Return to Document Menu

ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY

AAnalyst 600
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

User’s Guide
 ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY

AAnalyst 600
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer

User’s Guide
 PerkinElmer Bodenseewerk is registered
for the design and manufacture of
laboratory analytical equipment
under the quality requirements of
BS EN ISO 9001.

Certificate No. FM 22178

Notice
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Release history

Part Number Release Publication Date

0993-5254 1 March 1998
2 September 1998
3 April 2000
4 September 2000

Trademarks
PerkinElmer is a trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc.
AA WinLab, AAnalyst, Lumina, and THGA are trademarks of affiliates of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC.
Windows is a trademark and Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not
specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Copyright information
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.
All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form whatsoever
or translated into any language without the prior written permission of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC
or one of its affiliates.
Copyright ©1998–2000 by affiliates of PerkinElmer Instruments LLC
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany
Technical Documentation
PerkinElmer Bodenseewerk
D-88647 Ueberlingen, Federal Republic of Germany
 Contents

page

Chapter 1 Safety and Regulatory Information

Safety practices and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Correct use of the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Electrical safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Laboratory hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Laboratory ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Safe handling of chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Waste disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
UV radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Magnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
High temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Handling compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Safety practices for electrothermal atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
References for laboratory safety practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
Regulatory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
IEC 1010 compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Electrical protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Warning markings on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

0993-5254 C-1
Contents

page

Chapter 2 Spectrometer Installation

Before you install the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Moving and reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Preparing the spectrometer to be moved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Moving the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Connecting the furnace gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Installing the furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Connecting cooling sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Electrical connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
Chapter 3 Preparing the System for Analyses
Switching on the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Installing lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Installing sample trays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Shutting down the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Emergency shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Chapter 4 Spectrometer: System Maintenance
PerkinElmer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Maintenance checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Spectrometer maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Cleaning the windows of the optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Maintaining the electrical components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Changing the air filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Aligning the Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Fume extraction unit maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Removing and refitting the fume extraction unit tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Chapter 5 Parts and Supplies
Parts provided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Obtaining supplies, accessories, and replacement parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

C-2 0993-5254
 Contents

page

Chapter 6 Laboratory Requirements

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Space requirements for the spectrometer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Magnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Electrical requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Gas supply requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Furnace gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Cooling the spectrometer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Computer and printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Chapter 7 Spectrometer: System Description
The AAnalyst 600 Spectrometer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
The optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
Switches and connectors on the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
The fume extraction unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15
Chapter 8 Translations of Warnings
Translations of Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
Index
Customer Service

0993-5254 C-3
Contents

C-4 0993-5254
Safety and Regulatory Information 1
1Safety and Regulatory Information

Contents page

Safety practices and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Correct use of the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Electrical safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Laboratory hygiene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Laboratory ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Safe handling of chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Waste disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
UV radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Magnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
High temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Handling compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Safety practices for electrothermal atomization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
References for laboratory safety practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
Regulatory information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
IEC 1010 compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Electrical protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Warning markings on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

0993-5254 1-1
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Safety practices and conventions

This instrument has been designed to comply with a wide variety of international
standards governing the safety of laboratory equipment. In routine use, the
instrument poses virtually no risk to you. If you take some simple, common-sense
precautions, you can maintain the continued safe operation of the instrument.
The guide provided with the instrument contains information and warnings that
must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the
instrument in a safe condition. This advice is intended to supplement, not
supersede, the normal safety code of behavior prevailing in the country of
operation.
The information provided does not cover every safety procedure that should be
practiced. Ultimately, maintenance of a safe laboratory environment is the
responsibility of the user and the user’s organization.
Possible hazards that could harm the user or result in damage to the instrument
are clearly stated at appropriate places throughout this guide.
Any of the following safety conventions can be used throughout this guide:

This symbol alerts you to situations that could result in personal injury to yourself
or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

This symbol alerts you to the risk of electric shock that could result in personal
injury to yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

This symbol alerts you to the risk of hot surfaces that could cause personal
injury to yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

0993-5254 1-3
 Safety/Regulatory Information

This symbol alerts you to the risk of ultraviolet radiation that could cause
eye damage to yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

This symbol alerts you to the risk of strong magnetic fields that could cause
injury to persons wearing a heart pacemaker or having metallic implants.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

Caution The term CAUTION alerts you to situations that could result in serious damage
to the instrument or other equipment.
Details about these circumstances are described in a message similar to this
one.

Correct use of the instrument

Before you install or use your instrument, and in order to get the best results, you
should be familiar with all of the instruments in the system and know how to
operate them. You should also be aware of the safety procedures in force in your
laboratory, especially those concerning atomic spectrometry instruments. Consult
the guides supplied with the instruments before you start.
If you use the instrument in a manner not specified in the guide, or if you use it
for a purpose other than that intended, you may damage the instrument, or
compromise your own, or someone else’s, safety.
This instrument should only be operated by persons who are suitably qualified
and have received adequate training.

1-4 0993-5254
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Electrical safety

W1.2
Warning: Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing
Only a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person
should be permitted to service the instrument.
 Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements, repairs, or modifications
to this instrument except as described in the documentation supplied with the
instrument.

W2.1
Warning: Electrical Hazard
Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the instrument or
disconnection of the protective conductor (earth/ground) terminal is likely to
make the instrument dangerous.
Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Lethal voltages are present in the instrument
– Even with the power switch off, line power voltages can still be present within
the instrument.
– When the instrument is connected to line power, terminals may be live, and
opening covers or removing parts (except those to which access can be
gained without use of a tool) is likely to expose live parts.
– Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if the instrument
has been disconnected from all voltage sources.

 To ensure satisfactory and safe operation of the instrument, it is essential that

the line power cord is connected to a properly installed line power outlet that
has a protective conductor (earth/ground).
 Do not attempt to make internal adjustments or replacements except as
directed in the guide provided with the instrument.
 Do not operate the instrument with any covers or parts removed.
 Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources before opening it for any
adjustment, replacement, maintenance, or repair.
If, afterwards, the opened instrument must be operated for further adjustment,
maintenance, or repair, this must only be done by a skilled person who is
aware of the hazard involved.

0993-5254 1-5
 Safety/Regulatory Information

 Use only fuses with the required current rating and of the specified type for
replacement.
Do not use makeshift fuses or short-circuit the fuse holders.
 Whenever it is likely that the instrument is no longer electrically safe for use,
make the instrument inoperative and secure it against any unauthorized or
unintentional operation.
The instrument is likely to be electrically unsafe when it:
– Shows visible damage.
– Fails to perform the intended measurement.
– Has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable conditions.
– Has been subjected to severe transport stresses.

Note: The spectrometer is provided with an operational on/off switch and with
a circuit breaker.
The operational on/off switch turns the instrument on and off, but it does not
disconnect the instrument from the line power supply.
The circuit breaker functions as a ‘disconnecting device’ and disconnects the
instrument entirely from the line power supply.
Further information on these two switches is provided in ‘Switches and
connectors on the spectrometer’ starting at page 7-6.

1-6 0993-5254
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Operating conditions

W1.3
Warning: Explosive Atmosphere
This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosive atmosphere.

The instrument will operate correctly under the following conditions:

 Indoors.
 Ambient temperature +15 C to +35 C (+59 F to +95 F), with a maximum
change not exceeding 2.8 C (5 F) per hour.
 Ambient relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.
 Altitude in the range 0 m to 2000 m (sea level to 6500 feet).
 The location must be free of dust, smoke, and corrosive fumes.
You can store the instrument safely under the following conditions:
 Ambient temperature –20 C to +60 C (–4 F to +140 F).
 Ambient relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.
 Altitude in the range 0 m to 12000 m (sea level to 40 000 feet).
When you remove the instrument from storage and before you put it into
operation, allow it to stand for at least a day under the approved operating
conditions.

0993-5254 1-7
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Laboratory hygiene
 Keep the work area scrupulously clean to avoid contaminating your samples
and to maintain a safe working environment. Clean up spilled chemicals
immediately and dispose of them properly.
 Do not allow smoking in the work area. Smoking is a source of significant
contamination and also a potential route for ingesting harmful chemicals.
 Do not store, handle, or consume food in the work area.

Laboratory ventilation
Toxic combustion products, metal vapor, ozone, etc., can be generated by the
system, depending on the type of analyses being performed.
 You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic
products generated during instrument operation.

1-8 0993-5254
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Safe handling of chemicals

Some chemicals used with the instrument may be hazardous or may become
hazardous after completion of an analysis.
The responsible body1 must take the necessary precautions to ensure that the
surrounding workplace is safe and that instrument operators are not exposed to
hazardous levels of toxic substances (chemical or biological) as defined in the
applicable national, state, and local health and safety regulations and laws.
Venting for fumes and disposal of wastes must be in accordance with all national,
state, and local health and safety regulations and laws.
 Use, store, and dispose of chemicals in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations and the applicable national, state, and/or local regulations.
 Wear appropriate eye protection at all times while handling chemicals.
Depending on the types of chemicals you are handling, wear safety glasses
with side shields, or goggles, or a full-face shield.
 Wear suitable protective clothing, including gloves if necessary, resistant to
the chemicals you are handling.
 When preparing chemical solutions, always work in a fume hood that is
suitable for the chemicals you are using.
 Perform sample preparation away from the instrument to minimize corrosion
and contamination.
 Clean up spills immediately using the appropriate equipment and supplies,
such as spill cleanup kits.
 Do not put open containers of solvent near the instrument.
 Store solvents in an approved cabinet (with the appropriate ventilation) away
from the instrument.

1. Definitions from IEC 1010-1:

Responsible body: ‘individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of
equipment, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.’
Operator: ‘person operating equipment for its intended purpose.’

0993-5254 1-9
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Waste disposal

Contents of waste containers

The materials that you collect in waste containers may include small amounts of
the substances that were analyzed and other chemicals used in the analyses.
If these materials are toxic, corrosive, or contain organics you may have to treat
the collected effluent as hazardous waste. Refer to your local safety regulations
for proper disposal procedures.

Disposing of defective lamps

Hollow cathode lamps and electrodeless discharge lamps contain small quantities
of the lamp element in a very pure form. If a lamp containing toxic elements
becomes defective or otherwise unusable, you must treat it as hazardous waste
and dispose of it accordingly. A licensed company in the chemical waste disposal
business can provide lamp disposal in accordance with environmental regulatory
requirements. Please note that PerkinElmer does not take back defective lamps for
disposal.
In addition, hollow cathode lamps and deuterium lamps are maintained under
reduced pressure. Handle and dispose of them correctly to minimize the
implosion risk.
For information, the quantities of analyte material contained in the cathodes of
hollow cathode lamps are listed in the table below:

Quantity of material Single-element hollow Multi-element hollow

in the cathode cathode lamps cathode lamps

As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Dy, Er,

Eu, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Ho, In, Ir,
less than 5 g K, La, Li, Mg, Na, Nd, Pd, Pr, Na-K, Pt-Ru
Pt. Re, Rh, Ru, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn,
Ta, Tb, Tm, Yb, Y
Ag, Al, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ca-Mg, Ca-Zn, Ag-Au,
5–10 g
Ni, Sb, Si, Sr, Te, V, W, Zn, Zr Sn-Te, Ca-Mg-Zn, Ca-Mg-Al
10–15 g Cu, Fe, Hg, Nb, P, Pb, Ti, Tl all other multi-element HCLs
For EDLs, the quantity of analyte material used is much less than the quantities
used in HCLs. Typically, only several milligrams of material are placed in the
EDL bulb. No PerkinElmer EDLs (System 1 or 2) contain more than 0.05 g of
analyte material.

1-10 0993-5254
 Safety/Regulatory Information

UV radiation
You should be aware of the health hazard presented by UV radiation.
 When the instrument is on, do not remove any covers unless specifically
instructed to do so in the guide since otherwise you may be exposed to
potentially hazardous UV radiation.
 Always wear UV-absorbing eye protection when viewing any of these
sources:
– The graphite furnace when it is heated to incandescence.
– Hollow cathode or electrodeless discharge lamps.

Magnetic field
Zeeman graphite furnace systems
The electromagnet generates a strong magnetic field inside the furnace during
measurement cycles.
There is a weak, accessible, stray magnetic field around the graphite furnace. This
stray magnetic field can affect heart pacemakers and metallic implants up to
0.6 meter from the furnace in all directions. This stray field can also affect other
instruments, watches, and magnetic storage devices.
 Do not operate the furnace when persons wearing electronic heart
pacemakers, or having other metallic implants, are present.
 Anyone wearing a heart pacemaker or having metallic implants should remain
at least 0.6 meter away from the furnace – in any direction – while the furnace
is operating.

0993-5254 1-11
 Safety/Regulatory Information

High temperatures
Graphite furnace
The THGA graphite furnace can generate temperatures of up to 2600 C.
 Do not touch any part of the graphite furnace until it has cooled to room
temperature.
 Do not attempt to inject a sample into the graphite tube when the furnace is
hot. You may be subjected to fumes from the sudden vaporization of the
sample, and may damage the pipet.

Handling compressed gases

Note: The permanent installation of gas supplies is the responsibility of the user
and should conform to local safety and building regulations.

Warning: Compressed Gases

High pressure gas cylinders can be dangerous if mishandled or misused.
 Always handle gas cylinders with caution and observe your local regulations
for the safe handling of gas cylinders.

Summary of gas hazards

Hazards associated with the different gases used in atomic absorption
spectrometry are presented in the table below:
Spontaneous
Decomposition
Gas Suffocation Explosion or Combustion
Argon x – –
Nitrogen x – –
Contact the gas supplier for a safety data sheet containing detailed information on
the potential hazards associated with the gas.

Identifying cylinders
 Legibly mark cylinders to clearly identify the contents and status (full, empty,
etc.). Use the chemical name or commercially accepted name for the gas.

1-12 0993-5254
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Storing cylinders
 Store cylinders in accordance with the applicable national, state, and/or local
regulations and standards.
 When gas cylinders are stored in confined areas, such as a storage room, make
sure that ventilation is adequate to prevent toxic or explosive accumulations
of gas.
The storage room should be well ventilated and dry. This is particularly
important in confined areas.
 Do not store cylinders near elevators, gangways, or in locations where heavy
moving objects may strike or fall against them.
 Use and store cylinders away from exits and exit routes.
 Locate gas cylinders away from heat sources, including heat lamps.
Compressed gas cylinders should not be subjected to temperatures above
52 °C (125 °F).
 Do not allow ignition sources in the storage area and keep cylinders away
from readily ignitable substances such as gasoline or waste, or combustibles
in bulk, including oil.
 Store all gas cylinders only in a vertical position, with the valve cap in place,
and fastened securely to an immovable bulkhead or a permanent wall.
 If you are storing cylinders outdoors, store them above ground on a suitable
floor where they are protected against temperature extremes (including the
direct rays of the sun).

Handling cylinders
 Move cylinders with a suitable hand truck after making sure that the valve cap
is securely in place and that the cylinder is properly fastened to the hand truck.
 Use only approved regulators, tubing, and hose connectors.
 Arrange gas hoses where they will not be damaged or stepped on and where
things will not be dropped on them.
 Do not attempt to refill gas cylinders.
 Check the condition of pipes, hoses, and connectors regularly, and replace any
damaged parts.
 Perform periodic gas leak tests at all joints and seals of the gas system by
applying an approved gas leak detection solution.

0993-5254 1-13
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Safety practices for electrothermal atomization

Safety interlocks
PerkinElmer provides a number of safety interlocks on the graphite furnace
(electrothermal atomization) system that monitor the gas pressure and the
temperature of certain system components.
 Do not attempt to defeat these interlocks; you may compromise your own, or
someone else’s, safety.

Inert gas
The graphite furnace requires a supply of inert gas. PerkinElmer recommends
argon.
Although nitrogen can be used, it is not recommended for the inert gas supply. At
furnace temperatures above 2300 °C, nitrogen reacts with graphite to form toxic
cyanogen gas (CN)2.

Safety checks
 Before you start an analysis, make sure that:
– The laboratory fume ventilation system is operating;
– The inert gas supply is connected and set to the correct pressure;
– The cooling water supply is turned on;
– The autosampler waste bottle is empty.

1-14 0993-5254
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Hazards with electrothermal atomization

Toxic products:
Toxic metal vapors, ozone, etc., can be generated by the system, depending on the
type of analyses being performed.
 You must provide an efficient laboratory ventilation system to remove toxic
products generated during instrument operation.
 If you use nitrogen as the inert gas, toxic cyanogen gas (CN)2 will be produced
when the furnace temperature is above 2300 °C.

High temperatures:
The THGA graphite furnace can generate temperatures of up to 2600 °C
 To avoid serious burns, never touch the graphite components until the furnace
has cooled to room temperature.
 Do not attempt to inject a sample into the graphite tube when the furnace is
hot. You may be subjected to fumes from the sudden vaporization of the
sample, and may damage the pipet.

UV radiation:
The graphite furnace emits ultraviolet radiation when it is heated to
incandescence.
 Never directly view the graphite furnace unless you are wearing UV-
absorbing glasses.

Strong magnetic field:

The electromagnet generates a strong magnetic field inside the THGA furnace
during measurement cycles.
 Do not operate the furnace when persons wearing electronic heart
pacemakers, or having other metallic implants, are present.
 Anyone wearing a heart pacemaker or having metallic implants should remain
at least 0.6 meter away from the furnace – in any direction – while the furnace
is operating.

0993-5254 1-15
 Safety/Regulatory Information

References for laboratory safety practice

 Bretherik, L., Bretherik’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards, 4th ed.,

Butterworth & Co. Ltd., London, UK, 1990.
 Safe Practices in Chemical Laboratories,
Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 1989.
 Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 5th edition, Luxon, S.G., ed.,
Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK, 1992.
 CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 3rd edition, Furr, K., ed.,
The Chemical Rubber Co. Press, Florida, USA, 1990.
 Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories,
National Research Council, National Academic Press, Washington D.C.,
USA, 1981.
 Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials,
9th edition, Sax, N.I. and Lewis, R.J., eds.,Wiley, New York, USA, 1998.
 Pohanish, R.P. and Greene, S.A., Hazardous Materials Handbook,
Wiley, New York, USA, 1996.
 Compressed Gas Association, Inc., Arlington, VA 22202, USA, various
publications.
 Data Sheets provided by chemical manufacturers, e.g.:
– USA, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS),
– FRG, DIN-Sicherheitsblätter,
– UK, Hazard Data Sheets.

1-16 0993-5254
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Regulatory information

IEC 1010 compliance

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with EN 61010-
1:1993 (IEC 1010-1): Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control, and laboratory use, including Amendments 1 and 2 to this
standard, and EN 61010-2-061:1996 (IEC 1010-2-061:1995): Particular
requirements for laboratory atomic spectrometers with thermal atomization and
ionization.

Electrical protection
Insulation
Class I as defined in IEC 1010-1.

Installation category
This instrument is able to withstand transient overvoltage according to
Installation Category II as defined in IEC 1010-1 and IEC 664.

Pollution degree
This equipment will operate safely in environments that contain nonconductive
foreign matter and condensation up to Pollution Degree 2 as defined in
IEC 1010-1 and IEC 664.

0993-5254 1-17
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

European Union (EMC Directives)
This instrument has been designed and tested to meet the requirements of the
EU Directives 89/336/EEC and 92/31/EEC. It complies with the generic EMC
standard EN 61326-1:1997 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use – EMC requirements – General requirements.
This instrument has passed the following EMC tests:

Emission of conducted Electromagnetic compatibility

and radiated noise
EN 55011:96 EN61000-4-2:95
EN 61000-3-2:95 EN61000-4-3:95
EN 61000-3-3:95 EN61000-4-4:95
EN61000-4-5:95
EN61000-4-6:96

United States (FCC)

This instrument is classified as a digital device used exclusively as industrial,
commercial, or medical equipment. It is exempt from the technical standards
specified in Part 15 of FCC Rules and Regulations, based on Section 15.103 (c).

Japan (FCC)
This instrument has been tested and found to comply with the limits of a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with
the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful
interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at
his own expense. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the
manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

1-18 0993-5254
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Symbols used on the instrument

Any of the following symbols can be used on the instrument:

This symbol indicates that there is a potential hazard and that the user must look
in the guide for an explanation of the hazard and how to avoid it.

This symbol indicates the risk of electric shock.

This symbol indicates the risk of hot surfaces.

This symbol indicates that there is a potential hazard due to a strong magnetic
field and that persons wearing heart pacemakers should remain at least 0.6 m
away from the furnace.

This symbol indicates the off position of the main power switch or circuit
breaker. With the switch in this position, the instrument is disconnected entirely
from the line power supply.

This symbol indicates the on position of the main power switch or circuit breaker.
With the switch in this position, the instrument is connected to the line power
supply but is not necessarily switched on and operational.

This symbol indicates the operational on/off switch.

This symbol indicates alternating current.

