TOPIC / LESSON 1: Function

CONTENT STANDARD: The learner demonstrates understanding of the key concepts of

functions.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner is able to accurately construct mathematical
models to represent real-life situations using functions.

MOST ESSENTIAL COMPETENCIES: The learner,

• represent real-life situations using functions including piece-wise functions.
• evaluates a function.
• performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions.
• solves problems involving functions.
TIME ALOTMENT: 4 hours (1 week)

In this lesson, it presents a comprehensive discussion on the properties, graphs and behavior of
various types of functions. It also includes relevant applications of functions in real-life situations. The
lesson in this unit are arranged from the basics to the more advanced topics to sustain your interest that
consequently leads to achieving a deep understanding of the important concepts on function and their
properties and application. There are tables, graphs, and illustrations, to meet your needs and learning
styles. The following activities have various types and levels of difficulty and they include manipulation
of real-life tools and technology.
 
 ACTIVTY 1: CONCEPT – LINKING

In many real-life situations, there are quantities that depend on one or more variables. For
example, the amount of salary of an employee receives in a month depends on the number of days he or
she works. The general grade point average of a student is determined by his or her grades in all of his or
her subjects. Similarly, the monthly electricity bill of a household is determined by the number of
kilowatts it consumed for a given month. In Mathematics, the relationship between two distinct quantities
based on a definite rule is referred to as a function. Now, your task is to sight a situation that shows the
concept of Function based on your own understanding and make a logical connection. Do this activity in
a long sheet of bond paper.

CONCEPT LINKING

You have learned in the previous that a function can be presented in a form of an equation. The
number assign to a given variable determines the value of the function at that number. This process is
known as evaluating functions. When you evaluate a function, it means that you are going to solve for the
function value given a particular value of the variable used in the equation and it’s also used the basic
fundamental operators such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
For further readings kindly open your book on page 2-37, read and comprehend the illustrations written
on your book to answer the next activity.

ACTIVITY 2: PROBLEM SOLVING

What have you learned so far? To measure it, solves the following function. Do this activity in
one whole sheet of paper (Show your solutions.)
1. Let f be a function defined by f ( x )=5 x−3 . Find the following

a. f (−2) b. f ( 12 ) c. f ( 3 )+f (−3)

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 f (−1)
d. e. f (10)
f (4 )

Since you already understand how to evaluate and operate functions, so let’s now apply our
learned skills about the concept of functions in real life by answering the problem below.

1. The surface area (SA) of a cube is a function of its edges. Determine the length of the edge of
the square box if its surface area is 1 350 cm2.

2. You work as a hairstylist in a well-known salon and spa where you are entitled to a 20%
employee discount on all its services. During your last birthday, your boss gave you a certificate
worth ₱ 600. Now, you plan to pamper yourself with a hair treatment and a whole body massage
worth ₱ 5 000. Your boss gave you two options: (a) subtract the amount of the gift certificate
first from the total amount and then apply the 20% discount or (b) take first the 20% employee
discount and then subtract the amount of the gift certificate. Which deal is better? Explain your
answer.

ACTIVITY 3: PHOTO JOURNAL

Create a photo journal that shows aspects of life that are governed by function. Make an
explanation regarding how each photo concretizes the idea of functions. Do this activity in a long sheet of
bond paper and please be guided with the criteria below.

Excellent Satisfactory Good

CRITERIA 25 points 20 points 15 points
Application of the concept of Functions (25
points)
Creativity (25 points)

insert quiz

TOPIC / LESSON 2: Rational Function

CONTENT STANDARD: The learner demonstrates understanding of the key concepts of
rational functions

PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner is able to accurately formulate and solve real-life
problems involving rational functions.

MOST ESSENTIAL COMPETENCIES: The learner,

 represents real-life situations using rational functions.
 distinguishes rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality.
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photocopying or any electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the
case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copy right law.

