COURSE MODULE Gingoog City Colleges, Inc.

MODULE WEEK NO.1

University Logo Brgy. 24-A, Gingoog City

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

NET 102: Advance Networking
Semester of A.Y. 2020-2021

Introduction

These 3 Lessons have discussed the fundamentals of Networking like Technology (Sender &
Receiver), Cables, and Devices. Fundamentals because nowadays almost all of the Network
materials/equipment are already Plug and Play, meaning even though you are not inclined with Protocols
but you have the knowledge about these 3 lessons you can still make a simple Network.

Rationale

IT environment is not only talking with Programs but IT students must also have knowledge about Hardware and
Networking for future use, they need to have an idea about data communication for the database of their
programs.

Intended Learning Outcomes

A. ILO1 Explain computer network technology.
B. ILO 2 Illustrate cables in computer network.
C. ILO 3 Differentiate networking devices.
Activity

Arrange me Picture: Physical Mailing Method

Direction: Place the number at the box provided in the cycle directed graph to complete the mailing
process, write the number only which represents the picture.

1. Sender 2. Receiver

3. Letter 4. Mail Office

Discussion

Unit 1: Computer Network: Introduction

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 When data transmission (Audio/Video/Files) takes place only between two or more computer through a
communication medium such as Wires/Cables is known as a Computer Network.
 When data transmission (Audio/Video/Files) takes place only between two or more Mobile devices through
a communication medium such as Wires/Cables is known as a Mobile Network.
 When data transmission (Audio/Video/Files) takes place between Computers and Mobile devices through a
communication medium such as Wires/Cables is known as a Device Network.

Computer Network: Sample

 

 Sender, Receiver, Communication medium/Channel, Protocol and Message are the five components of any
computer network. The sender is one who sends the data packets through the communication medium by
following protocols and the data packets are received by the receiver.
 Hence, a network can be defined as the set of devices (mobile/computer) connected through a
communication link.
 
Advantages: Computer Networks
 Computer Networks allows users to transmit data from one end to other. Weather the network is wired or
wireless, it is capable of providing services to its users on regular basis in an efficient, secure and fast
manner. Some of the advantages of computer networks are:
1. Data Communication
2. Easy to establish connection
3. Sharing of Resources
4. Fast
5. Reliable
6. High Performance
7. Flexible
8. Cost effective

Disadvantages: Computer Networks

 With many advantages, disadvantages comes too. Computer networks does possess a number of
disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages are:
1. Security is always a major concern.
2. Less security means more prone to viruses and malware.
3. Skilled Workers required.
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Applications: Computer Networks
 The concept of computer networks is used widely. Some of the major fields where computer networks can
be applied peacefully are:
1. Web/Internet
2. E-commerce
3. Email
4. File Transfer
5. Remote Database Access
6. Remote Location Access
7. Banking Sector
8. Video Conferencing

Unit 1 Lesson 1: Network Technology:

 Network technology defines the concepts on which any network is structured. This concept can be applied
on any network on the basis of:
 Transmission.
 Scale.

 Further, network technology on the basis of transmission can be done using point to point and multipoint
concept.
 Data exchange and transmission can be done using network technology.

Network Technology: Computer Networks

 
Network Technology: On the Basis of Transmission
1. Point-to-Point: When nodes (Sender & Receiver) are directly connected, Data transmission is done through a
guided medium for wired network and through unguided medium for wireless medium.

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Point-to-Point: Network Technology

 
2. Multi-point: A number of nodes are directly connected through a common medium in a linear fashion. It is
like a one device to many device data transmission mode.

Multi-point: Network Technology

 
 Concept of multi-point transmission works on either Time sharing connection or spatially shared connection.
In Time sharing connection, each node is offered a separate slot of time to communicate. But in Spatially
shared connection, all the nodes can communicate simultaneously at a time.
 
Network Technology: On the Basis of Scale
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
 Local area network, also known as IEEE 802 is a network that comprises of devices such as laptops,
computer & mobiles connected together within a small range. The range is from 100m to 10KM.
 Below mentioned table shows the properties of a local area network based upon its users, speed, and range
and error rate.

LAN Comparison

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 Peripheral Devices such as scanners, Printers etc.

 HUBs: A HUB is called the center of a network which is responsible for absorbing the signals and is
intelligent enough to transmit the data packets from source to destination node.
 Cables: Twisted Pair, Co-Axial cables and Optical Fibers. Optical Fiber is used as backbone cable
because of its high bandwidth ability.
 Computers or Nodes or PC or Host or Server or Workstation.
 NIC: Network Interface Card.
 
2. Wide Area Network (WAN): A network in which multiple Metropolitan Area Networks are combined
together through a networking device called Router forms a Wide Area Network.

