FACULTY

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