Math Coaching PDF
Math Coaching PDF
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Solution:
x + (2x + 3) + 4x = 164
x = 23
2x + 3 = 49
4x = 92
Solution:
x – 0.08x = 2162
x = 2350
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Solution:
(2x + 12) + (2x + 12) + x = 149
x = 25
2x + 12 = 62
Therefore, the length of the sides of the triangle are 25, 62, 62.
Problem 4 – Mathematics (Algebra)
Kelsey Ohleger was helping her friend Benji Burnstine studey for an algebra exam.
Kelsey told Benji that her three latest art history quiz scores are three consecutive
even integers whose sum is 264. Help Benji find the scores.
Solution:
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = 264
x = 86
x + 2 = 88
x + 4 = 90
Solution:
8476(0.914) = 7747
Problem 6 – Mathematics (Algebra)
Karen Estes just received an inheritance of $10,000 and plans to place all the
money in a savings account that pays 5% compounded quarterly to help her son
go to college in 3 years. How much money will be in the account in 3 years?
Solution:
12
⎛ 0.05 ⎞
A = 10000 ⎜ 1 + = 11,607.55
⎝ 4 ⎟⎠
Problem 7 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The fastest average speed by a cyclist across the continental United States is 15.4
mph, by Pete Penseyres. If he traveled a total distance of about 3107.5 miles at
this speed find his time cycling in days, hours and minutes.
Solution:
3107.5 = 15.4t
201.79 = t
t = 8 days, 9 hours, 50 minutes
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Solution:
C = 4h + 9f + 4p
h = number of grams of carbohydrate
f = number of grams of fat
p = number of grams of protein
C = 4(7) + 9(14) + 4(6)
C = 178 calories
Problem 9 – Mathematics (Algebra)
In the United States, the annual consumption of cigarettes is declining.
The consumption c in billions of cigarettes per year since the year 2000
can be approximated by the formula c = - 9.4t + 431 where t is the number
of years after 2000. Use this formula to predict the years that the
consumption of cigarettes will be less than 200 billion per year.
Solution:
c = - 9.4(20) + 431 = 243
- 9.4t + 431 < 200
9.4t = 231
t = 24.6 say 25
Solution:
C = 4.50x + 3000
R = 16.50x
4.50x + 3000 = 16.50x
x = 250 calculators
Solution:
C = no. of tourist in China
F = no. of tourist in France
U = no. of tourist in United States
U=9+F
C = F + 44
C + F + U = 332
F + F + 44 + 9 + F = 332
3F = 279
F = 93
C = 93 + 44 = 137
U = 9 + 93 = 102
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Solution:
60 = K(200)(2)
60
K=
400
60
N= (240)(3) = 108
400
Problem 13 – Mathematics (Algebra)
Boyle’s law says that if the temperature stays the same, the pressure P of
a gas is inversely proportional to the volume V. If a cylinder in a steam
engine has a pressure of 960 kilopascals when the volume is 1.4 cubic
meters, find the pressure when the volume increases to 2.5 cubic meters.
Solution:
k 1344
P= P= = 537.6 kPa
V 2.5
k
960 =
1.4
1344 = k
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Solution:
d = kw
5 = k(40)
1
=k
8
1
d = (65) = 8.125
8
Problem 15 – Mathematics (Algebra)
If a certain number is subtracted from the numerator and added to the
denominator of 9/19, the new fraction is equivalent to 1/3. Find the
number.
Solution:
9-n 1
=
19 + n 3
3(9 - n) = 19 + n
27 - 3n = 19 + n
n=2
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Solution:
C(x) = x2 – 15x + 50
9500 = x2 – 15x + 50
x2 – 15x – 9450 = 0
x = 105
Problem 17 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The world’s highest bridge, the Millau Viaduct in France, is 1125 feet
above the River Tarn. An object is dropped from the top of this bridge.
Neglecting air resistance, the height of the object at time t seconds is
given by the polynomial function P(t) = - 16t2 + 1125. Find the height of
the object when t = 8 seconds.
Solution:
P(t) = - 16t2 + 1125
P(8) = - 16(8)2 + 1125
P(8) = 101
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Solution:
2000 + 1.50x = 4x
2.50x = 2000
x = 800
Problem 19 – Mathematics (Algebra)
Mr.s Laser agrees to give her son Mark an allowance of $0.1 on the first
day of his 14-day vacation, $0.20 on the second day, $0.40 on the third
day, and so on. Write an equation of a sequence whose terms correspond
to Mark’s allowance. Find the allowance Mark will receive on the last day
of his vacation.
Solution:
0.20
r= =2
0.1
a n = a1 r n−1
a n = 0.1(2)n−1
a14 = 819.20
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Solution:
an = a1 + (n – 1)d Solving for a1 = 7, d = 8
23 = a1 + (3 – 1)d Therefore the sixth term is
23 = a1 + 2d a6 = 7 + (6 – 1)(8)
a6 = 47
63 = a1 + (8 – 1)d
63 = a1 + 7d
Solution:
an = a1 rn-1
a1 = 8
a3 = 8(-3)3-1
a3 = 72
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Solution:
x y 20
10% 20% 17.5%
+ =
90% 80% 82.5%
Solving for:
x = 5 gallons of 10% fructose solution
y = 15 gallons of 20% fructose solution
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Solution:
Let x = no. of double room
80 – x = no. of single room
Solution:
an = a1 rn-1
r = 0.5
n=5
a1 = 800
an = 800(0.5)5-1
an = 50 sparrows
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Solution:
No. of cases at the beginning of the sixth year:
an = 75(2)n-1, n=6
an = 75(2)6-1
an = 2,400 cases
Problem 25 – Mathematics (Algebra)
Keith Robinson bought two Siamese fighting fish. But when he got home, he found
he only had one rectangular tank that was 12 in. long, 7 in. wide, and 5 in. deep.
Since the fish must be kept separated, he
12 in 7 in
needed to insert a plastic divider in the diagonal
of the tank. He already has a piece that is 5 in. in
5 in
one dimension but how long must it be to fit
corner to corner in the tank?
Solution:
x2 = (7)2 + (12)2 5 in
x = 13.89 in.
x
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Solving for:
a1 = 23600
d = - 3000
General equation:
an = 23600 + (n – 1)(- 3000)
an = 26600 – 3000n
Solution:
an = a1 + (n – 1)d an = 54,800 + 2200n
an = 57000 + (n – 1)(2200) when n = 3
an = 57000 + n(2200) – 2200 an = 54,800 + 2200(3)
an = 54,800 + 2200n an = $61,400
Problem 28 – Mathematics (Algebra)
Find the earthquake’s magnitude on the Richter scale if a recording
station measures an amplitude of 300 micrometers and 2.5 seconds
between waves. Assume that B is 4.2. Approximate the solution to the
nearest tenth.
