,ay; - 3

jUkGup khtl;lr; rpWnja;t topghl;L Kiwfs;

njhy;Fbr; r%fj;jpd; ,aq;F epiyj; Njly;fs; vy;yh

,lq;fspYk; kpf tpupthf ele;J tUfpd;wd. mr;r%f kf;fs;
tho;e;jjw;fhd #oy; kw;Wk; ,aq;fpajw;fhd mbg;gilf;
$WfspypUe;J mtu;fs; vt;thW xUq;fpize;J ,aq;fpdhu;fs;
vd;gijAk;> me;j ,af;ff; $Wfs; vt;tifahd jd;ikapy;
epfo;e;jd vd;gijAk; kPsha;T nra;Ak; NghJ kpf El;gkhd
Nghf;fpidf; fhz KbfpwJ.

fhLfspy; tho;e;j r%fkf;fs; epiyahf Xuplj;jpy;

tho;tijf; fhl;bYk; ,lg;ngau;T tho;f;ifia Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba #oypy; ,Ue;jdu;. mr;r%f kf;fs; xd;whf ,ize;J
thoTk;> jkf;F Vw;gl;l ,aw;if epfo;Tfisf; fz;L mjid
vjpu;nfhs;Sk; kdg;gf;Ftk; ,y;yhkYk; ,Ue;jdu;.

kdpjd; jhd; tho;e;j #oiyg; gw;wpAk; jd;idg; gw;wpAk;

rpe;jpf;Fk; NghJ cyfj;Njhw;wk;> capu;jN
; jhw;wk;> gpwg;G> ,wg;G
gw;wpa vz;zq;fs; Njhd;wpd. me;j vz;zq;fis czu;e;j
kdpjd; jd;idtpl Nkk;gl;l Mw;wy; xd;W ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;Wk;> mjidNa nja;tk; vd;Wk; czu;eJ
;
topglj;Jtq;fpdhd;.

topghl;bd; Njhw;wk;

kdpjd; ,aw;ifapd; kPJ nfhz;bUe;j mr;rj;jpd;

tpisthfTk; mtw;iwg; Gupe;J nfhs;tjpy; Vw;gl;l ,lu;ghLfspd;
fhuzkhfTk; jd;idf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;s topglj;Jtq;fpdhd;.
“czTg; nghUl;fis kl;LNk Njb tho;e;j goq;fhy kdpjDf;F

72
„kdk;‟ vd;W tpopg;Gzu;T nfhz;lNjh md;W Kjy; mtDf;F
,iwehl;lk; njhlq;fptpl;lJ.” vd;W lhf;lu; f.ifyhrgjp
$Wfpd;whu;.1

,aw;ifNahL ,iae;J> ,aw;ifapypUe;J jdJ

Njitfisg; ngw;W tho;e;j kdpjd; mtw;iwg; Nghw;wTk;
jiyg;gl;lhd;. jdf;F ,aw;ifapy; Vw;gLk; Vkhw;wj;ijAk;>
NguopTfisAk; vz;zpj; jdf;Fs;shfNt Nghuhbdhd;. jd;id
kPwparf;jp xd;W ,Ug;gij czu;T %ykhfTk;> gl;lwpT
%ykhfTk; czu;eJ
; mtw;iw tzq;f Kw;gl;lhd;. mJNt
topghL Njhd;Wtjw;F Kjd;ikahf mike;jJ vdyhk;.

kiyfspYk; fhLfspYk; tho;e;j kdpjDf;F kuk;

,aw;ifahfNt cWJizahf ,Ue;jJ. kio> Fspu;> ntapy;
Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J jd;idf; fhj;Jf; nfhs;s kuj;jbapy;
xJq;fpdhd;. mJNt mtDf;F ciwtplkhf mike;jJ. nfhba
tpyq;FfsplkpUe;J jd;idf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;s mk;kuq;fspy; Vwp
capiuf; fhj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;.

kuk; kUe;jhfTk;> fhaf;;fdpfs; czthfTk; gad;gl;ld.

vdNt mtw;iw topglj; njhlq;fpdhd;. ,t;topghl;bd; %yk;
jdf;F cjtp nra;jtw;wpw;F ed;wp nrYj;jpAs;shd;. mjid>

“Fzfly; ,tu;eJ
; F&cf; fjpu;gug;gpg;
2
gfy;nfO nry;td; Flkiy kiwa”
vd;Dk; ew;;wpizg; ghlybfs; %yk; czuyhk;.
kdpjdplk; mr;rk;> ed;wpAzu;T Nghd;witfspd;
fhuzkhfj; nja;t topghL Njhd;wp tsu;eJ
; s;sJ. mjd;
mbg;gilapy; njhy;fhg;gpau; fUg;nghUl;fspd; tupirapy;
nja;tj;ij Kd;djhf itj;jpUg;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

73
 “nja;tk; czhNt> kh> kuk;> Gy;”3

gwitfs;> tpyq;Ffs;> jhtuq;fs; NghyNt me;je;j

epyq;fSf;Fupa nja;tq;fisAk; mitfspy; ,Ue;J gpupf;f
,ayhjthW mikj;Js;shu;.

rq;ffhy kf;fs; epy mbg;gilapy; nja;tq;fis

topgl;Ls;sdu;. FwpQ;rp epykf;fshfpa Fwtu;fs; kiyf;flTshd
KUfDf;Fj; NjDk;> jpidAk; gilj;J ntwpahb tpohf;fisf;
nfhz;lhbAs;sdu;. tpohf;fhyq;fspy; Nehk;G Nehw;gjw;fhfg; g+rhup
jd;ifapy; rpte;j E}iyf; fl;bf;nfhz;L nja;tj;ij topgLtu;
vd;gjid>

“tplu;Kif mLf;fj;J tpwy;nfO R+ypf;Ff;

4
flDk; G+zhk;> ife;E}y; ahthk;>”
vd;Dk; FWe;njhifg;ghlybfs; $Wfpd;wd.

g+Tk;> nghupAk; ehw;GwKk; J}tp vUijg; gypapl;L mjd;

FUjpapy; Nrhw;iwf; fye;J gilayhfg; gilj;J topgLtu;
vd;gjid>

“nja;tk; Nru;e;j guhiu Ntk;gpy;

nfhOg;G+M vwpe;J> FUjp J}ty;>
5
GyTg; GOf;Fcz;l thd;fz;”
vDk; mfehD}w;Wg; ghlybfs; czu;j;Jfpd;wd. Ky;iy epy
kf;fshd Mau;fs; mtu;fsJ czthfpa ghy;> japu;>
ntz;nza; Nghd;wtw;iw khNahDf;Fg; gilj;J topgl;ldu;.

ghiy epy kf;fs; nfhw;witia topgl;ldu;. „nfhw;wp‟ vd

nfhw;witia topgLtjw;Ff; ifapy; fhg;Gf;fl;b Nehd;gpUe;J
; s;sdu;.6
topgl;L

74
 kUj epy kf;fs; ,e;jpuid topgl;ldu; vd;w nra;jp
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYk;> kzpNkfiyapYk; tpupthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

“tr;rpuf; Nfhl;lj;J kzk; nfO Kurk;

fr;ir ahidg; gplu;j;jiy Vw;wp
thy;ntz; fspw;W muR taq;fpa Nfhl;lj;Jf;

fhy;Nfhy; tpotpd; filepiy rhw;wp”7

,Ugj;njl;L ehl;fs; ,e;jpuid topgl;l tpohtpid „,e;jputpoh‟

vd;W me;E}y;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

nea;jy; epy kf;fs; tUzid kl;Lk; topglhky;

jq;fSf;F tho;tspf;Fk; fliyAk; Nru;jJ
; topgl;ldu;. MZk;
ngz;Zk; $b cyh ehspy; eilngWk; topghl;by; RwhkPdpd;
nfhk;gpid flw;fiuapy; cs;s kzypy; el;L mjw;F kJtpidg;
gilj;Jj; nja;tkhf topgl;L kfpo;e;jdu; vd;gij>

“rpidr;Rutpd; NfhLel;L
8
kidr; Nru;j;jpa ty;mzq;fpdhd;”

gl;bdg;ghiy ghlybfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpd; %yk; KUF9> nfhw;wp10> kOths;

nebNahd11> ,uhkd;12> #ukfspu;13> ghit14> #u;15> mzq;F16 vdg;
gy;NtW nja;tq;fs; ,Ue;Js;sij mwpaKbfpd;wJ.

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Cu;f;fhty; nja;tq;fs;> efuf;fhty;

nja;tq;fs; Nghd;w nja;tq;fSk; rJf;fg;g+jk;> me;jzu;g+jk;>
muru;g+jk;> Ntshz;g+jk; Nghd;w g+jq;fSk; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jijf;
fhzKbfpd;wJ.17

“g+q;fz; ,af;fpf;Fg; ghw;NrhW gilj;J khjup

topgl;lhs;”18 vd;w Fwpg;Gk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; rhj;jd;

75
NfhapYf;Fr; nrd;W Njte;jp ehs;NjhWk; topgl;lhs; vd;gijAk;
,y;Yiw nja;tq;fSf;F kfspu; khiy Neuq;fspy; g+Tk;>
nghupAk; J}tp topgl;ldu; vd;gijAk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; $Wfpd;wJ.19

jkpof kf;fspd; gz;ghl;Lzu;T mtu;fsJ topghl;Lzu;tpy;

kpFjpahfg; Gije;Js;sJ. “flNyhL fyf;Fk; MWfs; Nghy;
vy;yhj; nja;t tzf;fKk; vd;idNa milfpwJ vd;W
fz;zgpuhd; nrhd;dJz;L. MWfisf;$l vz;zp tplyhk;.
Mdhy; nja;tq;fisAk;> NjtijfisAk; vz;ZtJk;
vOJtJk; mupjpDk; mupJ” vd;fpd;whu;.20

topgL nja;tk;

gz;ilaj; jkpo;kf;fs; jdpj;jdpNa mtutu;fs; tpUk;gpa

nja;tq;fis tzq;fp te;jdu;. mj;nja;tq;fisNa topgL
nja;tk; vd;W mioj;jdu;. ,jid>

“mopTtpy KaYk; Mu;t khf;fs;

21
topgL nja;tk; fz;fz; lhmq;F”
vd;W ew;wpizg; ghlybfs; $Wfpd;wd. mopahj nraiyr;
nra;a KaYfpd;w MirAs;s kf;fs;> jhq;fs; topgLk; nja;tk;
jkf;F cjTtjw;fhfj; jk; fz;Kd;Nd te;jijg;Nghy> jq;fspd;
Kaw;rpf;Fj; Jiz Ntz;bNa topgl;ldu; vd;gij
mwpaKbfpd;wJ.

“topgl;l nja;te;jhd; typvdr; rhu;e;jhu;fz;

22
fopAk;Neha; ifk;kpf mzq;fh fpaJNghyg;”
jk;ikf; fhf;Fk; vd;nwz;zp topghL nra;ag;gl;l nja;tNk>
jk;ikr; ruzhf mile;jtu;fis kpfTk; tUe;Jk;gbj;
Jd;GWj;jpAk;> mj;Jd;gq;fspy; ,Ue;J kPl;L fhf;Fk;
nja;tkhfTk; cs;sij nea;jy; fypg;ghly; czu;j;Jfpd;wJ.

