- System Specification -

for PVC-U Imperial (Inch)-sized Piping Systems

1. Scope
This specification covers requirements for the Georg Fischer PVC-U Piping System
intended for a wide range of applications including water, wastewater and effluent
treatment as well as a wide range of chemical applications. The components of the
PVC-U Imperial (Inch)-sized piping systems are in accordance with the following
standards.

2. Basic System Data

2.1 Material Specification for Unplasticised Polyvinylchloride (PVC-U)

PVC-U pipes, fittings and valves from Georg Fischer Piping Systems shall be
manufactured from unplasticised polyvinylchloride, of which pipes and fittings are
designed for 25 years of operation with water as medium (20°C). PVC-U has also an
optimal chemical resistance against many mineral acids, bases & salt solutions. For
detailed information, please refer to the list of chemical resistance provided by Georg
Fischer Piping Systems. The raw material used shall be material designed for use
with pressure bearing piping systems with long term hydrostatic properties in
accordance with EN 1452, as supplied by Georg Fischer Piping Systems.

2.1 Characteristics of PVC-U Material

Characteristic Value Test Standards

Density 1.38 g/cm3 ISO 1183-1
Tensile E-modules >2400 N/mm2 EN ISO 527-1
Charpy notched impact strength at 23 °C 6 kJ/m2 EN ISO 179/1eA
Charpy notched impact strength at 0°C 3 kJ/m2 EN ISO 179/1eA
Vicat heat distortion temp. B/50N ≥76 °C ISO 306
based on the
Chemical resistance DIBT agreement medium list 40.1.4
Thermal expansion coefficient 0.07 - 0.08 mm/mK DIN 53752
Temperature range in °C 0°C - 60°C
Colour dark grey; 7011 -RAL

2.2 PVC-U Dimensional Range & Pressure** (at 20 °C)

1 1/4"
1 1/2"

d
3/8"
1/2"
3/4"

Products
1"

2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
8"

bar
15 - class E
12 - class D
Pipe
12 - class T
9 - class C
15 - class E
Fittings
9 - class C
ball valve* 16
butterfly valve* 9
diaphragm valve* 10
16
Flange*
10
gaskets* 15
pipe clips --
* diaphragm valve Imperial (Inch) size 6” only available in PN7
** values in table at the max. pressure in units of bar, at 20°C
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For more detailed physical properties and product Pressure – Temperature curves
please consult the Georg Fischer Piping Systems planning fundamentals on the
Georg Fischer Piping Systems website.

2.3 Approvals

This material specification for PVC-U is met by Georg Fischer Piping Systems.
Therefore Georg Fischer Piping Systems is approved according to BS standards. For
more information please consult our approvals database on the Georg Fischer Piping
Systems website.

3. Pipes
Pipes are made of PVC-U processed according to the quality specifications and
dimensions according EN ISO 1452. Pipe formulation has been designed for an
enhanced chemical resistance (content of CaCO3 < 3%, enhanced thermostabilizer
package; etc.).

Processed pipes are straight and show a very low out of roundness. The wall
structure is homogeneous and even.

OD-tolerances surpass the requirements of ISO 161-2 and are compatible with the
fitting programme of Georg Fischer Piping System for easy pre-assembly and
minimized gaps.

For highly demanding applications in the chemical industry the application of

pressure rating SDR 9 pipes and PN 15 fittings is strongly recommended for OD ≥ 4″.

Any installation should follow the Georg Fischer Piping Systems installation
guidelines for industrial piping and the guidelines issued by the DVS.

Approved pipes comply with the corresponding quality specifications of DIN Certco
ZP 1.1.1.

4. Fittings

All PVC-U fittings shall be Imperial (inch)-sized manufactured by Georg Fischer

Piping Systems shall be of a type suitable for solvent cementing, with dimensions
and tolerances in accordance with EN 1452 and ISO 727-2. They need to be tested
according to EN 10204. All threaded connections shall have pipe threads in
accordance with the requirements of ISO 7-1.