Solution:
⎛ a⎞
R = log ⎜ ⎟ + B
⎝ T⎠
⎛ 300 ⎞
R = log ⎜ ⎟ + 4.2
⎝ 2.5 ⎠
R = log(120) + 4.2
R = 6.3
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Solution:
S = Vot + ½ at2
S = - 1100 ft.
a = - 32 ft/sec2
Vo = 0
- 1100 = 0 + ½ (- 32)t2
t = 8.29 seconds
Problem 30 – Mathematics (Algebra)
After applying a test antibiotic, the population of a bacterial culture is
reduced by one-half every day. Predict how large the culture will be at the
start of day 7 if it measures 4800 units at the beginning of day 1.
Solution:
an = a1 rn-1
r = 0.5
n=7
a1 = 4800
an = 4800(0.5)7-1
an = 75 units
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Solution:
an = a1 rn-1
r = 0.5 or ½
n=5
a1 = 400
an = 400(1/2)5-1
an = 25 grams
Problem 32 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A ball is dropped from a height of 20 feet and repeatedly rebounds to a height that
is 4/5 of its previous height. Find the total distance the ball covers before it comes
to rest.
Solution:
Consider the problem as
infinite geometric sequence.
20 ft
4
r= a1 = 20 ft.
5
a 20
S= 1 = = 100
1 - r 1 - 4/5
Due to rebounding, double the distance minus the initial.
T = 2(100) - 20 = 180 ft.
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Solution:
x = 1st no.
y = 2nd no.
z = 3rd no.
x + y + z = 40 (1)
x=y+5 (2)
x = 2z (3)
Solution:
x = speed in jogging t1 = time in jogging
x + 4 = speed in biking t2 = time in biking
d
v= t1 + t 2 = 1 x = 6 mph jogging speed
t
d 3 5
t= + =1 x + 4 = 10 mph biking speed
v x x +4
Problem 37 – Mathematics (Algebra)
Suppose that an open box is to be made from a square sheet of
cardboard by cutting out squares from each corner as shown and then
folded along the dotted lines. If the box is to have a volume of 128 cubic
inches, find the original dimensions of the sheet of cardboard.
Solution:
Assume cut-out of 2 in. by 2 in.
V=l x w x h
128 = (x – 4)(x – 4)(2)
x = 12 in.
Solution:
r
920 = x 2
x = 30.33 ft.
2 2
2 ⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x⎞ Sprinkler
r =⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
r = 21.45 ≈ 22 ft. x
Problem 39 – Mathematics (Algebra)
Gary Marcus and Tony Alva work at Lombardo’s Pipe and Concrete.
Mr. Lombardo is preparing an estimate for a customer. He knows that
Gary can lay 4 slab of concrete in 6 hours. Tony can lay the same size
slab in 4 hours. If both work on the job and the cost of labor is $45.00 per
hour, determine what the labor estimate should be.
Solution:
⎛ 1 1⎞
⎜⎝ 6 + 4 ⎟⎠ t = 1
t = 2.4 hours
Labor estimate = 2.4(45) = $108
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Solution:
x = Rita’s speed t1 = time of Meb
x + 1.46 = Meb’s speed t2 = time of Rita
d
v= t1 = t 2
t
d 29.52 27.33
t= =
v x + 1.46 x
x = 18.22 = 18.2 km / hr
Solution:
2(25 + 0.10x) = (20 + 0.25x)
5x = 30
x = 600 mi.
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Solution:
Let W = weight D = height
B = width L = length
2 ( 1 )2
BD2 3 2
W =K W = 2160 • = 22.5 tons
L 16
WL 12(10)
K= = 1 1 2 = 2160
BD2 2(3)
Problem 43 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The intensity of light (in foot-candles) varies inveresely as the square of x, the
distance in feet from the light source. The intensity of light 2 feet from the source is
80-foot candles. How far away is the source if the intensity of light is 5 foot
candles?
Solution:
Let I = intensity of light
x = distance in feet from the light source
k
I= 2
x
k = I x 2 = 80(2)2 = 320
320
5= 2
x
x = 8 feet
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Solution:
9
Rate of PG-13 movies =
20
9
No. of PG-13 movies in a year = (599) = 269.55
20
Problem 45 – Mathematics (Algebra)
If the voltage V in an electric circuit is held constant, the current I is inversely
proportional to the resistance R. If the current is 20 amperes when the resistance
is 20 ohms, find the current when the resistance is 150 ohms.
Solution:
⎛ 1⎞
I = V⎜ ⎟
⎝ R⎠
V = IR
If V is held constant,
I1 R1 = I2 R 2
20(20) = I2 (150)
8
I2 =
3
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Solution:
Rate Time Spent Part of work done
Experienced ¼ t t/4
Apprentice 1/5 t t/5
Total work done = 1
t t
+ =1
4 5
t = 2.22 hours
Problem 47 – Mathematics (Algebra)
An experienced brick layer can construct a small wall in 3 hours. An apprentice
can complete the job in 6 hours. Find how long it takes if they work together.
Solution:
Rate Time Spent Part of work done
Experienced 1/3 t t/3
Apprentice 1/6 t t/6
Total work done = 1
t t
+ =1
3 6
t = 2 hours
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20 10
=
Vstill + 5 Vstill - 5
Vstill = 15 mph
Problem 49 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The sum of the reciprocals of two consecutive integers is 75/56. Find the two
integers.
Solution:
x = first integer
x + 1 = second integer
1 1 - 15
+ =
x x + 1 56
x = -8
x + 1 = -7
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Solution:
V1 = speed of first train
V2 = V1 + 15 = speed of second train
t = 6 hours
D1 = distance traveled by the first train
D2 = 630 – D1 = distance by the second train
D1 = V1 (6) --- ➀
D2 = V2 (6)
630 – D1 = (V1 + 15)(6) ---➁
630 - V1 (6) = (V1 + 15)(6)
V1 = 45 mph
V2 = V1 + 15 = 60 mph
Problem 51 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A giant tortoise can travel 0.17 miles in 1 hour. At this rate, how long would it take
the tortoise to travel 1 mile? (Round to the nearest tenth of an hour)
Solution:
D = Vt
D 0.17
V= = = 0.17 miles/hour
t 1
Time it takes to travel 1 mile
D 1 mile
t= = = 5.88 hours
V 0.17 mile/hour
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Solution:
Rate Time Spent Part of work done
1 1/5 x x/5
2 1/6 x x/6
3 1/7.5 x x/7.5
Total work done = 1
x x x
+ + =1
5 6 7.5
x = 2 hours
Problem 53 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A denominator of a fraction is 1 more than the numerator. If both the numerator
and the denominator are decreased by 3, the resulting fraction is equivalent to 4/5.
