Psychological Assessment and Diagnosis

(Test Reports)

Mr. Akhwand Abdur Raffi Saulat

ADCP Psychology
ADCP-021R20-6
Session 2020-2021

Supervisor
Ms Maryam Razzaq

INSTITUTE OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB

MULTAN
 Table of Contents

Test no. 1 Beck Depression Inventory 1

Introduction 2

Analysis 3

Test Form 4-6

Test no. 2 Beck Anxiety Inventory 7

Introduction 8

Analysis 9

Test Form 10

Test no. 3 Perceived Deficits Questionnaire 11

Introduction 12

Scoring 13

Interpretation 13

Test Form 14-15

Test no. 4 Rotter’s Incomplete Sentence Blank 16

Introduction 17

Scoring 18

Interpretation 18

Test Form 19-20

Test no.5 Mental Health Inventory 21

Introduction 22

Scoring 23

Interpretation 23

Test Form 24-26

Test no. 6 Edwards Personality Preference Schedule (EPPS) 27

Introduction 28

Scoring and Interpretation 28

Different Personality Domains 29

Quantitative Analysis 30

Consistency 30

Qualitative Analysis 31-33

Test Forms 34-35

Test no. 7 House Tree Person 36

Introduction 37

Scoring and Interpretation 37

General Interpretation 38

Qualitative Analysis of House 38

Qualitative Analysis of Tree 39

Qualitative Analysis of Person 39

House Picture 40

Tree Picture 41

Person Picture 42

Test no. 8 Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) 43

- Introduction 44

Scoring and Interpretation 44

Qualitative Analysis 45

Test Form 46-47

Test no. 9 Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) 48

Introduction 49

Qualitative Analysis 50

Test Form 51

Test no. 10 The Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory 52

Introduction 53

Qualitative Analysis 53

Test Form 54
 1

Beck Depression Inventory

 Introduction

 Analysis

 Test Form
 2

Beck Depression inventory

1 Test Author Aron T-Beck

2 Year of Publication 1961

3 Year of Revision BDI-I 1978

4 Year of Revision BDI-II 1996

Use of Test Scale A depression test to measure the severity and depth of the

depressive symptoms as listed in American

5
Psychological Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical

Manual (DSM-IV;1994)

Scoring Method BDI-II is scored by summing the ratings of the 21 items.

Each item is rated in a point scale ranging from 0 – 3. If

6 the higher rated option is chosen by the respondents, the

presence of an increase or decrease in either symptom

should be clinically noted for diagnostic purposes.

7 No. of Item 21

8 Total Score 63

Score Range Minimal 0-13

Mild 14-19
9
Moderate 20-28

Severe 29-63
 3

Brief Analysis:

BDI-II was applied on the 30 years old client. The client’s score on BDI-II was 02

which lies under the range of minimal depression which is not of a pathological concern.
 4
BDI - II
Instructions: This questionnaire consists of 21 groups of statements. Please read each 4. Loss of Pleasure
group of statements carefully. And then pick out the one statement in each group that 0. I get as much pleasure as I ever did from the things I
best describes the way you have been feeling during the past two weeks, including enjoy.
today. Circle the number beside the statement you have picked. If several statements in 1. I don't enjoy things as much as I used to.
the group seem to apply equally well, circle the highest number for that group. Be sure
2. I get very little pleasure from the things I used to enjoy.
that you do not choose more than one statement for any group, including Item 16
(Changes in Sleeping Pattern) or Item 18 (Changes in Appetite). 3. I can't get any pleasure from the things I used to enjoy.

5. Guilty Feelings
1. Sadness 0. I don't feel particularly guilty.
0. I do not feel sad. 1. I feel guilty over many things I have done or should
1. I feel sad much of the time. have done.
2. I am sad all the time.
2. I feel quite guilty most of the time.
3. I am so sad or unhappy that I can't stand it.
3. I feel guilty all of the time.
2. Pessimism
0. I am not discouraged about my future. 6. Punishment Feelings
1. I feel more discouraged about my future than I used to. 0. I don't feel I am being punished.
2. I do not expect things to work out for me. 1. I feel I may be punished.
3. I feel my future is hopeless and will only get worse. 2. I expect to be punished.
3. I feel I am being punished.
3. Past Failure
0. I do not feel like a failure. 7. Self-Dislike
1. I have failed more than I should have. 0. I feel the same about myself as ever.
2. As I look back, I see a lot of failures. 1. I have lost confidence in myself.
3. I feel I am a total failure as a person. 2. I am disappointed in myself.
3. I dislike myself.
 5