0993-5254 1-19
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Warning markings on the instrument

Warning markings at the front of the spectrometer

B A
0.6 m

A
Risk of hot surfaces
Risque de surfaces chaudes
Gefahr durch heisse Oberflächen

B
Strong magnetic field
Anyone wearing a heart pacemaker or having metallic implants should remain at least
0.6 meter away from the furnace – in any direction – while the furnace is operating.

Champ magnétique intense

Tout personne ayant un stimulateur cardiaque ou des implants métalliques doit rester
éloignée d'au moins 0,6 m du four pendant le fonctionnement de celui-ci.

Starkes Magnetfeld
Herzschrittmacherträger und Personen mit Metall-Implanten müssen zum Magneten einen
Sicherheitsabstand von mindestens 0,6 m in jeder Richtung um den Magneten einhalten.

1-20 0993-5254
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Warning markings on the rear panel

Inst rument Communi cation Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four
Ofengase
Pmi n
Pmax

230 V 230 V 230 V 350 400 kP a

50/ 60 H z 50/ 60 H z 50/ 60 H z 3.5 4.0 bar
Ar / N2 50. 0 58. 0 psig
Normal Gas Spec ial Gas
Gaz N ormal Gaz Spéc ial
F1 F2 F3 F4 Normalgas Spez ial gas
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

230 V
50/ 60 H z

Cooling Sys tem

Sy stème de Refroidis sement
Uml aufk ühlung

I
0

In Out
Entrée Sort ie
Eingang Ausgang

H2 O Pmin P max Warning SA

L R 4 5 111 ***

250 350 k Pa Warning L R 4 5 111 ***

A l f i eld w i ri ng mu st h ave i nsul at i on
su ti abl e f or a t l east 300 V

Furnace Cooling
SA

2.5 3.5 bar Ds

i c onn ect supp y
l be fo r e ser vi cin g
Avertissement
Refroidissement du Four 36 50 psig Avertissement Le c abl age à p e
i d d'o uvr e do ti êt re
ce rt i if és po ur u n min m
i um de 3 00 V
C oup er 'l ali men ta ti on av ant 'l ent r et e
i n

Ofenkühlung

230 V 230 V 230 V

50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz

D F1 F2 F3 F4
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

C
Power outlets
Power outlets for a printer, computer, or monitor.
Only connect a printer, computer, or monitor to the respective power outlet when the
equipment requires 230 V, 50/60 Hz.
D
Cooling system outlet
Connect the cooling system to this power outlet only.
Do not connect the cooling system to any other supply.
Do not connect other equipment to this power outlet.

0993-5254 1-21
 Safety/Regulatory Information

Inst rument Communi cation Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four
Ofengase
P mi n
Pmax

230 V 230 V 230 V 350 400 kP a

50/ 60 H z 50/ 60 H z 50/ 60 H z 3.5 4.0 bar
Ar / N
2
50. 0 58. 0 psig
Normal Gas Spec ial Gas
Gaz N ormal Gaz Spéc ial
F1 F2 F3 F4 Normalgas Spez ial gas
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

230 V
50/ 60 H z

Cooling Sys tem

Sy stème de Refroidis sement
Uml aufk ühlung

I
0

In Out
Entrée Sort ie
Eingang Ausgang

H2 O Pmin P max Warning SA L R 4 5 111 ***

A l f i eld w i ri ng mu st h ave i nsul at i on
250 350 k Pa Warning
SA
L R 4 5 111 *** su ti abl e f or a t l east 300 V

Furnace Cooling 2.5 3.5 bar Ds

i c onn ect supp y
l be fo r e ser vi cin g Avertissement
Refroidissement du Four 36 50 psig Avertissement Le c abl age à p e
i d d'o uvr e do ti êt re
ce rt i fi és po ur u n min m
i um de 3 00 V

Ofenkühlung
C oup er 'l ali men ta ti on av ant 'l ent r et e
i n

Warning
Disconnect supply before servicing
Avertissement
Couper l’alimentation avant l’entretien

Warning
All field wiring must have insulation
suitable for at least 300 V
Avertissement
Le cablage à pied d’ouvre doit être
certifiés pour un minimum de 300 V

1-22 0993-5254
Spectrometer Installation 2
2Spectrometer Installation
Marker for header

Contents page

Before you install the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Moving and reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Preparing the spectrometer to be moved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Moving the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Reinstalling the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Connecting the furnace gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Installing the furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Connecting cooling sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Electrical connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

0993-5254 2-1
Spectrometer Installation

2-2 0993-5254
 Spectrometer Installation

Before you install the spectrometer

When the spectrometer arrives

 Check the exterior of the shipping crate for obvious signs of damage. If the
crate has been damaged, file a claim with the authorized carrier immediately
and inform your nearest PerkinElmer office.
 Contact your local PerkinElmer office to arrange for the installation.

Before the service engineer arrives

 You must prepare a suitable site for the spectrometer and any accessories.
See Chapter 6, Laboratory Requirements, and the guides for any accessories.
 You must make sure that the fume ventilation system and the necessary gas
supply lines and regulators are installed.
 Although you should not perform the initial installation yourself, we
recommend that you read the installation instructions to learn about the
spectrometer and its requirements before you start using it.
These instructions are also provided in case you need to alter any of the
connections or move the instrument.

When the service engineer arrives

 The service engineer will remove the spectrometer from the crate and check
that all parts have been delivered. If anything is missing or damaged, the
service engineer will make sure that the respective parts are supplied.
 The service engineer will remove the shipping locks, perform pre-installation
checks, install the spectrometer, and make sure that everything functions
correctly.

0993-5254 2-3
Spectrometer Installation

Moving and reinstalling the spectrometer

We recommend that only a PerkinElmer service engineer or a PerkinElmer

trained and authorized person moves and reinstalls the spectrometer.
Should you attempt to do this yourself, PerkinElmer cannot be held responsible
for any damage or malfunctioning of the spectrometer.
The instructions here are primarily intended for occasions where you may want
to move the spectrometer short distances to a new location within the laboratory.
Read the instructions carefully and be sure you understand them thoroughly
before you attempt to move the spectrometer. Read the detailed information given
in the relevant sections of this chapter before you reinstall the spectrometer.
If you intend to transport the spectrometer over a longer distance, contact your
local PerkinElmer office since internal shipping locks must be set via the service
software, inside the spectrometer.

Preparing the spectrometer to be moved

1. Close the AA WinLab application, then shut down the Windows operating
system.
2. Switch off the spectrometer, computer, and all the accessories.
3. Disconnect all the electrical cables.
4. Remove the furnace autosampler from the spectrometer (see ‘Removing the
autosampler from the spectrometer’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide).
5. Disconnect the furnace gas supplies.
6. Disconnect the cooling water supply.
7. Prepare the computer and other system components for transport as described
in their own guides.
8. Attach the original handles securely to the spectrometer. Only use the original
handles and screws.
Make sure that the handles are properly secure before you move the
spectrometer.

2-4 0993-5254
 Spectrometer Installation

Moving the spectrometer

W1.4
Warning: Risk of injury through lifting
The instrument weighs approximately 175 kg.
Improper lifting can cause painful and sometimes permanent back injury.
 Use proper lifting techniques and always use the handles to lift or move the
instrument.

Caution: Risk of damage to the instrument

The spectrometer is a precision optical instrument. Move the spectrometer very
carefully and protect it from vibrations and jolts. Do not tilt the spectrometer.
If the spectrometer must be tilted or mechanically lifted, contact your PerkinElmer
service representative before moving the spectrometer. The shipping locks must
be properly secured to prevent any damage occurring if the spectrometer is tilted
or jolted.

Carefully lift the spectrometer onto a movable table to transport it to the new
location.

0993-5254 2-5
Spectrometer Installation

Reinstalling the spectrometer

Reinstall the spectrometer by following exactly the procedures described in this
chapter, as summarized in the steps below:
1. Prepare the new site for the spectrometer; see Chapter 6, Laboratory
Requirements.
Make sure that there will be enough space at the rear and sides of the
spectrometer system for air to circulate freely.
2. Remove the handles. Save the handles and screws.
Insert the plastic plugs provided (B015-3803) into the screw holes.
3. Connect the furnace gas supplies.
4. Install the furnace autosampler.
5. Connect the cooling water supply.
6. Make sure that the main power switches of all the instruments are in the off
position, then connect the electrical cables.

2-6 0993-5254
 Spectrometer Installation

Connecting the furnace gases

The connectors for the furnace gases are located on the rear panel of the
spectrometer.
Note: The furnace will operate correctly only if there is gas pressure at both the
Normal Gas and Special Gas inlets. If you are using only an inert gas you must
connect the gas to both inlets using the Y-connector.

What you need to provide:

 A suitable supply of argon (or nitrogen) and if necessary a suitable supply of
a special gas. The gases must conform with the requirements listed in Chapter
6, Laboratory Requirements.
 Suitable pressure regulators and on/off valves near to the spectrometer for the
inert and special gas supplies.
 A tube cutter for the special gas tube. This is an optional accessory; Part No.
0992-3183.
Refer also to the information given under ‘Handling compressed gases’ starting
on page 1-12.

What is provided with the spectrometer:

 About 10 m of special gas tube, B050-8264.
 A Y-connector with automatic push-fit connectors, 0992-0179.
 Two screw connectors, R ¼'' for the gas regulator. These are not supplied with
all instrument versions.

0993-5254 2-7
Spectrometer Installation

Connecting argon (or nitrogen) only

1. Make sure that the argon (or nitrogen) supply is turned off.
2. Use the special tube cutter to cut two, 10 cm lengths of tube from the special
gas tube. The ends of the tubes must be cut squarely.
3. Connect the long gas tube to the argon (or nitrogen) pressure regulator. Use
the R ¼'' screw connector provided or use a connector or adapter suitable for
the gas regulator. Make sure that all the connections are secure.
4. Pass the gas tube to the rear of the spectrometer. Make sure that it cannot be
damaged or strained.
5. Push the two short tubes and the long tube into the connectors on the Y-
connector as shown on the following page.
6. Push the free ends of the two short gas tubes into the Normal Gas and Special
Gas connectors on the manifold as shown.
Push the tubes into the connectors until the tubes butt up to the end of the
connector.
Note: To disconnect the gas tube from a connector:
Carefully push the black locking ring of the connector into the connector and
pull the tube out of the connector.

2-8 0993-5254
 Spectrometer Installation

Instrument Communication
Fu rn ace G ases
Gaz du F our
Of engase

Pm ni Pm ax
230 V 230 V 230 V 350 400 kPa
50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 3.5 4.0 bar
Ar / N2 50.0 58.0 psig
Normal Gas Special Gas
Gaz Normal Gaz Spécial
F1 F2 F3 F4 Spezialgas
Normalgas
4 A(T) 4 A (T) 4 A(T) 4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

I
0

In Out
Entrée Sortie
Eingang Ausgang

H2 O P P War nin g LR 45111 ***

min max
SA

A ll fi el d w ri in g m us t ha ve ins ul a tio n
250 350 kPa LR 45111 *** s ui tab le f o ra t el a st 3 00 V
F urna ce Co olin g
SA
War ning
2.5 3.5 bar D i sc o nn e ct su p pl y b e fo re se r vi ci n g Ave rtiss ement
Ref roid issem en t d u F ou r 36 50 ps ig Avertiss emen t L e c ab l ag e à p ei d d'ou v re d oit êtr e
c er ti fié s p o ur u n m ni i mu m d e 3 0 0 V
C o u pe r 'l a il me n tati on a va nt l'e n tr e ti en
O fen kü hlu ng

Furnace Gases
Gaz du Four
Ofengase

P min Pmax

350 400 kPa

3.5 4.0 bar
50.0 58.0 psig
Ar / N2
Normal Gas Special Gas
Gaz Normal
Normalgas
Gaz Spécial
Spezialgas
Black locking ring

Black locking ring

Y-connector

Argon
(or nitrogen)

Figure 2-1. Connecting Argon (or Nitrogen) only

0993-5254 2-9
Spectrometer Installation

Connecting both argon and a special gas

1. Make sure that the gas supplies are turned off.
2. Use the special tube cutter to cut the special gas tube into two pieces for the
two gas supplies. The ends of the tubes must be cut squarely.
3. Connect the gas tubes to the argon (or nitrogen) and special gas pressure
regulators. Use the R ¼'' screw connectors provided or use a connector or
adapter suitable for the gas regulator. Make sure that all the connections are
secure.
4. Pass the gas tubes to the rear of the spectrometer. Make sure that they cannot
be damaged or strained.
5. Push the free ends of the gas supply tubes into the Normal Gas and Special
Gas connectors on the manifold as shown.
Push the tubes into the connectors until the tubes butt up to the end of the
connector.
Note: To disconnect the gas tube from a connector:
Carefully push the black locking ring of the connector into the connector and
pull the tube out of the connector.

2-10 0993-5254
 Spectrometer Installation

Instrument Communication
Fu rn ace G ases
Gaz du F our
Ofengase

Pmi n Pma x
230 V 230 V 230 V 350 400 kPa
50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 3.5 4.0 bar
Ar / N2 50.0 58.0 psig
Normal Gas Special Gas
Gaz Normal Gaz Spécial
F1 F2 F3 F4 Spezialgas
Normalgas
4 A(T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A(T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

I
0

In Out
Entrée Sortie
Eingang Ausgang

H 2O Pmin P max War ning SA LR 45111***

A l l f ield w ri i n g m us t ha ve i ns ula t oi n
250 350 kPa LR 45111 *** s uit ab l e fo r a t el a st 3 00 V
F ur na ce C o olin g
SA
War ning
2.5 3.5 bar D i sc o nn e ct su p pl y b e fo re se r vi ci n g Avertiss emen t
Ref roid issem en t d u F ou r 36 50 ps ig Avertiss emen t L e c ab lag e à p ei d d' ou v r e d oi t êt re
c ert if éi s p o ur u n m ni imu m d e 3 0 0 V
C o u pe r 'l a il me n tati on a va nt l'e n tr e ti en
O fen kü hlu ng

Furnace Gases
Gaz du Four
Ofengase

P min Pmax

350 400 kPa

3.5 4.0 bar
50.0 58.0 psig
Ar / N2
Normal Gas Special Gas
Gaz Normal
Normalgas
Gaz Spécial
Spezialgas
Black locking ring

Argon
(or nitrogen)

Special gas

Figure 2-2. Connecting Argon (or Nitrogen) and a Special Gas

0993-5254 2-11
Spectrometer Installation

Installing the furnace autosampler

Procedures for demounting and reinstalling the furnace autosampler are described
in ‘Installing the furnace autosampler’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide.

Connecting cooling sources

Installing the cooling system
PerkinElmer offers a recirculating cooling system as an option. It provides
coolant at a constant temperature and flow rate, to allow the most reproducible
analytical conditions. It also makes the system independent of external water
supplies and saves water (see ‘Cooling the furnace’ in the Graphite Furnace
User’s Guide). This cooling system includes a pressure-sensitive safety device
that opens a bypass if the internal pressure in the circulatory system increases to
above a safe value.

Connecting and disconnecting the water hoses

The inlet and outlet hoses are permanently attached to the cooling system. They
have automatic connectors which are marked with the direction of the water flow.
1. Place the cooling system in a convenient position on the floor underneath
the spectrometer. Do not place the cooling system on the same bench as the
spectrometer since vibrations can adversely influence the spectrometer.
Make sure that:
– You can reach the on/off switch at the rear.
– There is space at the rear and sides of the cooling system for air to
circulate freely.
– There is space to remove the stopper and fill the system.
– You can see the water level indicator.
2. Pass the two hoses from the cooling system to the rear of the spectrometer.
Make sure they are not strained.
3. Push the hose connectors onto the correct fittings on the spectrometer as
shown on the following page.
The connectors are spring loaded. Push them straight onto the fittings until
they click into place.
Note: To disconnect the water hoses:
Carefully pull the knurled locking ring down slightly, to release the lock, and
pull the connector off the fitting on the spectrometer.

2-12 0993-5254
 Spectrometer Installation

0.6 m

Cooling System
Locating the cooling system

I nstru me nt Co mmu n icatio n Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four
Ofengase
P min P max

Connecting the hoses

23 0 V 23 0 V 23 0 V 350 4 00 kPa
5 0/60 H z 5 0/60 H z 50/ 60 Hz 3.5 4 .0 b ar
Ar / N 2 50. 0 5 8.0 psig
No rm al Gas Sp ecial Gas
Gaz N orm al G az Spécial
F1 F2 F3 F4 Sp ezialg as
No rm algas
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

23 0 V
5 0/60 H z

C ool ing Syste m

S ystè me de Ref roid isse me nt
U m lau fküh lu ng

I
0

In Out
E ntré e Sortie
Einga ng A usgan g

H2O Pmin Pma x Warnin g SA LR 45111 ***

All field wirin g must ha ve i ns ulation
250 350 kPa LR 4 5111** * suit ab le fo r at leas t3 00 V
Furnace Cooling W arni ng SA

2.5 3.5 bar D isconne ct sup ply be fo re ser vic n

i g Ave rtissem ent
Refroidissement d u Four 36 50 psig Ave rti ss emen t Le cablag e à pie d d'ou vre do ti être
certifiés pou r un min imum de 300 V
C oup er l'alimen ta tio n avant 'l e nt e
r tien
Ofenkühlung

Water In Water Out

Figure 2-3. Connecting the Cooling System

0993-5254 2-13
Spectrometer Installation

Filling the cooling system

The cooling system is self-priming; air in the system is removed automatically as
the cooling system operates. The coolant is a 1:10 solution of glycerol in water
(1 part glycerol plus 9 parts water).
Note: The cooling system contains 0.5 L glycerol when it leaves the factory.
(See ‘Cooling system maintenance procedures’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s
Guide for the procedure to follow when you empty and refill the cooling system.
Do not use antifreeze.)

1. Remove the stopper from the top of the

cooling system – twist and pull.
2. Fill the system to the Max mark with
sediment-free drinking water – about
4.5 L.
Do not use deionized water since this can
cause corrosion. Max

3. Replace the stopper securely.

Min

Water level indicator

2-14 0993-5254
 Spectrometer Installation

Connecting external cooling sources

If you intend to run the spectrometer system without the PerkinElmer cooling
system, you must connect another suitable source of cooling, such as the main
water supply or a laboratory thermostat. If you connect the spectrometer system
to the main water supply, make sure that the water pressure is as given in Table
2-5.

Pressure
relief valve

0.6 m

Drain hose

Flow
indicator

Water In
Water Out

Figure 2-4. Connecting the Main Water Supply

A water hose kit with pressure relief valve is provided with the spectrometer
system which you must install in the water supply line to the spectrometer. This
valve opens if the water pressure to the furnace system exceeds 4 bar. This feature
eliminates the risk of damage to the furnace system through excess water
pressure.
The cooling water must conform with the requirements listed in ‘External
cooling’ on page 6-14.

0993-5254 2-15
Spectrometer Installation

Caution Water Pressure – Leaking hose fittings or burst water hoses

If the water inlet pressure is too high, hose fittings may leak or hoses may even
burst.
 For reliable and safe operation, you must install the pressure relief valve kit
B313-0124 in the water supply line.

The hoses provided in the kit are fitted with automatic connectors that incorporate
stop valves; these valves prevent water from running out when the hoses are dis-
connected. The hoses are marked with the direction of the water flow.
Table 2-5. Pressure for the Cooling Water Supply
Outlet Pressure
Pmin Pmax
250 350 kPa
2.5 3.5 bar
36 50 psig
 Check the water pressure to your laboratory and make sure that the water inlet
pressure is set to a value between the minimum value (Pmin ) and the
maximum value (Pmax ).
 Make sure that the outlet pressure is never set to a value exceeding the
maximum pressure (Pmax ).

1. The PerkinElmer service engineer will connect the pressure relief valve to the
water tap (faucet).
2. Make sure that the drain hose from the pressure relief valve hangs down into
a suitable laboratory sink or drain.
3. Connect the inlet hose (marked WATER IN) to the fitting at the bottom of the
pressure relief valve.
4. Connect the other end of the inlet hose to the Furnace Cooling fitting marked
In on the spectrometer.
The connectors are spring loaded. Push them straight onto the fittings until
they click into place.

2-16 0993-5254
 Spectrometer Installation

5. Connect the outlet hose (marked WATER OUT) to the Furnace Cooling
fitting marked Out on the spectrometer.
Note: To disconnect the water hoses:
Carefully pull the knurled locking ring down slightly, to release the lock, and
pull the connector off the fitting on the spectrometer.
6. We recommend that you fit a proprietary flow indicator in the outlet hose so
that you can easily monitor that cooling water is flowing.
7. Place the free end of the outlet hose in a suitable laboratory sink or drain.
Make sure that the hose cannot slip out.