76
 ,t;thW ,yf;fpaq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s nja;tj;ijg; Nghy
jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; Nrhiyf;nfhl;lha; ngupahz;lr;rp>
Gl;bnul;bg;gl;b fhspak;kd;> fPiug;gl;b Ntbag;gd; Nghd;w
nja;tq;fshdJ jPatu;fisj; Jd;GWj;jpAk;> jd;idr;
rhu;e;jtu;fSf;F ed;ik nra;af;$baitahfTk; cs;sd.23
,j;nja;tq;fis kdKUfp Ntz;batu;fSf;F ed;ik
nra;tjhfTk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;nja;tq;fSf;Fj; jq;fspd;
Ntz;LjYf;;fhd fhzpf;iffisj; jpUtpoh ehl;f
; spYk;> rpwg;G
topghL nra;af;$ba mkhthir> ngsu;zkp Nghd;w ehl;fspYk;
nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;.24

,j;jifa rpWnja;tq;fSf;Fj; jyGuhzq;fs; ,y;iy.

,Ug;gpDk; ,e;j kz;zpy; xU fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; tho;e;J> tPuk;>
jpahfk;> fUiz> md;G Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngw;wpUe;jtu;fspd; vr;rq;fNs ngUk;ghyhd nja;tq;fshFk;.

,j;jifa topghl;bd; %yk; topglg;gLtJ %jhijau;fspd;

njhd;ikahd topghl;L kughFk;. ,r;rpWnja;tq;fs; me;je;jf;
fpuhkj;jpd; vspa Ntz;Ljy;fisg; g+u;j;jpr;nra;a cUthd
nja;tq;fshFk;. ,jdhy; kdpju;fspd; Fzq;fs;
,j;nja;tq;fSf;Fk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,f;fpuhkkf;fs; ek;gpf;ifAld;
Ntz;bf;nfhs;tJ me;jj; nja;tq;fsplk;jhd;. ,j;jifa
njhd;ikahd kuig ntspg;gLj;JtJ topghlhFk;.

topghl;bd; tsu;r;rp

rpWnja;tq;fis topgLk; Kiwfsp;d; mbg;gilapy;

topghl;bd; tsu;r;rp epiyfisf; $wyhk;.

77
 topghL

jdpepiy topghL $l;Lepiy topghL Nfhapy; topghL

jdpepiy topghL

jdpkdpjdpd; tpUg;gk; epiwNtWk; nghUl;Lj; jdpj;j

epiyapy; nja;tj;ij topgLtJ jdpepiy topghlhFk;.
,t;topghl;by; jdpkdpjd; mtDila eyDf;fhfTk;> mtdJ
FLk;g eyDf;fhfTk; nja;tj;jplk; Ntz;Lfpd;whd;. ,jd; %yk;
jd;Dila FLk;gj;jpy; Jd;gk; ePqf
; p ,d;gk; ngUFk; vd;w
ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; topgLfpd;whd;.

,t;topghlhdJ tskhd tho;tpw;fhfTk;> FLk;g

eyDf;fhfTk; epfo;jj
; g;ngWfpd;wJ. ehs;NjhWk; fw;g+uk;
nfhSj;jpj; nja;tj;ij topgLtijAk;> nts;sp> nrt;tha;f;
fpoikfspy; topghL nra;tijAk; fhzKbfpwJ. mt;thW
Ntz;Ljy;fs; epiwNtwpa gpd; jtwhky; Neu;jj
; pf; flidr;
nrYj;JtijAk; fhzKbfpwJ. jd;Dila Ntz;Ljy;
fhuzkhfj; jpUtpohtpy; ghy;> japu;> re;jdk;> ,sePu; mgpNrfk;
nra;jy;> Njq;fha;> gok;> ntw;wpiyg; ghf;F itj;J topgLjy;>
g+khiy fl;br; rhw;Wjy; Nghd;w Ntz;Ljy;fisj; jdpepiy
topghl;by; fhz Kbfpd;wJ.

$l;L topghL

xU Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;ijr; Nru;ej

; kf;fs; midtUk;
xd;W$b topghL nra;tNj $l;L topghlhFk;. Fwpg;gpl;l
,dj;jtu;fSf;Fg; nghJthd nja;tq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

78
mt;tifapy; ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;bapy; cs;s kfhkhupak;kd;
nja;tj;ijf; nfhq;F Ntshsu; ,dkf;fs; kl;Lk; topgLfpd;wdu;.
NkYk; Ng.jhjk;gl;b kw;Wk; m&u; gFjpapy; cs;s jPg;gha;e;j
mk;kd; nja;tj;ijj; jho;j;jg;gl;l ,dkf;fs; kl;Lk;
topgLfpd;wdu;.

Nfhapy; topghL

ehNlhbfshf tho;e;j kdpju;fs; jq;fSf;nfd epiyahd

Xu; ,Ug;gplj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. jq;fs; ,Ug;gplq;fSf;F
mUfpNyNa jhq;fs; topgLk; nja;tq;fSf;Fk; ,Ug;gplj;ij
mikj;jdu;. mt;thW mikf;fg;gl;l mikg;Ng Nfhapy; vd
toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j tifapy; kioj;nja;tkhd khupak;kDf;F
twl;rpf; fhyq;fspy; kf;fs; midtUk; xd;whfr; Nru;eJ
;
nghq;fy; itj;J topgLfpd;wdu;. Cupy; nfhs;is Neha;fshd
fhyuh> the;jpNgjp Nghd;w Neha;fs; tug;ngw;why; midtUk;
Nru;eJ
; topgLfpd;wdu;. ,t;thW topglg;gLk; nja;ttopghL
Nfhapy;fspy; jpUtpohthf cUkhw;wk; mile;Js;sJ.

topghL - tpsf;fk;

goq;fhyk; Kjy; ,d;Wtiu kf;fs; nja;tq;fs; kPJ

kpFe;j ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdu;. mjd; fhuzkhfj;
nja;tq;fSf;F Nfhapy;fs; mikj;J topghLfs; elj;jp
tUfpd;wdu;. topghL vd;w nrhy; ,yf;fz E}yhd
njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; topgLnja;tk; vdf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. “topgL
Nthiu ty;mwp jPNa”25 topgLjy; vd;gJ nja;tj;ij topgl;L
elg;gl;ltu; vd;W GwehD}w;W tupfSf;F gp.vy;.rhkp tpsf;fk;
jUfpd;whu;.26

“topghL vd;Dk; nrhy; topgL vd;Dk; Ntu;r;nrhy;ypdpd;W

gpwe;jJ vd;W njhifafuhjpAk;> Muhjid> tzf;fk;> topghly;”
79
vdj;; jkpo;nkhop mfuhjpAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd vd;W gp.vy;. rhkp
jdJ E}ypy; tpsf;fpAs;shu;.27 vdNt topghL vd;gjw;Fj;
nja;tj;ij tzq;fp epw;wy; vd;Dk; nghJg;nghUs; nfhs;Sjy;
nghUj;jkhFk;.

topgL vDk; nrhy; Mo;e;j nghUis cs;slf;fpajhFk;

topghL vd;w nrhy;Yf;F topapw; nry;Yif top (Preseding on the
way), gpd;gw;Wif (Following), tzf;fk; (Reverence adoration),
g+rid (Worship) vdg; gy;NtW nghUs;fs; ,Ug;gij
; gufuhjp28 Rl;Lfpd;wJ.
jkpo;gN

mfuhjpfspd; topNa ,r;nrhy;ypw;Fupa nghUs;fshf

tzf;fk;> Nfhl;ghL> rkaf;Nfhl;ghL tof;fk; Mfpatw;iw mwpa
,aYfpwJ. NkYk; “topghL vd;gJ Xu; capu; jd; cau;Tf;fhfj;
jhNd nra;Ak; xUtif mwpTg;gapw;rp> cau;Tg;gapw;rp vd;w
fUj;Jk; ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. kf;fs; KO kdNjhL
gf;jpr;Rit epuk;gr; nra;Ak; nray;fs; ahTk; topghlhFk;”.29

ed;wp> gak;> cau;epiy Mfpait topghLfspd;

njhlf;fkhf mike;jJ vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;whf kdpj kdj;jpd;
gz;Gfspd; gupzhk tsu;r;rpNa topghl;L newpf;F tpj;jpl;lJ
vd;w fiyf;fsQ;rpa $w;iwf; fUjyhk;. Nfhapy;fspy; topghL
jilgLtjd; %yk; ehl;Lf;Fj; jPqF
; fs; Vw;gLtij>

“Kd;dtdhu; Nfhtpy; g+irfs; Kl;bd;

kd;d Uf;Fj; jpq;fs; thup tpsf;Fd;Wk;
fd;dk; fsT kpFe;jpLk; fhrpdp
30
vd;d ee;jp vLj;Jiuj;jhNd”
vd;Dk; jpUke;jpug; ghlybfs; %yk; jpU%yu; vLj;Jiug;gJ
,q;F ftdpf;fj;jf;fJ.

80
topghL gw;wp mwpQu;fs; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fs;

“topghL kdpjDila mr;r czu;r;rpapypUe;Jk;> Fw;w

czu;r;rpapypUe;Jk; cz;lhapUg;gjhf cstpay; mwpQu; rpf;kd;l;
gpuha;L fUJfpd;whu;”.31 kdpjd; ,t;Tyfj; Jd;gj;jpypUe;J
tpLjiy ngw;W ey;tho;T tho tpioe;jhd;. mjw;F
cWJizahf Xu; Mw;wy; Ntz;Lnkd vz;zpdhd;. flTs; vd;w
Mw;wNy gpwu;ju Kbahjij jdf;F mspf;Fnkdf; fUjp
mt;thw;wiy topgLfpd;whd; vd lhf;lu; r.fzgjpuhkd;
$Wfpd;whu;.32

rpWnja;t topghL Njhd;wf;fhuzk;

rpWnja;t topghlhdJ mr;rj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk;> md;gpd;

mbg;gilapYk; Njhd;wpapUf;ff; $Lk;. Nghupy; tPukuzk; mile;j
tPuDf;F my;yJ Kd;Ndhu;fs; kPJ khwhj md;G nfhz;l
fhuzj;jpdhy; mtu;fs; ,we;j gpwF mtu;fSf;fhf mtu;fs;
epidthf eLfy;iy itj;J topgLtu;. mt;thW “gz;ilaj;
jkpou;fsplk; epiyngw;wpUe;j eLfy; topghNl gpw;fhyj;jpy;
rpWnja;t topghlhf khwpaJ vdyhk;” vd;W Kidtu; ,uh.
re;jpuNrfud; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.33

rpWnja;tk; vd;w nrhy; Kjd;Kjypy; ehTf;furu;