4.1 Packaging and Labelling

The packaging must ensure that the fittings are not damaged during transportation.

Packaging and Labeling must meet the following requirements:

• Identification of the content, in type, quantity and product details

• Information about standards and approvals covered by the product
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• Content of the label has to accomplish legal requirements

• Labels must be EAN coded for automatic identification
• Comply to GF standards as well as to international standards such as ISPM
15

5. Accessories
5.2.1 Flanges

Backing flanges in metric sizes DN 15-225 mm shall be designed according to EN

ISO 15493, in a thermo plastic-oriented design, consisting of 100% glass fibre
reinforced polypropylene, PP-GF30, graphite black and UV stabilized. These flanges
are manufactured in a seamless technology injection moulding process by Georg
Fischer Piping Systems. The flange shall be optimised with a V-groove in the inner
diameter to ensure an evenly distributed force on the thermo plastic flange adapter.
Connecting dimensions metric according to ISO 7005, EN 1092; Bolt circle diameter
PN 10; Inch: ANSI B 16.5, BS 1560; class 150.
Alternatively the backing flanges in metric sizes can be from or unplastisized
polyvinyl chloride, PVC-U designed according to EN ISO 15493, in a thermo plastic-
oriented design. The backing flanges shall be marked with dimension, PN-value,
standards, brand and lot number. Connecting dimensions metric according to ISO
7005, EN 1092; Bolt circle diameter PN 10; Inch: ANSI B 16.5, BS 1560; class 150.

5.2.2 gaskets

Gaskets in Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8” – 8” shall consist of elastomeric material

according to EN681, designed with or without metal reinforcement for use with
solvent cementable flange adaptors according to EN ISO 15493. Gaskets with
reinforcement shall be designed to be centred by the outer diameter. Gaskets with
reinforcement shall provide fixation aids to fit on the flange bolts.

5.2.3 Pipe Support System

Pipe Support System shall be KLIP-IT, sizes 3/8” – 8”, supplied by Georg Fischer
Piping Systems.

6. Valves
All PVC-U valves shall be metric sizes manufactured by Georg Fischer Piping
Systems or equal in accordance with EN ISO 16135 and following, tested according
to the same standard.

6.1. Ball Valves

All PVC-U ball valves with Imperial (inch)-sizes 3/8” – 4”, shall be Georg Fischer
Piping System Type 546 with true double union design manufactured by Georg
Fischer Piping Systems in accordance with EN ISO 16135. Incorporated into its
design shall be a safety stem with a predetermined breaking point above the bottom
O-ring, preventing any media leaking

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in the event of damage. The valve nut threads shall be buttress type to allow fast and
safe radial mounting and dismounting of the valve during installation or maintenance
work. Seats shall be PTFE with backing rings creating self-adjusting seals and
constant operating torque. Backing rings and seals shall be EPDM or FPM. The
handle shall include in its design an integrated tool for removal of the union bush.
Union bush shall have left-hand threads to prevent possible unscrewing when
threaded end connectors are removed from pipe.

Following accessories shall be available:

• A Multi-Functional Model (MFM) in PPGF equipped with internal limit switches

for reliable electrical position feedback, is mounted directly between the valve
body and the valve handle. This MFM is also the necessary interface for later
mounting of actuators.
• Mounting plate in PPGF with integrated inserts for later screw mounting on
any support
• Lockable multi-functional handle

6.1.1. Electrically actuated ball valves

Electric actuators shall be Types EA11 (Imperial (inch)-sized 3/8” – 2”), EA21 (sizes
inch)-sized 3/8” – 2”), EA31 (Imperial (inch)-sized 2 ½” – 4”) shall be available
manufactured by Georg Fischer Piping Systems in accordance with EN 61010-1, EC
directives 89/336/EWG-EMV and 73/23/EWG, LVD and needs to be CE marked.
Actuator housing shall be made of PPGF (polypropylene glass fibre reinforced),
flame retardant with external stainless steel screws. All electric actuators shall have
an integrated emergency manual override and integrated optical position indication.
All electric actuator types (with the exception of EA11) shall have the following
accessories available:

