Scribd
Upload
836 views18 pages

Strength of Material Chapter 1

This document introduces mechanics of materials and the key concepts to be covered in the lecture. It will discuss stress analysis, including how to draw free body diagrams, apply equilibrium equations, define stress and the types of stresses (normal and shear), and introduce the concept of factor of safety. The goal is for students to understand the relationship between external loads and internal stresses and deformations, and how this applies to the safe design of structural elements.

Uploaded by

naserunn
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
836 views18 pages

Strength of Material Chapter 1

This document introduces mechanics of materials and the key concepts to be covered in the lecture. It will discuss stress analysis, including how to draw free body diagrams, apply equilibrium equations, define stress and the types of stresses (normal and shear), and introduce the concept of factor of safety. The goal is for students to understand the relationship between external loads and internal stresses and deformations, and how this applies to the safe design of structural elements.

Uploaded by

naserunn
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

PPB 25403 Strength of Materials

Lecture 1: Stress Analysis


Mechanics of Materials: An Introduction

What?
Why?
Applications?
Introduction

 Mechanics of materials is a study of the relationship


between the external loads on a body and the intensity
of the internal loads within the body.
 This subject also involves the deformations and stability
of a body when subjected to external forces.

Applications:
 Complete picture of mechanical behaviour such as
forces, motion
 Safe design in all type of structures i.e building, bridges,
airplanes, ships, motors, machines.
Learning Outcomes

 Stress
Review of Free Body Diagram
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
Stress Concept
Normal and Shear Stresses
Factor of Safety
Free Body Diagram
 Pictorial representation often used by physicists and
engineers to analyze the forces acting on a body of
interest
Beam
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body

External Forces
1.Surface Forces
- caused by direct
contact of other
body’s surface

2.Body Forces
- other body exerts a force
without contact
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body

Reactions
Surface forces developed at the
supports/points of contact between bodies.
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body

Equations of Equilibrium
Equilibrium of a body requires a balance
of forces and a balance of moments
F 0 MO 0

For a body with x, y, z coordinate system


with origin O,
Fx 0, Fy 0, Fz 0
Mx 0, My 0, Mz 0

Best way to account for these forces is


to draw the body’s free-body diagram
(FBD).
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body

Internal Resultant Loadings


 Objective of FBD is to determine the resultant
force and moment acting within a body.
 In general, there are 4 different types of
resultant loadings:
a) Normal force, N
b) Shear force, V
c) Torsional moment or torque, T
d) Bending moment, M
Stress

 Distribution of internal loading is important in


mechanics of materials.
 We will consider the material to be continuous.
 This intensity of internal force at a point is
called stress.
Stress

Normal Stress σ
Force per unit area acting normal to ΔA
Fz
z lim
A 0 A

Shear Stress τ
Force per unit area acting tangent to ΔA
Fx
zx lim
A 0 A
Fy
zy lim
A 0 A
Average Normal Stress in an Axially Loaded Bar

 When a cross-sectional area bar is subjected


to axial force through the centroid, it is only
subjected to normal stress.
 Stress is assumed to be averaged over the area.
Average Normal Stress in an Axially Loaded Bar

Average Normal Stress Distribution


 When a bar is subjected to a
constant deformation,
dF dA
A
σ = average normal stress
P A P = resultant normal force
P A = cross sectional area of bar
A

Equilibrium
 2 normal stress components
that are equal in magnitude
but opposite in direction.
Example 1
The bar has a constant width of 35 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. Determine the
maximum average normal stress in the bar when it is subjected to the loading
shown.

Solution:
By inspection, different sections have different internal forces.
Solution:
By inspection, the largest loading is in region BC,

PBC 30 kN

Since the cross-sectional area of the bar is constant,


the largest average normal stress is

PBC 30 103
BC 85.7 MPa (Ans)
A 0.035 0.01
Average Shear Stress

The average shear stress distributed


over each sectioned area that develops a
V
shear force.
A
avg

τ = average shear stress


P = internal resultant shear force
A = area at that section

a) Single Shear b) Double Shear

2 different types of shear:


Allowable Stress

Many unknown factors that influence the


actual stress in a member.
A factor of safety is needed to obtained
allowable load.
The factor of safety (F.S.) is a ratio of the
failure load divided by the allowable load
F fail
F .S
Fallow
fail
F .S
allow

fail
F .S
allow
What we have learned today
Free Body Diagram
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
Stress Concept
Normal and Shear Stresses
Factor of Safety

You might also like