Njthuj;jpy; gapd;W te;Js;sij “nrd;W ehk; rpWnja;tk;
Nru;Nthk; my;Nyhk;” vd;w $w;wpypUe;J mwpa KbfpwJ.34 “eypTW
rpWnja;tk;” vd;W rpWnja;tj;ijg; gw;wp ,uhkypq;fu;
$w;wpypUe;Jk; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.35

ngUe;nja;tj;ij tzq;f tha;gG

; ,y;yhj kf;fs;
topghl;bw;fhfj; jhk; tpUk;gpa Neuj;jpy; tpUk;gpa ,lj;jpy;
nja;tj;jpd; FwpaPLfis mikj;J topgl;ldu;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l
gFjpapy; cs;s kf;fs; kl;LNk topgLk; nja;tk; ehl;Lg;Gwr;
81
rpWnja;tk; vdg;gLfpwJ.36 mg;gFjp kf;fs; topgLk; nja;tj;ij
kw;w gFjpfspy; cs;s kf;fs; topgLtJ ,y;iy. mt;tifapy;
topglg;gLk; nja;tq;fisr; rpWnja;tq;fs; vd;W miog;gu;.37

rpWnja;t topghl;bid Kd;Ndhu; gpwg;G> ,wg;ig

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tiuaiwaw;w topghl;bidf;
nfhz;bUe;jdu;. kdpj kdj;jpw;F vg;NghJk; Xu; gw;W
Njitahdjhf mikfpd;wJ.

xU kdpjd; jdpahf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mtDf;fhd

(jdpkdpjDf;fhd) Njit vd;gJ kpff;FiwT. mr;r%fj;jpy;
mtDila Kf;fpa Ntiyahf czT Nrfupj;jYk;>
(Ntl;ilahLjy;) gfpu;jYk; MFk;. mf;FOr;r%fj;jpy; mtd;
,Uf;ff;$ba ,lKk; #oYk; Gjpa rpe;jidfs; Njhd;w toptif
nra;fpd;wd.

jd;Dila epfo;Tfis> vz;zq;fis ntspg;gLj;jTk;>

gpwNuhL gfpu;eJ
; nfhs;s Kbahj epfo;Tfis ntspg;gLj;jTk;
Xu; ,lk; Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb ntspg;gLj;jpdhy; mjid
kw;wtu;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;jhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjd;
fhuzkhfj; Njhd;wpaJjhd; rpWnja;t topghlhFk;.

jd;Dila epiw> Fiwfis nja;tj;jplk; $w

Ntz;bajhapw;W. me;j ntspg;ghl;bd; %yk; nja;tj;jplk;
,itnay;yhk; Ntz;Lk;> mjid vdf;F nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,j;jifa epfo;Tfs; epfo Ntz;Lk; vd;nwy;yhk; topgLk;
tof;fj;jpidg; goe;jkpou; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. me;j kugpd;
njhlu;r;rpahf mt;itahu;>

“ghYk; njspNjDk; ghFk; gUg;Gkpit

ehYk; fye;Jdf;F ehd;jUNtd; - Nfhyk; nra;
Jq;ff; fupKfj;J JhkzpNa ePvdf;F
82
 rq;fj; jkpo; %d;Wk; jh”38
vd;w ghlybfs; %yk; nja;tj;jplk; Ntz;bAs;sij mwpa
Kbfpd;wJ.

,t;thW rpWnja;tj;jplk; topgLk;NghJ ,d;dpd;d vdf;F

Ntz;Lk; vd;W Neupilahf Nfl;fg;gLfpwJ. mg;NghJ epfo;e;j
epfo;Tfs; VJk; ,y;iynad;whYk; Ntz;bf;nfhz;ltupd; kdjpy;
mOj;jp itf;fg;gl;bUe;j epfo;Tfs; midj;Jk; rpWnja;tj;jpd;
Kd; nfhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

mjd; %yk; kdjpy; cs;s ghuk; ,wf;fg;gl;L „kdk;‟

Nyrhfpd;wJ. vd;Dila Fiwfs; midj;Jk; vd; nja;tk;
ghu;jJ
; f;nfhs;Sk; vd;w ek;gpf;if cz;lhfpd;wJ. ,j;jifa
epfo;Tfs; rpWnja;tj;jplk; kl;LNk epfo;fpd;wd

“xU gpur;ridapy; ,Ue;J eP tpLtpf;fg;gl;L> ntspNa

tuNtz;Lkhdhy;> gpur;ridia Nahrpj;Jj; jPuf
; ;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb
,y;iynad;why; me;jg; gpur;ridia ahuplkhtJ gfpu;eJ
;
nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb epfo;e;jhy; jhd; mLj;j epfo;it
Nehf;fp efu ,aYk;” vd;W cstpay; mwpQu; /g;uha;L $Wtjhf
jp.F. ,utpr;re;jpud; $Wfpd;whu;.39

rpWnja;tk; vd;gJ ekf;Fk; nja;tj;jpw;Fk; ,ilntsp

,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;gij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
ehk; vijg; NgRfpd;NwhNkh mJ mj;nja;tj;jpw;F Nfl;f
Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gyidj; nja;tk; vdf;Fj; jUk; vd;w xj;jirT>
xj;jjpu;T ,Ug;gij czu;eJ
; topgl;Ls;sdu;.

rpWnja;tq;fspd; tiffSk; topghl;L kuGfSk;

rpWnja;t topghlhdJ Kd;Ndhu; top ek;gpf;ifNahL

topgl;L tUtjhFk;. jdf;F cjtpnra;j> cjtpnra;Ak; ,aw;if>

83
kdpju;fs;> Kd;Ndhu;fs; kw;Wk; fz;Zf;Fg; Gyg;glhj rf;jp
Kjyhdtw;iwj; jUkGup khtl;l kf;fs; nja;tq;fhshf
topgLfpd;wdu;. me;j tifapy; jUkGup khtl;l kf;fs; topgLk;
rpWnja;tq;fs; gw;wpAk; mtw;wpd; topghl;L kuGfs; gw;wpAk;
fhzyhk;.

jUkGup khtl;lr; rpWnja;tq;fs; Mz; nja;tq;fs;> ngz;

nja;tq;fs; vd ,uz;L tifahf mike;Js;sd.

rpWnja;tq;fs;

Mz; nja;tq;fs;;; ngz; nja;tq;fs;

Ntbag;gd; Kdpag;gd; khhpak;kd; fhspak;kd;

tPugj;jpud; nts;isag;gd; gr;irak;kd; fq;ifak;kd;

Nghj;JtPud; tPufhuKdp jpnusgjpak;kd; ehfk;khs;

fhzpak;kd; nghd;dpak;kd;;

ngz; nja;tq;fs;

ngz;nja;tq;fs; Cupd; eLg;gFjpapYk;> Cupid xl;bAs;s

gFjpfspYk; mike;Js;sd. ,j;nja;tq;fs; tsikj;
nja;tq;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd. ekf;F cjtpahfg; gad;
jUtjhf ,Ug;gdtw;iw topgLtJ ek;Kila gz;ghlhf
cs;sJ. me;j tifapy; ngz;zhdts;; jhahf> kidtpahf>
kfshf> rNfhjupahf vd midj;J epiyfspYk;
Nghw;wg;gLtjhy; mtisj;; nja;tkhf tzq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.

ngz;izg; Nghw;Wk; tpjkhf jha;ehL> jha;kz; vdTk;>

MWfSf;F thzpahW> nghd;dpahW> fhtpupahW vdTk; ngau;

84
itj;Js;sdu;. ,itfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ghu;f;Fk;
NghJ jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; khupak;kd;> fhspak;kd;> gr;irak;kd;>
nry;ypak;kd;> nghd;dpak;kd;> jpnusgjpak;kd;> fhzpak;kd;
ehfk;khs; Nghd;w ngz; nja;tq;fis mjpf mstpy;
fhzKbfpd;wJ.

ngz; nja;tq;fspy; rpy gyp ngwhjitahf> gypia

ngw;Wj;jUgitahf cs;sd. me;j tifapy; gr;irak;kd;
vd;Dk; nja;tk; gypia jd;Dila rNfhjuu;fshd KdpfSf;F
ngw;Wj;jUfpd;wJ. mj;nja;tj;jpd; fhtyhfTk;> Vty;fisr;
nra;aTk; Mz; nja;tj;ij (Kdpag;gd;fis) itj;jpUg;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

khupak;kd; topghL

khup vd;why; kioiaAk;> khupak;kidAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.40

kioahdJ ey;ytu;> jPatu; vdg; Ngjkpd;wp nghopAk; jd;ik
cilaJ. mJNghy fUiziag; nghopgts; khupak;kd;. jUkGup
khtl;lj;jpy; ,j;nja;t topghL gy fpuhkq;fspy; rpwpJk;>
ngupJkhf cs;sd. mtw;Ws; gy nja;tq;fs; mt;t+u; kf;fisf;
fhj;JtUtjhf tuyhW. ,j;nja;tq;fis me;je;jf; fpuhk kf;fs;
gpujhd nja;tkhf topgLfpd;wdu;.

khupak;kd; Nfhapy;fs; fpuhkq;fspy; vq;F ghu;jj

; hYk;
epiwe;jpUf;Fk;. khupak;kd; Nfhapy; ,y;yhj CNu ,y;iy
vdyhk;. rpy ,lq;fspy; Gw;Wk;> Ntg;gkuKk; nja;tkhf cs;sd.
,k;khtl;lj;jpy; goq;fhyj;jpypUe;Nj khupak;kd; topghL
tof;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. ,j;nja;t topghl;bidr; rq;f
,yf;fpaj;jpy; „nfhw;wit‟>41 „mzq;F‟42 Kjypa ngau;fshy;
topgl;Ls;sdu;.

85
 kf;fs; $l;lkhf thOk; xt;nthU fpuhkj;jpw;Fk;> fpuhkj;
nja;tq;fs; cs;sd. mj;nja;tq;fs; fpuhk kf;fspd;
eyDf;fhfTk;> ed;ikf;fhfTk; mike;Js;sd. mt;thW
mike;Js;s khupak;kd; nja;tj;ijj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;j topgl;L
gypisAk; nfhLf;fpd;wdu;. Ik;ngUk; g+jq;fSk; Ie;J jiy
ehfkhff; Fil gpbj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

khupak;kdpd; iffspy; #yk;> cLf;if> ths;>

nghw;fpz;zk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhz;Ls;s nja;tj;ij topgl;lhy;
ed;ik cz;lhFk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdu;. “khupak;kd; vd;w nja;tk;
mk;ik Nehia cz;L gz;Zgts;> kioiaj; jUgts; vd;w
fUj;J ,e;jpah KOJk; epytp tUfpd;wJ” vd;W gp.vy;. rhkp
$wpAs;shu;.43

khupak;kdpd; rpdj;jhy; mk;ik Neha; guTfpd;wJ vd;w

fUj;J ,e;j khtl;l kf;fspilNa gutyhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mk;kdpd; rpdk; jdpa gr;ruprpkhT> nty;yk;> ,sePu;> kQ;rs;>
Ntg;ge;jiy itj;J topgLfpd;wdu;. mk;ikNeha; ,wq;fpaTld;
khup kdkpwq;fptpl;lhs; vd epidj;J Neu;jj
; pf; flidr;
nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;.

mk;kdpd; rPw;wj;jhy; mk;ik> fhyuh> the;jpNgjp Nghd;w

Neha;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. mk;kid topgLtjd; %yk; mjidj;
jLf;f KbAk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdu;. NkYk; clYWg;Gfs; Neha;
tha;gg
; l;lhy; me;j clYWg;Gfis cUtkhfr; nra;J itj;J
; p milfpd;wJ.44
topgLfpd;wdu;. mjd; %yk; me;Neha; eptu;jj

topghl;L Kiwfs;

jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s khupak;kd; topghL gutyhff;

fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,j;nja;tkhdJ Cupd; eLg;Gwj;Nj mike;J Cu;
kf;fis Neha;nehbapypUe;J fhf;Fk; nja;tkhf cs;sJ.