• Fail-safe unit
• Heating element
• Cycle extension, cycle time monitoring, and cycle counting
• Motor current monitoring
• Position signalisation
• Positioner Type PE25
• Limit switch kits Ag-Ni, Au, NPN, PNP, NAMUR
• AS Interface Plug Modul

Electric actuator specifications of the actuators shall be as follows:

Specification EA11 EA21 EA31 EA42
Nominal torque (Nm) 10 10 60 100
Control time (s/90°)* 5 5 15 25
Cycles at 20°C * 150,000 250,000 100,000 75,000
Duty cycles ED at 20°C 40% 100% 50% 35%
Protection class IP65 per EN 60529 - IP67 (for vertical cable mounting and wall feed through).
Voltage 100-230, 50-60 Hz or 24V=/24V, 50/60 Hz versions
* = at nominal torque

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6.1.2. Pneumatically actuated ball valves

Pneumatic actuators shall be Georg Fischer Piping Systems Types PA11 (Imperial
(Inch)-sized ½”- ¾”) and PA21 (Imperial (Inch)-sized 1”-2”). They be manufactured by
Georg Fischer Piping Systems. Pneumatic actuators shall be available as fail safe
close, fail safe open and double acting and have an integrated optical position
indication. Actuator housing shall be made of Polypropylene fibre glass reinforced
(PPGF) and flame retardant. Actuators shall contain a preloaded spring assembly to
ensure safe actuator operation and maintenance. Actuators shall contain integrated
Namur interface for the easy mounting of positioners, limit switches and accessories.
The Valve shall be equipped with a Multi-functional-module for reliable electric
feedback, mounted directly between the valve body and the actuator as
manufactured by Georg Fischer Piping Systems.

• For valve Imperial (Inch)-size 2 ½” pneumatic actuators shall be Type PA 30

(fail safe to close or open function), Type PA35 (double acting function).
• For valve Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3” pneumatic actuators shall be Type PA 35
(fail safe to close or open function), Type PA40 (double acting function).
• For valve Imperial (Inch)-sizes 4” pneumatic actuators shall be Type PA 45
(fail safe to close or open function), Type PA45 (double acting function)

All actuators shall be manufactured by Georg Fischer Piping Systems. Pneumatic

actuators shall have an integrated optical position indicatior. Actuator housing shall
be made of hardened anodized aluminium. Actuators shall contain integrated Namur
interface for the easy mounting of positioners, limit switches and accessories.
All pneumatically actuated ball valves shall have the following accessories
available:

• Pilot valve remote or direct mounted in voltages 24VDC/AC, 110VAC, 240VAC

• Positioner Type DSR 201
• Limit switch kits Ag-Ni, Au, NPN, PNP, NAMUR
• Stroke limiter
• Manual override for all sizes up to 4”
• AS Interface Control module with incorporated position feedback and a
solenoid pilot valve

6.2. Diaphragm Valves

All PVC-U diaphragm valves, metric sized, shall be either:

• Type 314 (true double union design, 3/8”-2”), or

• Type 315 (spigot design, 3/8”-2”) or
• Type 317 (flanged design, 3/8”-6”)

All diaphragm valves shall be manufactured by Georg Fischer Piping Systems in

accordance with EN ISO 16138. The upper body shall be PPGF (polypropylene glass
fibre reinforced) connected to the lower body with exposed stainless steel bolts. A
position indicator integrated into the hand wheel must be present to determine
diaphragm position. Diaphragms are to be EPDM, FPM, NBR, or PTFE with
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- System Specification -

EPDM or FPM supporting diaphragm. Following option shall be available:

• Handwheel with built-in locking mechanism

6.2.1. Pneumatically actuated diaphragm valves

Pneumatic diaphragm actuators shall be Georg Fischer Piping Systems Type

DIASTAR Imperial (inch)-sizes ½”- 6”. Pneumatic actuators shall be available as fail
safe close, fail safe open and double acting and have an integrated optical position
indicatior.
Actuator housing shall be made of PPGF (polypropylene glass fibre reinforced),
flame retardant and NEMA 4X or IP 65 corrosion resistance. Actuators with FC mode
shall contain a preloaded galvanised steel spring assembly to ensure safe actuator
operation and maintenance. The pneumatically actuated diaphragm valves type 025
and 028 shall have the following accessories available:

• Solenoid pilot valve remote and direct mounted in voltages 230V, 50-60 Hz;
115V 50-60Hz; 24V 50-60 Hz; 24 VDC
• Positioner Type DSR 100/101
• Feedback with following limit switches Ag-Ni, Au, NPN, PNP, NAMUR
• Stroke limiter & emergency manual override
• ASI controller

6.3. Butterfly Valves

All PVC-U butterfly valves, Imperial (Inch)-sizes 1 ½” – 8", shall be Georg Fischer
Piping Systems Type 567 / 563 wafer type with a double eccentric disc design
manufactured by Georg Fischer Piping Systems in accordance with EN ISO 16136.
Seals shall be available in both EPDM and FPM. The lever handle shall be lockable
in increments of 5 degrees. There shall always be six teeth engaged between the
ratchet and the index plate to ensure accurate and safe positioning of the lever.
There shall be the option of fine adjustment by use of a specific hand lever, allowing
the disc to be exposed at any angle between 0° und 90°. As an option, the hand lever
shall be lockable. The hand lever shall be manufactured of high strength PPGF
(polypropylene glass fibre reinforced). The option of an integrated electric
position indicator shall be available. The electric position indicator shall be
integrated into the mounting flange. Butterfly valves shall have low actuation
torque to enable easy operation. All Butterfly valves Type 567 manufactured by
Georg Fischer Piping Systems are designed for a nominal pressure rate of 10 bar. All
butterfly valves Type 563 are designed for a nominal pressure rate of 4 bar.

6.3.1. Electrically actuated butterfly valves

Electric actuators shall be Georg Fischer Piping Systems Types EA31 or EA 42

dependent on valve size. They shall be manufactured by Georg Fischer Piping
Systems in accordance with EN 61010-1, as per the above specifications. Actuator
housing shall be made of PPGF (polypropylene glass fibre reinforced), flame
retardant and external stainless steel screws. All electric actuators shall have an
integrated emergency manual override and integrated optical position indication. All
electric actuator types shall have the following accessories available:
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• Fail-safe unit
• Heating element
• Cycle extension, monitoring, and counting
• Motor current monitoring
• Position signalisation
• Positioner Type PE25
• Limit switch kits Ag-Ni, Au, NPN, PNP, NAMUR
• Manual override
• AS-Interface Plug Modul

6.3.2. Pneumatically actuated butterfly valves

Pneumatic actuators shall be Georg Fischer Piping Systems Types PA 35 (Imperial

(Inch)-sizes 2” – 2 ½”), PA40 (Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3” only), PA45 (Imperial (Inch)-
sizes 4” – 5”), PA55 (Imperial (Inch)-sizes 2” – 2 ½”). They shall supplied by Georg
Fischer Piping Systems. Pneumatic actuators shall be available as fail safe close, fail
safe open and double acting and have an integrated optical position indication.
Actuator housing shall be made of hardend anodized aluminium. Actuators shall
contain integrated Namur interfaces for the easy mounting of positioners, limit
switches and accessories. All pneumatically actuated butterfly valves shall have the
following accessories available:

• Solenoid pilot valve remote and direct mounted in voltages 230V, 50-60 Hz;
115V 50-60Hz; 24V 50-60 Hz; 24 VDC
• Positioner Type DSR 100/101
• Feedback with following limit switches Ag-Ni, Au, NPN, PNP, NAMUR
• Stroke limiter & emergency manual override
• ASI controller

