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Unit - I Quantum Mechanics: Long Answer Questions

This document contains questions covering 5 units of a quantum mechanics and semiconductor physics course. The units cover topics such as blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, Schrodinger equation, semiconductor properties, optoelectronics including LEDs and lasers, fiber optics, and electromagnetic properties of materials. Long answer questions involve deriving key equations and explaining concepts in detail.

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Karan
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3K views4 pages

Unit - I Quantum Mechanics: Long Answer Questions

This document contains questions covering 5 units of a quantum mechanics and semiconductor physics course. The units cover topics such as blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, Schrodinger equation, semiconductor properties, optoelectronics including LEDs and lasers, fiber optics, and electromagnetic properties of materials. Long answer questions involve deriving key equations and explaining concepts in detail.

Uploaded by

Karan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit – I

Quantum Mechanics
1. What is a black body? Or what is black body radiation
2. What is energy spectrum of a black body?
3. State Wien’s displacement law of a black body radiation
4. What is photo electric effect?
5. What is meant by normalization of wave function Ψ
6. Write the significance of wave function Ψ
7. What is Rayleigh – Jeans law or black body radiation and what is its limitation?
8. State Planck’s law of black body radiation and write its formula
9. What is Compton effect and write its mathematical expression
10. State the laws of photo electric effect
11. Write the significance of wave function Ψ
12. State Heisenberg uncertainty principle and write the mathematical relations

Long answer Questions

13. What is matter waves (de-Broglie hypothesis)? Obtain an expression for the wavelength of
matter waves(de-Broglie wavelength) in terms of momentum(P), Energy(E), potential
difference(V), absolute temperature(T)
14. Describe the experimental verification of matter waves using Davisson – Gemmer experiment.
15. Derive time independent Schrodinger’s equation for a free particle
16. Derive an expression for Planck’s radiation law
17. Derive an expression for Compton shift in wavelength of scattered x-ray
18. Obtain an expression for energy levels of an electron in a one dimensional potential well(box)
of infinite height

Unit – II

Semiconductor Physics
1. What is an intrinsic semiconductor? Give examples
2. What are extrinsic semiconductors? Give examples
3. What is zener voltage or breakdown voltage
4. What is avalanche breakdown
5. Write the expression for electrical conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor
6. Define Hall Effect and mention its applications
7. Define Fermi level. Draw the Fermi level diagram for intrinsic & extrinsic semiconductors
8. Explain carrier transport(definition of drift and diffusion)
9. What is BJT(PNP & NPN Transistor)
Long answer questions
10. a) Derive an expression for the electron concentration in intrinsic semiconductor
b) Derive an expression for the hole concentration in intrinsic semiconductor
11. Derive the intrinsic carrier concentration and absolute Temperature
12. a) Derive an expression for the carrier concentration and Fermi level in N-type semiconductor
b) Derive an expression for the carrier concentration and Fermi level in P-type semiconductor
13. Define and derive drift and diffusion currents and deduce Einstein relation
14. Define hall effect and derive an expression for hall coefficient
15. Explain how a PN junction work and draw V-I characteristics.
16. What is zener diode and explain the working zener diode
17. What is a bipolar junction transistor and explain any one type.

Unit – III

Optoelectronics
1. What is meant by carrier generation and recombination?
2. Explain radiative and non radiative recombinations
3. What are direct and indirect semiconductors
4. What is a photodiode? what are its types
Photodiode is a light sensitive PN junction capable of converting light into a voltage or current
signal. It works on the principle of photo generation. There are mainly three types of
photodiodes: PN junction, PIN photodiode, Avalanche photodiode
5. What are the applications of photodiodes?
A photo diode are utilized in spectroscopy, photography, analytical instrumentation, optical
position sensors, beam alignment, surface characterization, laser range finders, optical
communications and medical imaging instruments.
6. What are photo detectors?
A photo detector is a device which absorbs light and converts the optical energy(signal) to
measurable electric signal.
7. What are advantages of light emitting diodes

Long answer questions

8. Explain the construction, working and characteristics of LED


9. Describe the construction and working of homo junction laser
10. Describe the construction and working of hetero junction laser
11. Explain solar cell its principle, characteristics and working
12. With neat diagram explain PIN diode
13. Discuss avalanche photodiode in detail
Unit – IV

Unit – IV

Lasers and Fiber optics

1. Explain interaction of radiation with matter(stimulated absorption, spontaneous and


stimulated emission)
2. What is population inversion
3. What is meta stable state
4. What is pumping and Explain various pumping methods
5. State and explain the characteristics of lasers
6. Write the applications of lasers
7. What is structure of an optical fiber(construction)
8. Discuss the principle on which optical fiber
9. Write the conditions for total internal reflection
10. Write the advantages of optical fibers

Long answer questions


11. Write in detail step index and graded index fibers
12. Define and derive an expression for numerical aperture and acceptance angle
13. What are different losses in optical fiber? explain each with neat diagram
14. Write a note on applications of optical fibers in medicine, communication and sensors
15. What are Einstein’s coefficients? And deduce the relation between them
16. Explain the working of ruby laser with the help of neat energy level diagram
17. Describe the construction and working of He-Ne laser
18. Describe the construction and working of carbon dioxide laser
19. Write the applications of laser in industries, medical, military and scientific

Unit – V

Electromagnetism and Magnetic properties of materials


Two marks Questions

1. Define the terms, Dielectric constant, Electric Susceptibility, and Displacement vector
2. With usual notations show that P = ε0 (εr – 1) E and χe = εr – 1
3. Derive and expression for electronic and ionic polarizations
4. Discuss about internal fields in solids
5. Derive clausius – Mosotti relation in dielectrics
6. Explain ferro electricity and piezo electricity
7. Define the terms, permeability (μ,) susceptibility (χm), magnetic induction (B) and magnetic field
(H) and magnetization (M or I)
8. With usual notations show that B = μo(H + M) and μr = 1+ χm

Long answer questions

9. Explain the classification of magnetic materials on the basis of electron spin


10. Explain the Weiss’s domain theory of ferromagnetism
11. Describe B-H Curve or hysteresis loop observed in ferromagnetic materials
12. Differentiate soft and hard magnetic materials
13. Explain laws of electrostatics
14. State and explain gauss and stokes theorem
15. State and explain Gauss laws, Faraday law and Ampere law
16. Write Mawell’s equations in both differential form and integral form.

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