I nstru me nt Co mmu n icatio n Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four
Ofengase
P min P max
23 0 V 23 0 V 23 0 V 350 4 00 kPa
5 0/60 H z 5 0/60 H z 50/ 60 Hz 3.5 4 .0 b ar
Ar / N 2 50. 0 5 8.0 psig
No rm al Gas Sp ecial Gas
Gaz N orm al G az Spécial
F1 F2 F3 F4 Sp ezialg as
No rm algas
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

23 0 V
5 0/60 H z

C ool ing Syste m

S ystè me de Ref roid isse me nt
U m lau fküh lu ng

I
0

In Out
E ntré e Sortie
Einga ng A usgan g

H2O Pmin Pma x Warnin g SA LR 45111 ***

All field wirin g must ha ve i ns ulation
250 350 kPa LR 4 5111** * suit ab le fo r at leas t3 00 V
Furnace Cooling W arni ng SA

2.5 3.5 bar D isconne ct sup ply be fo re ser vic n

i g Ave rtissem ent
Refroidissement d u Four 36 50 psig Ave rti ss emen t Le cablag e à pie d d'ou vre do ti être
certifiés pou r un min imum de 300 V
C oup er l'alimen ta tio n avant 'l e nt e
r tien
Ofenkühlung

Connect the ‘Water In’

hose to this fitting
Water In Water Out

Figure 2-6. Connecting Cooling Water Hoses

0993-5254 2-17
Spectrometer Installation

Electrical connections

Note: The electrical connectors and switches are described in Chapter 7,

Spectrometer: System Description starting at page 7-8.

W2.3
Warning: Electrical Hazard
 To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument, switch
OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the line power
supply before you perform the procedures described below.

Read the following instructions very carefully before connecting any cables.
See Chapter 6, Laboratory Requirements for the specification of the line power
supply.

Summary
1. Make sure that the spectrometer and the cooling system are switched off.
2. Switch the circuit breaker on the rear panel of the spectrometer to the off
position (marked ).
3. Switch off the computer and all other instruments that you will connect to the
spectrometer or computer. See the guides for the individual instruments for
the procedure to use.
4. Disconnect the line power cords of the spectrometer and all other instruments
from the line power supply.
5. Connect the instrument control cables and power cords as shown on the
following page.
6. When you have completed all connections, switch on the system (see
‘Switching on the system’, page 3-3).

2-18 0993-5254
 Spectrometer Installation

Connections panel
on the rear of the
spectrometer
Instrument Communication

230 V 230 V 230 V

50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 H z

F1 F2 F3 F4
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

Use these power

outlets only if the
230 V
50/60 Hz

computer and
Cooling System
Système de Refroidiss ement
Umlaufkühlung

printer require
I 230 V
0

Spectrometer
line power cord

Communication
cable

Monitor

Computer
Printer

Cooling
system

Connect to the outlets at the rear of the

spectrometer or to a suitable line power supply
that uses the same protective ground (earth) as Communication
the line power supply to the spectrometer interface

Figure 2-7. Electrical Connections

0993-5254 2-19
Spectrometer Installation

2-20 0993-5254
Preparing the System for Analyses 3
3Preparing the System for Analyses
Marker for header

Contents page

Switching on the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Installing lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Installing sample trays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Shutting down the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Emergency shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

0993-5254 3-1
Preparing the System

3-2 0993-5254
 Preparing the System

Switching on the system

1. Read the safety information at the front of this guide before you operate the
system.
2. Make sure that the spectrometer system and other ancillary instruments are
correctly installed and connected to their power supplies.
Make sure that the coolant hoses are connected correctly to the spectrometer.
Where applicable, make sure that the cooling system is filled to the Max
mark (see ‘Filling the cooling system’, page 2-14).
3. Switch on the fume ventilation system for the work area.
4. Turn on the inert (and special) gas for the furnace and adjust the outlet gauge
pressures to the recommended values (see Table 3-1 on page 3-5).
5. Turn on the cooling water to the system:
1. If you are using the circulatory cooling system, switch it on by pressing
the power switch located on the rear panel.
You can leave this switch permanently in the on position since power is supplied
by the spectrometer.
2. If you are using the main water supply, set a flowrate of approximately
2.5 L/min.
Note: If the water is too cold or flowing too fast, moisture may condense
on the graphite contacts or on the furnace windows. Moisture on the
graphite contacts leads to shorter lifetimes of the graphite tube and
contacts, while moisture on the windows leads to a reduction in the
radiant energy.
6. Switch the circuit breaker on the rear panel of the spectrometer to the on
position (marked ).
You can leave this switch permanently in the on position during routine operation;
you switch the spectrometer system on and off via the operational on/off switch
located on the front panel.
7. Switch on the computer.
If your computer has a power management system, switch this off.
8. Install a Lumina hollow cathode lamp in any holder in the lamp compartment
(procedure: page 3-6).
A hollow cathode lamp must be installed in at least one holder before you
switch on the spectrometer.

0993-5254 3-3
Preparing the System

9. Switch on the spectrometer system with the operational on/off switch located
on the front panel.
10. If you need the flow injection system, switch on the respective system.
11. If you have changed the configuration of the system, such as installed a
different autosampler or added or removed any accessories, use the
Reconfigure utility to reconfigure the software (see the Online Help in AA
WinLab).
12. Start AA WinLab: In the AA WinLab group, double click on the AA WinLab
icon.
13. Set up the various parts of the system:
1. Install any further lamps that you require for the analyses
(procedure: page 3-6).
2. Set up the graphite furnace system
(see ‘Setting up the system for analyses using the furnace technique’ in the
Graphite Furnace User’s Guide).
Procedures for shutting down the system are described on page 3-11.
In an emergency, you can shut down the system as described on page 3-12.

3-4 0993-5254
 Preparing the System

Table 3-1. Required Pressures for the Furnace Gases

Gas Outlet Gauge Pressure

kPa bar psig

Pmin Pmax Pmin Pmax Pmin Pmax

Argon 350 400 3.5 4.0 50.0 58.0

Nitrogen 350 400 3.5 4.0 50.0 58.0
Special 350 400 3.5 4.0 50.0 58.0

 Set the outlet gauge pressure for each gas to a value just below the maximum
value (Pmax ).
 Never set the outlet gauge pressure to a value exceeding the maximum
pressure (Pmax ).

W6.1
Warning: Toxic Gases
If you use nitrogen as the inert gas, toxic cyanogen gas (CN)2 will be produced
when the furnace temperature is above 2300 °C.
 Make sure that the main laboratory fume ventilation system removes all
gases and fumes emitted by the furnace.

0993-5254 3-5
Preparing the System

Installing lamps

Lamp compartment
The lamp compartment is located on the left-hand side of the spectrometer,
beneath a hinged cover. The compartment is easily accessible from the front when
the cover is open.

W3.1
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
The lamps may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
 Do not gaze into a lighted lamp.
 Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when looking at the radiation from
the lamps.

Lamp compartment cover

0.6 m

The spectrometer is designed to operate with PerkinElmer Lumina hollow

cathode lamps (HCLs) and coded electrodeless discharge lamps (EDLs).
The lamp compartment has holders for up to eight lamps.
You can install Lumina HCLs in all eight holders. The holders incorporate the
receptacles for connection of the Lumina lamps.
You can install EDLs in holders 1–4 only. The sockets for the power supplies to
the EDLs are located on the left-hand side of the lamp compartment.

3-6 0993-5254
 Preparing the System

3 5 7

2 4 6 8

Lamp holders numbered 1 through 8

Sockets for EDLs

Figure 3-2. Lamp Holders in the Lamp Compartment

Installing and connecting lamps

HCLs
Note: A hollow cathode lamp must be installed in at least one holder before you
switch on the spectrometer.
1. Open the lamp compartment cover by lifting it at the front and swinging it
back.
2. Slide the Lumina lamp for the required element into the selected lamp holder
and make sure that the integrated socket slides fully home over the receptacle
on the lamp holder.
3. Close the lamp compartment cover.

3 5 7
Lumina hollow cathode lamp

2 4 6 8

0993-5254 3-7
Preparing the System

EDLs
You must use the lamp holders numbered 1 through 4 for EDLs.
1. Open the lamp compartment cover by lifting it at the front and swinging it
back.
2. If necessary, assemble the lamp by sliding the lamp driver into the lamp
sleeve for the required element. Depress the locking pin as the sleeve slides
into place and make sure that the locking pin extends through the locating
hole in the sleeve.
Lamp sleeve

Lamp driver

Locking pin

Coding plug

3. Slide the lamp carefully into the selected lamp holder until it butts up against
the end-stop inside the holder.
4. Insert the coding plug over the receptacle on the lamp holder.
5. Insert the lamp connector into the correct EDL socket at the left-hand side of
the lamp compartment. Use the receptacle that has the same number as the
lamp holder.
6. Close the lamp compartment cover.

3 5 7

Coding plug

EDL socket
2 4 6 8

3-8 0993-5254
 Preparing the System

Removing lamps
Do not unplug and remove lamps while they are switched on.
1. On the Toolbar, click on Lamps. The Align Lamps window appears.
2. Make sure that the lamps you want to remove are switched off:
The On buttons must not be green. If necessary, click on the respective On
buttons.
3. Close the Align Lamps window.
4. Unplug and remove the lamps. For EDLs, remove the coding plugs as well.

Tips for installing lamps

 Use only PerkinElmer lamps. You can use both hollow cathode and
electrodeless discharge lamps.
 Do not touch the front window of the lamp; perspiration or other
contamination can reduce the intensity of the radiation.
 If you install more than one lamp containing a particular element, for
example, a single-element copper lamp and a multi-element lamp containing
copper, the system will use the lamp in the holder with the lower number
when you perform determinations of that element. Make sure that you place
the preferred lamp in the holder with the lower number.
 With EDLs, connect each lamp plug to the socket that has the same number
as the holder of the lamp.
 With EDLs, make sure that you use the correct coding plug and connect it to
the receptacle on the lamp holder containing the EDL.
 If you use the wrong coding plug or connect the coding plug to the wrong
receptacle, you will cause the spectrometer to malfunction and may cause
irreparable damage to the lamp.

0993-5254 3-9
Preparing the System

Installing sample trays

A sample tray can be inserted into one of three locations in front of the
spectrometer – on the left-hand side, in front of the atomizer compartment, and on
the right-hand side. You can leave a tray permanently installed on the left-hand
side if you wish. You cannot install a tray in front of the atomizer compartment
or on the right-hand side as long as the furnace autosampler is installed. When the
autosampler is swivelled to the standby position at the right, you can install a tray
in front of the atomizer compartment.
The sample trays are robust and can support an accessory, such as a flow injection
system.

To install the tray

1. Hold the tray with both hands and position it in front of the location into which
you wish to insert it.
2. Insert the tray support posts into the guides at the base of the instrument and
slide in the tray until it hits the stop. Then gently lift the front of the tray and
slide it finally into place. You can feel it lock into place.

To remove the tray

1. Gently lift the tray at the front and then pull it back to slide it out of the guides.

3-10 0993-5254
 Preparing the System

Shutting down the system

Note: In an emergency, switch off the spectrometer using the operational on/off
switch on the front panel.
See page 3-12 for the procedure to follow after an emergency shutdown.
You must shut down the atomizer correctly before you shut down the
spectrometer.

To shut down the furnace system

1. Flush the furnace autosampler rinsing system (see ‘Autosampler maintenance
procedures’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide for detailed information).
2. Shut down the furnace gases to the spectrometer at source.

To shut down the spectrometer

1. Exit AA WinLab:
In the File menu, click on Exit.
2. Switch off the spectrometer at the operational on/off switch on the front panel.
3. If you are using an external cooling water supply, shut down the cooling
water.
4. Switch off any accessories.
5. If you do not want to use the computer for other tasks, shut down the computer
and printer as described in their user’s guides.
6. Empty the furnace autosampler waste bottle.
Note: Dispose of hazardous or corrosive solutions properly and refer to your
local safety regulations for proper disposal procedures.

0993-5254 3-11
Preparing the System

Emergency shutdown

If a situation arises where you have to shut down the system quickly and you do
not have time to carry out the correct procedure, you can use the procedure
described below.
Note: This procedure is for use in an emergency only. Do not use it as a routine
shutdown procedure.
1. Switch off the spectrometer at the operational on/off switch on the front panel.
2. Shut down the gases to the spectrometer at source.
When you return to the spectrometer, proceed as follows to shut down the system
properly.
3. Switch on and set up the spectrometer system.
4. Heat the graphite furnace manually (see the ‘Graphite Furnace User’s Guide’
for detailed information).
5. Flush the furnace autosampler rinsing system (see ‘Autosampler maintenance
procedures’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide for detailed information).
6. Shut down the system a described in the preceding section.

3-12 0993-5254
Spectrometer:
System Maintenance 4
4Spectrometer: System Maintenance
Marker for header

Contents page

PerkinElmer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Maintenance checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Spectrometer maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Cleaning the windows of the optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Maintaining the electrical components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Changing the air filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Aligning the Furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Fume extraction unit maintenance procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Removing and refitting the fume extraction unit tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24

0993-5254 4-1
System Maintenance

4-2 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

PerkinElmer Service

W1.2
Warning: Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing
Only a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person
should be permitted to service the instrument.
 Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements, repairs, or modifications
to this instrument except as described in the documentation supplied with the
instrument.

If the spectrometer system does not function correctly…

 Switch off the spectrometer system and make sure that it cannot be operated.
 Contact your local PerkinElmer office.
You should only perform the maintenance procedures described in this guide.
For any other maintenance or service contact your local PerkinElmer office to
arrange for a service engineer to visit.
In particular you should only allow a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly
trained and authorized person to perform any work on:
 electrical components inside the instrument;
 the gas connections and gas system pneumatics;
 the monochromator and all other optical system components.
Before the service engineer arrives:
1. Make sure that the instrument and work area are clean.
2. Empty the furnace autosampler waste bottle.

Troubleshooting
See the Troubleshooting Guide supplied with the AA WinLab operating system.
This guide includes information on problems that can arise with both the software
and the spectrometer system.

0993-5254 4-3
System Maintenance

Maintenance checklists

Maintenance checklists for the spectrometer system are presented below. Maintenance checklists
for the graphite furnace, cooling system, and the furnace autosampler are presented in the
Graphite Furnace User’s Guide.

General preventative maintenance procedures

Instrument and work For safety reasons, and to avoid contaminating new samples, you should
area make sure that the instrument and the work area are always absolutely
clean.
This is especially important when you are working with toxic substances
and when you are measuring trace amounts of any elements.
Wipe up spills immediately before they can cause further contamination
or damage.
Before you leave the instrument standing idle for any period of time,
make sure that all the components are clean.
Fume ventilation Make sure that the laboratory fume ventilation system functions
correctly. Always switch it on when you are using the instrument.
Environmental Make sure that the environmental conditions are as described in Chapter
conditions 6, Laboratory Requirements.

Spectrometer, maintenance checklist

External surfaces Wipe over the surfaces with a lint-free cloth moistened with a dilute
solution of laboratory detergent.
The surfaces are resistant to dilute acids and alkalis, and to a lesser extent
to strong acids and alkalis and organic solvents.
Air filters Fit new filters yearly or more often in a dusty environment
(procedure: page 4-10 ).
Atomizer These windows do not normally require cleaning but if they become
compartment marked, e.g., with fingerprints, you can clean them (procedure:
windows, lamp end page 4-6).
windows

4-4 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

Fume extraction unit, maintenance checklist

If you analyze samples that have ‘dirty’ matrices, such as blood, sugar or oil, you will probably
have to clean the components more often than if you were analyzing ‘clean’ samples, such as
drinking water.
Clean all of the components before you leave the spectrometer standing idle for any length of
time.
Note: If obnoxious fumes are liberated from the furnace and they are not adequately trapped
by the fume extraction unit, use a suitable length of tubing to connect the fume vent tube to a
laboratory fume hood.
Separator trap Refill with clean deionized water before each batch of samples
(procedure: page 4-14).
Make sure that there is a constant stream of bubbles from the inlet tube
when the system is operating. Make sure that all of the connections are
tight and that the baffle is clean.
Filter cartridge Change the filter before each batch of samples (procedure: page 4-15).
Nozzle holder cavity Clean when necessary (procedure: page 4-16). How often you need to
do this depends on the type of samples being analyzed.
Graphite nozzle Clean or change when necessary (procedure: page 4-17). How often you
need to do this depends on the type of samples being analyzed.
Extraction pump Clean the pump when necessary (procedure: page 4-20). How often you
need to do this depends on the type of samples being analyzed.
Fume transfer tube Clean or change when necessary (procedure: page 4-22). How often you
need to do this depends on the type of samples being analyzed.

0993-5254 4-5
System Maintenance

Spectrometer maintenance procedures

Procedures described
 Cleaning the windows.
 Resetting the circuit breaker and changing the fuses.
 Changing the air filters.
 Aligning the furnace.
 Fume extraction unit maintenance procedures.

Cleaning the windows of the optical system

Caution Risk of damage to optical components

 Never touch or clean the surfaces of the grating or mirrors.
If mirror surfaces are scratched they must be resurfaced.
Do not allow cleaning fluids to come into contact with any of the reflecting
surfaces.

Most of the optical components are under the main cover of the spectrometer and
are protected by the black optics covers.
Usually these components require no maintenance, provided the laboratory fume
ventilation system is working correctly and the environmental conditions are as
described in Chapter 6, Laboratory Requirements.
The only optical parts that are exposed are:
 The atomizer compartment windows.
 The windows of the lamps.
 The furnace windows. Cleaning the furnace windows is described under
‘System Maintenance’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide.
The above windows are important parts of the whole optical system. Handle them
carefully, as you would any sensitive optical component. Do not directly touch the
windows.
If mirror surfaces need cleaning, this must be done by a PerkinElmer service
engineer or a similarly authorized and trained person who knows the special
techniques required.

4-6 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

To clean the windows:

This must be done only by a skilled person who knows the special techniques
required.
Note: The more you rub the surface of the windows, the more chance there is of
scratching them. You must change scratched windows.

W3.1
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
The lamps may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
 Do not gaze into a lighted lamp.
 Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when looking at the radiation from
the lamps.

1. Blow dust off optical surfaces with clean dry air before you attempt to clean
them. Do not rub the surfaces.
2. Clean the window surfaces with a soft lint-free cloth moistened with
spectroscopic grade alcohol. The window must dry quickly to avoid leaving
drying marks.
Keep the cleaning solutions and water away from other parts of the
instrument.

0993-5254 4-7
System Maintenance

Maintaining the electrical components

W2.3
Warning: Electrical Hazard
 To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument, switch
OFF all instruments in the system and disconnect them from the line power
supply before you perform the procedures described below.

Parts that may be serviced by the user

The only parts that you should attempt to maintain are those described below.
The electronic components in the instrument do not contain any parts which you
can maintain yourself. If there is a problem, contact your local PerkinElmer
office.
If any fuses blow frequently or if the automatic circuit breaker switch is activated
frequently, contact your local PerkinElmer office for advice.

Resetting the automatic circuit breaker

The spectrometer has an automatic circuit breaker which prevents the system
from drawing too much current.
When the circuit breaker is activated, the switch flips to the off position
(marked ). This can happen while an analysis is running.
To reset the switch, wait a few seconds then put the switch to the on position
(marked ).
If this switch is activated frequently, contact your local PerkinElmer office for
advice.

Changing the fuses

W2.9
Warning: Electrical Hazard
 Use only fuses with the correct current rating and of the specified type for
replacement.
 Do not use makeshift fuses and do not short-circuit the fuse holders.
1. Switch off the spectrometer and all other instruments in the system as
described in the relevant guides.
2. Switch the circuit breaker on the rear panel of the spectrometer to the off
position (marked ).

4-8 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

Instru me nt Co mm un icatio n
Furnace Gases
Gaz du Four
Ofengase
P min Pm ax
230 V 23 0 V 230 V 3 50 4 00 kP a
5 0/ 60 Hz 5 0/60 Hz 5 0/ 60 Hz 3 .5 4 .0 b ar
Ar / N 2 5 0. 0 5 8.0 psig
No rm al G as Sp eci al Gas
G az No rm al Gaz Sp écial
F1 F2 F3 F4
No rm alg as Sp ezi alg as
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

23 0 V
5 0/60 Hz

Cool ing Syst e m

S ystè me de Ref roidisse me nt
Um lau f kühlu ng

I
0

In O ut
Ent ré e S ortie
E ing a ng Ausg an g

H2 O Pm in Pm ax W arni ng SA LR4 5111 ** *

A ll field wir ni g mu st have i ns ulation
250 350 kPa LR 45111 ** *
Furnace Cooling
SA s uit ab le fo r a tlea st 30 0 V
Wa rni ng
2.5 3.5 bar Disc onne ct supply b efore ser vicin g Ave rti ssemen t
Refroidissement du Four 36 50 psig Ave rti ss ement L e cabla ge à p ied d 'ouv re do ti êtr e
c er tifiés po ur u n minimu m de 300 V
Coupe r l'alimen tatio n avan t l'entre tien
Ofenkühlung

Instrument Communication

230 V 230 V 230 V

50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz

F1 F2 F3 F4
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung

Fuses F1, F2, F3, F4

I
0

Automatic circuit breaker

3. Disconnect the spectrometer’s line power cord from the line power supply.
4. Disconnect all the line power cords from the sockets at the rear of the
spectrometer.
5. To change the fuses numbered F1, F2, F3, F4:
1. Insert the tip of a suitable screwdriver in the slot of the respective fuse
holder and unscrew the fuse holder.
2. Remove the blown fuse, then insert a new one of the correct type and
rating. The correct rating is shown on the label of the fuse on the rear
panel of the spectrometer.
3. Screw the fuse holder into the correct socket.
6. Reconnect the line power cords correctly.

