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    Pathophysiology of Concussion and Health History Analysis of Case I

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    susanti santalia
    The document discusses pathophysiology of concussion and analyzes the health history of a case. It defines concussion as a minor head injury causing loss of consciousness for less than 5 minutes. It then summarizes the 51-year-old male patient's motor vehicle accident where he was not wearing his helmet properly and suffered a lateral skull fracture. His fluctuating blood pressure and bleeding from the ears for 4 days after suggest concussion and possible basilar skull fracture. A CT scan is needed to determine the full extent of injuries beyond concussion.

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    Pathophysiology of Concussion and Health History Analysis of Case I

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    susanti santalia
    39 views5 pages
    The document discusses pathophysiology of concussion and analyzes the health history of a case. It defines concussion as a minor head injury causing loss of consciousness for less than 5 minutes. It then summarizes the 51-year-old male patient's motor vehicle accident where he was not wearing his helmet properly and suffered a lateral skull fracture. His fluctuating blood pressure and bleeding from the ears for 4 days after suggest concussion and possible basilar skull fracture. A CT scan is needed to determine the full extent of injuries beyond concussion.

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    Susanti Santalia_1706039345

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    The document discusses pathophysiology of concussion and analyzes the health history of a case. It defines concussion as a minor head injury causing loss of consciousness for less than 5 minutes. It then summarizes the 51-year-old male patient's motor vehicle accident where he was not wearing his helmet properly and suffered a lateral skull fracture. His fluctuating blood pressure and bleeding from the ears for 4 days after suggest concussion and possible basilar skull fracture. A CT scan is needed to determine the full extent of injuries beyond concussion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    39 views5 pages

    Pathophysiology of Concussion and Health History Analysis of Case I

    Uploaded by

    susanti santalia
    The document discusses pathophysiology of concussion and analyzes the health history of a case. It defines concussion as a minor head injury causing loss of consciousness for less than 5 minutes. It then summarizes the 51-year-old male patient's motor vehicle accident where he was not wearing his helmet properly and suffered a lateral skull fracture. His fluctuating blood pressure and bleeding from the ears for 4 days after suggest concussion and possible basilar skull fracture. A CT scan is needed to determine the full extent of injuries beyond concussion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Pathophysiology of Concussion and Health History Analysis of Case

    I
    by Susanti Santalia, 1706039345
    Regular Undergraduate Student of Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia
    [email protected]

    Pathophysiology of Head Injury: Concussion

    Head injury cover the scopes of trauma to the scalp, skull, or brain, with the serious
    version of head injury is considered as traumatic brain injury (TBI) [ CITATION
    Lew14 \l 1033 ]. From how the injury is developed, we can divide the etiology into
    blunt force or penetrating force. Furthermore, the blunt force covers the acceleration-
    deceleration force, rotational force, motor collusion or fall. Penetrating force means
    the force that ‘enter’ or directly damage and make wounds to the head.
    A person may suffer from one, two, or even three kind of injuries at once. Mostly, we
    also divide the injuries on each part [ CITATION Whi13 \l 1033 ]:

    1. Scalp injuries: any injuries that happens on the dermis/skin part. Usually come
    with bleeding to the abundant existence of blood vessels.
    2. Skull injury: injuries or fractures of the skull, usually happens due to extreme
    force.
    A. Linear fracture: cracks, but the fragments stay in place.
    B. Comminuted fracture: bone broken into fragments
    C. Depressed fracture: bone fragments pressing into the intracranial
    cavity
    D. Basilar skull fracture: the bones fractures in the base of skull
    3. Brain injury: injuries to the brain, classified to open and close injury. The
    open injury relates with skull fractures and penetration injury, while closed
    injury is caused by the force impacted from the brain against the opposite of
    the skull.

    According to Black, et al in 2009, concussion is a form of head injury that can cause
    loss of consciousness (LOC) for 5 minutes or less, and also retrograde amnesia.
    Patient with concussion usually has no damage on their skull or dura. Concussion is
    considered minor diffuse head injury. Concussion is characterized by a blow to the
    head, with transient confusion or feeling dazed or disoriented [ CITATION Ign18 \l
    1033 ]. some symptoms that the patient will have are: (1) medical complications such
    as hypotension, hypertension, and cardiac problems, (2) decreased protective
    mechanism; patient becomes vulnerable to infections, (3) decreased immunologic
    competence.
    Health history of case I’s patient
    For history of health, we assess (1) mechanism of injury, (2) sport injury, (3) motor
    vehicle collision, (4) assault, (5) industrial accident, (6) falls.
    In the case given, the patient, male aged 51, got a motor vehicle collision because he
    was trying to avoid a pedestrian. From the motor vehicle collision we could conclude
    him getting a blunt force injury, that caused him to get collision.
    Hence, there are another data that showed the detail of the accident; he didn’t
    properly place his helmet’s buckle. So probably, his helmet fell off when he had the
    accident. This may be why he got the lateral skull injury.
    For the data of his blood pressure, we can learn that he has fluctuating blood pressure
    these days; which might be a symptom that results from the concussion he had.
    Automatic and manual sphygmomanometer are not supposed to have such big gap
    between the number measured, but, again, there should be further investigation and
    examination on his actual blood pressure.
    In the case given, the man was having bleeding from his ears, and need to use tampon
    for the next 4 days. The right periorbital area is having edema and ecchymosis, which
    means the man might have experienced basilar skull injury.
    The man also experienced loss of conscious for 3 hours, though he got no
    nausea/vomiting.
    By the periorbital edema and ecchymosis, also the LOC for more than 3 hours, it is a
    must that we take a look at the CT Scan to make sure whether he only had concussion
    or something more serious.

    Bibliography
    Black, J. M., & Hawks, J. H. (2009). Medical-surgical nursing : clinical management for
    positive outcomes. Philadelphia: Elsevier.

    Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2018). Medical
    Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care 9th ed. Missouri:
    Elsevier.

    Lewis, S. L., Dirksen, S. R., Heitkemper, M. M., & Bucher, L. (2014). Medical-surgical nursing :
    assessment and management of clinical problems 9th ed. Canada: Elsevier Mosby.

    White, L., Duncan, G., & Baumle, W. (2013). Medical-surgical nursing: An integrated
    approach, 3rd ed. New York: Delmar.

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