Find the fraction.
Solution:
x = numerator
x + 1 = denominator
(x) - 3 4
=
(x + 1) - 3 5
x =7
x+1=8
x 7
=
x +1 8
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t = 1.5 minutes
Problem 55 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A plane flies 465 miles with the wind and 345 miles against the wind in the same
length of time. If the speed of the wind is 20 mph, find the speed of the plane in
still air.
Solution:
D1 = D with the wind = 465 miles at time t
D2 = Dagainst the wind = 345 miles at time t
D1 = V1 t D 2 = V2 t
V1 = Vst + 20 V2 = Vst - 20
D1 D2
=
V1 V2
465 345
=
Vst + 20 Vst - 20
Vst = 135 mph
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Solution:
First jogger: Second jogger:
D1 = distance for 1st jogger D2 = distance for 2nd jogger
V1 = 8 mph for 1st jogger V2 = 6 mph for 2nd jogger
t1 = time for 1st jogger t2 = time for 2nd jogger
t2 = t1 + ½
D1 = V1 t1 = 8t1 D2 = V2 t2 = 6(t1 + ½)
Equate D1 = D2
8t1 = 6(t1 + ½)
t1 = 1.5 hours
D = 8(1.5) = 12 miles
Problem 57 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The initial size of a virus culture is 6 munits and it triples its size every day.
Find the general term of the geometric sequence that models the culture’s
size.
Solution:
an = a1 rn-1
an = 6(3)n-1
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Problem 59 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A triangular display of cans in a grocery store has 20 cans in the first row, 17 cans
in the second row and so on, in an arithmetic sequence.
➀ Find the number of cans in the 5th row.
Solution:
a1 = 20
d = 17 – 20 = - 3
a5 = a1 + 4d
a5 = 20 + 4(- 3) = 8 cans
➁ Find the number of cans in the 5th row.
Solution:
an = 2 a1 = 20 d=-3
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
2 = 20 + (n – 1)(- 3)
0 = 18 – 3n + 3
3n = 21
n = 7 rows
➂ No. of cans in the top row = 2
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Solution:
486
a2 = = 162 a1 = 486
3
162
a3 = = 54
3
54 1
r= =
162 3
No. of bounces = 6
486
when n = 6
a n = a1 r n−1
162 54 18 2/3 < 1
5 6
⎛ 1⎞ 2
a n = 486 ⎜ ⎟ = 2
⎝ 3⎠ 1 2 3 4 5 6
n=7
6
⎛ 1⎞
a n = 486 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
2
an =
3
Use n = 6 bounces
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Solution:
a1 = 12 a2 = 15 a3 = 18 a4 = 21
a5 = 24 a6 = 27 a7 = 30 a8 = 33 (check)
d = 15 – 12 = 3
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
an = 12 + (n – 1)(3)
an = 9 + 3n
an = 9 + 3(8) = 33
Problem 62 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A grant from an alumnus to a university specified that the university was to
receive $800,000 during the first year and 75% of the preceding years
donation during each of the following 5 years. Find the total amount
donated during the 6 years.
Solution:
a1 = 800000 r = 0.75 n=6
a(1 - r n )
S=
1- r
800000 ⎡⎣1 - (0.75) 6 ⎤⎦
S= = $2,630,468.75
1 - 0.75
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Solution:
x = Rita’s speed t1 = time of Meb
x + 1.46 = Meb’s speed t2 = time of Rita
d
v= t1 = t 2
t
d 29.52 27.33
t= =
v x + 1.46 x
x = 18.22 = 18.2 km / hr
Solution:
2(25 + 0.10x) = (20 + 0.25x)
5x = 30
x = 600 mi.
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Solution:
Let W = weight D = height
B = width L = length
2 ( 1 )2
BD2 3 2
W =K W = 2160 • = 22.5 tons
L 16
WL 12(10)
K= = 1 1 2 = 2160
BD2 2(3)
Problem 43 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The intensity of light (in foot-candles) varies inveresely as the square of x, the
distance in feet from the light source. The intensity of light 2 feet from the source is
80-foot candles. How far away is the source if the intensity of light is 5 foot
candles?
Solution:
Let I = intensity of light
x = distance in feet from the light source
k
I= 2
x
k = I x 2 = 80(2)2 = 320
320
5= 2
x
x = 8 feet
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Solution:
9
Rate of PG-13 movies =
20
9
No. of PG-13 movies in a year = (599) = 269.55
20
Problem 45 – Mathematics (Algebra)
If the voltage V in an electric circuit is held constant, the current I is inversely
proportional to the resistance R. If the current is 20 amperes when the resistance
is 20 ohms, find the current when the resistance is 150 ohms.
Solution:
⎛ 1⎞
I = V⎜ ⎟
⎝ R⎠
V = IR
If V is held constant,
I1 R1 = I2 R 2
20(20) = I2 (150)
8
I2 =
3
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Solution:
Rate Time Spent Part of work done
Experienced ¼ t t/4
Apprentice 1/5 t t/5
Total work done = 1
t t
+ =1
4 5
t = 2.22 hours
Problem 47 – Mathematics (Algebra)
An experienced brick layer can construct a small wall in 3 hours. An apprentice
can complete the job in 6 hours. Find how long it takes if they work together.
Solution:
Rate Time Spent Part of work done
Experienced 1/3 t t/3
Apprentice 1/6 t t/6
Total work done = 1
t t
+ =1
3 6
t = 2 hours
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20 10
=
Vstill + 5 Vstill - 5
Vstill = 15 mph
Problem 49 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The sum of the reciprocals of two consecutive integers is 75/56. Find the two
integers.