8. Self-Criticalness 12. Loss of Interest

0. I don't criticize or blame myself more than usual. 0. I have not lost interest in other people or
1. I am more critical of myself than I used to be. activities.
2. I criticize myself for all of my faults. 1. I am less interested in other people or things
3. I blame myself for everything bad that happens. than before.
2. I have lost most of my interest in other people or
things.
9. Suicidal Thoughts or Wishes 3. It's hard to get interested in anything.
0. I don't have any thoughts of killing myself.
1. I have thoughts of killing myself, but I would not 13. Indecisiveness
carry them out. 0. I make decisions about as well as ever.
2. I would like to kill myself. 1. I find it more difficult to make decisions than
3. I would kill myself if I had the chance. usual.
2. I have much greater difficulty in making
decisions than I used to.
10. Crying 3. I have trouble making any decisions.
0. I don't cry anymore than I used to.
1. I cry more than I used to. 14. Worthlessness
2. I cry over every little thing. 0. I do not feel I am worthless.
3. I feel like crying, but I can't. 1. I don't consider myself as worthwhile and useful
as I used to.
2. I feel more worthless as compared to others.
11. Agitation 3. I feel utterly worthless.
0. I am no more restless or wound up than usual.
1. I feel more restless or wound up than usual. 15. Loss of Energy
2. I am so restless or agitated, it's hard to stay still. 0. I have as much energy as ever.
3. I am so restless or agitated that I have to keep 1. I have less energy than I used to have.
moving or doing something. 2. I don't have enough energy to do very much.
3. I don't have enough energy to do anything.
 6
16. Changes in Sleeping Pattern 19. Concentration Difficulty
0. I have not experienced any change in my sleeping. 0. I can concentrate as well as ever.
1a I sleep somewhat more than usual. 1. I can't concentrate as well as usual.
1b I sleep somewhat less than usual. 2. It's hard to keep my mind on anything for
2a I sleep a lot more than usual. very long.
2b I sleep a lot less than usual. 3. I find I can't concentrate on anything.
3a I sleep most of the day.
3b I wake up 1-2 hours early and can't get back to
sleep. 20. Tiredness or Fatigue
0. I am no more tired or fatigued than usual.
1. I get more tired or fatigued more easily than usual.
17. Irritability 2. I am too tired or fatigued to do a lot of the things I
0. I am not more irritable than usual. used to do.
1. I am more irritable than usual. 3. I am too tired or fatigued to do most of the
2. I am much more irritable than usual. things I used to do.
3. I am irritable all the time.

21. Loss of Interest in Sex

18. Changes in Appetite 0. I have not noticed any recent change in my
0. I have not experienced any change in my interest in sex.
appetite. 1. I am less interested in sex than I used to be.
1a My appetite is somewhat less than usual. 2. I am much less interested in sex now.
1b My appetite is somewhat greater than usual. 3. I have lost interest in sex completely.
2a My appetite is much less than before.
2b My appetite is much greater than usual.
3a I have no appetite at all. Total Score: ____
02__
3b I crave food all the time.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CORPORATION
Harcourt Brace & Company
Copyright 1996, by Aaron T. Beck. All rights reserved.
 7

Beck Anxiety Inventory

 Introduction

 Analysis

 Test Form
 8

Beck Anxiety inventory

1 Test Author Aron T-Beck

2 Year of Publication 1998

3 Use of Test Scale An assessment of anxiety for diagnosis

4 Scoring Method BAI is scored by summing the ratings of the 21 items.

Each item is rated in a point scale ranging from 0 – 3.

If the higher rated option is chosen by the

respondents, the presence of an increased anxiety can

be predicted

5 No. of Item 21

6 Total Score 63

7 Score Range Minimal 0-7

Mild 8-15

Moderate 16-25

Severe 26-63
 9

Brief analysis:

BAI was applied on a 30 years old client. The client’s score on BAI was 01 which lies

under the range of minimal anxiety which is not of a pathological concern.

 10

Beck Anxiety Inventory

Name: Akhwand Saulat Marital Status: Married Age: 30 Gender: Male Occupation: Lecturer Education: M.Phil
Below is a list of common symptoms of anxiety. Please carefully read each item in the list. Indicate how much you
have been bothered by that symptom during the past month, including today, by circling the number in the
corresponding space in the column next to each symptom.
Not At All Mildly but it Moderately - it Severely – it
didn’t bother me wasn’t pleasant at bothered me a lot
much. times
Numbness or tingling 0 1 2 3
Feeling hot 0 1 2 3
Wobbliness in legs 0 1 2 3
Unable to relax 0 1 2 3
Fear of worst 0 1 2 3
happening
Dizzy or lightheaded 0 1 2 3
Heart pounding/racing 0 1 2 3
Unsteady 0 1 2 3
Terrified or afraid 0 1 2 3
Nervous 0 1 2 3
Feeling of choking 0 1 2 3
Hands trembling 0 1 2 3
Shaky / unsteady 0 1 2 3
Fear of losing control 0 1 2 3
Difficulty in breathing 0 1 2 3
Fear of dying 0 1 2 3
Scared 0 1 2 3
Indigestion 0 1 2 3
Faint / lightheaded 0 1 2 3
Face flushed 0 1 2 3
Hot/cold sweats 0 1 2 3
Column Sum

Scoring - Sum each column. Then sum the column totals to achieve a grand score. Write thatscore
here ______01______ .
Interpretation

A grand sum between 0 – 21 indicates very low anxiety. That is usually a good thing. However, it is
possible that you might be unrealistic in either your assessment which would be denial or that you have
learned to “mask” the symptoms commonly associated with anxiety. Too little “anxiety” could indicate that
you are detached from yourself, others, or your environment.