0993-5254 4-9
System Maintenance

Changing the air filters

To make sure that the electrical components in the spectrometer are properly
cooled, the air filters must allow sufficient air into the instrument. Check the
filters regularly and change them if they are dirty.
You should not need to change the filters more than once every year if the
environmental conditions are as described under Chapter 6, Laboratory
Requirements.
Replacement filters are available; see Chapter 5, Parts and Supplies for the part
number.
1. Carefully pull off the snap-on plastic grid that holds the air filter in place.
2. Replace the filter and push the grid back into place.

Instrument Communication Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four
Ofengase
P min P max
230 V 230 V 230 V 350 400 kPa
50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 3.5 4.0 bar
Ar / N 2 50.0 58.0 psig
Normal Gas Special Gas
Gaz Norm al Gaz Spécial
F1 F2 F3 F4 Spezialgas
Normalgas
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Um laufkühlung

I
0

In Out
Entrée Sortie
Eingang Ausgang

H2O Pmin Pmax Warning SA LR 45111 ***

All field wiring must have i ns ulation
250 350 kPa LR 45111 *** s uit able for at leas t 300 V
Furnace Cooling
SA
Warning
2.5 3.5 bar D isc onnect s upply before servic ing Ave rtissement
Refroidissement du Four 36 50 psig Ave rtissement Le cablage à pied d'ouv re doit être
c ertif iés pour un minimum de 300 V
C ouper l'alimentation avant l'ent ret ien
Ofenkühlung

Air filters

4-10 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

Aligning the Furnace

The furnace is aligned at the factory and the service engineer checks the
alignment as part of the installation procedure.
Normally you should never need to align the furnace, but a situation might arise
where the furnace is shifted slightly in the radiation beam.
Before you align the furnace, for example because the energy transmitted through
the furnace is low, make sure that:
 The lamp is aligned correctly and operating at the recommended current
setting.
 The furnace windows are clean and screwed in correctly.
 There is nothing obstructing the radiation beam inside or outside the furnace.

To align the furnace

Refer to Figure 4-1 on the following page.
1. If required, insert a graphite tube and close the furnace.
2. Display the Align Lamps window:
On the Toolbar, click on Lamps.
3. Use the two alignment screws, shown in the illustrations on the following
page, to align the furnace to obtain the maximum reading in the Align Lamps
window.
You should find that the reading shows a wide maximum for a large part of
the adjustment range of the screws – especially the horizontal alignment.
Set the screws to the mid-point of the adjustment range that gives the
maximum reading.

0993-5254 4-11
System Maintenance

0.6 m

Front view Horizontal alignment screw;

hexagon socket head

Vertical alignment screw;

hexagon socket head

Top view

Figure 4-1. Furnace Alignment Screws

4-12 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

Fume extraction unit maintenance procedures

The fume extraction unit is offered as an option for the spectrometer system.

Procedures described
 Refilling and cleaning the separator trap (see page 4-14).
 Changing the filter cartridge (see page 4-15 ).
 Cleaning the cavity of the nozzle holder (see page 4-16).
 Removing and refitting the nozzle (see page 4-17).
 Aligning the nozzle (see page 4-18).
 Cleaning the extraction pump (see page 4-20).
 Removing, cleaning and refitting the fume transfer tube (see page 4-22).
Replacement parts for the fume extraction unit are listed in the chapter ‘Parts and
Supplies’.
Note: If obnoxious fumes are liberated from the furnace and they are not
adequately trapped by the fume extraction unit, use a suitable length of tubing to
connect the fume vent tube to a laboratory fume hood.

0993-5254 4-13
System Maintenance

Refilling and cleaning the separator trap

1. Carefully unscrew the base of the
separator trap.
Empty, and if necessary clean the
trap.

Base of
separator trap

2. Normally the perforated baffle is

kept clean by the turbulence in the
trap.
To remove the baffle, hold the inlet
tube securely and pull out the baffle.
Clean the baffle if necessary, then
push it back into the inlet tube.
Inlet tube

Baffle

3. Fill the trap with clean deionized

water up to the lower edge of the
mark molded into the side of the trap.
4. If the O-ring on the trap is damaged,
fit a new one.
Screw the base back onto the trap.
Make sure that the threads are Mark for
water level
properly engaged and that the trap is
sealed.

4-14 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

Changing the filter cartridge

1. Pull the filter holder out of the Filter
housing with a slight twisting holder
action.

2. Pull the filter cartridge out of the

holder.
Old
3. Push a new filter cartridge into the
holder. Make sure that the filter
cartridge butts up to the end of the
holder. Do not kink the filter
cartridge. New

4. If an O-ring on the filter holder is

damaged, fit a new one.

5. Push the filter holder into the

housing with a slight twisting Grip
action. Make sure that the grip of
the holder butts up to the housing.

Filter housing

0993-5254 4-15
System Maintenance

Cleaning the cavity of the nozzle holder

W4.3
Warning: High Temperatures – Risk of Burns
The graphite furnace can generate very high temperatures.
 Do not touch any parts of the furnace, especially the graphite components,
until they have cooled to room temperature.
1. Make sure that a furnace program is
not currently running and that the
Plug
furnace is cool.
Cavity
2. Grip the nozzle holder firmly with
one hand and pull out the plug from
the top of the nozzle holder with the Nozzle holder
other hand.
3. Clean the nozzle holder cavity with a
lint-free swab.
4. Clean the lower end of the plug.
If the O-ring is damaged, fit a new
one.
5. Grip the nozzle holder firmly with
one hand and push the plug back into
the nozzle holder with the other
hand.

4-16 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

Removing and refitting the nozzle

Note: The nozzle is a precision component made from graphite.
Handle it carefully and protect the tip of the nozzle from damage.
Do not grip it with any tool.

To remove the nozzle

1. Make sure that a furnace program is
not currently running and that the Nozzle holder
furnace is cool.
(1)
2. Grip the middle section of the nozzle
holder firmly with one hand and Nozzle
slightly unscrew the lower part of the
(2)
nozzle holder (1) with the other
hand.
3. Carefully pull and twist the nozzle
directly downward out of the holder
(2).

To clean the nozzle

1. Use a dilute solution of laboratory detergent, dilute acid, or deionized water
to clean the nozzle.
You can also use an ultrasonic bath.
2. Rinse the nozzle very thoroughly with deionized water.

0993-5254 4-17
System Maintenance

To refit the nozzle

New O-rings for the nozzle holder are available.
1. Grip the middle section of the nozzle
holder firmly with one hand and Nozzle holder
carefully push the nozzle into the
(2)
holder with the other hand. Keep the
nozzle in line with the holder (1). Nozzle
2. Grip the middle section of the nozzle
holder firmly with one hand and (1)
screw up the lower part of the nozzle
holder with the other hand until the
nozzle is held securely (2).

Aligning the nozzle

1. Using a socket wrench, slacken the
socket head screw in the top of the
extraction unit tower by ¼ to ½ of a
turn – no more – so that you can just Socket head screw
move the nozzle holder.
Note: Do not slacken the socket
head screw by more than ¼ to ½ of a
turn, otherwise it may disengage Nozzle holder
from the notch in the clamp. When
you then retighten the screw you may
damage the nozzle holder.

Extraction unit tower

4-18 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

2. Hold the socket wrench vertically

and carefully push the nozzle holder
down.

Guide the nozzle into the conical

hole in the rear graphite contact.
You may tilt the nozzle holder or
move it slightly toward or away from
the tower so that the nozzle enters the
conical hole.
3. When you have aligned the nozzle
correctly, tighten the socket head
screw without allowing the nozzle to
rise.
Note: Do not overtighten the socket
head screw, you may damage the
nozzle holder.
4. Allow the nozzle to rise slowly, then Rear graphite
contact
remove the socket wrench.

0993-5254 4-19
System Maintenance

Cleaning the extraction pump

Clean the extraction pump:
 After you have analyzed ‘dirty’ samples such as blood, sugar, or oil.
 Before you leave the instrument standing idle for a longer period of time.
1. Place the end of the fume vent Filter
tube into a suitable plastic bottle holder
(empty autosampler waste bottle
or the like).
2. Pull the filter holder out of the
housing with a slight twisting
action.

3. Push the rinsing funnel into the

housing with a slight twisting
action.
4. Fill the funnel with ethanol.
5. In AA WinLab, create a method
that uses the fume extraction unit:
In the Method Editor, on the Rinsing
Furnace Page: funnel
1. Create 2 steps each with Ramp
Time 60, Hold Time 60, and
Temperature 50.
2. Create 1 step with Ramp Time
1, Hold Time 1, Temperature
50, and Read selected.
3. Select Use Fume Extraction
Unit.

4-20 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

6. In the Furnace Control window, click on Furnace On/Off.

This starts the furnace program and the fume extraction pump.
1. Repeat this step as often as required until all of the ethanol has been
pumped through the extraction pump.
2. When all of the ethanol has been pumped through the extraction pump,
repeat this step to draw air through the extraction pump for about 4
minutes to dry the pump.
7. Pull the rinsing funnel out of the housing with a slight twisting action.
8. Push a new filter cartridge into the
holder. Make sure that the filter Old
cartridge butts up to the end of the
holder. Do not kink the filter
cartridge.
9. If the O-ring on the filter holder is New
damaged, fit a new one.

10. Push the filter holder into the

housing with a slight twisting Grip
action. Make sure that the grip of
the holder butts up to the housing.
11. Empty the bottle containing the
waste ethanol.
Filter housing

0993-5254 4-21
System Maintenance

Removing, cleaning and refitting the fume transfer tube

The fume transfer tube, which connects the nozzle to the separator trap, is the tube
that is most likely to need cleaning or replacement. The tube is made from special
inert FEP polymer. It becomes discolored during use. You can clean it as
described below, or discard it and fit a new tube.

To remove the tube

1. Carefully pull the tube off the connector on the tower of the fume extraction
unit.
2. Unscrew the knurled nut securing the transfer tube on the separator trap and
remove the nut from the tube.
3. Remove the tube carefully from the atomizer compartment.

To clean the tube

1. Clean the tube with a dilute solution of laboratory detergent, dilute acid,
ethanol, or deionized water.
2. Rinse the tube thoroughly with deionized water.
3. Inspect the tube carefully. If it shows signs of deterioration, discard it and fit
a new tube.

To refit the tube

1. Push the knurled nut onto one end of the cleaned or new tube.
Insert this end of the tube into the fitting on the separator trap and screw up
the knurled nut firmly.
2. Pass the tube into the atomizer compartment and around the back of the
graphite furnace to the tower of the fume extraction unit.
Make certain that the tube does not obstruct the radiation beam.
3. Carefully push the tube onto the connector on the tower of the fume extraction
unit.
Note: Make sure that the tube descends continuously from the tower of the fume
extraction unit to the separator trap without loops. This prevents liquid from
collecting in any bends and thus restricting the gas flow. See the illustration on
the following page.

4-22 0993-5254
 System Maintenance

Fumes Fumes

Correct Wrong

Fume extraction
unit tower

Fume
transfer
tube

Fume vent
tube

Figure 4-2. Fume Transfer Tube

0993-5254 4-23
System Maintenance

Removing and refitting the fume extraction unit tower

You must remove the fume extraction unit tower from the graphite furnace before
you change the graphite contacts.

To remove the fume extraction unit tower

1. Tilt the furnace to the maintenance
position (see procedure in the Securing screw
for the tower
Graphite Furnace User’s Guide).
2. Remove the screw securing the
tower to the rear contact housing.
Move the tower carefully to one side.
Be very careful not to damage the
delicate graphite nozzle.

To refit the fume extraction unit tower

1. Attach the base of the tower to the
rear contact housing using the screw
you removed in the step above.
Be very careful not to damage the
delicate graphite nozzle.
2. Tilt the furnace back into the atomizer compartment.
3. Check that the graphite nozzle is aligned correctly (see ‘Aligning the nozzle’,
page 4-18).

4-24 0993-5254
Parts and Supplies 5
5Parts and Supplies
Marker for header

Contents page

Parts provided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Obtaining supplies, accessories, and replacement parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

0993-5254 5-1
Parts and Supplies

5-2 0993-5254
 Parts and Supplies

Parts provided

PerkinElmer reserves the right to alter the schedule of parts provided without prior notice.

Qty. Item Part No.

1 AAnalyst 600 atomic absorption spectrometer

(version according to order)
1 Read cable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-1302
3 Special line cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B310-0003
1 pack Replacement air filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-2706
4 Plugs, for handle screw holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B015-3803
1 pack Replacement fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-1303
1 AS-800 furnace autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-1500
1 Swing-arm mount for autosampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-0923
Further parts provided with the furnace autosampler are
listed under ‘Parts and Supplies’ in the Graphite Furnace
User’s Guide.
1 Cooling system (option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B019-8072
1 Pressure relief valve kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B313-0124
10 m Special gas tube (FLEXO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-8264
1 Y-connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0992-0179
1 pack Graphite tubes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-0409
1 set Graphite contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B300-0410
1 pack Cleaning swabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-5368
1 Grips for graphite tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0990-7925
1 set Tools, for changing contacts and furnace windows . . . . B019-3347
1 Replacement O-ring, for front contact housing and
optical sensor in the rear contact housing. . . . . . . . . . . . B013-2870
1 Documentation package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B312-1328

0993-5254 5-3
Parts and Supplies

Obtaining supplies, accessories, and replacement parts

Supplies, replacement parts, and accessories can be ordered directly from

PerkinElmer, using the part numbers quoted in the guides provided with the
instrument.
e-ssentials
PerkinElmer Instruments on-line catalog, your single source for quality supplies
and accessories.
http://essentials.perkinelmer.com/

PerkinElmer’s catalog service offers a full selection of high-quality supplies.

To place an order for supplies and many replacement parts, request a free catalog,
or ask for information:
– If you are located within the U.S., call toll free 1-800-762-4002, 8 a.m. to
8 p.m. EST. Your order will be shipped promptly, usually within 24 hours.
– If you are located outside of the U.S., call your local PerkinElmer sales or
service office.

What is listed in this section

This section lists selected replacement parts for your spectrometer system. Not all
parts listed under Items provided are repeated in this section. Replacement parts
for the graphite furnace and the furnace autosampler are listed in the Graphite
Furnace User’s Guide. Information about other parts and accessories for the
spectrometer system is given in the current PerkinElmer brochures and price lists.

5-4 0993-5254
 Parts and Supplies

Fume extraction unit

Item Part No.

Filter cartridges, pack of 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-9065

Fume transfer tube, FEP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-3002
Nozzle, graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-6722
Rinsing funnel for cleaning the extraction pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-8836
O-ring, nozzle plug. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-3007
O-ring, nozzle holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-7230
O-ring, separator trap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-9057
O-ring, filter holder and rinsing funnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B050-9058

0993-5254 5-5
Parts and Supplies

5-6 0993-5254
Laboratory Requirements 6
6Laboratory Requirements
Marker for header

Contents page

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Space requirements for the spectrometer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Magnetic field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Electrical requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Gas supply requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11
Furnace gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Cooling the spectrometer system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Computer and printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

0993-5254 6-1
Laboratory Requirements

6-2 0993-5254
 Laboratory Requirements

Introduction

The AAnalyst 600 spectrometer has some special requirements that you must
consider when setting up the laboratory. The laboratory must fulfil these
requirements, described in this chapter, before you can operate the spectrometer
correctly.
Brochure no. L-301 – Preparing Your Laboratory for PerkinElmer Atomic
Spectroscopy Instruments – also contains useful information. This brochure is
available from PerkinElmer.

Operating conditions

W1.3
Warning: Explosive Atmosphere
This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosive atmosphere.

The instrument will operate correctly under the following conditions:

 Indoors.
 Ambient temperature +15 C to +35 C (+59 F to +95 F), with a maximum
change not exceeding 2.8 C (5 F) per hour.
 Ambient relative humidity 20% to 80%, without condensation.
 Altitude in the range 0 m to 2000 m (sea level to 6500 feet).
 The location must be free of dust, smoke, and corrosive fumes.
Note: When you remove the instrument from storage and before you put it into
operation, allow it to stand for at least a day under the approved operating
conditions.

0993-5254 6-3
Laboratory Requirements

Bench and location requirements

The location you choose for the spectrometer must fulfil the criteria listed below:
 Place the spectrometer on a sturdy bench or trolley (cart) capable of sustaining
the weight. The work surface must be level, flat, clean, dry, and free from
vibration. It should be strong and stiff enough to bear the weight of the
spectrometer system over a long period without warping or bending. A
movable table is very convenient, but make sure that the wheels can be
securely locked.
 Position the bench or trolley out of direct sunlight and away from radiators
and heaters.
 Position the system near to the electricity and gas supply points, and close to
a source of cooling water.
 Position the system so that the atomizer compartment is located beneath a
suitable fume ventilation system.
 Make sure that there is space at the rear and sides of the system for air to
circulate freely.
 Make sure that there is sufficient room for you to work comfortably with the
instruments, and that you can reach the connections at the rear of the
instruments and the electricity and gas supply points.

Fume ventilation
You must provide an efficient fume ventilation system to remove the fumes
generated by the atomizer.
The specification for a suitable system is described in brochure no. L-301 –
Preparing Your Laboratory for PerkinElmer Atomic Spectroscopy Instruments.
This brochure is available from PerkinElmer.

Warning: Toxic Gases – Fume Ventilation System

Without adequate ventilation, potentially toxic vapors can build up in the
laboratory.
 Your laboratory must have a reliable fume ventilation system before you use
this instrument.

6-4 0993-5254
 Laboratory Requirements

Space requirements for the spectrometer system

The illustrations on the following pages show the dimensions of the spectrometer
and the space that you require to accommodate the spectrometer, computer, and
ancillary equipment.

Computer and printer

Place the computer near to the spectrometer in a convenient position for working
with both instruments. A movable table, specially designed for a computer and
printer, may be most convenient.
The printer needs to be in a convenient place with enough room for the paper
supply to stand and feed smoothly into the printer.

Accessories
Make sure that there is sufficient room for any accessories near to the
spectrometer.
For example, we recommend that you place the (optional) FIAS flow injection
system on a movable table in front of the atomizer compartment to minimize the
length of the sample transfer tube. Make sure that the wheels of the table can be
securely locked.

0993-5254 6-5
Laboratory Requirements

Fume ventilation
Lamp compartment cover
in open position

approx. 350 mm
0.6 m
655 mm
565 mm

Cooling
system
375 mm

Figure 6-1. Space Requirements for the Spectrometer System (1)

6-6 0993-5254
 Laboratory Requirements

1095 mm
660 mm

Atomizer
260 mm

Sample tray
330 mm

Furnace
autosampler

Figure 6-2. Space Requirements for the Spectrometer System (2)

0993-5254 6-7
Laboratory Requirements

Magnetic field
Zeeman graphite furnace systems
The electromagnet generates a strong magnetic field inside the THGA furnace
during measurement cycles.
There is a weak, accessible, stray magnetic field around the graphite furnace. This
stray magnetic field can affect heart pacemakers and metallic implants up to
0.6 meter from the furnace in all directions. This stray field can also affect other
instruments, watches, and magnetic storage devices.
 Do not operate the furnace when persons wearing electronic heart
pacemakers, or having other metallic implants, are present.
 Anyone wearing a heart pacemaker or having metallic implants should remain
at least 0.6 meter away from the furnace – in any direction – while the furnace
is operating.

0.6 m

Strong Magnetic Field

Safety distance of 0.6 meter
(24 inches) radius around the
furnace magnet for persons
wearing heart pacemakers

6-8 0993-5254
 Laboratory Requirements

Strong Magnetic Field

Safety distance of 0.6 meter
(24 inches) radius around the
furnace magnet for persons
wearing heart pacemakers

0993-5254 6-9
Laboratory Requirements

Electrical requirements

The AAnalyst 600 spectrometer requires a stable electrical supply of 230 V,

50 Hz or 60 Hz, capable of delivering 32 A, that has a correctly wired protective
earthing system (ground connection).
The line power cable has a 3-pole connector (line + neutral + protective earth),
conforming to IEC 309-2, rated for 32 A. The cable is 3 meters long.
The line power supply should be free of line transients in excess of 50 V peak. If
the electrical supply voltage produces large AC line voltage fluctuations, a
qualified electrician should install a voltage regulator between the electrical outlet
and the instrument.
The power demand of the graphite furnace is approximately 5000 VA, the
maximum graphite tube temperature is 2600 C. Monitoring of the energy
required for each user-defined furnace program reliably prevents the line power
supply from being overloaded.
The line power supply point must be within 3 meters of the rear of the
spectrometer.
We recommend that you connect the spectrometer, computer, printer, and any
accessories to the same phase of the line power supply and the same protective
earth.
The line power supply must conform with local safety regulations and be checked
by a qualified electrician before you connect the instrument to line power.
See the guides for the computer and printer and any other instruments for
information about their power requirements.