86
,j;nja;tk;; iffspy; Nty;> <l;b Nghd;w MAjq;fisj; jhq;fp
mku;ej
; epiyapy; cs;sJ. ,j;nja;tk; Cupy; cs;stu;fSf;F
Fynja;tkhf cs;sJ. ,j;nja;tj;jpw;F ehs; topghLk;> thu
topghLk; eilngWfpd;wJ.

khupak;kd; Nfhapy;fspy; kpfg;ngupa mstpy; NfhGuq;fs;

mikf;fg;gl;L mf;Nfhapy;fspy;> g+rhupfs; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
mtu;fs; mf;Nfhapy;fspy; ehs; g+irAk;> thu g+irAk; nra;J
topgLfpd;wdu;. kw;w rpwpa mstpyhd Nfhapy;fspy; g+rhupfs;
epakpf;fg;gltpy;iy. topghl;bw;F tUfpd;wtu;fNs g+iriar;
nra;J topgl;Lr; nry;fpd;wdu;. ,f;Nfhapy;fspy; jpUtpohf;
fhyq;fspy; kl;Lk; g+rhupfs; epakpf;fg;gl;L g+irfis
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

topghl;bd; NghJ khupak;kDf;Fg; nghq;fy;> g+> gok;>

ntw;wpiy> fw;g+uk; Nghd;w g+irnghUl;fisf; itj;J
topgLfpd;wdu;. ,j;nja;tq;fSf;Fr; nrt;tha; kw;Wk;
nts;spf;fpoikfspy; thu topghL eilngWfpd;wJ. ,e;ehl;fspy;
ngz;fs; mjpfkhf topghl;by; fye;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

NkYk; ghy;> japu;> nea;> vz;nza;> ,sePu;> re;jdk;

Nghd;witfisf; nfhz;L mgpNrfk; nra;J topgLfpd;wdu;. thu
topghl;bd; NghJ ngz;fs; nrt;tha; kw;Wk; nts;spf;
fpoikfspy; tpsf;Nfw;wp> jPghuhjid nra;J topgLfpd;wdu;.

khj topghL

mjpfhug;gl;b> m&u;> flj;J}u;> xl;lg;gl;b> ,z;^u; Nghd;w

Cu;fspy; khjtopghL rpwg;ghf eilngWfpd;wJ. ,t;topghL
mkhthir jpdq;fspy; rpwg;Gg; g+irahfr; nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
me;ehl;fspy; jpUePW ke;jpupj;Jj;jUjy;> mUs;thf;Fr; nrhy;Yjy;>

87
jPuhjNeha;fs; ePqf
; topnra;jy; Nghd;w epfo;TfSld;
md;djhdKk; eilngWfpd;wd.

,t;topghl;by; fye;J nfhs;gtu;fSf;F mk;kd; vg;NghJk;

JizapUg;ghs; vd;w ek;gpf;if kf;fspilNa cs;sJ.45
,g;g+irapd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhf midtUk; xw;Wikahf thoTk;>
,y;yk; kw;Wk; Cu;kf;fs; eyk; ngwTk; g+irfs; elj;Jfpd;wdu;.

NkYk; mkhthir ngsu;zkp ehl;fspy; mk;kd; kpfTk;

rpwg;ghd myq;fhuk; nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. gy mzpfyd;fis
mzpe;Jk;> gl;Lj;Jzpfis cLj;jpAk;> kyu; kw;Wk;
kyu;khiyfisf; nfhz;Lk;> jq;ff;fpuPlk; mzpag;gl;Lk;
fhl;rpaspg;ghs;.46

g+rhupfs;

khupak;kDf;Fg; g+ir nra;gtu;fs; ngUk;ghYk; td;dpau;

,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fshf cs;sdu;. rpy ,lq;fspy; ,Usu;
,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fSk; cs;sdu;. ,Ug;gpDk; khupak;kd;
Nfhapy; mike;Js;s ,lj;jpy; cs;s ,dkf;fNs g+ir
nra;gtu;fshf cs;sdu;. ,tu;fs; Nfhapypy; g+ir nra;Ak; NghJ
fhtpepw Milfis mzpe;J g+irfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

fhzpak;kd; - topghL

fhzpak;kd; NfhapyhdJ ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;b tl;lk;

,Usg;gl;b gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ. “,j;nja;tk; Rak;ghfj;
Njhd;wp> Mjpthrpahd ,Usdpd; fz;zpy; njd;gl;Lj; jpBnudf;
fhl;rp nfhLj;jjhy;> mtd; mUs;thf;F %yk; mk;kd; jd;
Rarupjj;ijiag; gyUk; mwpAk; tifapy; $wpAs;sJ. mJ
rkak; thdpNy gukrptDk; ghu;tjpAk; Njhd;wp mUs;ghypj;J
,dptUk; fhyq;fspy; ,k;kz;Zyfpy; kf;fSf;F fhzpak;kdhf>

88
topgLk; nja;tkhf mUs;ghypf;Fk;” vd;w nrtptopr; nra;jp
$wg;gLfpwJ.47

,Usg;gl;bf;F tlf;Nf jpUg;gj;J}iur; Nru;ej

; fhd;rhfpG>
kjhuz`s;spgPgp vd;w jk;gjpapdu; njw;Nf cs;s Nryj;ij
Nehf;fpg; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. mg;NghJ ahidapd; tapw;wpy;
njhl;by; fl;b Foe;ijia mjpy; Nghl;Ltpl;L ahid kPJ
Nghlg;gl;bUe;j mk;ghupapd; kPJ fztd; kidtp ,UtUk;;
mku;eJ
; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. ,Usg;gl;b mUNf tUk;NghJ
Foe;ij Neha;tha;g;gl;L ,we;J tplNt> mUfpy; cs;s %q;fpy;
Gjupy; Gijj;Jr; nrd;wdu;. mt;tplk; Nrhiytdkhf khwpaJ.

me;jf;fhl;by; ,UsDk; ,Usr;rpAk; fhl;Lts;spf;fpoq;F

Njhz;l mt;topNa nry;fpd;wdu;. Foe;ij Gijj;j ,lj;jpy;
ngupa fhl;Lts;spf; fpoq;Fr; nrb fhzg;gl;lJ. ,Usd;
mf;fpoq;ifj; Njhz;baNghJ fpoq;fpd; kPJ fhak; Vw;gl;L
,uj;jk; gPwpl;L te;jijf; fz;L> me;j ,uj;jj;ijg; ghu;jj
; NghJ
Foe;ijapd; Kfk; njupe;Js;sJ. mf;Foe;ij ele;j
epfo;r;rpfisf; $wp> ,t;tplj;jpy; vdf;F xU Nfhapy; mikj;J
g+rpj;jhy; ey;yJ elf;Fk; vd;W nrhy;yp kiwe;jjhfr; nrtptopr;
nra;jp xd;W cs;sJ.48

fhd; mk;kd; vd;gJjhd; fhzpak;kdhf khwpajhfTk;> ,J

Xu; ,];yhk; ngz;izf; Fwpg;gjhfTk;> thzpak;ghbapy; ,Ue;J
te;jjhTk; kw;nwhU fUj;J cz;L. Mdhy; ,J
,];yhkpau;fshy; nfhz;lhlg;gLtjpy;iy.

fhzpak;kd; jpUtpoh

fhzpak;kDf;Fj; jpUtpoh nra;jhy; fhiyapy; GJ

nts;sk; tUk;> me;j ePupy;jhd;> nghq;fy; itg;ghu;fs; vd;w
IjPfk; cs;sjhf $Wfpd;wdu;.49 ,j;nja;tj;jpw;F Mz;bw;F

89
xUKiw tpoh nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;. ,jidf; Fynja;tkhf
tzq;Ffpd;w kf;fs; mj;nja;tj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s
fpuhkq;fspy; tho;fpd;wdu;. ,f;NfhapYf;F midj;Jr; rhjp
kf;fSk; tUfpd;wdu;. g+ir nra;gtu;fshf ,Usu; ,dj;jtNu
cs;sdu;.

fhzpak;kd; NfhtpYf;Fj; njw;Nf kQ;rthbf; fztha;

Kjy; tlf;Nf mDkd; jPuj
; j
; k;> ngz;izahW tiuapYk;>
fpof;Nf rpj;Njup kiyf;fpuhkk; Kjy; Nkw;Nf nkhug;g+u;> nghk;kpb>
flj;J}u; tiuapYk; Fbgilfs; cs;shu;fs;. Fwpg;ghf nkzrp>
g+jej;jk;> njd;fiuf;Nfhl;il> kUf;fhsk;gl;b> mk;khghisak;>
mjpfhug;gl;b> ntq;flrKj;jpuk;> NkhisahD}u;> ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;b
Mfpa Cu;fspy; thOk; gyjug;gl;l kf;fs; ,f;NfhapYf;F
Fbg;gilfshf cs;sdu;.

fhzpak;kDf;Fg; gy Cu;fspy; gf;ju;fs; ,Ug;gjhy;

Mz;LNjhWk;; Mtzpj; jpq;fspy; eilngWk; Nju;jj
; pUtpohTf;Fg;
gy ,yl;rk; kf;fs; $b topghL nra;fpd;wdu;.

fhzpak;kd; topghl;L Kiwfs;

fhzpak;kd; nja;tj;jpw;F epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,Usu; ,d

g+rhupfs; ehs;NjhWk; g+ir nra;fpd;wdu;. mg;nghOJ kf;fspd;
tUiff;Nfw;g fhiy vl;L kzp Kjy; khiy MW kzptiu
g+ir nra;fpd;wdu;. ,J kl;Lky;yhky; thue;NjhWk; nrt;tha;
kw;Wk; nts;spf;fpoikfspy;> kf;fspd; Ntz;Ljy; fhuzkhfg;
nghq;fy; itj;J topgLfpd;wdu;.50

khje;NjhWk; mkhthir kw;Wk; ngsu;zkp ehl;fspy;

fhzpak;kDf;Fr; rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; topghL nra;fpd;wdu;.
midj;J ehl;fspYk; kf;fs; jq;fspd; Ntz;Ljy;fis

90
itf;fpd;wdu;. nts;spf;fpoik ehl;;fspy; rpwg;G g+irAk;> g+
thf;F Nfl;ly; epfo;Tk; eilngWfpd;wd.51

topghl;bw;Fz;lhd nghUl;fshfj; Njq;fha;. thiog;gok;>

gj;jp> #lk;> rhk;gpuhzp> kQ;rs;fapW> g+> Fq;Fkk;> vYkpr;rk;gok;
Nghd;w nghUl;fisAk;> mgpNrfk; nra;gtu;fs; ghy;> thiog;gok;>
Njd;> nea;> re;jdk;> ,sePu;> gd;duP ;. japu;> kQ;rs; ePu; Nghd;w
nghUl;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.52