A grand sum between 22 – 35 indicates moderate anxiety. Your body is trying to tell you something. Look
for patterns as to when and why you experience the symptoms described above. For example, if it occurs
prior to public speaking and your job requires a lot of presentations you may want to find ways to calm
yourself before speaking or let others do some of the presentations. You may have some conflict issues that
need to be resolved. Clearly, it is not “panic” time but you want to find ways to manage the stress you feel.

A grand sum that exceeds 36 is a potential cause for concern. Again, look for patterns or times when you
tend to feel the symptoms you have circled. Persistent and high anxiety is not a sign of personal weakness or
failure. It is, however, something that needs to be proactively treated or there could be significant impacts to
you mentally and physically. You may want to consult a counselor if the feelings persist.
 11

Perceived Deficits Questionnaire

 Introduction

 Scoring

 Interpretation

 Test Form
 12

Perceived Deficits Questionnaire

1 Test Authors Sulivan MJ, Edgily k & DeGousx E

2 Year of Publication 1990

3 Use of Test Scale This instrument provides an assessment of the

attention/ concentration, retrospective memory,

prospective memory, and planning/ organization

4 Scoring Method The total score for PDQ is the sum of the score for the

20 items, Individual subscale score for

attention/concentration, retrospective memory,

prospective memory and planning/concentration can

also be generated by calculating the sum of specific

items.

5 No. of Item 20

6 Total Score 80

7 Scoring Attention/Concentration Items 1 5 9 13 17

Retrospective Memory 2 6 10 14 18

Prospective Memory 3 7 11 15 19

Planning/Organization 4+8+12+16+20

8 Interpretation Higher score indicates a greater level of deficit in

attention, retrospective memory, prospective memory

or planning/organization of mental domain

 13

Scoring of PDQ and Interpretation

Attention/Concentration Subscale:

Raw scores on Items 1+5+9+13+17 are added to compute this subscale score.

Consequently, scores can range from 0-20.

Item no. 1 (0) Item no. 5 (1) Item no. 9 (0) Item no. 13 (0) Item no. 17 (0)
01

Retrospective Memory Subscale:

Raw scores on Items 2+6+10+14+18 are added to compute this score. Scores can range

from 0-20.

Item no. 2 (0) Item no. 6 (0) Item no. 10 (0) Item no. 14 (0) Item no. 18 (1)
01

Prospective Memory Subscale:

Raw scores on Items 3+7+11+15+19 are added to compute this score. Scores can range

from 0-20.

Item no. 3 (1) Item no. 7 (0) Item no. 11 (1) Item no. 15 (0) Item no. 19 (1)
03

Planning/Organization Subscale:

Raw scores on Items 4+8+12+16+20 are added to compute this score. Scores can range

from 0-20.

Item no. 4 (1) Item no. 8 (1) Item no. 12 (0) Item no. 16 (0) Item no. 20 (0)
02

Interpretation:

The total computed score is low which indicate low minimal cognitive deficits, however

prospective memory subscale had score higher, although non-problematic, as compare to other

subscale and needs more exploration

 14

PDQ-1
Patient's Name: _Akhwand Saulat_____________ Date: _July_/_10_/2020
Month Day Year

ID# ____________ Test 1 2 3 4

PERCEIVED DEFICITS QUESTIONNAIRE (PDQ)

INSTRUCTIONS
Everyone at some point experiences problems with memory, attention, or concentration, but these
problems may occur more frequently for individuals with neurologic diseases like MS. The
following questions describe several situations in which a person may encounter problems with
memory, attention or concentration. If you are marking your own answers, please circle the
appropriate response (0,1, 2,...) based on your cognitive function during the past 4 weeks. If you
need help in marking your responses, tell the interviewer the number of the best response. Please
answer every question. If you are not sure which answer to select, please choose the one answer
that comes closest to describing you. The interviewer can explain any words or phrases that you
do not understand.
During the past 4 weeks, how often did you....