6-10 0993-5254
 Laboratory Requirements

Gas supply requirements

The permanent installation of gas supplies is the responsibility of the user and
should conform to local safety and building regulations.
PerkinElmer recommends that cylinders be stored outside the laboratory and that
gases be piped to the spectrometer system in approved gas lines.
 The user must provide the gas supplies, regulators, connectors, and valves.
Either the gas supplier or PerkinElmer can supply the correct regulators and
valves.
 You must be able to reach the on/off valves easily and see the pressure
indicators.
 Consult Chapter 1, Safety and Regulatory Information for recommended
safety procedures.

Warning: Compressed Gases

High pressure gas cylinders can be dangerous if mishandled or misused.
 Always handle gas cylinders with caution and observe your local regulations
for the safe handling of gas cylinders.

0993-5254 6-11
Laboratory Requirements

Furnace gases
Inert gas
The graphite furnace requires a supply of inert gas to prevent the tube and the
analyte atoms from being oxidized when the tube is heated.
Argon is the recommended inert gas.
If you cannot obtain argon, you can use purified nitrogen, but nitrogen does not
provide such efficient protection as argon at temperatures above 2000 °C.
Nitrogen can also react with the samples and the graphite tube at typical
atomization temperatures.

W6.1
Warning: Toxic Gases
If you use nitrogen as the inert gas, toxic cyanogen gas (CN)2 will be produced
when the furnace temperature is above 2300 °C.
 Make sure that the main laboratory fume ventilation system removes all
gases and fumes emitted by the furnace.

Special gas
For some applications you may want to use a special gas. A typical example is the
use of air during one of the pyrolysis steps to better ash organic materials.

6-12 0993-5254
 Laboratory Requirements

Table 6-3. Specifications and Requirements of the Furnace Gases

Max.
Gas Purity Outlet Gauge Pressure
Flowrate

kPa bar psig L/min

Pmin Pmax Pmin Pmax Pmin Pmax

Argon 99.996% 350 400 3.5 4.0 50.0 58.0 1.2

Nitrogen 99.996% 350 400 3.5 4.0 50.0 58.0 1.2
Special particle free; 350 400 3.5 4.0 50.0 58.0 1.2
water free

 Set the outlet gauge pressure for each gas to a value just below the maximum
value (Pmax ).
 Never set the outlet pressure to a value exceeding the maximum pressure
(Pmax ).

0993-5254 6-13
Laboratory Requirements

Cooling the spectrometer system

The graphite furnace uses water cooling to allow the graphite tube to return to its
equilibrium temperature (approximately ambient) quickly between
measurements (see ‘Cooling the furnace’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s Guide).
Cooling coils are also incorporated in the spectrometer’s power supply to
maintain the electronic components at a comfortable working temperature.

Cooling system
PerkinElmer offers a recirculating cooling system as an option. It provides
coolant at a constant temperature and flow rate, to allow the most reproducible
analytical conditions. It also makes the system independent of external water
supplies and saves water (see ‘Cooling the furnace’ in the Graphite Furnace
User’s Guide). This cooling system includes a pressure-sensitive safety device
that opens a bypass if the internal pressure in the circulatory system increases to
above a safe value.
Power requirements: 230 V; 50/60 Hz (electrical power is supplied by the
spectrometer)
Part Number: B019-8072

External cooling
If you intend to run the spectrometer system without the PerkinElmer cooling
system, you must connect another suitable source of cooling, such as the main
water supply or a laboratory thermostat. If you connect the spectrometer system
to the main water supply, make sure that the water pressure is as given in Table
6-4.
Table 6-4. Requirements for the Cooling Water Supply

Water quality sediment-free drinking water

Temperature 20–40 °C
Flow rate not less than 2 L/min
Pressure 2.5–3.5 bar (36–50 psig)
pH 6.5–7.5
Hardness not greater than 14 °dH or 100 ppm

6-14 0993-5254
 Laboratory Requirements

Unfiltered industrial water should not be used.

A water hose kit with pressure relief valve is provided with the spectrometer
system which you must permanently install in the water supply line to the system.
This valve opens if the water pressure to the system exceeds 4 bar. This feature
eliminates the risk of damage to the water hoses and hose fittings in the system
through excess water pressure.
The water pressure to the system should be at least 2.5 bar (36 psig). If the
pressure is lower, the flow rate of water through the system is reduced and heat
will not be removed quickly enough.
The maximum water pressure to the system is 3.5 bar (50 psig); the pressure relief
valve opens automatically if the water inlet pressure exceeds 4 bar – the slightly
higher pressure of 4 bar allows for minor daily fluctuations in the pressure of the
main water supply.

0993-5254 6-15
Laboratory Requirements

Lamps

These are often called primary source lamps, atomic absorption source lamps,
spectroscopic lamps, or line sources.
You need to provide the lamps for your particular applications.
Brochure no. L-656 – Hollow Cathode Lamps and Electrodeless Discharge
Lamps for Atomic Absorption, contains descriptions of all the lamps that are
available.

Computer and printer

PerkinElmer offers a suitable computer for controlling the spectrometer and
graphite furnace, and a suitable printer. Contact your local PerkinElmer office for
more information.
PerkinElmer cannot accept responsibility for incorrect functioning of the
spectrometer system if you are not using the computer offered with the
spectrometer by PerkinElmer.

6-16 0993-5254
Spectrometer:
System Description 7
7Spectrometer: System Description
Marker for header

Contents page

The AAnalyst 600 Spectrometer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

The optical system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
Switches and connectors on the spectrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
The fume extraction unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15

0993-5254 7-1
Spectrometer System Description

7-2 0993-5254
 Spectrometer System Description

The AAnalyst 600 Spectrometer System

Concept
The AAnalyst 600 spectrometer from PerkinElmer is a high performance atomic
absorption spectrometer incorporating a graphite furnace for electrothermal
atomization. The spectrometer is capable of fully automatic single-element
analyses. The complete system is operated from the associated computer using the
AA WinLab software.

Features of the AAnalyst 600 System

 Transversely-heated graphite furnace (THGA) featuring full Stabilized
Temperature Platform Furnace (STPF) technology.
 Longitudinal Zeeman-effect background correction for electrothermal
atomization.
 High capacity furnace autosampler.
 Easy-to-use AA WinLab software with which you control the spectrometer
system. AA WinLab also incorporates a range of powerful quality control
functions.

System components
The AAnalyst 600 is a compact benchtop spectrometer. The major components of
the system are:
 The spectrometer, containing the optical system, the electronics, and the
atomizer compartment.
 The THGA graphite furnace (see ‘Furnace design’ in the Graphite Furnace
User’s Guide for more information).
 The furnace autosampler, mounted on a swing arm in front of the atomizer
compartment (see ‘Autosampler design’ in the Graphite Furnace User’s
Guide for more information).
 The (optional) furnace cooling system (see ‘Cooling the furnace’ in the
Graphite Furnace User’s Guide for more information).
 The (optional) fume extraction unit.
 The computer and the associated AA WinLab software.
 The printer; this is optional but strongly recommended.

0993-5254 7-3
Spectrometer System Description

System control
To control the spectrometer and perform your analyses, you use the AA WinLab
application program, which runs under the Microsoft Windows operating system.
The computer keyboard, the screen, and the mouse form the user interface.
When you switch on the spectrometer system it performs an initialization
procedure to check the instrument. While the spectrometer is operating, the
control system continually monitors many instrument functions. It generates
appropriate messages when a problem occurs and prevents potentially hazardous
situations from arising.
You can obtain more information about the application program in the AA
WinLab online help.

Accessories
PerkinElmer offers flow injection systems, and much more. Please contact your
local PerkinElmer office to obtain detailed information.

7-4 0993-5254
 Spectrometer System Description

The optical system

The AAnalyst 600 uses a single-path optical system. Front-surfaced, reflecting

optical components are used throughout. The mirror surfaces are coated with
silica for durability.
The inverse longitudinal Zeeman effect is used for background correction. This
system of background correction is described in the Graphite Furnace User’s
Guide. Although the spectrometer has a single-path optical system, it operates on
the double-beam principle due to the Zeeman effect.
The lamp compartment has positions for up to eight spectral sources. The
radiation from the requested source lamp is reflected by a movable mirror into the
optical path.
The Littrow-configuration monochromator has a large area reflecting grating
blazed at two wavelengths; 236 nm for operation in the UV spectral range and
597 nm for operation in the visible spectral range. The monochromator offers a
choice of three spectral slit widths. The detector is a segmented array of discrete
photodiodes.

Collimating Slits Detector

Movable mirror
mirror

Grating

Sample
Atomizer beam
Lamp holder
with positions for
up to 8 source
lamps

Figure 7-1. Optical System

0993-5254 7-5
Spectrometer System Description

Switches and connectors on the spectrometer

Operational on/off switches

0.6 m

Operational Accessory
on/off switch ports

Figure 7-2. Switches and Ports on the Front Panel

Spectrometer
You normally switch the system on and off with the operational on/off switch on
the front panel of the spectrometer.
Note: The spectrometer is provided with an operational on/off switch and with
a circuit breaker.
The operational on/off switch turns the instrument on and off, but it does not
disconnect the instrument from the line power supply.
The circuit breaker functions as a ‘disconnecting device’ and disconnects the
instrument entirely from the line power supply.

7-6 0993-5254
 Spectrometer System Description

Cooling system Cooling System

The (optional) cooling system requires a 230 V line
power supply, which is supplied and controlled from the
spectrometer. A special line power cord is provided for
this purpose. Do not connect the cooling system to an
external power source.
You can leave the on/off switch on the cooling system in
the ‘on’ position since the system is controlled from the
spectrometer.

On/off switch
Accessory ports
Three accessory ports are located on the front panel of the spectrometer behind
slide-up covers. You use these ports to connect certain accessories to the
spectrometer, such as the furnace autosampler. The ports provide the electrical
supply and control signals for operation of the accessories.

The rear panel of the spectrometer

Instrument Communication Furnace Gases

Gaz du Four
Ofengase
P min P max
230 V 230 V 230 V 350 400 kPa
50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 3.5 4.0 bar
Ar / N 2 50.0 58.0 psig
Normal Gas Special Gas
Gaz Norm al Gaz Spécial
F1 F2 F3 F4 Spezialgas
Normalgas
4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T) 4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Um laufkühlung

I
0

In Out
Entrée Sortie
Eingang Ausgang

H2O Pmin Pmax Warning SA LR 45111 ***

All field wiring must have i ns ulation
250 350 kPa LR 45111 *** s uit able for at leas t 300 V
Furnace Cooling
SA
Warning
2.5 3.5 bar D isc onnect s upply before servic ing Ave rtissement
Refroidissement du Four 36 50 psig Ave rtissement Le cablage à pied d'ouv re doit être
c ertif iés pour un minimum de 300 V
C ouper l'alimentation avant l'ent ret ien
Ofenkühlung

Cooling Electrical Gas

connectors connectors connectors

Figure 7-3. Rear Panel of the Spectrometer

0993-5254 7-7
Spectrometer System Description

Electrical connectors and controls on the rear panel

Instrument Communication

1
230 V 230 V 230 V
50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz

3 F1
4 A (T)
F2
4 A (T)
F3
4 A (T)
F4
4 A (T)

230 V
50/60 Hz

Cooling System
Système de Refroidissement
Umlaufkühlung 4 5 6
9 10 11 12

I
0

7 8

Figure 7-4. Electrical Connectors and Switches on the Rear Panel

Item Designation Function

1 Instrument Socket for a read cable to an external instrument to

activate a read cycle.
2 Communication Socket for the communication cable connecting the
spectrometer to the computer.
3 Cooling System Power outlet for the (optional) cooling system.
~230 V 50/60 Hz Connect the cooling system to this socket only.
Do not connect other equipment to this power outlet.
4 Power outlet for a printer.

~230 V 50/60 Hz

7-8 0993-5254
 Spectrometer System Description

Item Designation Function

5 Power outlet for a computer.

~230 V 50/60 Hz

6 Power outlet for a monitor.

~230 V 50/60 Hz

7 Circuit breaker. An automatic switch that prevents the

system from drawing too much current. It can also be
used to isolate the spectrometer system from the line
power supply.
8 ––– Captive line power cord for the complete system.
9 F1 Fuse for the cooling system power outlet; 4 A slow-
blow (T).
10 F2 Fuse for the printer power outlet; 4 A slow-blow (T).
11 F3 Fuse for the computer power outlet; 4 A slow-blow
(T).
12 F4 Fuse for the monitor power outlet; 4 A slow-blow (T).

0993-5254 7-9
Spectrometer System Description

The gas and cooling connectors

In Out
Cooling connectors Entrée Sortie
Eingang Ausgang

H2O Pmin Pmax

1 Furnace Cooling
250
2.5
350
3.5
kPa
bar 2
Refroidissement du Four 36 50 psig
Ofenkühlung

Furnace Gases
Gaz du Four
Ofengase

P min Pmax
Gas connectors
350 400 kPa
3.5 4.0 bar
50.0 58.0 psig
Ar / N2
Normal Gas Special Gas
Gaz Normal Gaz Spécial
Normalgas Spezialgas

3 4

Figure 7-5. Gas and Cooling Connectors on the Rear Panel

Item Designation Function

Furnace Cooling

1 In Fitting for connection of the cooling water inlet hose

to the spectrometer.
2 Out Fitting for connection of the cooling water outlet hose
from the spectrometer.
Furnace Gases

3 Ar/N2 Connector for the connection of the normal gas supply

Normal Gas to the furnace (argon or nitrogen).
4 Special Gas Connector for the connection of the special gas supply
to the furnace. If you are not using a special gas, you
must also connect the normal gas to this connector.

7-10 0993-5254
 Spectrometer System Description

The fume extraction unit

Principle

Fume extraction
unit tower

Fume
extraction
unit

Fume vent
tube

Figure 7-6. The (Optional) Fume Extraction Unit

The fume extraction unit is offered as an option for the spectrometer system.
During the thermal pretreatment steps of a furnace program, fumes can be
liberated that are often acidic or corrosive and may be toxic. The fume extraction
unit for the graphite furnace extracts these fumes immediately they are flushed out
of the graphite tube by the internal purge gas flow.
When the fume extraction unit is active, the extraction pump is switched on and
the nozzle is positioned directly above the sample injection hole in the graphite
contact. Any fumes leaving the graphite tube are extracted by the pump and pass
into the separator trap and filter unit.
When the fume extraction unit is idle, the extraction pump is switched off and the
nozzle is raised and slewed to the side, thus freeing the sample injection hole.

0993-5254 7-11
Spectrometer System Description

In the application program you select whether the fume extraction unit is active
during a furnace program or not. However, the fume extraction unit is only active
during program steps that apply temperatures of up to 1100 °C. In steps that apply
temperatures of above 1100 °C, five seconds before the start of the step the nozzle
is automatically slewed to the idle position and the extraction pump is switched
off. This feature is particularly important for the atomization step since it ensures
that:
 The inert gas atmosphere inside the graphite tube is stationary during the
atomization phase.
 No atomized sample is extracted from the tube or moved out of the radiation
beam.
 The graphite tube and the sample are in thermal equilibrium; this is an
important requirement of the STPF concept.

7-12 0993-5254
 Spectrometer System Description

Fume extraction unit tower

Pneumatic valve
Fume transfer controlling movement
tube of the graphite nozzle
Graphite nozzle

Air-bleed
valve

Fumes from the

graphite tube

Extraction
pump

Separator
trap
Filter
housing
Vent

Figure 7-7. Schematic of the Fume Extraction Unit

The fume extraction nozzle

The nozzle is moved into and out of the introduction hole in the graphite contact
by a pneumatic system that uses pressure from the furnace gas system. The nozzle
is a precisely engineered component made of graphite.

0993-5254 7-13
Spectrometer System Description

The separator trap

The trap contains deionized water to remove corrosive and possibly toxic
constituents from the fumes that are emitted from the graphite tube. A perforated
baffle in the inlet tube ensures that the fumes are efficiently dispersed throughout
the water in the trap. To maintain a constant extraction rate, the trap must contain
the correct volume of water.

The filter
The fumes pass through the filter after leaving the separator trap. The filter traps
large droplets and particles, thus preventing them from blocking or damaging the
extraction pump. The filter must be clean and dry to prevent excessive back
pressure that would reduce the extraction rate.

The extraction pump

The extraction pump draws the fumes from the graphite tube through the
separator trap and filter, and vents them to atmosphere. To make sure that no
pressure variations are caused in the graphite tube, the extraction rate of the pump
must be constant. The extraction rate depends on the flow resistance of the other
components in the fume extraction system, such as the volume of water in the
separator trap and the flow resistance of the filter cartridge. An air-bleed valve
adjusts the extraction rate; the rate is preset at the manufacturing site or by the
service engineer at installation and does not normally need to be altered. If the
fumes from the graphite tube contain gases that are not removed in the separator
trap, you must connect the outlet of the extraction pump directly to a suitable
ventilation system.
Since the fume extraction unit is not active in all steps of the furnace program, you
must always switch on the fume ventilation system for the work area.

7-14 0993-5254
 Spectrometer System Description

Technical data

Principle Atomic absorption spectrometer.

Computer controlled, using a special application program running under a
graphical user interface.
Single-path, all-reflecting optical system.
Front-surfaced optics protected by a silica coating.
AC modulated spectral line sources.
Monochromator Littrow configuration grating monochromator.
Grating:
ruled area: 64 mm x 72 mm, 1800 lines/mm
blaze wavelengths: 236 nm and 597 nm
Focal length: 267 mm
Slit widths: 0.2, 0.7 and 2.0 nm
Wavelength range: 190–870 nm
Reciprocal linear dispersion: 1.6 nm/mm (nominal)
Detector Segmented discrete solid-state detector with CMOS charge amplifier array;
software-controlled automatic gain control (AGC).
Lamps Line radiation sources. Positions for up to 8 lamps in lamp compartment.
Single- and multi-element hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) and up to 4
electrodeless discharge lamps (EDLs) can be used.
Background Inverse longitudinal Zeeman effect.
correction
Atomizer Electrothermal atomization: Transversely-heated graphite furnace
incorporating an electromagnet for longitudinal Zeeman-effect background
correction.
Signal handling Peak height, peak area.

Measurement ranges:
absorbance: –0.5 to 2.000
concentration: 0.00001 to 9999 concentration units
expansion factor: 0.01 to 100
read time: 1 to 60 s
read delay: 0 to 60 s

0993-5254 7-15
Spectrometer System Description

Calibration Automatic zeroing, resloping, and recalibration.

Calibration/recalibration using up to 15 calibration solutions (‘standards’).
Calibration coefficients determined by a least squares procedure.
Analytical curve technique:
Linear with zero or non-zero intercept.
Non-linear, 2-coefficient, or 3-coefficient, zero or non-zero intercept.
Analyte addition technique:
Zero or non-zero intercept.
Additions calibrate (zero intercept)
Application Special application program: AA WinLab.
program Online help function.
Hard disk or floppy storage of measurement data, signals, and completed
analytical methods.
Special Reporter, Reformatter, and Library Manager applications for
generating data reports and reformatting data for export to other data
handling programs.
Graphics High resolution display of the signals.
Simultaneous display of the corrected analyte signal and the background
signal.
Calibration curve display.
Storage and recall of transient absorbance signals.
Hard copy printout of screen graphics on an associated printer.
Power 230 V single-phase, 50/60 Hz, power consumption 5000 VA.
requirements
Electrical As defined in EN 61010-1-1993 (IEC 1010-1):
protection Insulation: Class I
Insulation category (overvoltage category): II
Pollution degree: 2

7-16 0993-5254
 Spectrometer System Description

Safety standards As defined in EN 61010-1-1993 (IEC 1010-1: 1990 + A1 + A2) and

EN 61010-2-061:1996.
CSA standards: CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 1010.1-92, Amendment 1 (1992),
2 (1995), and CAN/CSA 61010-2-061 (1995).
UL standards: UL 3101-1 1993 and UL 3111-1 1994.
Compliant to the requirements of Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
and Underwriters Laboratory (UL) as listed in File No. LR 45111.
Certificate of Approval and GS mark from the LGA Bavaria, FRG, Institute
of Equipment Safety Testing and Certification, and CSA-NRTL/C mark
from CSA, Canada, File No. LR 45111.
EMC standards As defined in EN 61326-1:1997.
Environmental Ambient temperature: +15 °C to +35 °C
requirements 20–80% relative humidity; non-condensing
Dimensions Width: 1095 mm with handles: 1220 mm
Height: 655 mm with door open: 865 mm
Depth: 700 mm with handles: 770 mm
with autosampler: 1040 mm
Mass 175 kg
(weight) Spectrometer alone, not including the computer, autosampler, and cooling
system.