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  solves rational equations and inequalities.
 represents a rational function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation.
 finds the domain and range of a rational function.
 determines the: (a) intercepts; (b) zeroes; and (c) asymptotes of rational functions.
 solves problems involving rational functions, equations and inequalities.

TIME ALLOTMENT: 2 weeks (8 hours)

ACTIVITY 1: UNVEILING A SECRET

Let’s now unveil a secret by evaluating the following functions. Write the letter in the box
provided below.

1. f ( x )=4( x−2) A. 100

2. f ( x )=x 2 C. 27 125
3. f ( x )=11 x 3−10 000 F. 19
4. f ( x )=( x−5)2 I. 10
5. f ( x )=5 x−2 L. 23
6. f ( x )=3 x +3 N. 5
7. f ( x )=2 x−11 O. - 30
x +5 R. 225
8. f ( x )=
2
x S. 52
9. f ( x )= +20
5
10. f ( x )=30−4 x T. 48
x U. 73
11. f ( x )=
3

2 4 6 8 10 11 4 9 7 5 11 3 6 8 10 11 1

Rational functions are expressed as the ratio of two polynomials P and Q. The value of a rational
functions is defined for all real numbers x, except for the value of x that makes the denominator zero.

Rational equations involve the equality of two or more rational expressions; while a rational
inequality indicates that a rational expression is greater than or less than the other.

Solving rational equation and rational inequalities means finding the value(s) of the variable that
makes the equation or inequality true. However, it is important that you verify the solved value(s) of the
variable by substituting it into the given rational equation. Similarly, it is also important that you test the
intervals that resulted from the solved values of the variable to verify whether the intervals are part of the
solutions of the given rational inequality.

Almost all areas in Mathematics involve rational expressions. They are used in solving problems
related to geometry, algebra, calculus, and other fields of mathematics.

For further readings kindly open your textbook on page ____. Read and comprehend the
illustrations written on your textbook.

ACTIVITY 2: COMPREHENSION CHECK

Let’s check your comprehension about the concept of rational function by doing the activity
below. Do this in one whole sheet of paper.

A. Sketch the graph of the following rational functions and determine the vertical and horizontal
asymptotes, intercepts, zeroes, and domain and range of each function.

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 4 5 x+ 2 x +3
1. f ( x )= 2. f ( x )= 3. f ( x )=
x−1 2 x+1 x

2 1
4. f ( x )= +2 5. f ( x )=
x +2 2 x2 −8

B. Determine whether each of the following is a rational function, rational equation or a rational
inequality.
3 x+5 3
1. f ( x )= 2. =
x +2 2x 4

3. f ( x )=2 x−2−x +1 x−2 2 x

4. f ( x )=+
x−2 x−2
2 x 3 x−1 1 4
5. + >9 6. 2 +1= 2
5 2 x +x x +x

7. f ( x )=3 x−4 + 5 x 2 + x−1 x+2

8. <4
x
1 1 x +2 x−2
+ 4= 10. =
9. 2 x+2 x+ 4 x +2
1+
x 2

C. Solve the following problems. (Show your solutions)

1. If 3 kg of oranges cost as much as 5 kg of chicos, how many kilograms of oranges would cost as much
as 60 kg of chicos?

2. Determine the amount of the principal if the interest at 10% annum after 8 months is ₱ 3,600. (I = Prt)

3. If the sum of a certain number and 7 is divided by 4, the quotient is 3. What is the number?

k
4. In a simple electric circuit, the current I varies inversely as its resistance R I = ( R).

When the resistance is 7.05 ohms ( Ω ) , the current is found to be 10.2 amperes (A).
What is the current of the circuit with a resistance of 32 ( Ω ) ?

5. If 5 men can do a job in 12 days, how long will it take 10 men to complete this task, assuming that they
work at the same rate?

