Sli Research
Sli Research
Sli Research
LANGUAGE
IMPAIRMENT
(strawberry) JAMmiN
DEFINITION
FLUENCY
- Flow of speech is disrupted by sounds, syllables, and words
that are repeated, prolonged, or avoided and where there may
Four Major Areas be silent blocks or inappropriate inhalation, exhalation, or
phonation patterns
1. Articulation
VOICE
2. Fluency
- Voice has an abnormal quality to its pitch, resonance, or loudness
3. Voice
LANGUAGE
4. Language
- Problems expressing needs, ideas, or information, and/or in
understanding what others say
CRITERIA TO ESTABLISH ELIGIBILITY
c. Fluency disorders
d. Language disorder
SIGNS OF SLI
Preschool-aged children with SLI may: Children and adults who have not yet been
diagnosed may show symptoms including:
Stuttering
SLI
●
● Dysarthria
● Lisping
● Speech delay
When neural pathways between the brain and a Most known SLI. Aside from verbal stuttering
person's speech function (speech muscles) are there are also non-verbal involuntary or semi-
lost and/or obscured. The individual knows what voluntary actions like blinking or tics. When
they want to say, however their brain is unable to looking at stuttering, speech language
send the correct message to the speech muscles pathologists are trained to look at all of these
to articulate what they want to say, even though symptoms of stuttering, like non-verbal actions.
the speech muscles may work fine. Ranges from Becomes apart as early as when a child learns to
mostly functional speech to incoherent speech. talk but can also develop later during childhood,
(Can be caused by brain damage, for children it is or develop after an event that might have
a little more difficult to determine. Sometimes if a triggered it. Can become a problem when it
close family member suffers from a learning or impacts everyday activities and really become an
communication disorder, there may be a genetic issue when avoiding specific activities to avoid
link. triggering stuttering.
TYPES OF SLI EXPLAINED
Dysarthria: Spasmodic Dysphonia:
Caused by muscle damage or nerve damage to the A chronic long-term disorder that affects the voice
muscles used when speaking, like the diaphragm, lips, caused by a spasming of vocal chords when a
tongue, and vocal chords. It may look/sound like slurred person attempts to speak and results in a shaky-
speech, slowed speech, limited tongue, jaw, lip jittery voice. Unlike the other impairments
movement, abnormal rhythm and pitch when speaking.
discussed so far, this one often develops in adults,
Lisping: with symptoms occurring between the ages of
30-50 years old. Can be caused by an aging
Functional speech disorder, where in most cases the nervous system and muscle tone disorders.
speaker makes a “th” sound when trying to make the “s”
sound, caused by the tongue reaching past or touching Muteness or selective mutism:
the front teeth. This can be treated by coaching and
re-teaching how a sound or word is supposed to be When a person doesn’t speak in some or most
pronounced, even as simple as strengthening situations but physically capable of doing so. It appears
speech-muscles by drinking from a straw. Lisps usually in children who are shy, have an anxiety disorder, or go
develop during childhood and outgrown them. through a period of social withdrawal or isolation
TYPES OF SLI EXPLAINED
Usually seen when a child is not making Though the autism spectrum itself isn’t a
normal attempts to verbally communicate, speech disorder, it does go hand-in-hand to
this can range from “late bloomer”- child SLI. Children who are on the autism spectrum
is taking a little bit longer than average to are more likely or do have social
communication problems, and sometimes
speak, to a child having brain damage. The
the first signs of autism. One of the most
most important area to evaluate when it is
common SLI disorders that individuals on the
related to speech delay is evaluating the
spectrum experience is apraxia of speech,
individual's language. which was explained under apraxia of speech.
TREATMENTS FOR SLI
Treatment services for SLI are typically provided or overseen by a licensed speech-language pathologist.
Treatment may be provided in homes, schools, university programs for speech-language pathology, private
clinics, or outpatient hospital settings.
Identifying and treating children with SLI early in life is ideal, but people can respond well to treatment
regardless of when it begins. Treatment depends on the age and needs of the person.
Starting treatment early can help young For school-age children, treatment may focus
children to: on understanding instruction in the classroom,
including helping with issues such as:
● Acquire missing elements of grammar.
● Expand their understanding and use of ● Following directions.
words. ● Understanding the meaning of the words
● Develop social communication skills. that teachers use.
● Organizing information.
● Improving speaking, reading, and writing
skills.
RESEARCH CHALLENGES
● There is very little differentiation between students that are bilingual and those who need extra
services to develop speech and language. In the research that was done many students may be
diagnosed with SLI when in reality they are developing the language at a lower rate because they
are bilingual.
● It was also a challenge to find information on the difference in diagnoses when comparing areas
with high income compared to low income areas. Students who are in areas with more access to
resources are diagnosed with less frequency then students who live in communities who are
bilingual.
● Looking into the rates that male students are diagnosed is much higher than female students. The
research cannot give a clear picture of why this is happening. With many of the 13 categories we
know that males are diagnosed with a disability quicker and at earlier ages.