0993-5254 7-17
Spectrometer System Description

7-18 0993-5254
Translations of Warnings 8
8Translations of Warnings
Marker for header

Contents page

Translations of Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Symbols used on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32

0993-5254 8-1
Translations of Warnings

8-2 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

Translations of Warnings

This section contains translations of the safety conventions and warnings used in this guide.

dansk Oversættelser af advarsler

Denne del indeholder oversættelserne af de advarsler, som er indeholdt i denne håndbog.
Deutsch Übersetzungen der Warnungen
Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Übersetzungen der in diesem Handbuch verwendeten
Warnungen.
español Traducciones de las advertencias
Esta sección contiene traducciones de las advertencias utilizadas en el presente manual.
italiano Traduzione dei simboli di avvertenza
La presente sezione contiene la traduzione dei simboli di avvertenza utilizzati nel
presente manuale.
Nederlands Vertalingen van de Waarschuwingen
Dit gedeelte bevat vertalingen van de waarschuwingen gebruikt in dit handboek.
português Traduções de avisos
Esta secção contém traduções dos avisos usados no manual.
suomea Varoitusten käännökset
Tämä osa sisältää tässä käsikirjassa käytettyjen varoitusten käännökset.
svenska Översättning av varningstexter
Detta avsnitt innehåller översättningar av de varningstexter som används i handboken.

0993-5254 8-3
Translations of Warnings

This symbol alerts you to situations that could result in personal injury to yourself or other
persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på situationer, som kan medføre kvæstelser af Dem
selv eller andre personer.
Detaljer vedrørende disse omstændigheder er indrammet på tilsvarende måde som
denne henvisning.

Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Situationen, in denen Sie oder andere Personen verletzt werden
können.
Einzelheiten darüber sind in einem Rahmen wie diesem angegeben.

español Este símbolo le advierte de situaciones que pueden provocar lesiones corporales a
usted o a otras personas.
En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de circunstancias.

français Ce symbole vous signale des situations pouvant occasionner des dommages corporels
à l'utilisateur ou à d'autres personnes.
Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.

italiano Questo simbolo segnala situazioni che possono generare incidenti a voi stessi o ad
altre persone.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.

Nederlands Dit symbool maakt U attent op situaties die tot verwondingen voor Uzelf of anderen
kunnen leiden.
Bijzonderheden over deze omstandigheden staan in een kader zoals dit.

português Este símbolo alerta para situações que poderão causar um ferimento ao usuário.
Detalhes referentes a estas circunstâncias encontram-se referidos numa caixa como
esta.

suomea Tämä symboli haluaa kiinnittää huomiotasi tilanteisiin, joiden seurauksena voi olla itsesi
tai muiden henkilöiden loukkaantuminen.
Yksityiskohtaisia tietoja tällaisista tapauksista on tämäntapaisessa ruudussa.

svenska Denna symbol används för situationer där det finns risk för personskador om användaren
inte följer anvisningarna.
Detaljerad information ges i en ruta som denna.

8-4 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

This symbol alerts you to the risk of electric shock that could result in personal injury to
yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på risikoen for elektrisk stød, som kan medføre
kvæstelser af Dem selv eller andre personer.
Detaljer vedrørende disse omstændigheder er indrammet på tilsvarende måde som
denne henvisning.

Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Gefahr durch elektrischen Stromschlag, durch den Sie oder
andere Personen verletzt werden können.
Einzelheiten darüber sind in einem Rahmen wie diesem angegeben.

español Este símbolo le advierte del peligro de descarga eléctrica que puede provocar lesiones
corporales a usted o a otras personas. En los recuadros como éste se proporciona
información sobre este tipo de circunstancias.

français Ce symbole vous avertit d'un risque d'électrocution pouvant occasionner des
dommages corporels à l'utilisateur ou à d'autres personnes.
Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.

italiano Questo simbolo vi mette in guardia da folgorazione che può causare incidenti a voi
stessi o ad altre persone.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.

Nederlands Dit symbool maakt U attent op het risico van electrische schokken die tot verwondingen
voor Uzelf of anderen kan leiden.
Bijzonderheden over deze omstandigheden staan in een kader zoals dit.

português Este símbolo alerta para um risco de um choque eléctrico que poderá causar um
ferimento ao usuário.
Detalhes referentes a estas circunstâncias encontram-se referidos numa caixa como
esta.

suomea Tämä symboli haluaa kiinnittää huomiotasi sähköiskun vaaraan , jonka

seurauksena voi olla itsesi tai muiden henkilöiden loukkaantuminen.
Yksityiskohtaisia tietoja tällaisista tapauksista on tämäntapaisessa ruudussa.

svenska Denna symbol används för situationer där det finns risk för elektriska stötar som kan ge
personskador om användaren inte följer anvisningarna.
Detaljerad information ges i en ruta som denna.

0993-5254 8-5
Translations of Warnings

This symbol alerts you to the risk of hot surfaces that could cause personal injury to
yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på risikoen for varme overflader, som kan medføre
kvæstelser af Dem selv eller andre personer.
Detaljer vedrørende disse omstændigheder er indrammet på tilsvarende måde som
denne henvisning.

Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Gefahr durch heiße Oberflächen, durch die Sie oder andere
Personen verletzt werden können.
Einzelheiten darüber sind in einem Rahmen wie diesem angegeben.

español Este símbolo le advierte del peligro de que las superficies candentes provoquen
quemaduras a usted o a otras personas.
En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de circunstancias.

français Ce symbole vous avertit d'un risque de surfaces chaudes pouvant occasionner des
dommages corporels à l'utilisateur ou à d'autres personnes.
Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.

italiano Questo simbolo vi mette in guardia da superfici molto calde che possono causare
incidenti a voi stessi o ad altre persone.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.

Nederlands Dit symbool maakt U attent op het risico van hete oppervlaktes dat tot verwondingen
voor Uzelf of anderen kunnen leiden.
Bijzonderheden over deze omstandigheden staan in een kader zoals dit.

português Este símbolo alerta para um risco de superfícies quentes que poderão causar um
ferimento ao usuário.
Detalhes referentes a estas circunstâncias encontram-se referidos numa caixa como
esta.

suomea Tämä symboli haluaa kiinnittää huomiotasi kuumiin pintoihin, joiden seurauksena voi
olla itsesi tai muiden henkilöiden loukkaantuminen.
Yksityiskohtaisia tietoja tällaisista tapauksista on tämäntapaisessa ruudussa.

svenska Denna symbol används för situationer där det finns risk för varma ytor som kan ge
personskador om användaren inte följer anvisningarna.
Detaljerad information ges i en ruta som denna.

8-6 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

This symbol alerts you to the risk of ultraviolet radiation that could cause eye damage
to yourself or other persons.
Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one.

dansk Dette symbol gør Dem opmærksom på risikoen for ultraviolet stråling, som kan medføre
ødelæggelse af øjnene for Dem selv eller andre personer.
Detaljer vedrørende disse omstændigheder er indrammet på tilsvarende måde som
denne henvisning.

Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Gefahr durch UV-Strahlung, die bei Ihnen oder anderen
Personen zu Augenverletzungen führen können.
Einzelheiten darüber sind in einem Rahmen wie diesem angegeben.

español Este símbolo le advierte del peligro de que usted u otras personas sufran lesiones en los
ojos a consecuencia de la radiación ultravioleta.
En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de circunstancias.

français Ce symbole vous avertit d'un risque de rayonnement ultraviolet pouvant occasionner
des lésions oculaires à l'utilisateur ou à d'autres personnes.
Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.

italiano Questo simbolo vi mette in guardia da radiazione ultravioletta che può causare lesioni
agli occhi a voi stessi o ad altre persone.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.

Nederlands Dit symbool maakt U attent op het risico van ultraviolette straling dat tot verwondingen
voor Uzelf of anderen kan leiden.
Bijzonderheden over deze omstandigheden staan in een kader zoals dit.

português Este símbolo alerta para um risco de radiação ultravioleta que poderá causar
ferimentos aos olhos do usuário.
Detalhes referentes a estas circunstâncias encontram-se referidos numa caixa como
esta.

suomea Tämä symboli haluaa kiinnittää huomiotasi ultraviolettisäteilyn vaaraan, jonka

seurauksena voi olla silmävammat itsellesi tai muille henkilöille.
Yksityiskohtaisia tietoja tällaisista tapauksista on tämäntapaisessa ruudussa.

svenska Denna symbol används för situationer där det finns risk för ultraviolett strålning som kan
ge ögonskador om användaren inte följer anvisningarna.
Detaljerad information ges i en ruta som denna.

0993-5254 8-7
Translations of Warnings

Caution:
The term CAUTION alerts you to situations that could result in serious damage to the
instrument or other equipment.
Details about these circumstances are described in a message similar to this one.

dansk Bemærk:
Angivelsen CAUTION (BEMÆRK) gør Dem opmærksom på situationer, som kan medføre
alvorlig ødelæggelse af apparatet eller andet udstyr.
Detaljer vedrørende disse omstændigheder er beskrevet i henvisninger svarende til
denne.

Deutsch Achtung:
Der Ausdruck CAUTION (ACHTUNG) warnt vor Situationen, die eine ernste
Beschädigung des Geräts oder anderer Systemteile zur Folge haben können.
Einzelheiten darüber sind auf die gleiche Weise wie dieser Text hervorgehoben.

español Advertencia:
El término CAUTION (ADVERTENCIA) le previene de situacones que pueden provocar
averías graves en éste u otros equipos.
En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de circunstancias.

français Attention:
Le terme CAUTION (ATTENTION) vous signale des situations susceptibles de provoquer
de graves détériorations de l'instrument ou d'autre matériel.
Les détails sur ces circonstances figurent dans un message semblable à celui-ci.

8-8 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Caution (continued)
italiano Attenzione:
Con il termine CAUTION (ATTENZIONE) vi si mette in guardia da situazioni che possono
comportare il serio danneggiamento della strumentazione o di altre apparecchiature.
Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un riquadro come questo.

Nederlands Let op:

De term CAUTION (LET OP) maakt U attent op situaties die tot ernstige beschadigingen
aan het instrument of andere apparaten kunnen leiden.
Bijzonderheden over deze omstandigheden worden beschreven in een mededeling gelijk
aan.

português Atenção:
O termo CAUTION (ATENÇÃO) alerta para situações que poderão causar danificação
do aparelho.
Detalhes referentes a estas circunstâncias encontram-se referidos numa caixa como
esta.

suomea Huomio:
CAUTION (HUOMIO) haluaa kiinnittää huomiotasi tilanteisiin, joiden seurauksena voi olla
laitteen tai muiden varusteiden vakava vaurioituminen.
Tällaiset tapaukset selostetaan yksityiskohtaisesti tämäntapaisessa huomautuksessa.

svenska Observera:
Termen CAUTION (OBSERVERA) skall göra användaren uppmärksam på att apparaten
eller annan utrustning kan ta allvarlig skada om anvisningarna inte följs. Detaljerad
information ges i en ruta som denna.

0993-5254 8-9
Translations of Warnings

W1.2
Warning: Unauthorized Adjustments and Servicing
Only a PerkinElmer service engineer or similarly trained and authorized person should be
permitted to service the instrument.
• Do not attempt to make adjustments, replacements, repairs, or modifications to this
instrument except as described in the documentation supplied with the instrument.

dansk Advarsel: Ikke-tilladte indstillinger og arbejder på apparatet

Vedligeholdelse af apparatet er kun tilladt for PerkinElmer kundeservice-ingeniøren eller
tilsvarende uddannede og autoriserede personer.
• Prøv ikke på at foretage indstillinger, udskiftninger, reparationer eller ændringer af
apparatet, som ikke er beskrevet i den dokumentation, der er vedlagt apparatet.

Deutsch Warnung: Unzulässige Arbeiten am Gerät

Wartungs- oder Reparaturarbeiten oder Justierungen, die in der Benutzerdokumentation
zum Gerät nicht beschrieben sind, dürfen nur vom PerkinElmer Kundendienst oder von
entsprechend ausgebildeten und autorisierten Fachkräften ausgeführt werden.

español Advertencia: Ajustes y servicios sin autorización

Tan sólo un ingeniero de Servicio Técnico de PerkinElmer o una persona de formación y
autorización similares podrán realizar trabajos de revisión y mantenimiento del
instrumento.
• No intente realizar ningún tipo de ajuste, sustitución o reparación en este aparato, a
excepción de lo descrito en la Documentación del Usuario que se adjunta.

français Danger: Réglages et entretien non autorisés

Seul un ingénieur du service après vente PerkinElmer ou une personne autorisée et de
même formation sont autorisées à intervenir sur l'instrument.
• Ne pas essayer d'effectuer des réglages, des remplacements, des réparations ou des
modifications sur cet instrument d'une manière autre que celle décrite dans la
documentation fournie avec l'instrument.

8-10 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W1.2

italiano Pericolo: Regolazioni e manutenzione non autorizzati

L'asservimento dello strumento è permesso esclusivamente ad un tecnico di assistenza
della PerkinElmer oppure da simile persona addestrata e autorizzata.
• Non provare ad eseguire regolazioni, sostituzioni, riparazioni o modifiche a questo
strumento se non come descritto nella documentazione allegata allo strumento.

Nederlands Waarschuwing: Ongeautoriseerde aanpassingen en service

Alleen een PerkinElmer service-monteur of een gelijksoortig opgeleid en geautoriseerd
persoon mag service verlenen aan het instrument.
• Probeer niet zelf aanpassingen aan dit instrument aan te brengen, het te repareren of
te veranderen behalve zoals beschreven in de documentatie die bij het instrument
geleverd is.

português Aviso: Trabalhos não permitidos no aparelho

Trabalhos de manutenção apenas podem ser executados pelo Serviço Técnico da
PerkinElmer ou por pessoal especializado devidamente formado e autorizado.
• Não tente realizar ajustamentos, substituições, reparações ou modificações neste
aparelho que não estejam descritos na documentação fornecida com o aparelho.

suomea Varo: Luvattomat säätö - ja huoltotyöt

Laitteen huoltotyöt saa antaa vain PerkinElmer -huoltoteknikoiden tai vastaavasti
koulutettujen ja valtuutettujen henkilöiden tehtäväksi.
• Älä tee muita säätö-, vaihto-, korjaus- tai muutostöitä tässä laitteessa kuin sellaisia,
jotka on selostettu laitteen mukana toimitetussa dokumentaatiossa.

svenska Varning: Icke tillåtna arbeten på apparaten

Endast servicepersonal från PerkinElmer eller personal med liknande utbildning och
behörighet får utföra servicearbeten på apparaten.
• Underhålls- eller reparationsarbeten, justeringar eller ändringar som inte finns
beskrivna i användarmanualen till apparaten får inte utföras.

0993-5254 8-11
Translations of Warnings

8-12 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

W1.3
Warning: Explosive Atmosphere
This instrument is not designed for operation in an explosive atmosphere.

dansk Advarsel: Eksplosive omgivelser

Dette apparat er ikke konstrueret til brug i eksplosive omgivelser.

Deutsch Warnung: Explosionsfähige Atmosphären

Das Gerät darf nicht in explosionsfähigen Atmosphären betrieben werden.

español Advertencia: Atmósfera explosiva

Este aparato no está diseñado para utilizarlo en atmósferas explosivas.

français Danger: Atmosphère explosive

Cet instrument n'est pas conçu pour fonctionner dans une atmosphère explosive.

italiano Pericolo: Atmosfera esplosiva

Questo strumento non è concepito per operare in atmosfera esplosiva.

Nederlands Waarschuwing: Explosiegevaarlijke omgevingen

Dit instrument mag niet in een explosiegevaarlijke omgeving gebruikt worden.

português Aviso: Atmosferas explodíveis

O aparelho não pode ser utilizado em atmosferas explodíveis.

suomea Varo: Räjähdysvaarallinen ympäristö

Tätä laitetta ei saa käyttää räjähdysvaarallisessa ympäristössä.

svenska Varning: Explosiv atmosfär

Apparaten är inte avsedd att användas i explosionsfarliga miljöer.

0993-5254 8-13
Translations of Warnings

W1.4
Warning: Risk of injury through lifting
The instrument weighs approximately 175 kg.
Improper lifting can cause painful and sometimes permanent back injury.
• Use proper lifting techniques to lift or move the instrument.
dansk Advarsel: Risiko for kvæstelser ved at løfte
Apparatet vejer omtrent 175 kg.
Hvis det løftes forkert, kan det forårsage smertefulde og til tider permanente rygskader.
• Benyt korrekte løfteanordninger til at løfte eller flytte apparatet.
Deutsch Warnung: Verletzungsgefahr durch Heben einer schweren Last
Das Gerät hat eine Masse von ca. 175 kg.
Falsches Anheben kann schmerzhafte und unter Umständen bleibende Rückenschäden
zur Folge haben.
• Wenden Sie zum Anheben oder Bewegen des Geräts nur geeignete Techniken an.
español Advertencia: Peligro de lesiones por alzamiento
El aparato pesa 175 kg aproximadamente.
Si lo alza de manera indebida puede sufrir usted lesiones dolorosas y en ciertos casos
permanentes en la espalda.
• Aplique técnicas apropiadas para alzar o mover el aparato.
français Danger: Risque de blessure lors de la manutention
L'instrument pèse environ 175 kg.
Une manipulation incorrecte peut entraîner des douleurs au dos risquant de perdurer.
• Utiliser des techniques de levage appropriées pour lever ou déplacer l'instrument.


8-14 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W1.4

italiano Pericolo: Rischio di infortunio in caso di sollevamento

Lo strumento pesa all'incirca 175 kg.
Se sollevato senza le dovute precauzioni è possibile che si causino dolorosi e permanenti
infortuni alla schiena.
• Muovere o sollevare lo strumento utilizzando le oopportune tecniche di sollevamento e
di spostamento.

Nederlands Waarschuwing: Kans op letsel door optillen

Het instrument weegt ongeveery 175 kg.
Op een onjuiste manier tillen kan tot pijnlijk en soms permanent rugletsel leiden.
• Til of verzet het instrument op de juiste manier.
português Aviso: Risco de ferimento ao levantar o aparelho
O aparelho pesa aprox. 175 kg.
O seu levantamento incorrecto poderá causar ferimentos dolorosos e por vezes
permanentes nas costas.
• Use meios de levantamento adequados para levantar ou movimentar o aparelho.
suomea Varo: Loukkaantumisvaara laitetta nostettaessa
Laite painaa noin 175 kg.
Epäasianmukaisesta nostamisesta voi olla seurauksena kivuliaat ja mahdollisesti pysyvät
selkävammat.
• Käytä asianmukaista nostotekniikkaa laitteen nostamisessa ja siirtämisessä.
svenska Varning: Risk för personskada vid lyft
Apparaten väger ca 175 kg.
Felaktiga lyft kan ge svåra och ibland bestående ryggskador.
• Använd rätt lyftteknik när apparaten skall lyftas eller flyttas.

0993-5254 8-15
Translations of Warnings

W2.1
Warning: Electrical Hazard
Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the instrument or
disconnection of the protective conductor (earth/ground) terminal is likely to make the
instrument dangerous.
Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Lethal voltages are present in the instrument
– Even with the power switch off, line power voltages can still be present within the
instrument.
– When the instrument is connected to line power, terminals may be live, and opening
covers or removing parts (except those to which access can be gained without use of
a tool) is likely to expose live parts.
– Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if the instrument has been
disconnected from all voltage sources.

dansk Advarsel: Fare på grund af elektricitet

Enhver afbrydelse af beskyttelseslederen inde i eller udenpå apparatet eller fjernelse af
beskyttelseslederen (jord/stel) kan gøre apparatet farligt.
Bevidst afbrydelse er forbudt.
Der er livsfarlige spændinger i apparatet
– Selv når hovedafbryderen er slået fra, kan der stadig være
netstrømsspændinger inde i apparatet.
– Når apparatet er tilsluttet til strømnettet, kan enhederne være spændingsførende;
hvis man åbner afskærmninger eller fjerner dele (bortset fra de dele, man kan komme
frem til uden brug af værktøj), kan spændingsførende dele blive blottet.
– Selv når apparatet er slukket, og strømforbindelsen er afbrudt,
kan kondensatorerne i apparatet være ladet med farlig spænding.

Deutsch Warnung: Gefährdung durch Elektrizität

Das Gerät muß zum Betrieb immer geerdet sein. Auf keinen Fall die Schutzleiter im Gerät
oder in der Netzzuleitung trennen oder entfernen.
Gefährliche Spannung im Gerät
– Auch in ausgeschaltetem Zustand kann an einigen Stellen im Gerät Netzspannung
anliegen, wenn das Gerät am Stromnetz angeschlossen ist.
– Auch bei ausgeschaltetem Gerät und getrennter Netzverbindung können
Kondensatoren im Gerät noch mit gefährlicher Spannung geladen sein.