ACTIVITY 3: CREATE ME

Create an example of rational function that represented by the following and do this in a long
bond paper.
a) table of values
b) graph
c) equation

Excellent Satisfactory Good

CRITERIA 25 points 20 points 15 points
Application of the concept of Rational
Functions
(25 points)
Creativity
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photocopying or any electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the
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 (25 points)

TOPIC / LESSON NAME: Inverse Function

CONTENT STANDARD: The learner demonstrates understanding of the key concepts of
inverse functions.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner is able to apply the concepts of inverse functions to
formulate and solve real life problems with precision and accuracy.
MOST ESSENTIAL COMPETENCIES: The learner,
 represents real-life situations using one - to – one functions.
 determines the inverse of a one - to – one functions.
 represents an inverse function through its: (a) table of values, and (b) graph.
 finds the domain and range of an inverse functions.
 solves problems involving inverse functions.
TIME ALOTMENT: 4 hours
ACTIVITY 1: MATCH MY OPPOSITE
Find its opposite by matching column A with column B.
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Page | 10
 COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. A.
I n y o u r f i r s t a c t i v
one – to
– one
if

2. B.

3. C.

4. D.

5. E.

F.

every value in the range corresponds to exactly one value in the domain. Graphically, a one – to – one
function can be easily determined using the horizontal line test. When every horizontal line drawn
intersects the graph of a given function at exactly one point, then the function is a one – to – one function.
Two functions f and g are inverse functions provided that they satisfy the condition that
f [ g( x ) ] =g [ f ( x )=x ]. When solving for the inverse of a function, first, change f (x) to y . Interchange x
and y, and solve for y in the resulting equation using appropriate algebraic manipulations. Then, change y
to f −1 ( x). The notation f −1 ( x) is used to express the inverse of a given function f.
The domain of f is the range of its inverse f −1, and the range of f is the domain of f −1 . In addition,
the graphs of inverse functions are mirror images of each other with respect to the line y = x.
For more illustrations of inverse function kindly refer it in your textbook on page

ACTIVITY 2: COMPREHENSION CHECK

Let’s check your comprehension about the concept of inverse function by doing the
activity below. Do this in one whole sheet of paper.

A. Determine the inverse of each function.

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 1. f = {( 4,5 ) , (−1,4 ) , ( 0,1 ) } ______________________________
2. f = {( 5,5 ) , ( 1,1 ) , (−3,7 ) } ______________________________
3. f = {( 0,0 ) , ( 2,2 ) , ( 4 ,−4 ) } ______________________________
4. f ( x )=4 x−6 ______________________________
5. h ( x )=2 x−4 ______________________________

B. Tell whether the given set of graphs shows inverse function.

_______________6. _______________7.

C. Determine which of the following tables of values represent inverse functions.

_______________8. _______________9.
x 0 2 4 6 x 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 2 3 4 f(x) 0 2 5 10
x 1 2 3 4 x 0 2 5 10
f(x) 0 2 4 6 f(x) 0 1 2 8

D. Find the domain and range of the inverse function below.

10. y=x +2 Domain: ______________________ Range: ______________________
E. Solve the problem below and show your solutions.
11 – 15. You asked a friend to think of a nonnegative number, add two to the number, square the number,
multiply the result by 3 and divide the result by 2. If the result is 54, what is the original number?
Construct an inverse function that will provide the original number if the result is given.

ACTIVITY 3: CREATE ME
Create an example of inverse function that represented by the following and do this in a long
bond paper.
d) table of values
e) graph
f) equation
Excellent Satisfactory Good
CRITERIA 25 points 20 points 15 points
Application of the concept of Rational Functions
(25 points)
Creativity (25 points)

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photocopying or any electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the
case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copy right law.

Page | 12
TOPIC / LESSON 4: Exponential Function
CONTENT STANDARD: The learner demonstrates understanding of the key concepts of
exponential functions.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner is able to apply the concepts of exponential

functions to formulate and solve real life problems with
precision and accuracy.

MOST ESSENTIAL COMPETENCIES: The learner,

 represents real-life situations using exponential functions.
 distinguishes between exponential functions, exponential equation, and exponential inequality.
 solves exponential equations and inequalities.
 represents an exponential function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation.
 finds the domain and range of an exponential function.
 determines the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of an exponential function.
 solves problems involving exponential functions, equations, and inequalities

TIME ALOTMENT: 4 hours

ACTIVITY 1: SOLVE THE MYSTERY

Let’s now solve the mystery below with the help of the concept of multiplying numbers. Write
the letter in the box provided below.