WAN: Network Technology

 
Types of WANs
1. Public Wan: It is handled by government departments.
2. Private Wan: It is developed by US Military Department, Defense wing called ARPANET.

Elements of WAN
 Bridge: It is a device which is used for connecting similar or dissimilar LANs.
 Router: It is a device which is used for connecting similar or dissimilar networks.
 Gateway: It is a device used for connecting networks with different types of architectures.  For
Example: Communication between a mobile device having 4G connection and landline device having
2G connection can be done using gateway.
 
3. Personal Area Network (PAN)
 A network which is used for personal purpose and is created through Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to share data is
called as Personal Area Network.
 For Example: Bluetooth Network, Wi-Fi hotspot.
 
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4. Virtual Private Network (VPN)

 A virtual private network is a private network which is established virtually over the public network in
order to communicate and transmit data from one node to another. A user having a virtual private
network access can transmit data anonymously without limitations.

Unit 1 Lesson 2: Cables in Computer Networks:

 Cables are the one of the most important component in any network. Cables in computer networks acts
as the transmission medium through which data transmission takes place from one node to other. The
cables in computer networks are classified as :

Cable Categorization: Computer Networks

  
Cables in Computer Networks: Twisted Pair Cables
 Two or more than two insulated wires when twisted together forms twisted pair cables. These cable can
further be classified into two types based on their features and usability.
o Un-Shielded twisted pair (UTP).
o Shielded Twisted Pair (STP).
 
     A) Un-Shielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
 The most commonly general purpose cables used in the computer networks world are un-shielded
twisted pair cable. They do not have any special coating or shield on the upper layers which results in
high electromagnetic interference and hence named as un-shielded.
 Cables used for LANs and Telephones are unshielded twisted pair cables.
 Because of cheap nature, easy installation and maintenance, they have high demands.
 Unshielded twisted pair cables are used for voice and data transmission single handedly.
 Copper is used for making UTP cables.
 
     B) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
 The basic difference between UTP and STP is, shielded twisted pair cables contains a special coating on
the top of the wire. This coating prevents leakage of electromagnetic interference which results in high
data transmission speeds.
 These cables are laid under the ground and are difficult to maintain.
 This leads to higher installation cost and maintenance cost.
 Copper is used for making STP cables.
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Cables in Computer Networks: Co-Axial Cables

 Co-axial cables has lesser electromagnetic interference because of its double coating on over the core of
the cable. Thus, resulting in higher bandwidth and less data losses.
 Co-axial cables are also called as radio guided cables i.e. RG-59 cables.
 These cables are much thicker than twisted pair cables having a diameter of range “0.4 to 1” inch.
 Copper is used for making Co-Axial cables.
 Long distance telephone lines is the example of co-axial cables.
 
Cables in Computer Networks: Optical Fiber
 Optical Fibers are commonly known as backbone cables. They have the highest bandwidth among all the
types of cables available.
 Optical Fibers are made by combining glass and plastic together which results in a durable, flexible and
cylindrical cables.
 Because of their glass and plastic architecture, they are quite thin and sensitive.
 Optical fibers can be divided into three major parts:
o Core: The center most part.
o Cladding: layer on an optical fiber which ensures that no two individual cables comes in a direct
contact.
o Jacket: Outermost covering over the optical fiber.
 The concept of optical fiber is based upon “Total Internal Reflection”. Thus, data travels in the form of
light with the speed of light forming a zigzag pattern inside the optical fiber.

Features of Optical Fibers
 They have wider temperature range i.e. they does not break or lose shape whenever temperature
changes.
 As plastic and glass are used to make optical fibers, EMF does not have any effect on it.
 No short circuits.
 Data transmission over a long distance can be done without regenerating the signals.
 Optical Fibers are highly expensive and are not used in small organizations.
 
Cables in Computer Networks: Comparison among Specifications of Cables

Cable Comparison: Computer Networks

Unit 1 Lesson 3: Networking Devices

 Networking devices hold the key to generate a network through which communication can occur. These
devices are responsible smooth data transmission among different nodes of same network and/or nodes
of different network.
 There are five basic devices which are used for data transmission. These are:

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Networking Devices
 
1. Networking Devices: Bridge
 Bridge is a device which is used for connecting similar or dissimilar Local Area Networks (LANs).
 Its concept is based upon store and forward technology.
 By connecting different LANs, it can expand the geographical are of a network.
 A bridge consists of two ports and different LANs can be connected through these ports.
 Brides amplifies the signals and filter the data packets as required.

Networking Devices: Bridge

 
2. Networking Devices: Router
 A router is a device which is used for connecting similar and dissimilar networks.
 In any network whenever data transmission occurs, it is done through a series of nodes that are
connected from source to destination. The shortest path to transmit the data from source to destination is
called as route and this process is called as routing and this is achieved using routers.
 Routers are combination of software and hardware. A simple network connected through router is
depicted below.