6.4 Angle Seat Valves

All PVC-U Angle Seat Valves, Type 300 shall be manufactured by Georg Fischer
Piping Systems according to EN ISO 21787 and overall length according to EN 558,
available in Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8” – 3” with an internal piston cone end in PE or
PTFE, and with solvent cement spigots. The Angle Seat Valves manufactured by
Georg Fischer Piping Systems are designed for a nominal pressure rate of 9 bar.
.
6.5. Check Valves

All PVC-U Ball check valves, according to EN ISO 16137, Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8” -
2“, shall be Type 360 true double union design. Seals shall be EPDM or FPM. Union
bushes shall have a left hand thread to prevent possible unscrewing when threaded
end connectors are removed from pipe. This valve shall be suitable for mounting in a
vertical position.

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6.5.2. Angle Seat Check Valves

All PVC-U Angle Seat Check Valves, Type 303 shall be manufactured by Georg
Fischer Piping Systems according to EN ISO 16137 and overall length according to
EN 558, available in Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8”-3” with EPDM or FPM seals and with
solvent cement spigots. The Angle Seat Check Valves shall be leakproof from a
water column of 2 m for EPDM and 3 m for FPM seals as supplied by Georg Fischer
Piping Systems. The Angle Seat Check Valves manufactured by Georg Fischer
Piping Systems are designed for a nominal pressure rate of 9 bar.

6.5.3. Wafer Check Valves

All PVC-U Wafer Check Valves shall be Georg Fischer Piping Systems Type 369,
Imperial (Inch)-sizes 1 ¼”-12”. The minimum water column of 2 m is required for
sealing. They have to be equipped with a spring (either in 316 stainless steel or
Hasteloy C) guaranteeing closing in all installation positions. Attention: A stabilizing
pipe zone of at least 5 times nominal diameter (DN) (recommended 10 times nominal
diameter) before and after the wafer check valve should be provided.

6.6. Pressure regulating valves

All PVC-U pressure regulating valves as supplied by Georg Fischer Piping Systems
shall have the following
characteristics:

Pressure ranges for all pressure regulating valves are the following:

• Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8” – 2” from 0 up to max. 10 bar

• Imperial (Inch)-sizes 2 ½” – 3” from 0 up to max. 6 bar
• Imperial (Inch)-sizes 4” from 0 up to max. 4 bar

6.6.1. The Pressure Reducing Valve

as supplied by Georg Fischer Piping Systems reduces the pressure within the system
to a pre-set value. By using the differential pressure, the pressure reducing valve
adjusts itself to the set working pressure. The outlet pressure (working pressure) is
not directly related to the inlet pressure. If the outlet pressure increases above the set
value, the diaphragm is lifted against the spring force. If the outlet pressure falls
below the set value, the diaphragm is pressed down by the spring force. The
pressure reducing valve begins to close/open until a state of equilibrium is re-
established; in other words, the outlet pressure remains constant irrespective of an
increasing or decreasing inlet pressure. Following types and sizes are available:

• Type V82, compact Pressure Reducing Valve with an integrated manometer,

Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8” – 4”
• Type V182, compact Pressure Reducing Valve offering easy adjustment and
real time visual control of the actual pressure reduction on the integrated
manometer, Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8”- 1 ½”
• Type V782, compact Pressure Reducing Valve, offering an easy adjustment,
excellent flow rate and very low hysteresis, Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8” – 1 ½”
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6.6.2. Pressure Relief Valve

as supplied by Georg Fischer Piping Systems serves to keep the working or system
pressures constant, to balance out pressure pulsation, and to reduce pressure peaks
in process systems. The third pipe spigot fitted on the valve body means the valve
can be installed directly in the main pipeline. If the inlet pressure rises above the set
value, the pressurized valve piston is lifted against the spring force. Consequently,
the valve opens and there is a reduction of pressure in the outlet pipe. The excess
pressure can exhaust or be redirected via the third outlet. The valve closes as soon
as the inlet pressure sinks below the pre-set spring tension. Following types and
sizes are available:

• Type V185, Pressure Relief Valve, Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8” – 2”

• Type V85, Pressure Relief Valve, Imperial (Inch)-sizes 2 ½” – 4”

6.6.3. The Pressure Retaining Valve

as supplied by Georg Fischer Piping Systems serves to keep the working or system
related pressures constant, to balance out pressure pulsation, and to reduce
pressure peaks in chemical process systems. If the inlet pressure rises above the set
value, the pressurized valve piston is lifted against the spring force. Consequently,
the valve opens and there is a reduction of pressure through the outlet pipe. The
valve closes as soon as the inlet pressure sinks below the pre-set spring tension.
Following types and sizes are available:

• Type V186, Pressure Retaining Valve, Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8” – 2”

• Type V86, Pressure Retaining Valve, Imperial (Inch)-sizes 2 ½” – 4”
• Type V786, Pressure Retaining Valve, Imperial (Inch)-sizes 3/8” – 1 ½”

7. Solvent cement & Cleaner

For adhesive jointings, PVC-U cement with gap-filling adhesives must be used for
solvent cementing. Georg Fischer recommends the Henkel cement system TANGIT
PVC-U for all PVC-U solvent cement joints. All specifications are based on using
TANGIT PVC-U, including strength and chemical resistance. For all other cements
please refer to the manufacturers’ instructions.

PVC-U TANGIT contains app. 20% PVC-U, dissolved in a blend of solvents. The
solvents soften and macerate the edges of the surfaces they are applied to. Once the
solvents have evaporated, they leave a homogenous joint with the same mechanical,
thermic and chemical properties as of the PVC-U pipe system.

The jointing surfaces of pipe and fitting must be clean and free of grease, otherwise
they must be cleaned with TANGIT cleaner.

For chemical concentrations ≥ 70% sulphuric acid; ≤ 10% chromic acid, ≥ 25%
hydrochloric acid; ≥ 20% nitric acid; sodium hypochlorite ≥ 6% active chlorine, ≥ 5%
hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid in any concentration, subject to the
application and operating conditions, Dytex solvent cement and Dytex Cleaning for
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PVC-U, manufactured by Henkel, must be used in accordance with the instruction of

Henkel.

8. Instrumentation
The following parameters can be measured (Sensors), indicated and/ or transmitted
(transmitters) to PLC, PC and other Data Acquisition Systems. All products comply
with the CE standard.

Parameter Tochnology Compatible liquids (*)

Flow Paddlewheel clean liquids
Rotameter clean liquids
Magmeter contaminated liquids
Level Hydrostatic all liquids
pH-ORP Glas electrodes all liquids
Conductivity Contact all liquids
Pressure Piezoresistive all liquids
Temperature Pt1000 all liquids
(*) please check first the sensors limitations (data sheet) and chemical resistance list

8.1 Sensors

The sensors listed hereafter will transfer the measured value to a Georg Fischer
Piping Systems Transmitter, allowing simple calibration and maintenance of the
devices. Alternatively the measured values of the sensors can be sent directly to a
PLC, PC or other local made electronics using either an analogue signal (mA, open
collector or sinusoidal voltage) or a digital signal called S3L (Georg Fischer Piping
Systems Signet serial signal).

8.1.1 Installation Fitting

Depending on the sensor type, special installation fittings shall be used for
connection to the pipeline: Installation T-Fitting sizes d20-63 mm with double true
union in PVC-U, clamp on saddles sizes d75 – 315 mm and weld-o-let sizes d75 –
400 mm with as supplied by Georg Fischer Piping Systems. Connection can be
Weld-o-let, direct union ½", ¾ " ISO, ¾" NPT, Submersion kits. These fittings will be
socket solvent cemented version.