NkYk; mkhthir ehl;;fspy; jPa Mtpfis tpul;Lk;

epfo;thf „NgNahl;Ljy;‟ epfo;fpd;wJ. jPaMtpfs; gpbj;Js;s
xUtu; Nfhapypd; vy;iyf;Fs; tUk;nghOJ jhdhfNt Ml
Muk;gpf;fpd;whu;. mg;nghOJ Nfhapy; g+rhupfs; te;jpUg;gJ
rhkpah!> Ngah! vd ,dk; fhz;;fpd;whu;. ,dk; fz;lgpd;> rhkpahf
,Ue;jhy; mUs;thf;F Nfl;fpd;wdu;. Ngahf ,Ue;jhy; Kbiag;
gpbj;J Kbe;J tpLfpd;wdu;. mjd; fhuzkhfg; NgahdJ jg;gpf;f
,ayhky; fl;lg;gLfpwJ. mkhthir jpdq;fspy; me;j
jParf;jpiag; Nga; gpbj;jtuplk; ,Ue;J gpupj;J Gspa kuj;jpy;
fl;Lfpd;wdu;. ,t;thW jPa rf;jpfis tpul;Lk; topghL
eilngWfpd;wJ.53

kf;fs; Ntz;Ljy; fhuzkhf NfhapYf;Fg; nghUshfNth>

gzkhfNth nfhLf;fpd;wdu;. mk;kdpd; MAjkhf cs;s Nty;>
<l;b Nghd;witfisAk; nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;. fhzpf;if nrYj;JtJ
mtutu; trjpf;Nfw;g nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;. gypnfhLj;jy; epfo;thdJ
Nju;jj
; pUtpohtpd; NghJ> NjUf;Fk;> Kdpag;gDf;Fk; kl;Lk;
nfhLf;fpd;wdu;. kw;w ehl;;fspy; Kdpag;gDf;F kl;Lk;
gypnfhLj;J topgLfpd;wdu;.

jpUtpohtpd; NghJ g+r;rhl;Ljy;> gy;yf;F cw;rtk;>

thzNtbf;if> jpUf;fy;ahzk;> Vzpg;ge;jk;> njUf;$j;J> ehlfk;>

91
ieahz;bNksk;> Nju;jj
; pUtpoh> vUJtpLk; tpoh> jahy;fy; kiy
Rw;wp Kdp gpbf;Fk; jpUtpoh> fhzpak;kd; kQ;rs; ePuhl;L tpoh>
Nghd;w tpoh epfo;r;rpfs; eilngWfpd;wd.

Nju;jj
; pUtpohtpd; NghJ> ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;
jiyikapy;> khtl;l Ml;rpj;jiytu;> khtl;l fhty;Jiw
fz;fhzpg;ghsu;> ,iz Mizau;> ,e;J rka mwepiyaj;Jiw
mYtyu; kw;Wk; tpohf;FOj; jiytu;fs;> cWg;gpdu;fs;
Nghd;Nwhu; topghl;by; fye;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

ehfNjtij topghL

jUkGup khtl;lk; KotJk; ehfk;kh> ehf Njtij vd;w

ngau;fspy; topghL eilngWfpd;wJ. ,j;nja;t topghL
gpwnja;tq;fSld; ,ize;j epiyapYk;> jdpj;j epiyapYk;
topglg;gLfpd;wJ. “ghk;ngd;why; gilAk; eLq;Fk;”54 vd;w
gonkhopf;Nfw;gg; ghk;igf; fz;L mQ;rpa kf;fs;> ghk;Gg;
Gw;iwAk;> Gw;wpd; mUfpy; ghk;gpd; tbtj;ijf; fy;ypy; tbj;Jk;
topgLfpd;wdu;. ,aw;ifiag; ngz;fNshL njhlu;Gg;gLj;Jk;
tof;fj;jhy; ehfk; (ghk;G) ngz; nja;tkhf topglg;gLfpwJ.

ehf topghl;il midj;J ,dkf;fSk; topgLfpd;wdu;.

,Ug;gpDk; ,j;nja;tj;ij ve;j ,dj;jtUk; Fynja;tkhf
topgLtjpy;iy. ehfNjtijia kw;w nja;tq;fspd;
jpUtpohf;fspd; NghJk;> kw;w ehl;fspy; jdpj;j epiyapYk;
topgLfpd;wdu;. jdpj;j epiyapy; cs;s ehfk;kh Nfhapy;fspy;
jdpahf g+rhupfNsh> jpUtpohf;fNsh fhzg;gLtjpy;iy.

mk;khthir kw;Wk; Kf;fpa ehl;fspy; Ntz;Ljy;

fhuzkhf ,k;khtl;l kf;fs; mtutu; tpUg;gj;jpw;F Vw;w
tifapy; nghq;fy; itj;J Nrty; gypnfhLj;J> Nfhop

92
Kl;ilfisg; gilayhfg; gilj;J topgLfpd;wdu;. ,t;topghL
Gw;W cs;s ,lq;fspy; kl;LNk eilngWfpd;wJ.

Nfhapy;fspy; fw;g+uk;> thiog;gok;> CJtj;jp> G+>

ntw;wpiy> Njq;fha; Nghd;w g+irg; nghUl;fSld; topghl;bid
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. Gw;W cs;s ,lq;fspy; gilay; itj;Jg; gyp
nfhLj;J topgLk; topghl;il „ehfu;nra;jy;‟ vd;W jUkGup
khtl;l kf;fs; toq;Ffpd;wdu;.55

,t;topghl;bidf; NfhapYf;Fr; nrd;Wjhd; topglNtz;Lk;

vd;wpy;yhky;> jq;fspd; tPLfSf;F mUfpy; my;yJ Mw;wq;fiu
Xuk;> rhiyNahuk;> kiyabthuk; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; cs;s
Gw;Wfsplk; nrd;W topgLfpd;wdu;. ,t;thW topgLtjhy; jq;fs;
FLk;gj;jpdUf;Fg; ghk;Gfshy; vt;tpj Jd;gKk; epfohJ vd;w
ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdu;.

“ghk;ig topgLtjhy; njhONeha;> kyl;Lj;jd;ik>

FUl;Lj;jd;ik tuhJ. epidj;jJ epiwNtWk;> Neha;tha;g;gl;lhy;
Neha; ePqf
; g;ngWtu;> Foe;ijg;NgW ,y;yhNjhu; Foe;ijg;NgW
ngWtu; vd;gjid kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.” 56

NkYk; ghk;G Foe;ijg; Ngw;Wld; njhlu;Gilajhff;

$wg;gLfpd;wJ. jpUkzkhd ngz; fdtpy; ghk;G nfhj;Jtijg;
Nghy; fdT fz;lhy; tpiutpy; fUTWths; vd;W kf;fs;
ek;Gfpd;wdu;.

fhspak;kd; topghL

mUs;kpF td kfhfhspak;kd; nja;tk; ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;b

tl;lj;jpYs;s Gl;bnul;bg;gl;b fpuhkj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.
,j;nja;tk; ,t;t+upd; fhty; nja;tkhfTk;> vy;iyj;
nja;tkhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

93
 ,j;nja;tk; mku;ej
; epiyapy; ifapy; MAjj;Jld;
gaKWj;Jk; Kf mikg;igf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. td;dpa Fyj;ijr;
rhu;ej
; rpyUf;F kl;Lk; ,j;nja;tk; Fynja;tkhf cs;sJ.
,t;tpdj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fs; ve;j xU njhopiyAk;>
ew;fhupaq;fisAk; nra;tjhf ,Ue;jhYk; Fynja;tkhfpa
57
fhspak;kid topgl;Nl njhlq;Ffpd;wdu;.

,t;t+upy; cs;s ,j;nja;tj;jpw;F nts;sp kw;Wk;

nrt;tha;f;fpoikfspy; topghL eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ.
,j;nja;tj;jpd; g+rhupahf td;dpa Fyj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fs;
cs;sdu;. mtu;fs; ehs;NjhWk; rhkpiar; Rj;jk; nra;Jg;
g+irfisr; nra;tu;. kf;fs; nfhz;LtUk; Njq;fha;> g+> gok;
Nghd;w nghUl;fisg; gilj;J topghl;bidr; nra;tu;.

,j;nja;tj;jpw;F thutopghLk; eilngWfpd;wJ.

Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; g+ir nra;J topgLtu;. mt;topghl;by;
Neu;jj
; pf;fldhfg; gypnfhLj;jy; Kf;fpa mq;fkhf mikfpd;wJ.
me;j Neu;jj
; pf;flid kf;fs; Ntz;Ljy; fhuzkhfj; jq;fspd;
nghUshjhu epiyf;F Vw;wthW fhzpf;if nra;fpd;wdu;.58

,q;Fs;s fhspak;kd; nja;tj;jpw;F khrp khjk;

jpUtpohTk;> xt;nthU mkhthir ehl;fspYk;; rpwg;Gg; g+irfSk;
eilngWfpd;wd. mg;g+irapd; NghJ Kf;fpa epfo;thf ,uT
Neuj;jpy; jPa Mtpfis tpul;Lk; (NgNahl;Lk;) epfo;T
eilngWfpd;wJ.

gfypy; kf;fs; Ntz;Ljy; fhuzkhfg; nghq;fy; itj;Jg;

gypnfhLg;gu;. gypnfhLf;Fk; tpyq;fpdkhf ML> Nrty;> vUik
cs;sd. vUikf;fplh gypapLjy; jpUtpohtpd; NghJ kl;LNk
eilngWfpd;wJ. kw;w ehl;fspy; vUikf;fplh gyp

94
nfhLg;gjpy;iy.59 jpUtpohtpd; NghJk;> mkhthir ehl;fspYk;
Nfhapy; rhu;ghf gf;ju;fSf;F md;djhdk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

jpUtpohtpy; g+r;rhl;Ljy;> nfhbkuk; eLjy;> khtpsf;F

vLj;jy;> Kisg;ghup vLj;jy;> gypnfhLj;jy;> jP kpjpj;jy; Nghd;w
epfo;Tfs; Fiwe;jJ %d;W ehl;fshtJ eilngWfpd;wd.

Gl;bnul;bg;gl;bapy; cs;s fhspak;kd; topghl;L Kiwfs;

mjpfhug;gl;b fpuhkj;jpYk;> xlry;gl;b $l;NuhbYk;> ,z;^u;
gFjpfspy; cs;s fhspak;kd; Nfhapy;fspYk; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
,Ug;gpDk; jpUtpohthdJ mt;t+upy; cs;s kf;fspd; trjpf;Nfw;g
rpj;jpiu> itfhrp> khrp Nghd;w khjq;fspy; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ.

jUkGup khtl;lj;jpYs;s fhspak;kd; Nfhapy;fspy; Kf;fpa

mq;fkhfg; gypapLjy; cs;sJ. tUlj;jpy; xUKiwahtJ
my;yJ jpUtpohtpd; NghJ vUikf;fplh gypnfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
mg;NghJ jhd; fhspNjtpapd; Mf;Nuhrk; FiwtjhfTk; ,k;khtl;l
kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdu;.60 kw;w ehl;fspy; Ml;Lf;fplha;> Nrty; Nghd;w
capupdq;fisg; gypnfhLf;fpd;wdu;.

fhspak;kd; nja;tk; mike;Js;s Cu;> ,lk;

Nghd;wtw;wpw;Nfw;g ngaUk;> mj;nja;tk; cs;s Cupy; trpf;Fk;
r%f kf;fSf;Ff; Fynja;tkhfTk;> fhty; nja;tkhfTk;
mikfpd;wJ. ,j;nja;tj;ij midj;Jr; r%f kf;fSk;
topgLfpd;wdu;. ,Ug;gpDk; jho;j;jg;gl;l ,dkf;fs; trpf;Fk;
gFjpfspy; cs;s fhspak;kd; NfhapYf;F kw;w ,dkf;fs;
nry;tjpy;iy.

jpnusgjpak;kd; topghL

kfhghujj;jpd; fij ehafpahfTk;> gQ;rghz;ltu;fs;

ItUf;Fk; kidtpahfTk; tUk; ghQ;rhypNa jpnusgjpak;kdhf
tzq;fg;gLfpd;whs;. jpnusgjpf;F Vw;gl;l ,d;dy;fSk;> mtsJ
95
rgjKk; kf;fspilNa Vw;gLj;jpa czu;r;rpapd; tpisthfNt
,j;nja;t topghL Njhd;wpaJ vdyhk;.