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Networking Devices: Router

 
 If node N3 wants to transmit data to node N11, it will be transmitted through routers with the shortest
path possible.

Networking Devices: Router

 
3. Networking Devices: Gateway
 Gateway is another network device which is used for connecting networks with different types of
architectures. For Example: Communication between a mobile device having 4G connection and
landline device having 2G connection can be done using gateway.
 
4. Networking Devices: HUBs
 A HUB is a multi-port repeater in which, signals received at a port and floods out that signal to all other
ports connected to the devices except the one that originated the signal.

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Networking Devices: HUB

 
5. Networking Devices: Repeater
 In all communication channels, signals get week after they travel some particular amount of distance. So
it is necessary to boost up these week signals, which is done with the help of repeaters.

Networking Devices: Repeater

 
6. Networking Devices: Modem
 Modem is a combinatory network device consisting of Modulator and De-modulator. It is a type of
signal converter.
 Modem is responsible for converting analog to digital signals and/or digital to analog signal. This
process is called modulation.
 It allow transmission of analog data signals to digital data signals from landline telephone cables to
computers. The data packets are segmented into smaller packets and are transmitted through the
medium. Modem restructure those smaller data packets before receiver receives it.

Networking Devices: Modem

 
Transmission Modes
 Transmission mode refers to the manner in which communication among nodes occurs. There are three
basic transmission modes used in the field of computer science and networking.
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2. Half Duplex Transmission Mode.

3. Full Duplex Transmission Mode.
 
1. Simplex Transmission Mode
 In Simplex Transmission Mode, communication can be done in a single direction only i.e.
unidirectional. It consist of a single sender and single/multiple users. For example: Radio, Pager.

Simplex Transmission
 
2. Half Duplex Transmission Mode
 In Half Duplex Transmission Mode, communication can be done bi-direction-ally but one at a time. For
example: Walkie-talkie, Railway Track.

Half Duplex Transmission

 
3. Full Duplex Transmission Mode
 In Full Duplex Transmission Mode, data transmission can be done from both the nodes simultaneously
is known as two way communication mode. For example: Mobile.

Full Duplex Transmission

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Exercise

There are 2 ways to answer this Exercise: Date of submission: ______________________

1. In Module, for those students whose low/no connectivity.
2. Online Interaction, for those students whose high connectivity. Auto-generated grade after
Instructor checked the responses and to avoid going of school, grades are sent to your Emails.
A time comes the instructor will provide you a Link.

MODULE WEEK NO.1

Exercise 1: Multiple Choice
Direction: Read the question carefully and select your answer wisely, encircle the letter for your desire answer.
(2 points each number)

1. Transferring of data between the computers to the printer.

a. Mobile Network b. Computer Network
c. Device Network d. Wireless Network

2. Transferring of data between clients to the server computer.

a. Mobile Network b. Computer Network
c. Device Network d. Wireless Network

3. When data transmission takes place between two or more devices.

a. Mobile Network b. Computer Network
c. Device Network d. Wireless Network

4. What term describes physical elements like cable used to communicate computers?
a. Protocols b. Method
c. Technology d. Transmission Medium

5. A network technology that communicates purpose is for personal sharing only.

a. LAN b. WAN
c. PAN d. VPN

6. Highest data transfer among all types of cables in the computer network.
a. Optical Fiber b. Co-axial Cable
c. UTP d. STP

7. What kind of networking device will send all data in all nodes connected to it?
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MODULE WEEK NO.1

c. HUB d. MODEM

8. Networking device capable of connecting multiple networks.

a. Bridge b. Router
c. HUB d. MODEM

9. What category of data transmission in which communication is done in one direction only?
a. Simplex Transmission b. Half Duplex Transmission
c. Full Duplex Transmission d. Duplex Transmission

10. Mode of transmission whereas the communication is done on both sides alternately.
a. Simplex Transmission b. Half Duplex Transmission
c. Full Duplex Transmission d. Duplex Transmission

Exercise 2: Paragraph Writing

Direction: Base on the table below, write what you observe on the table in terms of User, Speed, Range, and
Error rate. Write your answer to the space provided below on the table.

LAN Comparison

User:

Speed:

Range:

Error rate:

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Rubric
Content/Ideas 4 points
Appeal/Style 2 points
Error Free 2 points
Timeliness (Submission) 2 points
TOTAL 10 points

Assessment

Synthesis Journal
What I did? What I learned? How I can use it?

Resources and Additional Resources

Bibliography
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beginners-guide-to-qos-on-your-router/
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https://www.howtogeek.com/66214/how-to-forward-ports-on-your-router/
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%20WAN%20provider.
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