Some Almost
Never Rarely times Often always
1. lose your train of thought when speaking? 0 1 2 3 4

2. have difficulty remembering the names of

people, even ones you have met several
times? 0 1 2 3 4

3. forget what you came into the room for? 0 1 2 3 4

4. have trouble getting things organized? 0 1 2 3 4

5. have trouble concentrating on what people

are saying during a conversation? 0 1 2 3 4

6. forget if you had already done something? 0 1 2 3 4

7. miss appointments and meetings you had

scheduled? 0 1 2 3 4
 15

PDQ-2
During the past 4 weeks, how often did you....
Some Almost
Never Rarely times Often always

8. have difficulty planning what to do in the

day? 0 1 2 3 4

9 have trouble concentrating on things like

.watching a television program or reading a
book? 0 1 2 3 4

10. forget what you did the night before? 0 1 2 3 4

11. forget the date unless you looked it up? 0 1 2 3 4

12. have trouble getting started, even if you had

a lot of things to do? 0 1 2 3 4

13. find your mind drifting? 0 1 2 3 4

14. forget what you talked about after a

telephone conversation? 0 1 2 3 4

15. forget to do things like turn off the stove or

turn on your alarm clock? 0 1 2 3 4

16. feel like your mind went totally blank? 0 1 2 3 4

17. have trouble holding phone numbers in your

head, even for a few seconds? 0 1 2 3 4

18. forget what you did last weekend? 0 1 2 3 4

19. forget to take your medication? 0 1 2 3 4

20. have trouble making decisions? 0 1 2 3 4

0 7 0 0 0

Total: 07
 16

Rotter’s Incomplete Sentence Blank

 Introduction

 Scoring

 Interpretation

 Test Form
 17

Rotter’s Incomplete Sentence Blank

1 Test Author Julian Rotter and Rafferty

2 Year of Publication 1950

3 Year of Revision Shor, Hutt & Holzberg, 1992

4 Response Format Semi structure sentence

5 Use of the test Scale Screening and experimental purpose, to get information

about diagnostic value of treatment, assessment of

maladjustment.

6 Scoring Method Sentence completion are score by assigning a numerical

weight from 0 to 6 for each sentence a totaling the weight

to obtain an overall score. Responses on sentence can be

taking following forms.

1. Omission Response

2. Positive Response

3. Conflict Response

4. Neutral Response

The numerical weight for the four responses are as follow:

1. Conflict Responses (C3, C2, C1) = 6, 5, 4

2. Neutral Responses (N) = 3

3. Positive Responses (P3, P2, P1)= 0, 1, 2

7 No. of Item 40 Incomplete Sentences

8 Cut-off Score 135

9 Interpretation Assign Numbers C, P, and N to each item of the sentence,

add up score and analyze the result.

 18

Scoring

Positive Responses Neural Responses Conflict Responses

P3 P2 P1 N C1 C2 C3

0x 6 1 x 12 2x 8 3x7 4x5 5x 2 6x 0
0 12 16 21 20 10 0

Sum of Positive Responses Sum of Neutral Responses Sum of Conflict Responses

28 21 30

Grand Total
79

Interpretation
The cut-off score for Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank is 135 according tothe
manual of the said score whereas the score obtained on test is 79 whichlies far
below the cut-off score showing that the person is well adjusted in hisenvironment
 19

Rotters Incomplete Sentence Blank

    


P2  
P2    

P1    
P1  
N    

 
P2  
P2   
P3  
C1   
P2   
P2  
C1   
C1     
N  
P1   
P1 
N    
P2                                                         
P2                                                          
P3                                                          
 20

N                                                            
N                                                             
P3                                                            
P2                                                           
N                                                       


P3                                                              
P3                                                
P2                                                            
C1                                                    
C2                                                          
P2                                                              
P2                                                            
P1                                                        
P1                                                       
P3                                                          
C1                                                        
P1                                                              
P1                                                              
C2                                                   
N                                                            
 21

Mental Health Inventory

 Introduction

 Scoring

 Interpretation

 Test Form
 22

Mental Health Inventory

1 Test Author Veit and Ware

2 Year of publication 1983

3 Use of the test Scale This instrument provides an assessment of several

domains of mental health including, anxiety,

depression, behavioral control and positive effect.

4 Scoring method The scoring method for MHI is relatively complex

and generates a total score as well as subscale for

anxiety, depression, behavioral control and positive

effect. Item number 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13 and 15 are

negatively scored.

5 Total No of Item 18

6 Cut of score Anxiety 0-100

Depression 0-100

Behavioral control 0-100

Positive effect 0-100

7 Interpretation Higher score indicate a better mental health

 23

Scoring of MHI:

Anxiety Subscale: 22/5 = 4.4 -1 = 3.4 x 100 = 340/5 = 68

Depression Subscale: 22/5 = 4.4 -1 = 3.4 x100 = 340/5 = 68

Behavioral Control: 16/4 = 4 - 1 = 3 x100 = 300/5 = 60

Positive Affect: 8/4 = 2 - 1 = 1 x 100 = 100/5 = 20

The over score on MHI is 15 + 53 = 68/18 = 3.7 - 1 = 2.777 = 2.7777 x 100 = 277.7/5 = 55.5

Interpretation of MHI

The client’s score on Anxiety and Depression Subscale is 68 which indicates a better

management of anxiety and depression as compare to the behavioral control on which score is

60 rendering a moderate behavioral control. The score on positive affect is 20 i.e. there is low

positive affect. The overall score is 55.5 showing a moderate level of mental health overall
24
25
26
 27