,j;nja;t topghL jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; jpnusgjpak;kd;>

JNuhgjpak;kd; vd;w ngau;fspy; tzq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,z;^u;>
jUkGup> xl;lg;gl;b> mk;khghisak;> fTz;lk;gl;b> m&u;>
fk;igey;Y}u; Nghd;w Cu;fspy; ,j;nja;tj;ij topgLfpd;wdu;.

,k;khtl;lj;jpy; ,j;nja;tj;ij midj;J ,dkf;fSk;

topgLfpd;wdu;. jho;j;jg;gl;l ,dkf;fs; kl;Lk; Nfhapypd; cs;Ns
nrd;W topgLtjpy;iy. Fwpg;gpl;l ,ilntspf;F mg;ghy; epd;W
topgl;Lr; nry;fpd;wdu;. jpnusgjpak;kidg; ngUk;ghYk; td;dpau;
,dkf;fNs Fynja;tkhf tzq;Ffpd;wdu;. ,j;nja;t
Nfhapy;fspy; td;dpau; ,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fNs g+rhupfshf
cs;sdu;.

fTz;lk;gl;bf; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s jpnusgjpak;kd;

Nfhapypy; ehs; topghLk;> thu topghLk; eilngWfpd;wJ. NkYk;
mkhthir ehl;fspy; rpwg;Gg; g+irAk; eilngWfpd;wJ. ehs;
topghl;bd; NghJ NfhapYf;nfd;W epakpf;fg;gl;l g+rhupfs;
Nfhapiyr; Rj;jk; nra;J g+> gok;> ntw;wpiy> Njq;fha;> fw;g+uk;>
CJtj;jp Nghd;w g+irg;nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L g+ir
nra;fpd;wdu;.

nts;spf;fpoikfspy; nghq;fy; itj;Jg; gilaypl;L

topghL nra;fpd;wdu;. kf;fs; Ntz;Ljy; fhuzkhf midj;J
ehl;fspYk; (jq;fSf;F tpUg;gg;gl;l ehl;fspy;) nghq;fy; itj;J>
gilj;J topgl;Lr; nry;fpd;wdu;. ,f;Nfhapy;fspy;
jpnusgjpak;kDf;Fr; irtg;gilay; gilj;Nj topgLfpd;wdu;.

jpnusgjpak;kdpd; fhty; nja;tkhf> Vty; nja;tkhf

,Uf;Fk; Nghj;JtPuDf;Nf ,uj;jg;gyp nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

96
gypnfhLf;Fk; capupdk; ML> Nrty; Nghd;witahFk;.
nts;spf;fpoik kw;Wk; Qhapw;Wf;fpoik eilngWk; g+irapd;
NghJ Nghj;JtPuDf;F ,uj;jg;gyp nfhLj;Nj topglg;gLfpd;wJ.

,f;Nfhapypy; rpwg;ghfg; NgNahl;Lk; epfo;T

eilngWfpd;wJ. vt;tifahd jPa rf;jpahf ,Ue;jhYk;
tpul;lg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; gpy;yp> #dpak; Nghd;w Vty;fshy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fis tpLtpf;Fk; epfo;thf fl;L mtpo;j;jy;>
mj;jPa rf;jpfs; kPz;Lk; mz;lhjthW fl;Lg;NghLjy; Nghd;w
epfo;Tfs; ,j;nja;tf; Nfhapypy; eilngWfpd;wd.61

,j;nja;tj;jpw;F Ntz;Ljy; fhuzkhfg; gytifahd

Neu;jj
; pf;fld;fisr; nra;fpd;wdu;. mgpNrfk; nra;jy;> mk;kDf;F
Mil Mguzq;fs; toq;fy;> MAjq;fs; nra;J itj;jy;>
fhzpf;ifr; nrYj;Jjy;> jq;fs; tPl;Lf; Foe;ijfSf;Fg; ngau;
itj;jy; Nghd;witfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

ghy;> gok;> gd;duP ;> ,sePu;> nea;> vz;nza;> re;jdk;>

kQ;rs; Nghd;witfisf; nfhz;L mgpNrfk; nra;fpd;wdu;.
,j;nja;tj;jpw;F kQ;rs; epw MiliaNa mjpf mstpy;
fhzpf;ifahfr; nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;. jpnusgjpak;kdpd; thfdkhf
Nju; cs;sJ.62

,f;Nfhapypy; vl;L ehl;fs; jpUtpoh eilngWfpd;wJ.

,j;jpUtpohtpidg; gjpndl;L ehl;fs; Cu;kf;fs; Nru;eN
; j
nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;. ,Ug;gpDk; Ie;J fpuhkj;jpw;F ,f;Nfhapy;
(fTz;lk;gl;b> GJg;gl;b> ghg;gk;ghb> %f;fhnul;bg;gl;b>
,Usg;gl;b) nrhe;jkhdjhf cs;sJ.

jpUtpohtpd; epfo;thf jpUtpoh KbTnra;jy; (ehs;

Fwpj;jy;)> nfhbkuk; eLjy;> $o; Cw;Wjy;> khtpsf;F vLj;jy;>
cw;rtk;> thzNtbf;if> jpUf;fy;ahzk;> njUf;$j;J> Cu;

97
Rw;wptUjy;> gypnfhLj;jy;> kQ;rs; ePuhl;Ltpoh Nghd;w epfo;Tfs;
eilngWfpd;wd. jpUtpohtpd; xt;nthU ehSk; xU r%fj;jpdu;
tpohtpd; nryTfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.63 tpohtpd; NghJ
mtutu; gzpfisr; nrk;ikahfr; nra;J jpUtpohtpid
elj;Jfpd;wdu;.

gr;irak;kd; topghL

jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; gr;irak;kd; topghL xU rpy

,lq;fspy; kl;LNk cs;sJ. mk;khghisak;> gs;sg;gl;b>
g+ry;gl;b> m&u;> flj;J}u; Nghd;w Cu;fspy; Nfhapy; cs;sJ.
gr;irak;kd; gapu;fSf;F gRikiaAk;> tsikiaAk; nfhLf;Fk;
nja;tkhFk;. ,j;nja;tj;ij td;dpaFy kf;fNs Fynja;tkhff;
nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,f;Nfhapy;fspy; ,t;tpdj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fNs
g+rhupfshf cs;sdu;. ,j;nja;tj;ij midj;J ,dkf;fSk;
topgLfpd;wdu;.

ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;b tl;lk; mk;khghisak; fpuhkj;jpYs;s

gr;irak;kd; Nfhapypy; nts;sp kw;Wk; jpq;fl;fpoikfspy; thu
topghL eilngWfpd;wJ. kw;w ehl;fspy; kf;fspd; tUiff;F
Vw;g topghl;bid elj;Jfpd;wdu;.

jyr;rpwg;G

gr;irak;kDf;Fg; g+ir nra;Ak;NghJ mk;kDf;Fg; gpbj;j

rpyk;igAk;> cLf;ifiaAk; ,irj;jgbNa mk;kd; kPJ
ghly;fisg;ghb g+ir nra;tu;. ,j;nja;tj;ijf; Fynja;tkhf
nfhz;ltu;fs; jq;fs; tPLfspy; ve;j xU ew;fhupaj;ijr;
64
nra;tjhf ,Ue;jhYk; g+f;Nfl;Nl njhlq;Ffpd;wdu;.

98
jdpr;rpwg;G

kpf ePz;l ehl;fshfj; jpUkzkhfhjg; ngz;fs;

,j;nja;tj;jplk; Ntz;Ljy;fis itj;J> jytpUl;rkhf cs;s
tpy;tkuj;jpy; kQ;rs; E}ypy; kQ;rs; fpoq;if Kbe;Jf;
fl;Lfpd;wdu;. mt;thW fl;br;nry;Yk; ngz;fSf;Fj; jpUkzk;
iff;$b tUfpd;wJ. fztd; kidtp xw;WikAld; thoTk;>
gpupe;jtu;fs; xd;W NruTk; ,q;Fs;s mk;kid Ntz;Lfpd;wdu;.65

gr;irak;kDf;Fj; Njq;fha;> gok;> g+> fw;g+uk; Nghd;w

g+irg; nghUl;fSld; gr;irg; gl;lhiliaAk; rhw;Wfpd;wdu;.
nghq;fy; itj;J nty;yk;> gok;> nea;> ghy;> gok;;
Nghd;witfisr; irtg; gilay;fshfg; gilf;fpd;wdu;.

gypapLjy;

gr;irak;kd; Nfhapypy; Ntz;Ljy; fhuzkhf Nrty;>

Ml;Lf;fplha; gypaplg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j ,uj;jg;gypahdJ
gr;irak;kd; nja;tj;jpw;Fj; juhky;> ,j;nja;tj;jpd;
rNfhjuu;fshd Kj;JKdp> uhlKdp> g+Kdp> fUKdp> nrk;Kdp>
NtjKdp> tho;Kdp Nghd;w KdpfSf;Fg; gyp
nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;nja;tkhdJ gypiag; ngWtjhf
,y;yhky; jdJ rNfhjuu;fshd KdpfSf;Fg; ngw;Wj;jUk;
nja;tkhf cs;sJ.66

gr;irak;kDf;F Mb khjk; jpUtpoh eilngWfpd;wJ.

,j;jpUtpohthdJ xUthuk; eilngWk;. mg;nghOJ tpohtpd;
epfo;thf nfhbkuk; eLjy;> $o; Cw;Wjy;> khtpsf;nfLj;jy;>
etjhdpa Kisg;ghup vLj;jy;> Nju; ,Oj;jy;> Kdpag;gDf;Fg;
gypnfhLj;jy;> kQ;rs; ePuhl;Ltpoh Nghd;w epfo;Tfs;
eilngWfpd;wd. ,j;jpUtpohtpid „jpUehs;‟ vd;W

99
toq;Ffpd;wdu;.67 ,j;nja;tj;ij tpohtpd; NghJ gy fpuhkq;fspy;
,Ue;J kf;fs; te;J topgLfpd;wdu;.