Solution:
x = first integer
x + 1 = second integer
1 1 - 15
+ =
x x + 1 56
x = -8
x + 1 = -7
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Solution:
V1 = speed of first train
V2 = V1 + 15 = speed of second train
t = 6 hours
D1 = distance traveled by the first train
D2 = 630 – D1 = distance by the second train
D1 = V1 (6) --- ➀
D2 = V2 (6)
630 – D1 = (V1 + 15)(6) ---➁
630 - V1 (6) = (V1 + 15)(6)
V1 = 45 mph
V2 = V1 + 15 = 60 mph
Problem 51 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A giant tortoise can travel 0.17 miles in 1 hour. At this rate, how long would it take
the tortoise to travel 1 mile? (Round to the nearest tenth of an hour)
Solution:
D = Vt
D 0.17
V= = = 0.17 miles/hour
t 1
Time it takes to travel 1 mile
D 1 mile
t= = = 5.88 hours
V 0.17 mile/hour
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Solution:
Rate Time Spent Part of work done
1 1/5 x x/5
2 1/6 x x/6
3 1/7.5 x x/7.5
Total work done = 1
x x x
+ + =1
5 6 7.5
x = 2 hours
Problem 53 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A denominator of a fraction is 1 more than the numerator. If both the numerator
and the denominator are decreased by 3, the resulting fraction is equivalent to 4/5.
Find the fraction.
Solution:
x = numerator
x + 1 = denominator
(x) - 3 4
=
(x + 1) - 3 5
x =7
x+1=8
x 7
=
x +1 8
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t = 1.5 minutes
Problem 55 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A plane flies 465 miles with the wind and 345 miles against the wind in the same
length of time. If the speed of the wind is 20 mph, find the speed of the plane in
still air.
Solution:
D1 = D with the wind = 465 miles at time t
D2 = Dagainst the wind = 345 miles at time t
D1 = V1 t D 2 = V2 t
V1 = Vst + 20 V2 = Vst - 20
D1 D2
=
V1 V2
465 345
=
Vst + 20 Vst - 20
Vst = 135 mph
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Solution:
First jogger: Second jogger:
D1 = distance for 1st jogger D2 = distance for 2nd jogger
V1 = 8 mph for 1st jogger V2 = 6 mph for 2nd jogger
t1 = time for 1st jogger t2 = time for 2nd jogger
t2 = t1 + ½
D1 = V1 t1 = 8t1 D2 = V2 t2 = 6(t1 + ½)
Equate D1 = D2
8t1 = 6(t1 + ½)
t1 = 1.5 hours
D = 8(1.5) = 12 miles
Problem 57 – Mathematics (Algebra)
The initial size of a virus culture is 6 munits and it triples its size every day.
Find the general term of the geometric sequence that models the culture’s
size.
Solution:
an = a1 rn-1
an = 6(3)n-1
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Problem 59 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A triangular display of cans in a grocery store has 20 cans in the first row, 17 cans
in the second row and so on, in an arithmetic sequence.
➀ Find the number of cans in the 5th row.
Solution:
a1 = 20
d = 17 – 20 = - 3
a5 = a1 + 4d
a5 = 20 + 4(- 3) = 8 cans
➁ Find the number of cans in the 5th row.
Solution:
an = 2 a1 = 20 d=-3
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
2 = 20 + (n – 1)(- 3)
0 = 18 – 3n + 3
3n = 21
n = 7 rows
➂ No. of cans in the top row = 2
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Solution:
486
a2 = = 162 a1 = 486
3
162
a3 = = 54
3
54 1
r= =
162 3
No. of bounces = 6
486
when n = 6
a n = a1 r n−1
162 54 18 2/3 < 1
5 6
⎛ 1⎞ 2
a n = 486 ⎜ ⎟ = 2
⎝ 3⎠ 1 2 3 4 5 6
n=7
6
⎛ 1⎞
a n = 486 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
2
an =
3
Use n = 6 bounces
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Solution:
a1 = 12 a2 = 15 a3 = 18 a4 = 21
a5 = 24 a6 = 27 a7 = 30 a8 = 33 (check)
d = 15 – 12 = 3
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
an = 12 + (n – 1)(3)
an = 9 + 3n
an = 9 + 3(8) = 33
Problem 62 – Mathematics (Algebra)
A grant from an alumnus to a university specified that the university was to
receive $800,000 during the first year and 75% of the preceding years
donation during each of the following 5 years. Find the total amount
donated during the 6 years.
Solution:
a1 = 800000 r = 0.75 n=6
a(1 - r n )
S=
1- r
800000 ⎡⎣1 - (0.75) 6 ⎤⎦
S= = $2,630,468.75
1 - 0.75
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Solution: C
21˚ 32˚
100 BC
= Sin 21˚
Sin 11˚ 11˚
BC = 187.82 m. h
h = 187.82 Sin 32˚
h = 99.5 m.
21˚ 32˚
A B
100
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Solution: 20t
20 sin 60˚
(CF)2 = (30)2 + (57.32)2 30˚ =17.32
CF = 64.7 km. 57.32
20 60˚
D
E
C
30 G 40
20 cos 60º=10
C
G
Problem 4 – Mathematics (Trigonometry & Plane Geometry)
A building and a tower stands 80 m. apart on a horizontal. At a point
midway between them, the angles of elevation of the top of the building
and the tower are complimentary. If the tower is 60 m. high, what is the
height of the building?
Solution:
h θ
tan θ = 40
60m
40 h
tan θ = 60
θ 90-θ
h 40
=
40 60
40 40
h = 26.7 m.
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Solution:
h θ
tan θ = 80
h
30
tan θ = h
h 30 θ 90-θ
80 =
h
h = 49 m. 50 30
Problem 6 – Mathematics (Trigonometry & Plane Geometry)
A ship sailed in the direction of S. 42˚ W. at a speed of 15 nautical miles
per hours. Two hours later another ship left the same port in the
direction of N.60˚W. at a speed of 18 nautical miles per hour. After how
many hours will the second ship be directly North of the first ship?
Solution: 18
t
18
t
15 t + 30 18 t 60˚ 60˚ 60˚ 60˚
=
Sin 60˚ Sin 42˚
10.04 t + 20.07 = 15.59 t 78˚ 78˚
t = 3.62 hrs.
0t
42˚ 42˚
=3
)
(2
15
5t
+1
42˚ 42˚
30
t
15
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Solution: B
40
40 (60) Sin θ 1 25 x Sin θ
(3 ) = 2
D
2
25
x = 32 cm. from A. θ
A x E C
60
Problem 8 – Mathematics (Trigonometry & Plane Geometry)
The perimeter of triangle ABC = 180 m. A = 46.567˚, B = 104.478˚, what is
the dimension of the side opposite the biggest angle?