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

 Introduction

 Scoring and Interpretation

 Different Personality Domains

 Quantitative Analysis

 Consistency

 Qualitative Analysis

 Test Forms
 28

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)

1 Test Author Allen L. Edwards

2 Year of Publication 1953

3 Year of Revision N/A

4 Use of Test Scale This inventory is used for the assessment of personality

Scoring Method The EPPS consists of 225 numbers with each number
consisting 2 statements, so there are 450 statements in
total. The respondent choose one statement from every
5 number on the basis of its closeness to his personal
characteristics. From that selection raw score on 15
different personality dimension is obtained. Through this
raw score psychometrician derive percentile rank.
6 No. of Item 225

Interpretation The scale interprets 15 domains of personality

Achievement, Deference, Order, Exhibition, Autonomy,
7 Affiliation, Intraception, Succorance, Dominance,
Abasement, Nurturance, Change, Endurance,
Heterosexuality, Aggression

Scoring and Interpretation:

The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule consists of 225 items, and is a forced choice,

objective, non-projective personality inventory. It measures 15 domains of personality by

summing up the options A horizontally and options B vertically, after that raw scoreis calculated

and percentile is derived via relevant percentile table. Higher percentile shows higherpreferences.
 29

Different Personality Domains:

1. Achievement: A need to accomplish tasks well.

2. Deference: A need to conform to customs and defer to others.

3. Order: A need to plan well and be organized.

4. Exhibition: A need to be the center of attention in a group.

5. Autonomy: A need to be free of responsibilities and obligations.

6. Affiliation: A need to form strong friendships and attachments.

7. Intraception: A need to analyze behaviors and feelings of others.

8. Succorance: A need to receive support and attention from others.

9. Dominance: A need to be a leader and influence others.

10. Abasement: A need to accept blame for problems and confess errors to others.

11. Nurturance: A need to be of assistance to others.

12. Change: A need to seek new experiences and avoid routine.

13. Endurance: A need to follow through on tasks and complete assignments.

14. Heterosexuality: A need to be associated with and attractive to members of opposite sex.

15. Aggression: A need to express ones opinion and be critical of others.

 30

Quantitative Analysis
Domain Raw Score Percentile

1 Achievement 14 46

2 Deference 14 52

3 Order 12 33

4 Exhibition 16 82

5 Autonomy 12 37

6 Affiliation 12 31

7 Intraception 16 69

8 Succorance 17 91

9 Dominance 14 50

10 Degradation 12 33

11 Abasement 12 26

12 Change 14 54

13 Endurance 16 44

14 Heterosexuality 14 66

15 Aggression 15 69

Consistency:

The consistency score of the test applied is 14 which shows that the responses by the

respondent are highly consistent.

 31

Qualitative Analysis:

Achievement:

The respondent’s percentile on personality domain of achievement is 46. Which shows that

he somewhat less achievement oriented as compare to other people. The respondent tend to search

to convenient ways to overcome any problem.

Deference:

On the deference domain of personality the respondent’s percentile is 52 which depicts that

he do sought the suggestions from others and observe the customs but act as he considers best.

Order:

The percentile score of 33 shows that the respondent mostly inconsiderate about the

systematic working and organization, mostly acting heedlessly.

Exhibition:

The high percentile score on the personality domain of exhibition i.e. 82 shows that the

respondent likes to be the center of attention and often use jokes and stories to impress others.

Autonomy:

The respondent’s percentile score on autonomy domain of personality is 37 showing that

he does not like to make his own decisions and feels himself always trapped in his own mind

because of the lack of opportunity to control his own life.

Affiliation:

The respondent percentile on affiliation domain of personality is 31 which shows that he

likes to maintain his distance from his friends and often find it difficult to form friendships. Likes

to be with friends but with no strings attached.

 32

Intraception:

The percentile score of 69 on intraception domain of personality shows that the respondent

had a strong sense of empathy he consider the point of view of others by putting himself in other

people shoes and peculiar to analyze and predict the motives and actions of others

Succorance:

The respondent appeared to like being on the receiving side weather it love,

encouragement, help etc. as predicted by the percentile score of 91 which is highest among all

being domains measured.

Dominance:

The respondent had an average preference to dominate as evident by the percentile score

of this domain i.e. 50.

Abasement:

The percentile score on the abasement/degradation domain of the personality is 33 which

depicts that respondent is less likely to feel miserable and often able to overcome depressive

conditions by his own.

Nurturance:

The nurturance domain of personality had a percentile score of 26 which shows that the

respondent is reluctant to show affection and sympathy towards other people.

Change:

The respondent’s percentile score on change domain of personality is 54 which shows that

he had inclination towards change and but usually stick to everyday and monotonous routine.
 33

Endurance:

The percentile score on endurance domain of personality is 44 which shows that respondent

tries very hard to stay focused on the tasks assigned to him but often finds it tedious to carry out.