,j;nja;tkhdJ ,g;gFjp kf;fspd; gapu;fisf; fhg;gJ

kl;Lky;yhky; kf;fis Neha;nehbfspy; ,Ue;Jk;> jPa
MtpfsplkpUe;Jk; fhf;fpd;wJ.

ePu;j;Jiwj; nja;tk;

ePu;epiyfSf;F mUfpy; cs;s nja;tj;ij ePu;jJ

; iwj;
nja;tk; vd;Wk; Fkupj;nja;tk; vd;Wk; rq;fg;ghly;fspy;;
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ>

“fs;Sk; fz;zpAk; ifAiwahf

epiyf;Nfhl;L nts;is ehy;nrtpf; fplhma;

epiyj;Jiwf; flTl; Fsg;gl Nthr;rp”68

jiytpapd;Neha; jdpa epiyahd Jiwapy; ,Ue;j flTSf;F
nts;shl;Lf; fplha; gypapl;Lk; Neha; jzpatpy;iy vd;W
mfehD}w;Wg; ghlybfs; $Wfpd;wd. rq;fg; ghly;fspy;
$wg;gl;Ls;s ePu;jJ
; iwj; nja;tj;ijg;NghyNt jUkGup
khtl;lj;jpy; nghd;dpak;kd;> fq;ifak;kd; Nghd;w nja;tq;fisf;
fhzKbfpwJ.

,f;Nfhapy;fspy; ,d;Wk; jPuhj NehAilatu;fspd; Neha;

jPu;tjw;F Ntz;Ljy;fs; itf;fpd;wdu;. mJepiwNtwpa epiyapy;
nts;shl;Lf;fplhiag; gypnfhLj;J Neu;jj
; pf;fld;fisr;
nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;. tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpw;F Kd;Ng njd;fpof;F
Mrpahtpy; fly;fle;J fg;gy; Xl;ba ehfupfj;jpy; fly;
Njtijfisg; Nghw;Wk; kuG ,Ue;Js;sjhf mwpQu;fs;
fUJfpd;wdu;.69

100
nghd;dpak;kd; topghL

nghd;dpak;kd; xU ePu;jn
; ja;tkhFk;. ,j;nja;tf;
Nfhapy;fs; ngUk;ghYk; ePu;epiyfis xl;bNa mike;Js;sd.
jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; m&u; tl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l <r;rk;gl;bf;
fpuhkj;jpYk;> jUkGup tl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l jpg;gk;gl;b nghd;dpahW
gFjpapYk; ,j;nja;tj;jpd; Nfhapy;fs; mike;Js;sd.
,t;tk;kid midj;J ,dkf;fSk; topgLfpd;wdu;. ,Ug;gpDk;
td;dpa ,dkf;fSf;F Fynja;tkhf cs;sJ. ,j;nja;tf;
Nfhapy;fspy; td;dpau; ,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fSk;;> ,Usu;
,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fSk; g+rhupfshf cs;sdu;.

m&u; mUNf cs;s nghd;dpak;kd; Nfhapypy; thutopghL

nrt;tha; kw;Wk; nts;spf;fpoikfspy; eilngWfpd;wJ.
midj;Jg; ngsu;zkpad;Wk; rpwg;G topghL eilngWfpd;wJ.
rpj;jpuh ngsu;zkpad;W rpwg;ghfj; jpUtpoh eilngWk;.
jpUtpohtpd; epfo;thf mk;kd; tPjpAyh> $o; Cw;Wjy;> jPg
Muhjid> khtpsf;F vLj;jy;> Kj;Jg; gy;yhf;F Cu;tyk;>
g+q;fufk; Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; eilngWk;.70

jyr;rpwg;G

E}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G %jhijau;fshy; rpwg;Gld;

cUthf;fg;gl;l nja;tkhFk;. ,f;Nfhapypy; goikahd kpfg;ngupa
Ntg;gkuk; xd;W mope;Jtpl;lJ. me;j Ntg;gkuk; mope;j ,lj;jpy;
jw;NghJ mjd; NtupypUe;J Njhd;wpa Ntg;gkuk; jytpUl;rkhf
cs;sJ.

,f;Nfhapypd; rpwg;gk;rkhf jpUkzkhfhj ngz;fs;

mk;kdpd; mUs;ngw;Wr; nrd;why; clNd jpUkz ghf;fpak;
fpilf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ,t;tk;kdplk; ngz;fs; te;J mUshrp

101
ngw;Wj; jpUkz ghf;fpak; ngw;Ws;sdu;.71 ,f;Nfhapypd;
ntspg;Gwj;jpy; ehfu;NfhapYk;> tPutd;dpau; NfhapYk; cs;sd.

tPutd;dpad; rpiyahdJ Fjpiuapd; kPJ mku;ej

;
epiyapy;; cs;sJ. nghd;dpak;kdpd; Vty;fisr; nra;Ak;
nja;tkhf cs;sJ. ,f;fhty; nja;tkhdJ gypiag;
ngwf;$bajhf cs;sJ. ,tw;wpw;F Nrty;> Ml;Lf;fplha;
gypahfj; jug;gLfpwJ. mj;Jld; RUl;L> fUthL> rhuhak;
Nghd;witAk; gilf;fg;gLfpd;wd.72

Ntz;LjYk; Neu;jj
; pf;flDk;

,j;nja;tj;jplk; tUk; ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; jq;fs;

FLk;gq;fspy; cs;s ngz;Zf;F my;yJ MZf;Fj; jpUkzk;
eilngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w Ntz;Ljy;fis Kd;itj;Nj
topghl;bid Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

,f;NfhapYf;F te;J mk;kDf;Fg; ghy;> Njd;> gd;dPu;>

,sePu;> japu;> vz;nza;> re;jdk; Kjypaitfisf; nfhz;L
mgpNrfk; nra;Jk;> mk;kdpd; MAjq;fshd Nty;> <l;b
Nghd;wtw;iwf; fhzpf;ifahfr; nrYj;jp topgl;Lr; nry;fpd;wdu;.
NkYk; Neu;jj
; pf;fldhf kQ;rs; E}ypy; kQ;rs; fpoq;if itj;Jf;
fl;b ,q;Fs;s Ntg;gkuj;jpy; fl;Lfpd;wdu;. ,jd; %yk;
jq;fSf;F cWjpahf jpUkzk; eilngWk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdu;.73

nrd;dpak;kd; (nrd;dk;khs;)

jUkGup khtl;lk; m&u; tl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l ePg;ge;Jiw Cupy;

nrd;dpak;kd; vd;w nrd;dk;khs; Nfhapy; cs;sJ. ,f; Nfhapypy;
cs;s nrd;dpak;kd; nja;tkhdJ X#u; gFjpapy; tho;e;j
Vfhypau; ,dj;ijr; Nru;ej
; FLk;gj;jpy; nrd;dpak;kd; vd;w VO
taJ ngz; tsu;eJ
; te;jhs;.

102
 mg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;j [hfPu;rha;G vd;gtu; jdf;Ff; Foe;ij
,y;iy vd;w fhuzj;ijr; nrd;dpak;kdpd; ngw;Nwhuplk; $wp
mg;ngz;iz tpiyf;F thq;fg; Ngrptpl;L mLj;jehs; gzj;NjhL
tUtjhfr; nrhy;yp nrd;Wtpl;lhu;. ,ijawpe;j nrd;dpak;kd;
jd;id vtUk; tpw;fTk; $lhJ> thq;fTk; $lhJ vd;W $wp
jd;id xU ngl;bapypl;L Mw;wpy; tpl;LtpLkhW $wpdhs;.

mLj;jehs; [hfPu;rha;G tUtjw;F Kd;> nrd;dpak;kd;

ngl;bapy; ,lg;gl;L Mw;wpy; tplg;gl;lhs;. md;W Mw;wpy; nts;sk;
ngUf;nfLj;jJ. me;j Mw;wpd; fiu Xuj;jpy; gpurd;d
ntq;fl;lukzg; ngUkhs; Nfhapypy; topghlhw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j
nts;isag;gd; rpj;ju; mg;ngl;bia topkwpj;J mg;ngz;iz
kPl;lhu;. mg;ngz; mq;NfNa rpy fhyk; tho;e;J me;j Mw;wpd;
eLNt cs;s ghiwapy; tPLNgW va;jpdhs;.74

rpj;ju; g+ir nra;J te;j ntq;fl;lukzg; ngUkhs;

NfhapYk;> nrd;dpak;kd; jq;fpapUe;J tPLNgW va;jpa ghiwAk;
jw;NghJ m&u; tl;lj;jpw;Fl;gl;l ePg;ge;Jiw vd;w Cupy; ,U
ngUq;Nfhapy;fshf tpsq;fp tUfpd;wd.

nrd;dpak;kd;; topghL

,f;Nfhapypy; nrt;tha; kw;Wk; nts;spf;fpoikfspy; topghL

eilngWfpd;wJ. NkYk; rpwg;Gkpf;f ehl;fspYk; mkhthir>
ngsu;zkp ehl;fspYk; topghL eilngWfpwJ. topghl;bd; NghJ
g+f;Nfl;ly; epfo;thdJ eilngWfpwJ. ,g;g+f;Nfl;ly; KiwahdJ
,uz;L epiyfspy; eilngWfpwJ. xd;W rhkpaplk; Ntz;bf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ tyJgf;fk; g+tpOe;jhy; ed;ik vd;Wk;>
,lJgf;fk; tpOe;jhy; epidj;j fhupaj;ij js;spg;Nghl Ntz;Lk;
vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdu;.75

103
 mLj;j Kiwahf nts;isf; fhfpjq;fspy; ,U NtW
g+f;f
; isj; jdpj;jdpahfg; nghl;lyq;fs; fl;b mjidr; rhkpapd;
kbapy; itj;J VjhtJ xU g+it epidj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;.
gpwF xU rpWkpia mioj;J ,uz;L g+g; nghl;lyq;fspy;
VjhtJ xU nghl;lyj;ij vLf;fr; nrhy;tu;. kdjpy; epidj;j
g+it vLj;jhy; ed;ik vd;Wk;> NtW g+it vLj;jhy; epidj;j
fhupaj;ijj; js;spg; NghlNtz;Lk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdu;.76

,j;nja;tj;jpd; g+irg;nghUl;fshfg; nghup> fliy>

Njq;fha;> fw;g+uk;> kQ;rs;> Fq;Fkk;> g+> fUfkzp Nghd;wtw;iwg;
gilf;fpd;wd.

Mz;Lj;jpUtpoh

Mz;bw;nfhUKiw Cu;g;nghJkf;fs; xd;W$b epfo;jJ

; k;
topghl;il Mz;Lj;jpUtpoh vdyhk;. ,j;nja;tj;jpd; Mz;Lj;
jpUtpohthf Mbg;ngUf;F md;W eilngWfpwJ. ,j;jpUtpohit
7 ehl;fs; midj;J ,dkf;fSk; xUq;fpize;J elj;Jfpd;wdu;.77

jpUtpohtpd; NghJ nghq;fy; itj;J ML> Nfhop Nghd;w

capupdq;fisg; gypnfhLj;J topgLfpd;wdu;. ,t;topghl;bid
,t;t+u; kf;fs; kl;Lkpd;wp kw;w Cu;fspy; cs;s kf;fSk;
Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. kw;w Cu;fspy; cs;s kf;fs; Mbkhjk;
Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; mtu;fSila cwtpdu;fSld; te;J
Ntz;Ljy;fisr; nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;. Ntz;Ljypd; Kf;fpa
mq;fkhfg; nghupfliy gilj;jYk;> Ml;Lf;fplha;> Nrty;fisg;
gypnfhLj;jYk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ.

g+ir nra;gtu;fs;

Nfhapypy; g+ir nra;Ak;NghJ fhtpNtl;b fl;bf;nfhz;Lk;>

fhtpj;Jz;L fl;bf;nfhz;Lk; g+irnra;tu;. gilay; nghUspy;
%r;Rf;fhw;W> vr;rpy; glhky; ,Uf;f thapy; fhtpj;Jz;ilf;
104
fl;bf;nfhz;L g+irnra;tu;. ,k;KiwahdJ fhyq;fhykhf
eilKiwapy; cs;sJ.78

,f;Nfhapypy; g+ir nra;gtu;fs; td;dpau; ,dj;ijr;

rhu;e;jtu;fs; vd;whYk; midj;J ,dkf;fSk; vt;tpj ghFghL
,d;wp topgLfpd;wdu;.

