Physics G12

El-Massria Integrated Schools- American College

Science Department
th
10 Ramdan campus

Ch.1 Science of physics

1) Branches of Science:
A) Physics (Classic and modern).
B) Chemistry: General chemistry, organics physical chemistry, thermodynamics.
C) Biology: structure of body of living organisms it is related to physics like measuring blood
pressure, salts in blood and in urine.
*Types of Physics:

A) Classical physics: A branch of physics which study all phenomena can be seen and can be

observed by naked eye such all types of energy (Light energy – Sound energy– Electricity).

B) Modern physics: A branch of physics which study all phenomena can’t be observed or seen by

naked eye like chemical reactions, particles seen under microscope.

Physics:
Are the subject which study all-natural phenomena, structure of universe and deduce the

mathematics relations between physical quantities which expressed in measuring units.

Examples:

 Building and operating cars, sailboats, electric sets and factories’ machines.

 All things that deal with temperature, size, motion, position, shape, color, velocity,

acceleration, force, energy, ……etc. involve physics.

*Major areas (branches) within physics: -

Mechanics – Thermodynamics – Vibrations waves - Optics – Electromagnetism – Relativity –

Quantum mechanics.

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 Physics G12

El-Massria Integrated Schools- American College

Science Department
th
10 Ramdan campus

Section (1) What is Physics?

 To know the meaning of physics you must be familiar with some
points:
1)The Scientific Method: -
Physics (like all other science branches) based on the scientific method
(thinking) Which based on many steps: -
a) Make observations and collect data.
b) Formulate and test hypotheses by experiments.
c) Interpret results and revise hypotheses.
d) Stating conclusions that can be evaluated by others.
2) The model: -
Is a pattern, plan, representation or description designed to show the structure or
working an object, system or concept.
Such as analyzing basketball motion and sailboat motion.
3) Galileo’s thought experiment: -
About falling objects which body falls faster, light or heavy mass?
Conclusion: All objects of different weights fall the same rate and reach to
ground at the same time.
Activity: let the students do this exp. by themselves.
4)The activities involved in the scientific method: -
Any model can be summarized with a diagram, deducing math. equation, building
a computer simulation or small scalar replica of the situation.

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 Physics G12

El-Massria Integrated Schools- American College

Science Department
th
10 Ramdan campus

Homework ch.1 section 1

1-Name the major areas of physics.

Mechanics – Thermodynamics – Vibrations waves - Optics – Electromagnetism –
_______________________________________________________________________
Relativity – Quantum mechanics.
_______________________________________________________________________

2-Identify the areas of physics that is most relevant to each of the following situation: Explain
your reasoning:
a. A high school football game.
mechanics because football is a sports that we have to interact our feet with the ball.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

b. Food preparation for the prom.

thermodynamics because when you preparing a food, you have to cook it first before you can it.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

c. Playing in the school band.

vibrations and wave phenomena because playing an school band we have to use an
_______________________________________________________________________
instrument to play and become an music which it also show vibration and sound of something.
_______________________________________________________________________

d. Lightning in a thunderstorm.
electromagnetism because lightning is an electric light that come down from the sky.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

e. Wearing in a pair of sunglasses outside the sun.

optics because sunglasses are lenses that protect our eyes from the UV of the sun.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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 Physics G12

El-Massria Integrated Schools- American College

Science Department
th
10 Ramdan campus

3-What are the activities involved in the scientific method.

Any model can be summarized with a diagram, deducing math.
_______________________________________________________________________
equation, building a computer simulation or small scalar replica of the situation.
_______________________________________________________________________

4.Give Two examples of ways that physicists model the physical world.
Creating a models or an diagram to make things easier to understand
_______________________________________________________________________
Use computers programming or small scale replica of the situation
_______________________________________________________________________

Critical Thinking; -
1- Identify the area of physics involved in each of the following tests of a lightweight metal
alloy proposed for use in sailboat hulls:
a. Testing the effects of a collision on the alloy.
relativity
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
b. Testing whether the alloy can affect a magnetic compass needle.
electromagnetism
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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 Physics G12

El-Massria Integrated Schools- American College

Science Department
th
10 Ramdan campus

Ch. (1) : Section (2) : Measurements and units

1- Types of physical quantities:

A) Basic quantities: they can’t be derived from other quantities such as

Mass – length – Time.

2) they can be derived from other quantities such as velocity-acceleration–

force– density– momentum and energy, etc.

Examples: V = (m/s) , a= ( m / s2 )

F = M.a (Kg . m/s 2) , density = Kg / m 3)

Momentum = M.V (Kg. m/s), Energy = F. d (kg . m 2 / s 2)

2 – There are two systems:

A) Systems of units:

Basic quantity Metric system British system French system

(M. K.S) (F. P. S) (C.G.S)
Length (L) Meter (m) Foot Centimeter (cm)
Mass (M) Kilogram (Kg) Pound Gram (g)
Time (T) Second (s) Sec. Sec.

B) S.I = International system of units:

1. Mass (M) in (Kg)
2.Length (L) in (m)
3.Time (T) in (s)
4.Current intensity (I) in (Ampere)
5.Temperature (T) (kelvin) (kO )
6.Quantity of material in (mol.)
7.Illumination intensity in (candela)
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 Physics G12

El-Massria Integrated Schools- American College

Science Department
th
10 Ramdan campus

Homework (2) section (2)

Q1. Find SI unit for:

a) V = d/ m/s
t _______________________________________

b) Density = kg/m^3
________________________________________

m/s^2
c) a = V / t __________________________________________
kgm/s^2
d) force = m. a________________________________________
_________

Q2. Complete:

meter
a) The unit of length is _________ centimeter
in Metric system, __________in

foot
French system and ______________ in British system.

temperature
b) In SI system, Kelvin is unit of________________ and Ampere is
current intensithy
unit of_____

Q3. Compare between:

Basic quantity and Derived quantity

Basic quantity cannot be derived
Derived quantity can be derivied

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 Physics G12

El-Massria Integrated Schools- American College

Science Department
th
10 Ramdan campus

Ch. (1) Section (3) Language of physics

 The physical quantities joined in a physical equation and

expressed in Dimensional Formula (D.F).
 Dimensional Formula: Is a formula contains dimensions of
any physical quantity such as M. L. T.
 Examples: -

Physical Math. equation S. I D. F

quantity
1 m / s = m. s – 1 L/T
Velocity V= =
2 L / T 2 = L. T –
Acceleration A = = m / s 2 = m. s -2 2

3 Kg/m 3 = kg. m -3 M / L 3 = M. L–
Density (p) P= = 3

4 Kg. m / s -2 = M. L / T 2
Force (F) F = Ma
Kg. m. s -2 m. L. T– 2
 Converting of units and power of 10:

L in (m): 1 km = 10 3 m = 10 5 cm = 10 6 mm
1 m = 10 2 cm = 10 3 mm
1 mm = 10 -3 = 10 -1 cm
1 nm = 10 -9 m
Mass in (kg): 1 kg = 10 3 g = 10 6 mg
1 g = 10 3 mg
Time in sec: 1 h = 60 min. = 60 x 60 sec. = 60 x 60 x 10 3 ms.
Measuring tools:
Mass (by balance).
length (by metric tape).
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