Solution: B
P Sin B
b=
Sin A + Sin B + Sin C
180 Sin 104.478˚ 104.478˚
b=
Sin 46.567˚ + Sin 104.478˚ + Sin 28.955˚ c a
b = 80 m.
46.567˚ 28.955˚
A C
b
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Solution:
a+b+c
S= 2
18 + 24 + 15 B
S=
2
S = 28.5
c=15
S - a = 10.5
r a=18
S - b = 4.5 r
o
S - c = 13.5
A r
A = S (S - a)(S - b)(S - c) θ
A = 28.5 (10.5)(4.5)(13.5) b=24 θ
A = 134.83 m2 C
A=rS
134.83 = r (28.5)
r = 4.73
Using Cosine Law:
(15)2 = (18)2 + (24)2 - 2(18)(24) Cos C
C = 38.62˚
2θ = 38.62˚
θ = 19.31˚
r
Sin 19.31 =
OC
4.73
OC = Sin 19.31˚
OC = 14.30 m.
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Solution:
6400 mils = 360˚
400 grds = 360˚
40 grds = 36˚
1600 mils = 90˚
x + y = 90
x - y = 36
2x = 126
x = 63˚
Problem 11 – Mathematics (Trigonometry & Plane Geometry)
The sum of interior angles of a pentagon is _____.
Solution:
Sum = (n - 2) 180
Sum = (5 - 2) 180
Sum = 540˚
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h
tan θ = 13 θ
h
h
tan 2θ = 5
A θ B 2θ
2 tan θ C
tan 2θ =
1 - tan2 θ 8m 5m
h
h (2) (13)
5 = h 2
1 - (13)
h
(2) 13 (13)2
h
5 = (13)2 - h2
1 2(13)
=
5 (13)2 - h2
130 = 169 - h2
h = 6.24
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Solution:
Cos A = -Cos B Cos C+Sin B Sin C Cos a
Cos 116˚19' = - Cos 55˚30' Cos 80˚37' + Sin 55˚30' Sin 80˚37' Cos a
a = 115.57˚
Problem 14 – Mathematics (Trigonometry & Plane Geometry)
Determine the area of the spherical triangle ABC if A = 140˚,
B = 75˚, C = 86˚ and r = 40 m.
Solution:
E = A + B + C - 180
E = 140 + 75 + 86 - 180
E = 121˚
π r2 E
Area = 180
π (40)2 (121)
Area = 180
Area = 3379 m2
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Solution:
a+b+c
S= 2 B
36 + 48 + 30
S= 2 15 18
S = 57 r
c=30 a=36
d1 d2
S - a = 21 15 P
18
r d3 r
S-b=9
S - c = 27 A C
24 b=48 24
A = S (S - a)(S - b)(S - c)
A = 57 (21)(9)(27)
2
A = 539.32 m
abc
A = 4r
36 (48)(30)
539.32 = 4r
r = 24.03
2 2 2
d1 = (24.03) - (18)
d1 = 15.92 m. from side BC
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Solution:
xy
A=
2
xy B
54 = 2
xy = 108 y x
x2 + y2 = (15)2
x2 + y2 = 225
A C
x2 + ( 108
x
) 2
= 225
15
x4 + 11664 = 225 x2
x4 - 225x2 + 11664 = 225x2
x4 - 225x2 + 11664 = 0
Let a = x2
a2 = x4
a2 - 225a + 11664 = 0
a = 144
144 = x2
x = 12
108
y = 12
y=9
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b2 Sin A Sin C
Area = 2 Sin B
32˚
b = 9.93 m.
74˚ 74˚
A C
b
Problem 18 – Mathematics (Trigonometry & Plane Geometry)
In triangle BCD, BC = 25 m. and CD = 10 m. Compute the perimeter of
the triangle. D
Solution:
10
BD = 34 < 35
Perimeter = 34 + 25 + 10 C
Perimeter = 69 25
B
Problem 19 – Mathematics (Trigonometry & Plane Geometry)
The interior angles of a triangle are A, B and C.
If tan A tan B tan C = 12, find the value of tan A + tan B + tan C.
Solution:
tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
tan A + tan B + tan C = 12
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Solution: y
Ax1 + By1 + C1
d=
A2 + B2
7x-4y-28=0
(-) (7x1 - 4y1 + 28) x
d = (-)
(7)2 + (4)2
d
7(5) - 4(- 3) - 28 (5,-3)
d=
65
d = 2.36
Problem 2 – Mathematics (Analytic Geometry)
Find the area bounded by the line 2x - y + 10 = 0 and the coordinate axes.
Solution:
y
2x - y + 10 = 0
when x = 0 y=0 2x-y+10=0
y = 10 x = - 5
5 (10)
A=
2 10
A = 25
x
-5
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Solution:
t=x+1
y = 2 (x + 1)
y = 2x + 2
y = mx + b
m=2
Problem 4 – Mathematics (Analytic Geometry)
A line has a slope of 3 and a y-intercept of 8. It
passes through point (-2, y). Find the value of y.
Solution:
y = mx + b
y = 3x + 8
y = 3 (-2) + 8
y=2
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y
Solution:
x2 - 4x + 4 + y2 - 5 = 4
(x - 2)2 + (y - 0)2 = 0
t
t2 = x2 + y2 - 4x - 5 x
(2,0)
t2 = (8)2 + (-2)2 - 4 (8) - 5
(8,-2)
t = 5.57
Problem 6 – Mathematics (Analytic Geometry)
Determine the equation of the radical axis of the circles x2 + y2 -
18x - 14y + 121 = 0 and x2 + y2 - 6x + 6y + 14 = 0.
Solution:
x2 + y2 - 18x - 14y + 121 = 0
x2 + y2 - 6x + 6y + 14 = 0
- 12x - 20y + 107 = 0
12x + 20y - 107 = 0
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Solution:
x2 - 6x + 9 = 12y + 51 + 9
(x - 3)2 = 12y + 60 x
(0,0)
(x - 3)2 = 12 (y + 5)
latus rectum = 12
(3,-5)
Problem 8 – Mathematics (Analytic Geometry)
Find the length of the latus rectum of the curve 9x2 + 25y2 = 225.