8.1.2 Flow sensors

8.1.2.1 Paddlewheel sensors

515 and 525 sensors:

All sensors of this family are “sinusoidal” sensors. This sensor from Georg Fischer
Piping Systems SIGNET requires no external power source to produce a signal.
Internal to the body of the sensor is a wire coil which when excited by the rotor
assembly produces a small sinusoidal signal. The rotor assembly consists of four
paddles; inserted into each of the paddles of the rotor are magnets. As liquid flows
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past the rotor assembly it rotates each of the four paddles produces a sine wave
signal as it passes the centre of the body (two paddles of the rotor produces a full
AC sine wave). The sensors as manufactured by Georg Fischer Piping Systems
SIGNET produce a signal output which is proportional to the flow rate. A K-factor
(number of pulses generated by the sensor per 1 liter or 1 gallon of fluid the sensor)
is used to define the size of the pipe that the sensor is inserted into.

3-2536 and 3-2537 sensors:

All sensors of this family of sensors are Hall Effect” sensors. Internal to the Georg
Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET sensors body is an open collector relay. The sensor
is supplied with a voltage from the 3-8550 transmitters or an external power supply
ranging from 5 to 24 volts. This voltage is switched through the open collector relay
as the paddlewheel (rotor) of the sensor rotates. The sensor’s rotor assembly has
four paddles. Inserted in to each of the paddles is a magnet. As the paddles pass the
center of the sensors body, the magnetic field switches the open collector relay on
and off which generates a square wave pulse as manufactured by Georg Fischer
Piping Systems SIGNET. One pulse indicates a complete rotation (on/off cycle) of the
open collector relay. The pulse output is directly proportional to the fluid velocity. A K-
factor (number of pulses generated by the sensor per 1 liter or 1 gallon of fluid
passing the sensor) is used to define the size of the pipe that the sensor is inserted
into.

8.1.2.2 Rotameters:

as supplied by Georg Fischer Piping Systems are radially installed dismountable

meters for flow rate measuring in industrial piping applications. If needed, minimum
or maximum flow can also be monitored via limit switches. Also, analogue flow
measurement with a 4…20mA Signal is possible.
The working principle of the rotameter is based in gravity and equilibrium of forces. If
a medium flows upwards at a sufficient flow rate through the vertically mounted taper
tube, the float is raised to the point at which a state of equilibrium sets in between the
lifting force of the medium and the weight of the float. Since the mean rate of flow is
proportional to the quantity flowing through per unit of time, this state of equilibrium
corresponds to the measurement of the instantaneous flow rate.

Following types and sizes are available:

• Type SK, DN 10 – 65 mm
• Type 335, DN 25 – 65 mm
• Type 350, DN 25 – 65 mm

8.1.2.3 Magmeter

The Magmeter sensor of Georg Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET consists of two
metallic pins that produce a small magnetic field across the inside of the pipe. The
Magmeter measures the velocity of a conductive liquid (20 µS or greater) as it moves
across the magnetic field produced by the Magmeter. The magnetic field produced by
the sensor is directly proportional to the flow rate of the fluid. The magnetic signal is
conditioned and translated in to a pulse signal (K-factor). The Magmeter of Georg
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Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET is offered as a blind output (frequency or 4-20 mA),
or with integral display and control relays.

8.1.3 Level Sensor (hydrostatic level)

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted on a column of fluid by the weight of the
fluid above it. Internal to the Georg Fischer Piping Systems SINGET PVDF sensor
body is a ceramic diaphragm sensor and capillary tube/cable assembly. The ceramic
diaphragm sensor exposed to the fluid senses the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid
and compares the pressure to the atmospheric pressure monitored the capillary
tube/cable assembly. Because the hydrostatic level sensor from Georg Fischer
Piping Systems SIGNET only senses the pressure of the fluid, interference and
inaccuracies of the signal are dramatically reduced. The measured signals are
boosted sent to a Georg Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET Transmitter unit.

8.1.4 pH Sensors

All pH sensors from Georg Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET are constructed of three
key elements measuring cell, reference cell and reference junction. The measuring
cell is constructed of hydrogen sensitive glass that can detect the concentration of
hydrogen ions (+H) in a solution. The concentration of +H ions directly determines
the pH of the fluid. The reference cell is used to provide a stable reference mV-signal
to which the measuring cell compares its own signal. The reference junction allows
the reference cell to come in contact with the fluid being measured. The measured
signals are then conditioned and sent to a Georg Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET
Transmitter unit.