7 2 10 12 1 7 1 6 11 3 13 9 4 1 5 6 11 12 1 8

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 1. 24 A. 7 776
2. 4 5 C. 1 000
3. 65 E. 6 561
4. 8 4 F. 2 197
5. 103 I. 2 744
6. 122 L. 256
7. 9 4 N. 16
8. 35 O. 3 125
9. 133 P. 2 401
10. 7 4 S. 243
11. 14 3 T.144
12. 55 U.4 096
13. 162 X. 1 024

Exponential Functions are functions which take the form f ( x )=bx , where b is any positive real
number not equal to 1, and x is any real number. In solving exponential equations and inequalities, the
property of equality for exponential equations is used. The property states that if b x =b y, where b is any
positive real number other than 1, and x and y are real numbers, then x= y . The laws of exponents also
play a vital role in solving exponential equations and inequalities. When solving exponential equations
and inequalities, it is important to check whether the values of the variables you have solved are the
solutions of the given equations or inequalities. For further readings kindly refer it to your textbook on
page

ACTIVITY 2: UNDERSTANDING CHECK

Let’s check your understanding about the concept of inverse function by doing the
activity below. Do this in one whole sheet of paper.
A. Determine if the mathematical sentence represents an exponential function,
exponential equation, or exponential inequalities.

1. f ( x )=5 x 2. 5 x+5=625 3. y=−6 x+2

4. 3 x−2>3 4 5. −24 x−1=8 x

B. Complete the table below. Identify the y – intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of the graph
of each exponential function.

function y - intercepts zeroes asymptotes

x
1. y=2
2. y=2x +1
3. y=2x −1
4. y=22 x
5. y=2x+1

C. Find the domain and range of the following exponential functions.

1. y=3 x Domain: ____________________ Range: ____________________

2. y=−5x+ 1 Domain: ____________________ Range: ____________________
3. y=5 x +2 Domain: ____________________ Range: ____________________
4. y=7 x Domain: ____________________ Range: ____________________
5. y=10 x Domain: ____________________ Range: ____________________

D. Solve the following problems. (Show your solutions)

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1. In 2005, a certain town in La Union has a population of 32 400. Each year, the population increases at
a constant rate of about 7%.
a. What is the growth factor of the town?
b. Determine an exponential equation that models the population growth P in t years?
c. Using the equation in (b), determine the population of the town in 2010.
d. If the population continues to increase at the same rate, how many people will there be in 2020?

2. A total of 10 000 bacteria cells were initially present at the start of an experiment. These bacteria cells
were placed in a condition that inhibits growth. After five hours, there were only about 7 000 cells.
a. Determine the decay factor of the cells.
b. Determine an exponential equation that illustrates the number of cells left after t hours if the
number of cells changes at a constant rate.
c. Using this equation, how many cells are left after 10 hours?

3. Justine invested an amount of ₱50 000 at an annual interest rate of 8%. Find the total amount of
money he will have after 6 years?

4. A substance decays according to the formula Pt =P(1−r )t . How much of a 15-gram(g) sample of a
certain substance will remain after 4 hours if the substance left every hour is half of it?

5. Dave, a businessman, invested ₱1 000 000 in a bank at an interest rate of 12% compounded quarterly.
How much money will he have at the end of 5 years?
ACTIVITY 3. CREATE ME

Create an example of exponential function that represented by the following and do this in a long
bond paper.
g) table of values
h) graph
i) equation
Excellent Satisfactory Good
CRITERIA
25 points 20 points 15 points
Application of the concept of Rational Functions
(25 points)
Creativity
(25 points)

All rights reserved. No parts of this document may be reproduced, distributed in any form or by any means including
photocopying or any electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the
case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copy right law.

Page | 15