Solution:
9x2 + 25y2 = 225 y
x2 y 2
25 + 9 = 1
a a
a2 = 25 b=3
a=5 x V c c F’
V’
F
b2 = 9
b=3
2 b2 a=5 a=5
L= a
2 (9)
L = 5 = 3.6
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Solution:
x2 - 2x + 1 - 4y2 - 63 = 1 y asymptote
(x - 2)2 - 4 (y - 0)2 = 64
(x - 2)2 (y - 0)2
64 - 16 =1
b
a2 = 64 θ x
a
a=8
b2 = 16 a
b=4
b
tan θ = a
4
tan θ = 8
θ = 26.6˚
Problem 10 – Mathematics (Analytic Geometry)
Find the length of the latus rectum of the curve r Sin2 θ = Cos θ.
y
Solution:
r Sin2 θ = Cos θ (r,θ)
r (yr )
2=x
r r y
y2 x
= θ
r r x
y2 = x x
4a = 1 (latus rectum)
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Problem 12 – Mathematics (Analytic Geometry)
The distance between the foci of an ellipse is 5. If its eccentricity is 0.5,
what is the distance between the directrices?
Solution: Directrix
2c = 5 y
c = 2.5
e = 0.5
a b a
c=ae V V’
x
2.5 = a (0.5) F c c F’
a=5
a
d= a a
e
d=a/e d=a/e
5
d=
0.5
d = 10
Distance between directrices = 2 (10) = 20
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Problem 14 – Mathematics (Analytic Geometry)
2x4
Find the horizontal asymptote of the curve y = 4
x - 3x2 - 1
Solution:
2x4
y= 4
x - 3x2 - 1
2
y=
3 1
1- 2- 4
x x
when x = α
2
y=
3 1
1- -
α α
2
y=1-0-0
y=2
y - 2 = 0 (horizontal asymptote)
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Solution:
y
normal
tangent
4 θ
θ C
x
D 3
AD = sub-tangent
4 3
AD = 4
AD = 5.33
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Solution:
h(20) = 1600 + 196t – 4.9t 2
dh
= 196 - 9.8t
dt
t = 20 sec.
h = 3560 m.
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Solution:
18-2x 18
x
x 24-2x x
24
Solution:
y = x3 - x
dy
= 3x 2 - 1 = 0
dx
1
x=±
3
At x = - 3 y = - 24
x=3 y = 24
1
The function has a local min. at x = and absolute min. when x = - 3.
3
1
The function has a local min. at x = - and absolute max. at x = 3
3
Ans: absolute max. at x = 3
Absolute min. at x = - 3
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Solution: x2+y2=16
y = 16 - x 2
A = 2xy y
A = 2x 16 - x 2 x x x
A1 = xy
A = 2x 16 - x 2
dA x(- 2x)
= + 16 - x 2 (1) = 0 Area = 2A
dx 16 - x 2
2(4) 32
2x 2 = 16 - x 2 Area =
3 3
3x 2 = 16
2(4) (16)(2)
2 16 Area =
x = 3
3
4 2(4)(4) 2
x= Area =
3
3
Area = 15.08 say 16
16
y = 16 -
3
32
y=
3
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Solution:
xy = 100 x
2 2
A = (x +4)(y + 8)
A = xy + 4y + 8x + 32 4
x(100) 4(100)
A= + + 8x + 32
x x
400 y
A = 100 + + 8x + 32
x
400
A = 132 + + 8x
x
dA 400 4
=0- 2 +8=0
dx x
8x 2 = 400
x = 50
100 50
y= •
50 50
100
y= 50
50
y = 2 50
Ans : 4 + 50 by 2 50 + 8
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Solution:
A = π r2
dA dr
= π 2r
dt dt
dr
16π = 2π(4)
dt
dr
= 2 in / sec.
dt
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Solution:
Bldg.
25
y=7 dy/dt
dx/dt
x 2 + y 2 = (25)2
when y = 7
dx dy
2x + 2y =0 x 2 = (25)2 - (7)2
dt dt
⎛ dy ⎞ x = 24
24(15) + 7 ⎜ ⎟ = 0
⎝ dt ⎠
dy 360
=- = - 51.43
dt 7
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Solution:
4
V = π r3
3
S = 4π r 2
dV 4 2 dr
r
= π (3)r
dt 3 dt
2 dr
60π = 4π(4)
dt
dr 15
=
dt 16
dS dr
= 4π(2)(4)
dt dt
dS 8π(15)
= (4) = 30 π in2 / sec.
dt 16
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Solution:
2
15
⎛ y⎞ r
π⎜ ⎟ y
⎝ 2⎠
V=
3
π 3
V= y
12
h=30
π r2 h
V= y=12
3
y 30
=
r 15
y = 2r
y
r=
2
dV π 2 dy
= 3y
dt 2 dt
π dy
18π = (3)(12)2
12 dt
dy
= 0.5 ft / min.
dt
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Solution:
A = π r2
dA dr
= π 2r
dt dt
dr
16π = π(2)(2)
dt
dr
= 4 in / sec.
dt
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Solution:
h
tan θ =
20
dθ 1 dh
sec 2 θ =
dt 20 dt h
dh 5400
= = 1.5 m/sec.
dt 3600
20
40
tan θ =
20
tan θ = 2
dθ dh / dt
sec θ
2
=
dt 20
sec 2 θ = 1 + tan2θ
sec 2 θ = 1 + (2)2 = 5
dθ 1.5
5 =
dt 20
dθ 3
= rad / sec.
dt 200
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Solution:
x(t) = t 3 - 11t 2 + 24t
dx
= 3t 2 - 22t + 24
dt
V = 3(5) 2 - 22(5) + 24
V = - 11
a = 6t - 22
a = 6(5) - 22
a=8
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Solution:
It changes direction when the velocity is zero.
x(t) = t 3 - 12t 2 + 36t + 18
dx
= 3t 2 - 24t + 36 = 0
dt
t 2 - 8t + 12 = 0
t = 2 and t = 6
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Solution:
x(t) = t2 – 6t
V(t) = 2t – 6
Velocity is negative if t < 3 and positive if t > 3.