8.1.5 ORP Sensors

All ORP sensors from Georg Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET are constructed similar
to the pH sensors, except that a noble metal like platinum or gold replaces the
hydrogen sensitive glass. is replaced with a noble metal such as platinum or gold.

The noble metal measures the activity of oxidizing or reducing chemicals agents. The
electrical signals are then conditioned and translated into pulse signals (K-factor),
which are sent to a Georg Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET Transmitter unit.

.8.1.6 Conductivity Sensors

All Conductivity sensors from Georg Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET are
manufactured using two stainless steel electrodes. Alternative materials are available
in case of chemical incompatibility. Conductivity sensors measure the ability of a fluid
to conduct an electrical current between two electrodes. The conductivity
monitor/transmitter sends a signal into one of the electrodes and depending on the
fluids availability to conduct a charge (concentration of ions) measures the amount of
current required to sense the signal on the second electrode. The correct selection of
a sensor with the right cell constant, which depends on the conductivity level, is
paramount. a sensor that has the proper cell constant (depends on the conductivity
level). All conductivity sensors from Georg Fischer Piping Systems SIGNET have
temperature compensation circuits in order to increase the sensors accuracy.
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8.2 Transmitters

The analogue data transfer with or without display as well as optional relay contacts
will be provided by a Georg Fischer Piping Systems transmitter. This transmitter can
be built:

• Directly inline on the sensor (INTEGRAL Version)

• On a wall, pipe, frame etc… by using a universal mounting kit (UNIVERSAL
Version)
• On the door of a cabinet or a panel (PANEL Version)

Both displays – analogue or digital – allow you to calibrate the piping system, relay
set points and set up all process parameters like the measuring range.
A Multi parameter (Multi channel) allows to build your own to build his own
customised transmitter by mixing and matching In- and Output as supplied by Georg
Fischer Piping Systems. Following selection are possible:

• 2,4 or 6 sensor input (Flow, Level, pH-ORP, Conductivity, Pressure

Temperature)
• 0,2 or 4 analogue output (4-20 mA or 0-10 Volts)
• 0,2,4,6 or 8 relay output
• Power supply 12-30 VDC or 110-230 VAC

8.3 Batch Control

A batch controller manufactured by +GF Signet Type 5600 allows dosing a pre-
selected quantity of liquid. After a start signal (local or remote), the 5600 will close a
contact to open an automatic valve and/or switch on a pump, count pulses coming
from a flow sensor (Paddlewheel, Vortex or Magmeter) and open the contact again
as soon as the pre-selected quantity is reached. This batch process is repeatable
and the Georg Fischer Piping Systems Batch Transmitter is designed for intensive
industrial applications.

9. Quality
9.1 Production Conditions

Pipes, fittings, solvent cement, cleaner, valves and accessories shall be

manufactured in an environment operating a Quality Assurance System to ISO 9001
and an Environmental Management System conform to ISO 14001.

9.2 Marking

All components are embossed with a permanent identification during the production
process to ensure full traceability. The following information will be mentioned:

• Manufacturer’s name or trade mark

• Production lot number
• Material
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• Dimension
• Pressure rating

9.3 Uniformity

Pipes, fittings, valves, solvent cement and cleaner shall be supplied from one
manufacturer, namely Georg Fischer Piping Systems, to ensure correct and proper
jointing between components and uniform chemical and physical properties of the
piping system.

9.4 CAD Library

All components shall be available in an online CAD Library.

9.5 Training, Certification and Installation

Site personnel, involved with PVC-U piping installation, shall undergo training and
certification from an authorised local institution prior to performing any jointing
operations on site. For further information and training please contact Georg Fischer
Piping Systems Georg Fischer support under

Phone: +41 52 631 11 11 or

e-mail: [email protected].

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