Heterosexuality:

The respondent’s percentile score on the domain of heterosexuality is 66 through which

one can assume that he likes the company of the member of an opposite gender.

Aggression:

The percentile score of aggression domain of personality is 69 which depicts that the

respondent is very much inclined toward the showing his contrary opinions with others and to

causally make fun of them.

34
35
 36

House Tree Person

 Introduction

 Scoring and Interpretation

 General Interpretation

 Qualitative Analysis of House

 Qualitative Analysis of Tree

 Qualitative Analysis of Person

 House Picture

 Tree Picture

 Person Picture
 37

House Tree Person (HTP)

1 Test Author John Buck

2 Year of Publication 1948

3 Year of Revision 1969

Use of Test Scale This instrument could also provide relevant information
5
about the functioning of an individual’s personality

Scoring Interpretation Method Qualitative scoring scheme in which the test

administrator method subjectively analyzes the drawings

6
and the responses to questions in a way that assess test

taker’s personality.

7 No. of Drawings 3

Scoring and Interpretation

The HTP test can be administered as reflecting both attitudes and feelings towards

significant people in an individual’s life or feeling directed towards the self. The primary use of

HTP, however, is related to qualitative scoring schemes in which the test administrator subjectively

analyzes the drawings and the responses to questions in a way that assesses the test taker’s

personality. For some people, the house reflects their relationship to their mother, the tree reflects

feelings towards their father, and the person reflects feelings about themselves. For others, the

house, tree and person reveal different aspects of how the individual is feeling about

herself/himself.

Others method or interpretation focus on the function of the various parts in each of the

drawings.
 38

General Interpretation:

The center placement of all the picture shows that the person is well adjusted. The pattern

of darker lines is observed in all the three pictures which depicts that the person is aggressive and

in stress. The tension was indicated in the figures by heavy pressure.

Qualitative Analysis of House:

Size:

The picture of the house drawn by the subject is huge which depicts aggressive and hostile

tendencies.

Chimney:

The absence of chimney is referred to as lack of warmth regarding the father figure but the

picture could be analyzed with a cultural prospect which in which chimneys are not an essential

part of the house.

Door:

The presence of large door indicated social availability it is also a clue to dependence.

Windows:

Large open windows are present which shows that the subject had a readiness towards

environmental contact

Walkways:

Accessibility and openness to other people is indicated by the pathway that is leading to

door

Cars:

The presence of approaching car shows that the subject had a welcoming nature and like

being visited by guests

 39

Qualitative Analysis of Tree:

Trunk

The trunk of the tree drawn by the subject is large which shows increased ego strength of

the subject. Lines on the trunk indicates that the subject is anxious about herself. The curved trunk

indicates flexibility and an ability to adapt.

Branches:

Club shaped branches and pointy leaves drawn by the subject indicates that the aggressive

tendencies could be present in her.

Tree Type:

Subject has drawn an open leafy tree where the crown is buildup of branches covered by

leaves which indicates that she is cautious and reflective believing that she control her interaction

with environment through their own choices.

Qualitative Analysis of Person

Arms

The open arms drawn by the subject indicates that she is willing to engage social settings.

Fingers

It was observed the subject has drawn pointed fingers which shows the possibility of

aggressive tendencies.

Hairs:

The hairs in the drawing indicates a presence of sensuality.

Eyes:

Big eyes were drawn by the subject which shows the desire to know about the world.

Eye Lashes and Brows:

Eye lashes and eyes brows were drawn in the person drawing which depicts perfectionism.

Ears:

The presence of ears shows subject’s readiness to seek advisory from others
40
41
42
 43

Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS)

 Introduction

 Scoring and Interpretation

 Qualitative Analysis

 Test Form
 44

Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS)

1 Test Author Fisk et al.

2 Year of Publication 1994

3 Year of Revision N/A

4 Use of Test/Scale This instrument provides an assessment of the effects of

fatigue in terms of physical, cognitive and psychosocial

functioning.

5 Scoring Method Total score for the MFIS is the sum of the scores for the

21 items. Individual subscale score for physical,

cognitive and psychosocial functioning can also be

generated by calculating the sum of specific sets of items

6 No. of Item 21

7 Total Score Physical fatigue 0-36

Cognitive fatigue 0-40

Psychosocial fatigue 0- 8

8 Interpretation Higher scores indicate a greater impact of fatigue on

person's activities.

Scoring and Interpretation

The items on the MFIS can be aggregated into three subscales (physical, cognitive and

psychosocial), as well as into total MFIS score. All items are scaled so that higher scores indicate

a greater impact of fatigue on a person's activities.

 45

Physical Subscale: This scale can range from 0 to 36. It is computed by adding raw scores

on their following items: 4+6+7+10+13+14+17+20+21

Cognitive Subscale: This scale can range from 0 to 40. It is computed by adding raw

scores on their following items: 1+2+3+5+11+12+15+16+18+19

Psychosocial Subscale: This scale can range from 0 to 8. It is computed by adding raw

scores on their following items: 8 and 9

Total MFIS Score: The total MFIS score can range from 0-84. It is computed by

addingscores on the physical, cognitive and psychosocial subscales.