Compute the absolute value of the distance traveled from t = 2 to t = 3 and
add to the absolute value of the distance traveled from t = 3 to t = 4.
x(t) = t2 – 6t
From t = 2 to t = 3
S1 = [(3)2 – 6(3)] – [(2)2 – 6(2)]
S1 = (9 – 18) – (4 – 12)
S1 = - 9 + 8 = - 1
From t = 3 to t = 4
S2 = |(4)2 – 6(4)| - |(3)2 – 6(3)|
S2 = (16 – 24) – (9 – 18)
S2 = - 8 + 9 = 1
Total distance = S1 + S2 (but absolute values)
S=1+1=2
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Solution:
a(t) = 12t - 42
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Solution:
V(t) = 6t2 – 42t + 60
Set V = 0 (when it will stop)
6t2 – 42t + 60 = 0
t2 – 7t + 10 = 0
(t – 2)(t – 5) = 0
t=2 t=5
Set acceleration a = 0
a(t) = 12t – 42 = 0
t = 7/2
Note: When the velocity and
when 2 < t < 7/2 acceleration will have opposite signs,
t=3 the particles speed is decreasing.
V = 6t2 – 42t + 60 When the velocity and acceleration
V = 6(3)2 – 42(3) + 60 have the same signs, the particles
V = - 12 (negative) speed is increasing.
Therefore, the time interval where the
a = 12t – 42 velocity is increasing is 2 < t < 7/2
a = 12(3) – 42 and t > 5.
a = - 6 (negative)
when t > 5
t=6
V = 6t2 – 42t + 60
V = 6(6)2 – 42(6) + 60
V = + 24 (positive)
a = 12t – 42
a = 12(6) – 42 = + 3 (positive)
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Solution:
x(t) = t3 – 6t2 + 1
V(t) = 3t2 – 12t
Set V = 0 and find critical values.
3t2 – 12t = 0
t=0 t=4
Because the particle changes direction after 4 sec., we have to figure out
two time intervals separately from t = 2 to t = 4 and from t = 4 to t = 5 and
add the absolute values of the distances.
t = 4 and 2
S1 = [(4)3 – 6(4)2 + 1] – [(2)3 – 6(2)2 + 1]
S1 = - 31 + 15 = 16
Exercises
Exercises
Note :
1
loga x =
x ln a
1
loga u =
u ln a
2x + 1
y' = 2
(x + x) log8
Note: y = ax
y' = ax ln a dy/dx
y = au
y’ = au ln a du/dx
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Exercises
➀ f(x) = 3x
Find y’ = ?
y = 3x
y’ = 3x ln 3
➁ y = 84x5
y’ = 84x5 ln 8 (20x4)
➂ y = πSin x
y’ = πSin x Cos x ln π
➀ Find y’ if y = xx
y = ex ln x
x ln x = x(1/x) + ln x (1)
x ln x = 1 + ln x
y = ex ln x (1 + ln x)
y = xx (1 + ln x)
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Solution:
f(x) = x3 – 12x
y = x3 – 12x
y’ = 3x2 – 12 = 0
x=±2
Then xo = 2
Problem 19 – Mathematics (Differential Calculus)
Find the value of xo prescribed by the law of the mean given f(x) = 3x2 + 4x – 3,
a = 1, b = 3.
Solution:
From the law of mean:
f(b) - f(a) f '(x o ) when g(x o ) = x 12 this becomes the law of mean
=
g(b) - g(a) g'(x o ) g'(x) = 1
f(a) = f(1) = 3(1)2 + 4(1) - 3 36 - 4 6x o + 4
f(a) = 4 =
3-1 1
f(b) = f(3) = 3(3) 2 + 4(3) - 3 32 6x o + 4
=
f(b) = 36 2 1
f '(x o ) = 6x o + 4 6x o + 4 = 16
g'(x o ) = 1 6x o = 12
g(b) - g(a) = 3 - 1 = 2 xo = 2
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Solution:
Let x = radius of circular hole
V = 12π x 2
f(x) = 12π x 2 f '(x) = 24πx o
b = 2.06 in.
a = 2.0 in.
b - a = 0.6
f(2.06) - f(2)
= 24πx o
2.06 - 2
2 < x o < 2.06 take x o = 2
f(2.06) - f(2)
= 24πx o
2.06 - 2.0
= 24π (2)
f(2.06) - f(2) = 0.06(24)π(2)
f(2.06) - f(2) = 2.88 π
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Solution:
f(b) - f(a) f '(x o )
=
g(b) - g(a) g'(x o )
f(b) = f(4)
f(b) - f(a) f '(x o )
f(4) = 3(4) + 2 = 14 =
g(b) - g(a) g'(x o )
f(a) = f(1)
14 - 5 3
f(1) = 3(1) + 2 = 5 =
17 - 2 2x o
g(b) = (4) 2 + 1 = 17 9 3
=
g(a) = (1) 2 + 1 = 2 15 2x o
f(x) = 3x + 2 3 3
=
f '(x o ) = 3 5 2x o
g(x) = x 2 + 1 5
xo =
2
g '(x) = 2x
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Solution:
y = x2
1 4
Average value =
4 -2 ∫
2
x 2 dx
4
1 ⎡x ⎤ 3
Average value = ⎢ ⎥
2 ⎣ 3 ⎦2
1 56 28
⎡ 3 3
⎤
Average value = ⎣(4) - (2) ⎦ = =
6 6 3
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Solution:
1 π
Average value =
π-0 ∫0
Sin x dx
1 4
Average value = ⎡⎣ - Cos x ⎤⎦
π 2
1
Average value = [ -Cos π + Cos 0] = 2
π π
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Find the area of the region between the curve y = Sin x and
y = Cos x from 0 to π/2.
