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    SIMILITUDE

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    carl
    A 1:10 scale model automobile will be tested in a wind tunnel to study its aerodynamics. For dynamic similarity between the model and prototype, the Reynolds number must be matched. Assuming standard air pressure, the wind tunnel air should be cooler than standard temperature to achieve this similarity.

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    SIMILITUDE

    Uploaded by

    carl
    305 views2 pages
    A 1:10 scale model automobile will be tested in a wind tunnel to study its aerodynamics. For dynamic similarity between the model and prototype, the Reynolds number must be matched. Assuming standard air pressure, the wind tunnel air should be cooler than standard temperature to achieve this similarity.

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    SIMILITUDE

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    A 1:10 scale model automobile will be tested in a wind tunnel to study its aerodynamics. For dynamic similarity between the model and prototype, the Reynolds number must be matched. Assuming standard air pressure, the wind tunnel air should be cooler than standard temperature to achieve this similarity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    305 views2 pages

    SIMILITUDE

    Uploaded by

    carl
    A 1:10 scale model automobile will be tested in a wind tunnel to study its aerodynamics. For dynamic similarity between the model and prototype, the Reynolds number must be matched. Assuming standard air pressure, the wind tunnel air should be cooler than standard temperature to achieve this similarity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    SIMILITUDE 7.

    38 To test the aerodynamics of a new prototype


    automobile, a scale model will be tested in a wind
    Reference Book: Fluid Mechanics by Muson, 6th tunnel. For dynamic similarity, it will be required to
    Ed. match Reynolds number between model and
    prototype. Assuming that you will be testing a
    Example 7.6. Model tests are to be performed to one-tenth-scale model and both model and
    study the flow through a large check valve having prototype will be exposed to standard air
    a 2-ft-diameter inlet and carrying water at a pressure, will it be better for the wind tunnel air to
    flowrate of 30 cfs as shown in Fig. E7.6a. The be colder or hotter than standard sea-level air
    working fluid in the model is water at the same temperature of ? Why?
    temperature as that in the prototype. Complete
    geometric similarity exists between model and 7.39 You are to conduct wind tunnel testing of a
    prototype, and the model inlet diameter is 3 in. new football design that has a smaller lace height
    than previous designs (see Videos V6.1 and V6.2).
    Example 7.7. The drag on the airplane shown in It is known that you will need to maintain Re and
    Fig. E7.7 cruising at 240 mph in standard air is to St similarity for the testing. Based on standard
    be determined from tests on a 1:10 scale model college quarterbacks, the prototype parameters
    placed in a pressurized wind tunnel. To minimize are set at and The prototype football has a 7-in.
    compressibility effects, the air speed in the wind diameter. Due to instrumentation required to
    tunnel is also to be 240 mph. measure pressure and shear stress on the surface
    of the football, the model will require a length
    Example 7.8. The spillway for the dam shown in
    scale of 2:1 (the model will be larger than the
    Fig. E7.8a is 20 m wide and is designed to carry
    prototype). Determine the required model
    125 m3/s at flood stage. A 1:15 model is
    freestream velocity and model angular velocity.
    constructed to study the flow characteristics
    through the spillway. The effects of surface 7.40 A model of a submarine, 1 : 15 scale, is to be
    tension and viscosity are to be neglected. tested at 180 ft s in a wind tunnel with standard
    sea-level air, while the prototype will be operated
    FIND
    in seawater. Determine the speed of the
    (a) Determine the required model width and prototype to ensure Reynolds number similarity.
    flowrate.
    7.41 SAE 30 oil at is pumped through a 3-ft-
    (b) What operating time for the model diameter pipeline at a rate of A model of this
    corresponds to a 24-hr period in the prototype? pipeline is to be designed using a 3-in.-diameter
    pipe and water at as the working fluid. To
    PROBLEM SET maintain Reynolds number similarity between
    these two systems, what fluid velocity will be
    7.36 Obtain a photograph/image of a prototype
    required in the model?
    and the corresponding model that was used for
    testing. Print these photos and write a brief 7.42 The water velocity at a certain point along a
    paragraph that describes the situation involved. 1 : 10 scale model of a dam spillway is 3 m s.
    What is the corresponding prototype velocity if
    7.37 Air at is to flow through a 2-ft pipe at an
    the model and prototype operate in accordance
    average velocity of 6 ft s. What size pipe should
    with Froude number similarity?
    be used to move water at and average velocity of
    3 ft s if Reynolds number similarity is enforced? 7.43 The drag characteristics of a torpedo are to
    be studied in a water tunnel using a 1 : 5 scale
    model. The tunnel operates with freshwater at 20 corresponding to a hydrofoil velocity in seawater
    °C, whereas the prototype torpedo is to be used at 15 mph? Assume Reynolds number similarity is
    in seawater at To correctly simulate the behavior required.
    of the prototype moving with a velocity of 30 ms,
    7.49 A scale model is to be used in a towing tank
    what velocity is required in the water tunnel?
    to study the water motion near the bottom of a
    7.44 For a certain fluid-flow problem it is known shallow channel as a large barge passes over. (See
    that both the Froude number and the Weber Video V7.16.) Assume that the model is operated
    number are important dimensionless parameters. in accordance with the Froude number criteria for
    If the problem is to be studied by using a 1 : 15 dynamic similitude. The prototype barge moves at
    scale model, determine the required surface a typical speed of 15 knots. (a) At what speed (in )
    tension scale if the density scale is equal to 1. The should the model be towed? (b) Near the bottom
    model and prototype operate in the same of the model channel a small particle is found to
    gravitational field. move 0.15 ft in one second so that the fluid
    velocity at that point is approximately Determine
    7.45 The fluid dynamic characteristics of an
    the velocity at the corresponding point in the
    airplane flying 240 mph at 10,000 ft are to be prototype channel.
    investigated with the aid of a 1 : 20 scale model. If
    the model tests are to be performed in a wind 7.50 A solid sphere having a diameter d and
    tunnel using standard air, what is the required air specific weight is immersed in a liquid having a
    velocity in the wind tunnel? Is this a realistic specific weight and then released. It is desired to
    velocity? use a model system to determine the maximum
    height, h, above the liquid surface that the sphere
    7.46 If an airplane travels at a speed of 1120 kmhr will rise upon release from a depth H. It can be
    at an altitude of 15 km, what is the required speed assumed that the important liquid properties are
    at an altitude of 8 km to satisfy Mach number the density, , specific weight, , and viscosity, .
    similarity? Assume the air properties correspond Establish the model design conditions and the
    to those for the U.S. standard atmosphere. prediction equation, and determine whether the
    7.47 (See Fluids in the News article “Modeling same liquid can be used in both the model and
    parachutes in a water tunnel,” Section 7.8.1.) Flow prototype systems.
    characteristics for a 30-ft-diameter prototype
    parachute are to be determined by tests of a 1-ft-
    diameter model parachute in a water tunnel.
    Some data collected with the model parachute
    indicate a drag of 17 lb when the water velocity
    is . Use the model data to predict the drag on the
    prototype parachute

    falling through air at . Assume the drag to be a


    function of the velocity, V, the fluid density, , and
    the parachute diameter, D.

    7.48 The lift and drag developed on a hydrofoil


    are to be determined through wind tunnel tests
    using standard air. If full-scale tests are to be run,
    what is the required wind tunnel velocity

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