Qualitative Analysis:

Subject scored 11 on physical fatigue, which indicate moderate impact of fatigue on

physical activities.

Subject scored 5 on cognitive fatigue, which indicate relatively lower impact of fatigue

when doing mental task, as compare of other two subscales

Subject scored 3 on psychosocial fatigue, which indicate moderate impact of fatigue on

psychosocial activities.

The total score of client on MFIS is 19 which indicates little overall impact of fatigue on

the activities of the subject.

 46

Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS)

Fatigue is a feeling of physical tiredness and lack of energy that many people
experience from time to time. But people who have medical conditions like MS
experience stronger feelings of fatigue more often and with greater impact than others.

Following is a list of statements that describe the effects of fatigue. Please read each
statement carefully, the circle the one number that best indicates how often fatigue has
affected you in this way during the past 4 weeks. (If you need help in marking your
responses, tell the interviewer the number of the best response.) Please answer every
question. If you are not sure which answer to select choose the one answer that comes
closest to describing you. Ask the interviewer to explain any words or phrases that you
do not understand.

Because of my fatigue during the past 4 weeks

Sometimes

Always
Almost
Rarely
Never

Often
1. I have been less alert. 0 1 2 3 4
2. I have had difficulty paying attention for long periods of 0 1 2 3 4
time.
3. I have been unable to think clearly. 0 1 2 3 4
4. I have been clumsy and uncoordinated. 0 1 2 3 4
5. I have been forgetful. 0 1 2 3 4
6. I have had to pace myself in my physical activities. 0 1 2 3 4
7. I have been less motivated to do anything that requires 0 1 2 3 4
physical effort.
8. I have been less motivated to participate in social 0 1 2 3 4
activities.
9. I have been limited in my ability to do things away from 0 1 2 3 4
home.
10. I have trouble maintaining physical effort for long 0 1 2 3 4
periods.
11. I have had difficulty making decisions. 0 1 2 3 4
12. I have been less motivated to do anything that requires 0 1 2 3 4
thinking
13. My muscles have felt weak 0 1 2 3 4
14. I have been physically uncomfortable. 0 1 2 3 4
15. I have had trouble finishing tasks that require thinking. 0 1 2 3 4
16. I have had difficulty organizing my thoughts when doing 0 1 2 3 4
things at home or at work.
17. I have been less able to complete tasks that require 0 1 2 3 4
physical effort.
 47

Sometimes

Always
Almost
Rarely
Never

Often
18. My thinking has been slowed down. 0 1 2 3 4
19. I have had trouble concentrating. 0 1 2 3 4
20. I have limited my physical activities. 0 1 2 3 4
21. I have needed to rest more often or for longer periods. 0 1 2 3 4

Instructions for Scoring the MFIS

Items on the MFIS can be aggregated into three subscales (physical, cognitive, and
psychosocial), as well as into a total MFIS score. All items are scaled so that higher
scores indicate a greater impact of fatigue on a person’s activities.

Physical Subscale
This scale can range from 0 to 36. It is computed by adding raw scores on
the following items: 4+6+7+10+13+14+17+20+21. 11
Cognitive Subscale
This scale can range from 0 to 40. It is computed by adding raw scores on
the following items: 1+2+3+5+11+12+15+16+18+19. 5
Psychosocial Subscale
This scale can range from 0 to 8. It is computed by adding raw scores on
the following items: 8+9. 3
Total MFIS Score
The total MFIS score can range from 0 to 84. It is computed by adding
scores on the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial subscales. 19
 48

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

 Introduction

 Qualitative Analysis

 Test Form
 49

Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

1 Test Author Sheldon Cohen

2 Year of Publication 1983

3 Year of Revision 1988

4 Use of Test/Scale This instrument is widely used psychological instrument

for measuring the perception of stress. It is a measure of

the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised

as stressful.

5 Scoring Method PSS scores are obtained by reversing responses (e.g.,

0=4, 1=3, 2=2, 3=1, 4,1 to the four positively scored

items (item 4, 5, 7 . 8) and then summing across all scale

items

6 No. of Item 10

7 Total Score 40

8 Score Ranges Low Perceived Stress 0-13

Moderate Perceived Stress 14-26

High Perceived Stress 27-40

The PSS was designed for use in community samples with at least a junior high school

education. The items are easy to understand, and the responses alternatives are simple to grasp.

Moreover, the questions are of a general nature and hence are relatively free of content specific to

any subpopulation group. The questions in the PSS ask about feelings and thoughts during the last

month. In each case, respondents are asked how often they felt certain way.
 50

Qualitative Analysis

The client scored 7 on PSS. His scores indicate that the client has low level of perceived

stress. There is no probability that later in his life, his perceived stress will increase.
 51

PERCEIVED STRESS SCALE

The questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month.
In each case, you will be asked to indicate by circling how often you felt or thought a
certain way.