Solution:
y y=cosx
0.414
0.414
0.586
x
π/4 π/2 π 1.5π 2π
A = 0.414(2) = 0.828
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Solution:
y2 = y + 6
x2 x1-x2
y2 - y - 6 = 0
(9, 3)
(y - 3)(y + 2) = 0
dy
y=3 y=-2
x=3+6=9 x1
(6, 0)
3
A = ∫ (x 1 - x 2 )dy
0
3
A = ∫ (y + 6 - y 2 )dy
0 x=y + 6
3
⎡ y2 y3 ⎤
A= ⎢ + 6y - ⎥
⎣2 3 ⎦0
⎡ (3)2 (3)3 ⎤
A= ⎢ + 6(3) - ⎥ -0
⎣ 2 3 ⎦
9
A= + 18 - 9
2
9 27
A= +9=
2 2
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Simple Interest:
I = P r t
Solution:
Interest = 90000 - 85500
75 days
Interest = 4500
I = Prt 0 45 120
⎛ 75 ⎞
4500 = 85500 r ⎜
⎝ 360 ⎟⎠ 85500 90000
r = 0.2526
r = 25.26%
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Simple Interest:
I = P r t
Solution:
I=Prt
⎛ 4⎞
265 = 15000(r) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠
265 = 5000 r
r = 0.053
r = 5.3%
Solution:
I=Prt
200 = P(0.09)(2)
P = P1111.11
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Compound Interest:
0 n
P
F
n
F = P(1 + i)
Solution:
F = P(1 + i)n
Interest = F – P = 300
300 = P(1 + i)n – P
300 = P(1.10)2 – P
P = P1428.57
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Solution:
0 12% n
F1 = P + Prt
F1 = 1000 + 1000(0.12)(4) P1= P1000
F1 = 1480
F1=1480
F2 = P2 (1 + i)n 0 8% n
F2 = 1480(1.08)10
F2 = P3195.21
P2= P1480
F2
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Solution:
For simple interest:
I = Prt
I = 1000(0.10)(15)
I = 1500
For compounded interest:
F = P(1 + i)n
I + P = P(1 + i)n
I + 1000 = 1000(1.10)15
I = 3177.25
Solution:
I = Prt
15000 = 100000(r)(1)
r = 0.15 = 15% per year
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P
F
rn
F = Pe where er n = compound amount factor if compounded continuously
I = F – P (interest)
r
Effective annual interest rate: Ie = e – 1
Solution:
F = P er n
F = 200,000e0.16(8)
F = P719,328
I=F–P
I = 719,328 – 200,000
I = P519,328
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Deffered Annuity
a) Future Worth 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
n =10
10
A ⎡⎣(1 + i)n - 1⎤⎦
F1 = A A A A A
i
F1
n
F2 = F1 (1 + i) 1
n 1=5
F2
b) Present Worth
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
A ⎡(1 + i) 1 - 1⎤
n
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
F= ⎣ ⎦
i A A A A A A
F F
A[(1+i)n1-i] n 1=5
P= n = 10 F= i
n P
(1 + i)
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Solution:
11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 17 18 19 20
A A A A A A A A
F1
F2
F2 = F1 (1 + i)n
F2 = 190,982.16(1.05)11 = P326,644.33
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Solution:
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
A A A A A A A A
F1
A ⎡(1 + i) 1 - 1⎤
n
F1 = ⎣ ⎦
i
25000 ⎡⎣(1.05)8 - 1⎤⎦
F1 =
0.05
F1 = P238,727.22
F
P=
(1 + i)n
238,727.22
P=
(1.05)17
P = P104,156.11
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0 1 2 3 4 5 n
A A A A A A A
Solution: 0 1 2 3 4
n
Difference = A [(1 + i) - 1]
Solution:
Difference = A [(1 + i)n - 1]
Difference = 150,000[(1.12)20 - 1]
Difference = P1,296,943.96
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Solution:
Dep. = (F.C.)(1 – K)m – 1 K
SV = FC(1 – K)n
9000 = 150000(1 – K)8
(1 – K)8 = 0.06
1 – K = (0.06)0.125 = 0.70351
K = 0.29649
Dep = FC(1 – K)m – 1 K
Dep = (FC)(1 – K)0 K
Dep = FC(K)
Dep = 150,000(0.29649)
Dep = P44,474
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Solution:
1 ⎡2 ⎤
1st year dep = ⎢ (5000) ⎥ = 1000
2 ⎣5 ⎦
2
2nd year dep = (5000 - 1000) = 1600
5
2
3rd year dep = (5000 - 1000 - 1600) = P960
5
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Solution:
(FC - SV)
Total Dep = (5)
n
(120000 - 10000)
Total Dep = (5) = P55000
10
Solution:
Sunk cost = 55000 – 30000 = P25,000
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Solution:
n
Sum of years = (1 + n)
2
5
Sum of years = (1 + 5) = 15
2
(FC - SV)(5 + 4)
Total dep after 2 years =
15
(900000 - 450000)(9)
Total dep after 2 years =
15
Total dep after 2 years = P270,000
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Solution:
(FC - SV)i
Annual dep =
(1 + i)n - 1
(100000 - 20000)(0.06)
Annual dep = 8
= P8082.88
(1.06) - 1
Dep. at the 6th year = P8082.88 (equal for every year)
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Problem 19 – Mathematics (Engineering Economics)
A certain engineer who is about to retire has accumulated P50,000 in a savings
account that pays 6% per year, compounded annually. Suppose that the engineer
wishes to withdraw a fixed sum of money at the end of each year for 10 years,
what is the amount that can be withdrawn?
Solution:
⎛A ⎞
⎜⎝ P , 6%, 10 ⎟⎠ = 0.1359
Problem 20 – Mathematics (Engineering Economics)
An engineer is planning his retirement has decided that he will have to withdraw
P10,000 from his savings account at the end of each year. How much money must
the engineer have in the bank at the start of his retirement if his money earns 6%
per year, compounded annually and he is planning a 12 year retirement (12
annual withdrawals)?
Solution:
(P / A, 6%, 12) = 8.3839
A ⎡⎣(1 + i)n - 1⎤⎦
P=
(1 + i)n i
P (1 + i)n - 1
=
A (1 + i)n i
P (1.06)12 - 1
= = 8.3839
A (1.06)12 (0.06)
P
= 8.3839
A
P
= 8.3839
10000
P = P83839
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Solution: 0 1 2 3 4 20
(A / F, 6%, 20) = 0.02718
A ⎡⎣(1 + i)n - 1⎤⎦ A A A A A
F=
i
A i F=50000
=
F (1 + i)n - 1
A 0.06
= (sinking fund factor)
F (1.06)20 - 1
A
= 0.02718
F
A
= 0.02718
50000
A = P1359
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Solution: 9000
8000 (A/G, 9%, 10)=3.7978
A 1 n 4000
= - 3000
G i (1 + i)n - 1 2000
1000
A 1 10
= -
G 0.09 (1.09)10 - 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 9 10
A
= 3.7978
G
A A A A A A A
A
= 3.7978
1000
0 1 2 3 4 5 9 10
A = P3797.80
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Solution: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
G ⎡ (1 + i) - 1
n
n ⎤
P1 = ⎢ - ⎥
i ⎣ (1 + i)n i (1 + i)n ⎦ 550 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550
400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
P3 =
(1.08)1
P3 = P370.37 A A A A A A A A A A=100
F2
Total P = P1 + P2 + P3
Total P = 1298.84 + 671 + 370.37
Total P = P2340.21
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Solution:
0 1 2 3 4 15
A[(1 + i)n - 1]
P=
(1 + i)n i A A A A A
P = P467,789.61
P = P467,789.61