8-16 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W2.1

español Advertencia: Peligro eléctrico

Cualquier interrupción del conductor de protección dentro o fuera del aparato, o la
desconexión del terminal del mismo (toma de tierra) pueden ocasionar serios peligros al
manejar el equipo.
Prohibida la interrupción intencionada.
En el aparato existen voltajes letales
– Incluso con el interruptor desconectado puede haber voltaje dentro del equipo.
– Cuando el aparato se encuentre conectado a la red eléctrica, los terminales pueden
estar bajo corriente y éstos quedar expuestos al abrir las cubiertas o al extraer
componentes (exceptuando aquellos a los cuales se puede acceder con la mano).
– Los condensadores internos del aparato pueden permanecer cargados incluso
cuando el aparato haya sido desconectado del voltaje de línea.

français Danger: Risque d'électrocution

Toute interruption du conducteur de protection à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de l'instrument
ou déconnexion du raccord du conducteur de protection (terre) peut rendre l'instrument
dangereux.
Il est interdit d'interrompre volontairement ce conducteur.
Tensions résiduelles mortelles dans l'instrument
– Même lorsque l'interrupteur est sur arrêt, des tension résiduelles peuvent encore être
présentes dans l'instrument.
– Lorsque l'instrument est relié au secteur, les raccords peuvent être sous tension, et
des parties sous tension peuvent être découvertes en ouvrant des capots ou en
retirant des pièces (à l'exception de celles auxquelles il est possible d'accéder
manuellement).
– Les condensateurs contenus dans l'instrument peuvent encore être chargés, même
si l'instrument a été déconnecté de toutes sources de tension.

italiano Pericolo: Rischio di folgorazione

Qualsiasi interruzione del conduttore di protezione all'interno o all'esterno dello strumento
o il suo scollegamento (terra) può rendere pericoloso lo strumento. Qualsiasi interruzione
intenzionale è proibita.
All'interno dellos trumento sono presenti tensioni mortali
– Anche se l'interruttore principale è spento è possibile che all'interno dello strumento
siano presenti tensioni simili a quelle di rete.
– Quando lo strumento è collegato alla rete elettrica è possibile che i terminali siano
lucidi e scoperti; aprendo i coperchi protettivi o staccando dei componenti (fatta
eccezione per quelli a cui è possibile accedere senza l'uso di utensili) è possibile
esporre parti lucide.
– Anche dopo che lo strumento è stato scollegato da qualsiasi sorgente di tensione è
possibile che i condensatori all'interno dello strumento siano carichi.

0993-5254 8-17
Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W2.1

Nederlands Waarschuwing: Risico’s door electriciteit

Het instrument moet voor de werking altijd geaard zijn. In geen geval mag de aarding van
het instrument of de netvoeding worden onderbroken of worden verwijderd.
Er zijn dodelijke voltages in het instrument aanwezig
– Ook in uitgeschakelde toestand kan, wanneer het instrument op de netvoeding is
aangesloten, op sommige plaatsen in het instrument netspanning staan.
– Als het instrument aan lijnvoeding is aangesloten, kan er nog steeds op sommige
aansluitpunten netspanning staan, en door het openen van deksels of het verwijderen
van onderdelen (behalve die waartoe men toegang heeft zonder gereedschap te
gebruiken) kunnen onderdelen die onder spanning staan tevoorschijn komen.
– Ook bij uitgeschakeld instrument en in een onderbroken netvoeding kunnen
condensatoren in het instrument nog een gevaarlijke lading bevatten.

português Aviso: Perigo por electricidade

Qualquer interrupção dos condutores de protecção à terra no interior ou exterior do
aparelho ou o desligamento do condutor de protecção à terra
(terra/massa) tornará o aparelho perigoso.
Qualquer interrupção deliberada é proibida.
Tensão perigosa no aparelho
– Mesmo desligado, o aparelho poderá ainda ter tensão de rede em alguns pontos
enquanto estiver ligado à rede de corrente.
– Enquanto o aparelho estiver ligado à alimentação de corrente os terminais podem
estar sob corrente, e o abrir de coberturas ou o retirar de peças (excepto aquelas às
quais se pode ter acesso sem ter de usar ferramenta) poderá expor peças sob
corrente.
– Mesmo com o aparelho desligado e a ligação à rede de corrente interrompida, os
condensadores dentro do aparelho ainda poderão ter uma tensão perigosa aplicada.

8-18 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W2.1

suomea Varo: Vaarana sähkö

Jos suojajohdin keskeytetään laitteen sisä- tai ulkopuolella tai
suojajohtimen liitin (maadoitus) irrotetaan, laitteesta tulee vaarallinen.
Suojajohtimen tahallinen keskeytys on kielletty.
Laitteessa on hengenvaarallista jännitettä.
– Vaikka pääkytkin olisikin kytketty pois päältä, laitteessa voi olla vielä
paikoittain varautunutta verkkovirtajännitettä.
– Verkkovirtaan liitetyn laitteen liittimissä voi olla jännitettä. Jos suojakannet avataan tai
osia poistetaan, tällöin voidaan joutua kosketukseen jännitettä johtavien osien kanssa
(poikkeuksena osat, joihin pääsee käsiksi ilman työkaluja).
– Laitteen sisässä olevat kondensaattorit voivat olla vielä varautuneita,
vaikka laite olisikin kytketty irti kaikista jännitelähteistä.

svenska Varning: Fara p g a elektricitet

Apparaten skall alltid vara jordad.
Man får inte under några omständigheter bryta eller avlägsna jordledaren i apparaten eller
strömkretsen.
Livsfarlig spänning i apparaten
– Även när apparaten är avstängd kan nätspänning förekomma inuti apparaten.
– När apparaten är ansluten till elnätet kan uttagen i apparaten vara spänningsförande.
Om man öppnar höljen eller tar bort delar (förutom de som är åtkomliga utan verktyg)
kan spänningsförande delar bli åtkomliga.
– Även när apparaten är avstängd och skild från elnätet kan kondensatorerna i
apparaten vara laddade med farlig spänning.

0993-5254 8-19
Translations of Warnings

W2.3
Warning: Electrical Hazard
 To prevent potential injury to yourself and damage to the instrument, switch OFF all
instruments in the system and disconnect them from the line power supply before you
perform the procedures described below.
dansk Advarsel: Fare på grund af elektricitet
 For at undgå faren for kvæstelser for Dem selv og faren for beskadigelse af apparatet,
skal alle apparater i systemet være SLUKKET, og strømforbindelsen skal være skilt,
inden De udfører de arbejder, som er beskrevet nedenfor.
Deutsch Warnung: Gefährdung durch Elektrizität
 Um Verletzungsgefahr durch elektrische Spannung und Beschädigungsgefahr der
Geräte zu vermeiden, schalten Sie alle Geräte des Meßplatzes AUS und trennen Sie
die Netzverbindungen, bevor Sie irgendwelche elektrischen Verbindungen herstellen
oder ändern.
español Advertencia: Peligro eléctrico
 Para evitar posibles daños personales y al equipo, apague todos los módulos del
sistema y desconéctelos de la toma de corriente antes de ejecutar las operaciones
descritas más abajo.
français Danger: Risque d'électrocution
 Afin d'éviter des blessures éventuelles et des détériorations de l'instrument, mettre
tous les instruments du système hors tension et les déconnecter de l'alimentation
secteur avant d'exécuter les procédures décrites ci-après.

8-20 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W2.3

italiano Pericolo: Rischio di folgorazione

 Prima di procedere alle operazioni descritte sotto , per prevenire lesioni personali o
danni allo strumento, spegnete tutti gli strumenti all'interno del sistema e scollegateli
dall'alimentazione elettrica.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Risico’s door electriciteit
 Om gevaar voor letsel aan Uzelf en beschadiging aan het instrument te voorkomen,
schakelt U voordat U de handelingen verricht die hieronder zijn beschreven, alle
instrumenten UIT en ontkoppelt U de netvoeding.
português Aviso: Perigo por electricidade
 A fim de evitar o perigo de ferimento por tensão eléctrica e o perigo de danificação dos
aparelhos, DESLIGUE todos os aparelhos do sistema e interrompa as ligações à rede
antes de realizar os trabalhos seguidamente referidos.
suomea Varo: Vaarana sähkö
 Jotta loukkaantumisilta ja laitevaurioilta vältytään, kytke kaikki järjestelmän laitteet
POIS PÄÄLTÄ ja erota ne verkkovirrasta, ennen kuin suoritat jäljempänä selostettuja
toimenpiteitä.
svenska Varning: Fara p g a elektricitet
 För att undvika eventuella personskador och skador på apparaten skall samtliga
apparater stängas AV och skiljas från elnätet innan du utför något av nedanstående
arbeten.

0993-5254 8-21
Translations of Warnings

W2.9
Warning: Electrical Hazard
 Use only fuses with the correct current rating and of the specified type for replacement.
 Do not use makeshift fuses and do not short-circuit the fuse holders.

dansk Advarsel: Fare på grund af elektricitet

 Sikringerne må kun udskiftes med sikringer med den korrekte spændingsstyrke og af
den angivne type.
 Benyt ikke nødsikringer, og undlad at kortslutte sikringsholderne.
Deutsch Warnung: Gefährdung durch elektrischen Strom
 Verwenden Sie nur Sicherungen des gleichen Typs und mit der angegebenen
Belastbarkeit.
 Verwenden Sie keine Behelfssicherung und schließen Sie nicht den Sicherungshalter
kurz.
español Advertencia: Peligro eléctrico
 Utilice únicamente fusibles con el amperaje correcto y con el tipo especificado para su
reemplazo.
 No use fusibles improvisados ni cortocircuite los portafusibles.
français Danger: Risque d'électrocution
 N'utiliser pour le remplacement que des fusibles d'ampérage correct et de type
spécifié.
 Ne pas utiliser de fusibles provisoires et ne pas court-circuiter les porte-fusibles.
italiano Pericolo: Rischio di folgorazione
 Se necessario sostituirli, utilizzare esclusivamente fusibili di corretto tipo e valore.
 Non utilizzare fusibili di fattura artigianale e non cortocircuitare i tienifusibili.

8-22 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W2.9

Nederlands Waarschuwing: Risico’s door electriciteit

 Gebruik ter vervanging alleen zekeringen met het juiste stroombereik en van het
aangegeven soort.
 Gebruik geen noodzekeringen en sluit de zekeringhouders niet kort.
português Aviso: Perigo por electricidade
 Ao substituí-los, use apenas fusíveis com a amperagem correcta e do tipo
especificado.
 Não use fusíveis provisórios e não curto-circuite os porta-fusíveis.
suomea Varo: Vaarana sähkö
 Käytä vaihtosulakkeina vain sulakkeita, jotka on mitoitettu oikealle virran
voimakkuudelle ja joiden tyyppi on ohjeiden mukainen.
 Älä käytä apusulakkeita äläkä oikosulje sulakealustoja.
svenska Varning: Fara p g a elektricitet
 Använd endast rätt typ av säkringar med korrekt strömvärde vid byte.
 Använd inte provisoriska säkringar och kortslut inte säkringshållaren.

0993-5254 8-23
Translations of Warnings

W3.1
Warning: UV Radiation – Risk of Eye Damage
The lamps may emit UV radiation which can damage your eyes.
 Do not gaze into a lighted lamp.
 Always wear UV-absorbing safety glasses when looking at the radiation from the
lamps.
dansk Advarsel: Ultraviolet stråling – farligt for øjnene
Lamperne kan emittere ultraviolet stråling, som kan forårsage øjenskader.
 Se ikke direkte ind i en tændt lampe.
 Bær altid beskyttelsesbriller, som absorberer ultraviolet stråling, når De ser ind i den
den lysende strålingskilde.
Deutsch Warnung: UV-Strahlung – Gefährdung der Augen
Die Lampen emittieren UV-Strahlung in unterschiedlicher Stärke und können dadurch
Augenschäden verursachen.
 Nicht mit ungeschützten Augen direkt in die leuchtenden Lampen schauen.
 Tragen Sie eine Schutzbrille, die die emittierte UV-Strahlung ausreichend absorbiert,
wenn Sie in die leuchtende Lampe schauen.
español Advertencia: Radiación ultravioleta – Peligro de daños a los ojos
Las lámparas pueden emitir una intensa radiación ultravioleta que puede ser perjudicial
para los ojos.
 No dirija la vista a una lámpara encendida.
 Use siempre gafas de seguridad que absorban este tipo de rayos.
français Danger: Rayonnement UV
Les lampes peuvent émettre des UV susceptibles de provoquer des lésions oculaires.
 Ne pas regarder fixement une lampe allumée.
 Toujours porter des lunettes de protection absorbant les UV pour regarder le
rayonnement des lampes.

8-24 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W3.1

italiano Pericolo: Radiazioni UV – Rischio di lesioni agli occhi

Le lampade possono emettere radiazioni UV che possono lesionare gli occhi.
 Non guardare direttamente in una lampada accesa.
 Se guardate una lampada accesa indossate sempre occhiali di sicurezza in grado di
assorbire le radiazioni UV.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Ultraviolette straling – Risico’s voor de ogen
De lampen kunnen UV-straling uitzenden die Uw ogen kan beschadigen.
 Staar niet in een brandende lamp.
 Draag altijd een veiligheidsbril die ultraviolette straling absorbeert wanneer U in de
brandende stralingsbron moet kijken.
português Aviso: Radiação UV – perigo para os olhos
As lâmpadas emitem uma radiação UV com intensidades diferentes podendo assim
provocar ferimentos aos olhos.
 Não olhar directamente para uma lâmpada acesa.
 Use sempre óculos de protecção que absorvam suficientemente a radiação UV
emitida ao olhar directamente para a fonte de radiação luminosa.
suomea Varo: UV-säteily – silmävammojen vaara
Lamput saattavat lähettää UV-säteilyä, joka voi vahingoittaa silmiä.
 Älä tuijota valaistuun lamppuun.
 Käytä aina UV-säteilyltä suojaavia suojasilmälaseja, kun katsot lampuista lähtevää
säteilyä kohti.
svenska Varning: UV-strålning – risk för ögonskador
Strålningskällorna/lamporna alstrar UV-strålning som kan ge ögonskador.
 Titta inte in i en tänd strålningskälla/lampa.
 Använd alltid skyddsglasögon som absorberar UV-strålar när du tittar in i en tänd
strålningskälla/lampa.

0993-5254 8-25
Translations of Warnings

8-26 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

W4.3
Warning: High Temperatures – Risk of Burns
The graphite furnace can generate very high temperatures.
 Do not touch any parts of the furnace, especially the graphite components, until they
have cooled to room temperature.
dansk Advarsel: Høje temperaturer – Fare for forbrændinger
Grafitovnen kan udvikle meget høje temperaturer.
 Berør aldrig nogen af ovnens dele, især ikke grafitdelene, før de er kølet ned til
stuetemperatur.
Deutsch Warnung: Verbrennungsgefahr
 Vergewissern Sie sich, daß der Ofen auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt ist, bevor Sie Ihn
anfassen oder öffnen.
español Advertencia: Altas temperaturas – Riesgo de quemaduras
El horno de grafito puede alcanzar temperaturas muy altas.
 Asegúrese, antes de tocar cualquier parte del horno, sobre todo sus componentes de
grafito, de que éste se haya enfriado hasta alcanzar la temperatura ambiente.
français Danger: Températures élevées – Risque de brûlures
Le four en graphite peut générer de très hautes températures.
 Ne toucher aucun des éléments du four, en particulier les composants en graphite,
avant qu'ils n'aient refroidi à la température ambiante.
italiano Pericolo: Alte temperature – Rischio di ustioni
Il forno a grafite può generare temperature estremamente elevate.
 Non toccare nessun componente del forno, soprattutto i componenti in grafite, sino a
che essi non si sono raffreddati sino a raggiungere temperatura ambiente.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Hoge temperaturen – Verbrandingsgevaar
De grafietoven kan zeer hoge tenperaturen bereiken.
 De oven en in het bijzonder de grafietonderdelen pas aanraken als ze tot
kamertemperatuur afgekoeld zijn.
português Aviso: Altas temperaturas – perigo de queimaduras
O forno de grafite pode alcançar temperaturas muito elevadas.
 Não toque em nenhuma peça do forno, especialmente nos componentes de grafite,
até terem alcançado a temperatura ambiente.
suomea Varo: Korkeat lämpötilat – palovammavaara
Grafiittiuuni voi kehittää erittäin korkeita lämpötiloja.
 Älä kosketa mitään uunin osia, tämä koskee erityisesti grafiittikomponentteja, ennen
kuin ne ovat jäähtyneet huoneenlämpötilaan.
svenska Varning: Höga temperaturer – risk för brännskador
Grafitugnen kan nå mycket höga temperaturer.
 Vidrör inte ugnen och framför allt inte grafitdelarna förrän de svalnat till
rumstemperatur.

0993-5254 8-27
Translations of Warnings

W6.1
Warning: Toxic Gases
If you use nitrogen as the inert gas, toxic cyanogen gas (CN)2 will be produced when the
furnace temperature is above 2300 °C.
 Make sure that the main laboratory fume ventilation system removes all gases and
fumes emitted by the furnace.
dansk Advarsel: Giftig forbrændingsgas
Ved anvendelse af kvælstof som inertgas dannes der giftig dicyan (CN)2 ved
ovntemperaturer over 2300 °C.
 Forvis Dem om, at hoved-udsugningsanlægget udsuger de forbrændingsgasser, som
emitteres af ovnen.
Deutsch Warnung: Giftiges Abgas
Bei Verwendung von Stickstoff als Inertgas bildet sich bei Ofentemperaturen über
2300 °C giftiges Dicyan (CN)2.
 Es muß sichergestellt sein, daß die aus dem Graphitofen austretenden Abgase von
der Haupt-Absauganlage sicher abgesaugt werdenΚ
español Advertencia: Gases tóxicos
Si se utiliza nitrógeno puro como gas inerte, al aumentar la temperatura del horno por
encima de 2300 °C se producirá gas cianógeno (CN)2, que es tóxico.
 Cerciórese de que el sistema principal de extracción de humos elimine todos los gases
y humos emitidos por el horno.
français Danger: Gaz toxiques
Si de l'azote est utilisé comme gaz inerte, du gaz cyanogène (CN)2 toxique se forme
lorsque la température du four dépasse 2300 °C.
 Vérifier que le système principal d'extraction des fumées élimine tous les gaz et
fumées émis par le four.

8-28 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W6.1

italiano Pericolo: Gas tossici

Se usate l'azoto quale gas inerte allora, quando il forno raggiunge temperature al di sopra
di 2300 °C, si formerà del gas cianogeno tossico (CN)2.
 Assicuratevi che l'impianto principale di estrazione fumi del laboratorio elimini tutti i gas
e le esalazioni emesse dal forno.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Giftig afvoergas
Bij gebruik van stikstof als inertiegas wordt bij een oventemperatuur van meer dan
2300 °C het giftige dycyaan (CN)2 gevormd.
 Zorg ervoor dat alle gassen en dampen die uit de grafietoven komen, door de
hoofdafzuiging worden afgezogen.
português Aviso: Gás de escape venenoso
Ao utilizar nitrogénio como gás inerte a uma temperatura de forno superior a 2300 °C,
forma-se cianeto (CN)2 venenoso.
 Assegure-se de que os gases de escape que saem do forno são seguramente
aspirados pelo sistema exaustor principal.
suomea Varo: Myrkylliset kaasut
Jos käytät inerttikaasuna typpeä, syntyy myrkyllistä syaanikaasua (CN)2 , jos uunin
lämpötila on yli 2300 °C.
 Varmistu siitä, että laboratorion savunpoistojärjestelmä poistaa kaikki uunista lähtevät
kaasut ja savukaasut.
svenska Varning: Giftiga gaser
Om kväve används som inert gas bildas en giftig cyangas (CN)2 när ugnstemperaturen
överstiger 2300 C.
 Se till att utsugssystemet suger ut alla gaser och ångor som avges i ugnen.

0993-5254 8-29
Translations of Warnings

W7.1
Warning: Strong Magnetic Field
 Do not operate the furnace when persons wearing electronic heart pacemakers, or
having other metallic implants, are present.
 Anyone wearing a heart pacemaker or having metallic implants should remain at least
0.6 meter away from the furnace – in any direction – while the furnace is operating.
dansk Advarsel: Stærkt magnetfelt
 Undlad at betjene ovnen, hvis der er personer til stede med elektronisk hjerte-
pacemaker eller andre metalliske implantater.
 Personer med hjerte-pacemaker eller andre metalliske implantater skal overholde en
afstand på mindst 0.6 meter fra ovnen – i alle retninger – mens ovnen er i gang.
Deutsch Magnetfeld - Lebensgefahr für Herzschrittmacherträger
 Herzschrittmacherträger und Personen mit Metall-Implantaten müssen zum Magneten
einen Sicherheitsabstand von mindestens 0,6 m in jeder Richtung um den Magneten
einhalten.
 Halten sich Herzschrittmacher- oder Metallimplantatträger innerhalb des
Sicherheitsabstands von 0,6 m auf, darf der Magnetofen nicht aktiviert werden
español Advertencia: Campo magnético intenso
 No ponga el horno en funcionamiento cuando haya cerca personas con marcapasos
o con prótesis metálicas.
 Las personas que tengan marcapasos o prótesis metálicas deben mantener una
distancia mínima de 0,6 m del horno (en cualquier dirección) mientras éste se
encuentre en funcionamiento.
français Danger: Champ magnétique intense
 Ne pas faire fonctionner le four en présence de personnes ayant un stimulateur
cardiaque ou d'autres implants métalliques.
 Tout personne ayant un stimulateur cardiaque ou des implants métalliques doit rester
éloignée d'au moins 0,6 m du four pendant le fonctionnement de celui-ci.

