Scribd
Upload
27 views

Applied Math C.01

This document discusses mathematical functions and their graphical representation. Section 1.1 defines what a function is and introduces key concepts like domain, range, and input/output mapping. It provides examples of linear functions and their graphical representation. Section 1.2 describes different types of functions including constant, linear, quadratic, polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic and composite functions. Section 1.3 discusses representing functions graphically, including linear, quadratic, cubic and other polynomial functions as well as piecewise functions.

Uploaded by

Roge Sepian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views

Applied Math C.01

This document discusses mathematical functions and their graphical representation. Section 1.1 defines what a function is and introduces key concepts like domain, range, and input/output mapping. It provides examples of linear functions and their graphical representation. Section 1.2 describes different types of functions including constant, linear, quadratic, polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic and composite functions. Section 1.3 discusses representing functions graphically, including linear, quadratic, cubic and other polynomial functions as well as piecewise functions.

Uploaded by

Roge Sepian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

CHAPTER 1

MATHEMATICAL
FUNCTIONS

1.1 Functions
1.2 Types of Functions
1.3 Graphical Representation of
Functions
1.1 Functions
• In mathematical models, the significant
relationships typically are represented by
mathematical functions or more simply,
functions.

• A function is a mathematical rule that


assigns to each input value one and only
one output value.

• The domain of a function is the set consisting


of all possible input values.

• The range of a function is the set consisting


of all possible output values.
1.1 Functions

• The assigning of output values to


corresponding input values is often referred to
as a mapping.

FIGURE 1.1
Input-output representation of Function

“Input” Function “Output”


y  3x  8
x4 y  20
y  3( 4)  8
y  20
Restricted Domain and Range
• In a practical sense there may be
conditions within an application which
restrict the domain and range of a
function from assuming values in the
interval (- ∞, ∞).
The Nature and Notation of Functions
• The language of mathematics provides a
way of describing how variables are
functionally related.
• The equation y = f(x) denotes functional
relationship between the variables x and y.
• The respective roles of the two variables
result in the variable x being called the
independent variable and the variable y
being called the dependent variable.
Multivariate Functions
• Functions which contain more than
one independent variable are called
multivariate functions.
y = f(x1, x2, x3, . . . , xn)
FIGURE 1.2
Sample Mappings

FUNCTION

domain range

FUNCTION

domain
range

NOT A FUNCTION
domain range
PROBLEMS: Sec 1.1
1. The function C(x) = 25x+80000 expresses the
total cost C(x) (in dollars) of manufacturing x
units of a product. If the maximum number of
units which can be produced equals 20,000,
state the restricted domain and range for this
cost function.

2. The function q = f(p) =250,000 – 25p is a


demand function which expresses the quantity
demanded of a product q as a function of the
price charged for the product p, stated in
dollars. Determine the restricted domain and
range for this function.
PROBLEMS: Sec 1.1
3. In manufacturing a product, a firm incurs costs
of two types. Fixed annual costs of $200,000
are incurred regardless of the number of units
produced. In addition, each unit produced
costs the firm $8. If C equals total annual cost
in dollars and x equals the number of units
produced during a year,
a. Determine the function which expresses
annual cost.
b. What is f(200,000) ? What does it
represent?
c. State the restricted domain and range of the
function if maximum production capacity is
300,000 units per year.
4. A company estimates that the number of units
it sells each year is a function of the
expenditures on radio and TV advertising. The
specific function is z = f(x,y) = 50,000x +
40,000y – 10x2 – 20y2 – 10xy where z equals
the number of units sold annually, x equals the
amount spent for TV advertising, and y equals
the amount spent for radio advertising (both in
thousands of dollars).
a. Determine the expected annual sales if $40,000 is
spent on TV advertising and $20,000 is spent on
radio advertising.
b. What are expected sales if $50,000 and $100,000
are spent, respectively?
1.2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
• Constant Functions
y = f(x) = a0
where a0 is real

domain range

• Linear Functions
y = f(x) = a1x + a0
where a1 and a0 are real
1.2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

•Quadratic Functions
y = a2x2 + a1x + a0
where a2, a1, and a0 are real and a2 ≠ 0

• Cubic Functions
y = a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0
where a3, a2, a1 and a0 are real and a3≠ 0
1.2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
• Polynomial Functions
y = anxn + an-1xn-1 + . . . + a1x + a0
where an, . . ., a0 are real and an ≠ 0.
1.2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
• Rational Functions
g ( x)
y  f ( x) 
h( x )

where both numerator and


denominator are polynomial functions
1.2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

• Exponential Functions
y = c f(x)
where c is real

• Logarithmic Functions
y = log b f(x)
1.2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

• Combination of Functions

example:
y = (log (x2 + 5) – log(2x2 – 7) ) *ex
1.2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
• Composite Functions
If y = g(u) and u = h(x),
the composite function y = f(x) = g(h(x))
is created by substituting h(x) into g(u).

• Implicit Functions
f(x, y) = 0
PROBLEMS: Sec 1.2

1. A police department has determined that the


number of serious crimes which occur per
week (c) is a function of the number of police
officers assigned to preventive patrol (p).
Specifically, the mathematical function is
c = f(p) = 1250 – 2.5p.
a. What class of function is this?
b. What is the expected number of crimes if 250
officers are assigned to preventive patrol?
c. How many officers would have to be assigned
if it is desired to reduce weekly crime levels to
500? To 0?
PROBLEMS: Sec 1.2
2. A supply function is given as qs = 0.5p2 – 200
were qs equals the number of units supplied
(stated in thousands) and p equals the selling
price.
a. What class of function is this?
b. What quantity would be supplied if the
market price is $30? 50$?
c. What price would result in 0 units’ being
brought to the marketplace?
PROBLEMS: Sec 1.2

3. Consider the relation 8p + 20q – 25,000 = 0


where p equals the price of a product in dollars
and q equals the quantity demanded in units.
Determine the corresponding explicit demand
functions q = f(p) and p = h(q).
PROBLEMS: Sec 1.2
1.3 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
FUNCTIONS
• Linear functions
- plot two points

• Quadratic Functions
- determine the vertex of the parabola and the
length of the latus rectum

• Cubic, Polynomial, Rational Functions


- point plotting, curve sketching techniques
Piece-wise defined functions

You might also like