Name ____________________________________________________________ Date ______________

Age ________ Gender (Circle): M F Other _____________________________________

0 = Never 1 = Almost Never 2 = Sometimes 3 = Fairly Often 4 = Very Often

1. In the last month, how often have you been upset because of
something that happened unexpectedly? 0 1 2 3 4
2. In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to
control the important things in your life? 0 1 2 3 4
3. In the last month, how often have you felt nervous and “stressed”? 0 1 2 3 4
4. In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your
ability to handle your personal problems? 0 1 2 3 4
5. In the last month, how often have you felt that things were going
your way? 0 1 2 3 4
6. In the last month, how often have you found that you could not cope
with all the things that you had to do? 0 1 2 3 4
7. In the last month, how often have you been able to control irritations
in your life? 0 1 2 3 4
8. In the last month, how often have you felt that you were on top of
things? 0 1 2 3 4
9. In the last month, how often have you been angered because of
things that were outside of your control? 0 1 2 3 4
10. In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up
so high that you could not overcome them? 0 1 2 3 4

[email protected]
www.mindgarden.com
References
The PSS Scale is reprinted with permission of the American Sociological Association, from Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R.
(1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 386-396.
Cohen, S. and Williamson, G. Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States. Spacapan, S. and Oskamp, S. (Eds.) The
Social Psychology of Health. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1988.
 52

The Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory

 Introduction

 Qualitative Analysis

 Test Form
 53

The Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory

1 Test Author Holmes-Rahe

2 Year of Publication 1967

3 Year of Revision N/A

4 Use of Test/Scale This instrument provides an assessment of stress.

5 Scoring Method Add all the ticked items. It will give result about stress

level.

6 No. of Item 43

7 Total Score 1401

8 Interpretation 150 pts or less indicate low susceptibility to stress

induced health breakdown.

150-300 pts indicate chances of major health breakdown

in next two years.

300 pts or more rises the odds to about 80%

Qualitative Analysis

Client score 145. It indicates low level of stress that he faces during the previous year. And

he has lesser chances for major health breakdown coming life. No therapeutic techniques necessary

for him.
 The Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory 54
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale

INSTRUCTIONS: Mark down the point value of each of these life events that has happened
to your during the previous year . Total these associated points.

LIFE EVENT MEAN VALUE

1. Death of spouse 100

2. Divorce 73
3. Marital Separation from mate 65
4. Detention in jail or other institution 63
5. Death of a close family member 63
6. Major personal injury or illness 53
7. Marriage 50
8. Being fired at work 47
9. Marital reconciliation with mate 45
10. Retirement from work 45
11. Major change in the health or behavior of a family member 44
12. Pregnancy 40
13. Sexual Difficulties 39
14. Gaining a new family member (i.e.... birth, adoption, older adult moving in, etc.) 39
15. Major business readjustment 39
16. Major change in financial state (i.e. ... a lot worse or better off than usual ) 38
17. Death of a close friend 37
18. Changing to a different line of work 36
19. Major change in the number of arguments w/spouse (i.e. ... either a lot more or a lot less than usual 35
regarding child rearing, personal habits, etc.)
20. Taking on a mortgage ( for home, business, etc. ... ) 31
21. Foreclosure on a mortgage or loan 30
22. Major change in responsibilities at work (i.e. promotion, demotion, etc.) 29
23. Son or daughter leaving home (marriage, attending college, joined mil.) 29
24. In- law troubles 29
25. Outstanding personal achievement 28
26. Spouse beginning or ceasing work outside the home 26
27. Beginning or ceasing formal schooling 26
28. Major change in living condition (new home, remodeling, deterioration of neighborhood or home etc.) 25
29. Revision of personal habits (dress manners, associations, quitting smoking ) 24
30. Troubles with the boss 23
31. Major changes in working hours or conditions 20
32. Changes in residence 20
33. Changing to a new school 20
34. Major change in usual type and/or amount of recreation 19
35. Major change in church activity (i.e. ... a lot more or less than usual ) 19
36. Major change in social activities (clubs, movies, visiting, etc . ) 18
37. Taking on a loan (car, tv, freezer, etc . ) 17
38. Major change in sleeping habits (a lot more or a lot less than usual ) 16
39. Major change in number of family get -togethers ("" ) 15
40. Major change in eating habits (a lot more or less food intake, or very different meal hours or 15
surroundings)
41. Vacation 13
42. Major holidays 12
43. Minor violations of the law (traffic tickets, jaywalking, disturbing the peace, etc. ) 11

Now, add up all the points you have to find your score TOTAL 145

150pts or less means a relatively low amount of life change and a low susceptibility to stress - induced health breakdown.
150 to 300 pts implies about a 50% chance of a major health breakdown in the next 2 years.
.
300pts or more raises the odds to about 80% according to the Holmes - Rahe statistical prediction model .