8-30 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

=Warning (continued) W7.1

italiano Pericolo: Forte campo magnetico

 Non mettete in funzione il forno se sono presenti persone portatrici di pacemaker
elettronico o comunque che presentano altri implantati metallici.
 Chiunque dovesse essere portatore di peacemaker o di implantati metallici deve
soffermarsi ad una distanza minima do 0,6 metri dal forno (in ogni direzione) mentre
esso è in funzione.
Nederlands Waarschuwing: Sterke magnetisch velden
 De oven niet gebruiken als dragers van pacemakers en personen met metalen
implantaten aanwezig zijn.
 Dragers van een pacemaker of metalen implantaten mogen niet binnen een straal van
minimaal 0.6 meter bij de oven komen – in alle richtingen – als de oven in werking is.
português Aviso: Forte campo magnético
 Não use o forno enquanto estiverem portadores de marca-passo cardíaco ou pessoas
com outros implantes metálicos por perto.
 Portadores de marca-passo ou pessoas com implantes metálicos devem manter uma
distância mínima de 0,6 metros do forno – em todas as direcções – enquanto o forno
estiver em funcionamento.
suomea Varo: Voimakas magneettikenttä
 Älä käytä uunia, jos läsnä on henkilöitä, jotka käyttävät elektronista
sydämentahdistinta tai joilla on muita metallisia istutteita.
 Kaikkien henkilöiden, joilla on sydämentahdistin tai muita metallisia istutteita, tulee
pysyä vähintään 0.6 metrin päässä uunista – joka suuntaan – uunin ollessa käynnissä.
svenska Varning: Starka magnetfält
 Personer med pacemaker eller metallimplantat får inte vistas i närheten av ugnen när
den används.
 Personer med pacemaker eller metallimplantat skall hålla ett avstånd på minst 0,6
meter i alla riktningar till ugnen när den används.

0993-5254 8-31
Translations of Warnings

Symbols used on the instrument

Any of the following symbols can be used on the instrument:

dansk De markeringer, som benyttes på dette apparat

Enhver af de følgende markeringer kan benyttes på apparatet:
Deutsch Symbole am Gerät
Eines der folgenden Symbole kann sich am Gerät befinden:
español Pictogramas usadps en el equipo
Usted puede aplicar al equipo cualquiera de los siguientes pictogramas:
français Symboles utilisés sur l'instrument
Tous les symboles suivants peuvent être utilisés sur l'instrument :
italiano Contrassegni utilizzati sullo strumento
Qualsiasi dei seguenti contrassegni può essere utilizzato sullo strumento:
Nederlands Markeringen op het Instrument
De volgende markingen kunnen op het instrument gebruikt worden:
português Marcações usadas no aparelho
Qualquer uma das marcações seguintes podem ser usadas no aparelho:
suomea Laitteessa käytetyt merkit
Laitteessa voidaan käyttää seuraavia merkkejä:
svenska Apparatens symboler
Följande symboler kan finnas på apparaten:

8-32 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

This symbol indicates that there is a potential hazard and that the user must look in the
guide for an explanation of the hazard and how to avoid it.
dansk Dette symbol angiver, at der foreligger en mulig fare, og at brugeren skal se i håndbogen
efter en forklaring på faren, og hvordan faren kan undgås.
Deutsch Dieses Symbol bedeutet, daß hier eine mögliche Gefahr besteht und der Benutzer im
Handbuch nachschlagen muß, um eine Beschreibung der Gefahr und deren Vermeidung
zu erhalten.
español Este símbolo indica que existe un peligro potencial y que el usuario tiene que consultar
el manual para hallar una explicación del peligro y de los modos de evitarlo.
français Ce symbole indique un danger potentiel et invite l'usager à consulter le manuel
d'utilisation pour obtenir un exposé de ce danger et les moyens de l'éviter.
italiano Questo simbolo indica un pericolo potenziale e che l'operatore deve consultare il
manuale per eventuali spiegazioni riguardo ad eventuali pericoli e su come evitarli.
Nederlands Dit symbool geeft aan dat er gevaar bestaat en dat de gebruiker in het handboek de uitleg
daarvan dient na te kijken en hoe het vermeden kan worden.
português Este símbolo indica que existe um perigo potencial e que o utilizador deve consultar o
manual para obter uma explicação sobre o perigo e saber como o pode evitar.
suomea Tämä symboli merkitsee, että on olemassa potentiaalinen vaara ja että käyttäjän täytyy
katsoa käsikirjasta vaaran selitystä ja kuinka se vältetään.
svenska Symbolen innebär möjlig fara. Användaren skall se i användarhandboken för att få
förklaringar och anvisningar om hur faran skall undvikas.

0993-5254 8-33
Translations of Warnings

This symbol indicates the risk of electric shock.

dansk Dette symbol angiver risikoen for elektrisk stød.

Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Gefahr durch elektrischen Strom.
español Este símbolo indica la existencia de riesgo de electrocución.
français Ce symbole indique un risque d'électrocution.
italiano Questo simbolo indica il pericolo di folgorazione.
Nederlands Dit symbool geeft aan dat er gevaar voor een electrische schok bestaat.
português Este símbolo indica o perigo de choques eléctricos.
suomea Tämä symboli varoittaa sähköiskun vaarasta.
svenska Symbolen innebär fara för elektriska stötar.

This symbol indicates the risk of hot surfaces.

dansk Dette symbol angiver risikoen for varme overflader.

Deutsch Dieses Symbol warnt vor Gefahr durch heiße Oberfläche.
español Este símbolo indica peligro de tocar superficies candentes.
français Ce symbole indique un risque de surfaces chaudes.
italiano Questo simbolo indica il pericolo di superfici molto calde.
Nederlands Dit symbool geeft aan dat er gevaar voor hete oppervlaktes bestaat.
português Este símbolo indica o perigo de superfícies quentes.
suomea Tämä symboli varoittaa kuumista pinnoista.
svenska Symbolen innebär fara för heta ytor.

8-34 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

This symbol indicates the off position of the main power switch or circuit breaker. With
the switch in this position, the instrument is disconnected entirely from the line power
supply.
dansk Dette symbol angiver hovedafbryderen eller kredsløbsafbryderens slukket-position. Når
afbryderen står i denne position, er apparatet fuldstændigt skilt fra strømtilførslen.
Deutsch Dieses Symbol zeigt die Stellung Aus des Netzschalters oder Leistungsschalters. Wenn
der Schalter auf dieser Position steht, ist das Gerät vollständig vom Netzstrom getrennt.
español Este símbolo indica que el interruptor principal de la red o del cortacircuitos está
desconectado. Cuando el interruptor se encuentra en esta posición, el equipo está
desconectado por completo de la toma de corriente.
français Ce symbole indique que l'interrupteur ou le coupe-circuit principal est en position ‘arrêt’.
Quand l'interrupteur est dans cette position, l'instrument est complètement déconnecté de
l'alimentation secteur.
italiano Questo simbolo indica la posizione di spento dell'interruttore principale di alimentazione
o il separatore di circuito. Se l'interruttore si trova in questa posizione lo strumento è
scollegato completamente dall'alimentazione elettrica.
Nederlands Dit symbool geeft aan dat de hoofdkrachtschakelaar of stroombreker uitstaat. Met de
schakelaar in deze stand is het instrument geheel afgesloten van de lijnvoeding.
português Este símbolo indica a posição desligada do interruptor principal de corrente ou do
disjuntor. Estando o interruptor nesta posição, o aparelho é desligado totalmente da rede
de fornecimento de corrente.
suomea Tämä symboli ilmoittaa, että pääkytkin tai katkaisija on pois päältä. Kun kytkin on tässä
asennossa, laite on erotettu kokonaan verkkovirrasta.
svenska Symbolen visar att huvudströmbrytaren eller strömkretsbrytaren står i från-läge. När
brytaren står i detta läge är apparaten helt frånkopplad från nätet.

0993-5254 8-35
Translations of Warnings

This symbol indicates the on position of the main power switch or circuit breaker. With the
switch in this position, the instrument is connected to the line power supply but is not
necessarily switched on and operational.
dansk Dette symbol angiver hovedafbryderen eller kredsløbsafbryderens tændt-position. Når
afbryderen står i denne position, er apparatet forbundet med strømtilførslen, men ikke
nødvendigvis tændt og driftsklart.
Deutsch Dieses Symbol zeigt die Stellung Ein des Netzschalters oder Leistungsschalters.
Wenn der Schalter auf dieser Position steht, wird das Gerät mit Netzstrom versorgt, muß
jedoch nicht notwendigerweise eingeschaltet und betriebsbereit sein.
español Este símbolo indica que el interruptor principal de la red o del cortacircuitos está conectado.
Cuando el interruptor se encuentra en esta posición, el equipo está conectado a la red
eléctrica, pero no está necesariamente encendido o en estado operacional.
français Ce symbole indique que l'interrupteur ou le coupe-circuit principal est en position ‘marche’.
Quand l'interrupteur est dans cette position, l'instrument est connecté à l'alimentation secteur,
mais n'est pas nécessairement en circuit et opérationnel.
italiano Questo simbolo indica la posizione di acceso dell'interruttore principale di alimentazione o il
separatore di circuito. Se l'interruttore si trova in questa posizione lo strumento è collegato
all'alimentazione elettrica ma non è necessariamente attivo e operativo.
Nederlands Dit symbool geeft aan dat de hoofdkrachtschakelaar of stroombreker aanstaat. Met de
schakelaar in deze stand is het instrument aangesloten aan de lijnvoeding maar behoeft niet
aan te staan en in werking te zijn.
português Este símbolo indica a posição ligada do interruptor principal de corrente ou do disjuntor.
Estando o interruptor nesta posição, o aparelho está ligado à rede de fornecimento de corrente,
o que não significa necessariamente que também esteja activado e operacional.
suomea Tämä symboli ilmoittaa, että pääkytkin tai katkaisija on päälle kytketty. Kun kytkin on tässä
asennossa, laite on liitettynä verkkovirtaan, mutta sitä ei ole välttämättä kytketty päälle eikä
se ole välttämättä käyttövalmis.
svenska Symbolen visar att huvudströmbrytaren eller strömkretsbrytaren står i till-läge. När brytaren
står i detta läge är apparaten ansluten till nätet men inte nödvändigtvis tillslagen och driftklar.

8-36 0993-5254
 Translations of Warnings

This symbol indicates the operational on/off switch.

dansk Dette symbol angiver betjenings-tændt/sluk-kontakt.

Deutsch Dieses Symbol kennzeichnet den Bereitschaftsschalter.
español Este símbolo indica el interruptor operacional con./desc.
français Ce symbole représente l'interrupteur d'arrêt/marche.
italiano Questo simbolo indica l'interruttore acceso/spento opzionale.
Nederlands Dit symbool geeft de aan/uit schakelaar aan.
português Este símbolo indica o interruptor de ligar/desligar o funcionamento.
suomea Tämä symboli tarkoittaa päälle/pois -käyttökytkintä.
svenska Symbolen visar apparatens till/från-knapp.

This symbol indicates alternating current.

dansk Dette symbol angiver vekselstrøm.
Deutsch Dieses Symbol kennzeichnet Wechselstrom.
español Este símbolo indica la existencia de corriente alterna.
français Ce symbole représente le courant alternatif.
italiano Questo simbolo indica corrente alternata.
Nederlands Dit symbool geeft wisselstroom aan.
português Este símbolo indica corrente alterna.
suomea Tämä symboli merkitsee vaihtovirtaa.
svenska Symbolen indikerar växelström.

0993-5254 8-37
Translations of Warnings

This symbol indicates that there is a potential hazard due to a strong magnetic field and
that persons wearing heart pacemakers or other metallic implants should remain at least
0.6 m away from the furnace.
dansk Stærkt magnetfelt: Personer med hjerte-pacemaker eller andre metalliske implantater
skal overholde en afstand på mindst 0.6 meter fra ovnen.
Deutsch Magnetfeld: Herzschrittmacherträger und Personen mit Metall-Implantaten müssen zum
Magneten einen Sicherheitsabstand von mindestens 0,6 m um den Magneten einhalten.
español Campo magnético intenso: Las personas que tengan marcapasos o prótesis metálicas
deben mantener una distancia mínima de 0,6 m del horno.
français Champ magnétique intense: Tout personne ayant un stimulateur cardiaque ou des
implants métalliques doit rester éloignée d'au moins 0,6 m du four.
italiano Forte campo magnetico: Chiunque dovesse essere portatore di peacemaker o di
implantati metallici deve soffermarsi ad una distanza minima do 0,6 metri dal forno.
Nederlands Sterke magnetisch velden: Dragers van een pacemaker of metalen implantaten mogen
niet binnen een straal van minimaal 0.6 meter bij de oven komen.
português Forte campo magnético: Portadores de marca-passo ou pessoas com implantes metálicos
devem manter uma distância mínima de 0,6 metros do forno.
suomea Voimakas magneettikenttä: Kaikkien henkilöiden, joilla on sydämentahdistin tai muita
metallisia istutteita, tulee pysyä vähintään 0.6 metrin päässä uunista – joka suuntaan –
uunin ollessa käynnissä.
svenska Starka magnetfält: Personer med pacemaker eller metallimplantat skall hålla ett avstånd
på minst 0,6 meter till ugnen.

8-38 0993-5254
 Index

0993-5254 In-1
Index

In-2 0993-5254
 Index

A connectors on the spectrometer electrical safety 1-5

7-6 electrodeless discharge lamps
AAnalyst 600
cooling 7-10 installing and connecting 3-6
concept 7-3
electrical 7-8 electromagnetic compatibility
features 7-3
gas 7-10 1-18, 7-17
system components 7-3
technical data 7-15 cooling electrothermal atomization
accessory ports 7-7 graphite furnace 6-14 hazards 1-15
spectrometer system 6-14 safety practices 1-14
air filters
cooling connectors 7-10 emergency shutdown 3-12
changing 4-10
cooling system (recirculating) environment
aligning the furnace 4-11
6-14 operating conditions 1-7
argon
connecting and disconnecting storage conditions 1-7
connecting 2-8
water hoses 2-12
automatic circuit breaker environmental requirements 7-17
filling 2-14
resetting 4-8 furnace cooling 6-14 external cooling 6-14
installing 2-12 connecting 2-15
C spectrometer cooling 6-14 furnace 6-14
changing air filters 4-10 spectrometer 6-14
correct use of the instrument 1-4
changing fuses 4-8 customer service – see end page F
checklist
filling the recirculating cooling
fume extraction unit D system 2-14
maintenance 4-5 dimensions, spectrometer 6-5,
general maintenance 4-4 fume extraction unit
7-17
spectrometer maintenance 4-4 description 7-11
disconnecting gas tubes 2-8 extraction pump, cleaning
circuit breaker 3-3
disconnecting water hoses 2-12 4-20
resetting 4-8
disposing of contents of waste filter, renewing 4-15
cleaning windows 4-6 containers 1-10 fume transfer tube
compressed gases 1-12 removing, cleaning, replac-
disposing of defective lamps 1-10
connecting ing 4-22
argon 2-8 E maintenance procedures 4-13
external cooling sources 2-15 electrical components nozzle
furnaces gases 2-7 maintaining 4-8 aligning 4-18
nitrogen 2-8 cleaning 4-17
electrical connections 2-18
special gas 2-10 refitting 4-18
electrical connectors 7-8
connecting gas tubes 2-8 removing 4-17
electrical protection 1-17, 7-16 nozzle holder, cleaning 4-16
connecting water hoses 2-12
electrical requirements 6-10, removing and refitting tower
connections
7-16 4-24
electrical 2-18

0993-5254 In-3
Index

replacement parts 5-5 I maintenance procedures 4-6

separator trap markings on the instrument 1-20
IEC 1010 compliance 1-17
baffle, cleaning 4-14 mass 7-17
installation procedures 2-3
cleaning 4-14
installing moving the spectrometer 2-4
filling 4-14
recirculating cooling system
fume ventilation 6-4
2-12
N
furnace autosampler nitrogen
sample trays 3-10
installing 2-12 connecting 2-8
installing and connecting lamps
furnace gases
3-6 O
connecting 2-7
installing furnace autosampler
specifications and operating conditions 1-7, 6-3
2-12
requirements 6-13 operational on/off switches 7-6
furnace, aligning 4-11 L optical system 7-5
fuses laboratory hygiene 1-8
changing 4-8 P
laboratory requirements
parts provided 5-3
G cooling system (recirculating)
6-14 PerkinElmer service 4-3
gas connectors 7-10 power requirements 6-10, 7-16
cooling the spectrometer
gas hazards 1-12 system 6-14
gas supply requirements 6-11 fume ventilation 6-4 R
furnace gases 6-12 gas supplies 6-11 Reconfigure utility 3-4
gas tubes operating conditions 6-3 references for laboratory safety
connecting 2-8 water cooling 6-14 practice 1-16
disconnecting 2-8 laboratory ventilation 1-8 regulatory information
lamp compartment 3-6 electromagnetic compatibility
H 1-18, 7-17
lamps
hazards with electrothermal removing fume extraction unit
installing and connecting 3-6
atomization tower 4-24
removing 3-9
high temperatures 1-15
removing lamps 3-9
toxic products 1-15 M replacement parts 5-4
UV radiation 1-15
magnetic field 1-11 catalog service 5-4
heart pacemakers 1-11 safe radius 6-8
replacing air filters 4-10
high temperatures 1-12 maintaining electrical replacing fuses 4-8
hollow cathode lamps components 4-8
installing 3-6 required pressures
maintenance checklists 4-4
furnace gases 6-13
hygiene 1-8
resetting the circuit breaker 4-8

In-4 0993-5254
 Index

S symbols used in the guide 1-3 Z

safe handling of chemicals 1-9 symbols used on the instrument Zeeman magnetic field 1-11, 6-8
safety 1-19
compressed gases 1-12 system
correct use of the instrument shutting down 3-11
1-4
electrical safety 1-5
T
handling chemicals 1-9 technical data
high temperatures 1-12 spectrometer 7-15
magnetic field 1-11 translations
safe radius 6-8 safety conventions 8-3
UV radiation 1-11 symbols used on instrument
safety and EMC standards 1-18, 8-32
7-17 warnings in guide 8-3
safety conventions 1-3 troubleshooting 4-3
translations 8-3
see also symbols
U
safety practices UV radiation 1-11
for electrothermal atomization V
1-14
references 1-16 ventilation, laboratory 1-8
sample trays W
installing 3-10
warning markings on the
shutting down the system 3-11 instrument 1-20
space requirements 6-5 warnings in guide
special gas translations 8-3
connecting 2-10 waste disposal
spectrometer contents of waste containers
dimensions 7-17 1-10
mass (weight) 7-17 defective lamps 1-10
moving 2-4 water cooling 6-14
spectrometer maintenance 4-6 connecting 2-15
storage conditions 1-7 water hoses
switches on the spectrometer 7-6 connecting 2-12
operational on/off switch 7-6 disconnecting 2-12
switching on the system 3-3 weight 7-17
windows
cleaning 4-6

0993-5254 In-5
Index

In-6 0993-5254
 Customer Service

Company Name and Address

PerkinElmer Analytical Instruments – Headquarters
761 Main Avenue, Norwalk
Connecticut 06859-0001, U.S.A.
Tel.: 203-762-4000, Fax.: 203-762-4050
PerkinElmer on the Internet
http://www.perkinelmer.com
E-mail: [email protected]

Supplies, replacement parts, and accessories

Supplies, replacement parts, and accessories can be ordered directly from
PerkinElmer, using the part numbers quoted in the guides provided with the
instrument.
e-ssentials
PerkinElmer Instruments on-line catalog, your single source for quality supplies
and accessories.
http://essentials.perkinelmer.com/

PerkinElmer’s catalog service offers a full selection of high-quality supplies.

To place an order for supplies and many replacement parts, request a free catalog,
or ask for information:
– If you are located within the U.S., call toll free 1-800-762-4002, 8 a.m. to
8 p.m. EST. Your order will be shipped promptly, usually within 24 hours.
– If you are located outside of the U.S., call your local PerkinElmer sales or
service office.
PerkinElmer Instruments
761 Main Avenue, Norwalk, CT 06859-0010, U.S.A.,
Tel: 1-800-762-4000 or 1-203-762-4000
Fax: 1-203-762-4050
Internet: http://www.perkinelmer.com

Part Number 0993-5254 Release 4