Mz; nja;tq;fs;

jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; Mz; nja;tq;fs; gutyhf cs;sd.

,j;nja;tq;fs; fhty; nja;tq;fshfTk;> vy;iyj;
nja;tq;fshfTk; cs;sd. ,jpy; ngUk;ghyhd Mz; nja;tq;fs;
tPur;nray;fisr; nra;j tPuDf;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l eLfy;
nja;tq;fshf cs;sd. me;j tifapy; Kdpag;gd;> Ntbag;gd;>
tPugj;jpud;> nts;isag;gd;> Nghj;JtPud;> tPufhuKdp Nghd;w
nja;tq;fs; mike;Js;sd.

,j;nja;tq;fspy; Kdpag;gd; nja;tk; rpy ngz;

nja;tq;fSf;F Vty; nra;af; $ba nja;tkhfTk;> jdpj;j
epiyapy; cs;s nja;tkhfTk; cs;sJ. Nghj;JtPud;
nja;tkhdJ jpnusgjp mk;kdpd; Vty; nja;tkhf cs;sJ.
,itfspy; Kdpag;gd; nja;tkhdJ kpfg;ngupa fz;fSk;>
gaKWj;Jk; cUtj;Jld; iffspy; MAjq;fisf; nfhz;L
mku;ej
; epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,j; nja;tq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; fpuhkj;jpw;F xJf;Fg; Gwkhf

Ms; elkhl;lk; ,y;yhj fhl;Lg;gFjp> Vupf;fiu> kiyabthuk;
Nghd;w gFjpfspy; mike;Js;sd.

Ntbag;gd; topghL

,j;nja;tk; m&u; tl;lj;jpYs;s vyg;Gilahk;gl;bf;

fpuhkj;jpy; kzthsd;Fl;il vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

105
,t;tplj;jpd; ngaiu milnkhopahff; nfhz;L „= kzthsd;
Fl;il Ntbag;gd;‟ vd;w ngauhy; tzq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;nja;tk;
mt;t+upd; fhty; nja;tkhfTk;> vy;iyj; nja;tkhfTk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;nja;tk; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s
„eLfy;‟ nja;tk; vd;gJ GydhfpwJ.

,f;Nfhapypy; td;dpau; ,dj;ijr; rhu;ej

; tu;fNs
g+rhupfshf cs;sdu;. ,j;nja;tk; mg;gFjpapy; cs;s td;dpau;
,dj;jtu;fSf;Ff; Fynja;tkhf cs;sJ. ,tu;fs; ve;jxU
njhopiyAk;> ew;fhupaq;fisr; nra;tjhf ,Ue;jhYk;
Fynja;tj;jpd; mDkjpiag;ngw;Nw njhlq;Ftu;. Fynja;tj;jplk;
mDkjp ngWjy; vd;gJ „g+f;Nfl;ly;‟ mbg;gilapy; mikAk;.
tyJ gf;fk; g+ nfhLj;jhy; ey;yJ vd;Wk; ,lJ gf;fk;
nfhLj;jhy; jPaJ vd;Wk; ek;gpf;if itj;Js;sdu;.

vyg;Gilahk;gl;bapy; cs;s Ntbag;gd; nja;tj;jpw;F ehs;

topghL eilngWfpd;wJ. ,j;nja;tj;jpw;Fg; g+rhupfs;
epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. mtu;fs; jpdKk; rhkpiaAk;> NfhapiyAk;
Rj;jk; nra;J g+ir nra;tu;. kf;fs; nfhz;LtUk; Njq;fha;> g+>
gok; Nghd;witfisg; gilj;J topghl;bidr; nra;tu;.

,j;nja;tj;jpw;F thu topghLk; eilngWfpd;wJ. mjhtJ

Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; g+ir nra;J topgLtu;. Qhapw;Wf;fpoik
eilngWk; topghl;by; Neu;jj
; pf; fldhfg; gypnfhLj;jy;
epfo;thdJ eilngWfpd;wJ. me;j gypnfhLf;Fk; epfo;thdJ
Ntbag;gDf;Ff; nfhLf;fhky; Ntbag;gdpd; Vty; nja;tkhd
Kdpag;gd;fSf;Ff; (fk;ghiy Kdpag;gd;> tPuKdpag;gd;>
rug;gdpf;fy; Kdpag;gd;) nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. Ntbag;gd;
nja;tkhdJ gypiag; ngw;Wj;jUtjhf kl;Lk; cs;sJ. gypiag;
ngWk; nja;tkhf ,y;iy. ML> Nfhop Nghd;wit gypnfhLf;Fk;
capupdq;fshf cs;sd.
106
 ,j;nja;tj;ij midj;J ,dkf;fSk; topgLfpd;wdu;.
,Ug;gpDk; jho;j;jg;gl;l ,dkf;fs; Nfhapypd; Rw;Wr;Rtu;
gFjpapy; ,Ue;J gjpide;jbj;J}uk; js;sp epd;W topgLfpd;wdu;.
kw;w ,dkf;fs; Rw;Wr;Rtu; mUfpy; epd;W topgLfpd;wdu;.
Rw;Wr;RtUf;Fk; nja;tj;jpw;Fk; gjpide;J mbj;J}uk; ,ilntsp
cs;sJ. ,e;j Ntbag;gd; nja;tj;ij mUfpy; nrd;W ahUk;
topgLtjpy;iy. Ntbag;gd; Jbahd> RWRWg;ghd> nghy;yhjrhkp
vd;w nrtptopr; nra;jp cs;sjhy; Nfhapypy; cs;s rhkp mUfpy;
xUtu; kl;LNk nrd;W g+iriar; nra;fpd;wdu;.79

,f;Nfhapypy; cs;s Kdpag;gDf;Fg; gypnfhLf;Fk; NghJ

kl;Lk; g+ir nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. kw;w ehl;fspy; Ntbag;gDf;F
kl;LNk g+ir eilngWfpd;wJ. Ntbag;gdplk; Ntz;Ljy;
itj;jhy; vt;tpj gOJk; ,d;wp epiwNtWfpd;wJ.

“mg;gNd Ntbag;gh! ,e;j tUlk; ey;yh kio nga;aDk;>

ey;yh nts;shik tpisaDk;> ntisau nts;shikapy; Kjy;
gq;fpid vLj;J nghq;fy; itj;J> fplh ntl;b cd; NfhapYf;F
tUfpd;wtu;fSf;F md;djhdkhf NghLNwd; rhkp. mNjhl
cdf;F xU NtiyAk; nrQ;rp itf;fpd;Nwd; rhkp” vd;W kf;fs;
,d;Wk; jq;fSf;F Vw;whw;Nghy Ntz;Ljy; itf;fpd;wdu;.80
Ntz;Ljy; fhuzkhfg; ghy;> nea;> re;jdk;> ,sePu; Nghd;w
mgpNrfq;fisAk;> muprp> Njq;fha;> g+> gok; Nghd;w
g+irg;nghUl;fisf; nfhLj;J gb g+irAk; nra;fpd;wdu;.

,j;nja;tj;jpw;Fr; rpwg;Gg; g+ir xt;nthU mkhthir

ehl;fspYk; eilngWfpd;wJ. mg;NghJ gpy;yp> #dpak;> Nga;>
gprhR Nghd;witfis tpul;Lfpd;wdu;. ehs; topghl;bd; NghJ
Ntbag;gd; vy;iyf;Fs; te;jhy; ek;kPJ cs;s jPa Mtpfs; Ml
Muk;gpj;J tpLfpd;wd. mg;NghJ mtw;iwg; gpbj;J jiyKbfspy;
Kbe;J mkhthir ehl;;fspy; Xl;Lfpd;wdu;.81
107
 ,j;nja;tj;ij topgLtjw;Fk;> Ntz;Ljy; itg;gjw;Fk;
,t;t+upy; cs;stu;fs; kl;Lky;yhky; mUfpy; cs;s Cu;fspy;
,Ue;Jk; kf;fs; tUfpd;wdu;.

m&u; vyg;Gilahk;gl;bf; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s Ntbag;gidg;

Nghd;W fPiug;gl;bapy; cs;s Nfhapypy; cUtkw;w neLq;fy;
rpiyahf cs;sJ. ,f;NfhapypYk; vyg;Gilahk;gl;bf;
NfhapypYk; xNu khjpupahd g+ir KiwfSk;> Nfhapy;
mikg;GfSk; cs;sd.

NkYk; mjpfhug;gl;b> fy;yhtp Nghd;w Cu;fspy; cs;s

Ntbag;gd; NfhapyhdJ NfhGuk;> fUtiw> kz;lgk;; vd;w
mikg;Gfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. fy;yhtp Ntbag;gd; Nfhapypd;
fUtiwapy; eLfy;Ny topghl;bw;F cupa nja;tkhf cs;sJ.
kw;w gupthu Nfhapy;fspyk; eLfw;fNs topghl;by; cs;sd.
mjpfhug;gl;b fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s Ntbag;gd; Nfhapypy; cUtkw;w
eLfy; topghl;by; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. rpy fhyq;fSf;F Kd;
mt;tplj;jpy; cUtk; nrJf;fg;gl;l Ntbag;gd; rpiyia itj;J
topgl;bUf;fpd;wdu;. ,t;tifapy; cs;s Ntbag;gd; NfhapyhdJ
,Uf;Fk; ,lk;> Cu; Mfpatw;iw milnkhopahff; nfhz;L
ngau; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

Kdpag;gd; topghL

jkpo;ehl;by; gy;NtW khtl;lq;fspy; Kdpag;gd;>

Kdpahz;ltu; vd;w ngau;fspy; tpoh nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;.
“Fwpg;ghf Kdpag;gd; topghL Kjd;Kjypy; kJiu khtl;lg;
gFjpfspy; cs;s kf;fsplk;jhd; fhzg;gl;lJ. fhyg;Nghf;fpy;
kf;fs; Fbngau;tJ Nghy jpUr;rp> jQ;rht+u;> jUkGup>
fpUl;bzfpup> Nryk; khtl;lq;fspy; Kdpag;gd; gyngau;fspy;
te;J epiyj;Jtpl;lJ” vd;W rp.khzpf;fk; $Wfpd;whu;.82

108
 ,e;j Kdpag;gd; topghl;ilj; jUkGup khtl;l
kf;fspilNa gutyhff; fhzKbfpd;wJ. ,j;nja;tj;ij
midj;J ,dkf;fSk; topgl;L tUfpd;wdu;. ,Ug;gpDk; td;dpau;
,dkf;fs; jq;fs; ,dj;ijNa fhf;Fk; Fynja;tkhf
topgLfpd;wdu;. „Kdp‟ vd;gJ gjpndl;L g+jfzq;fSs; xd;W
vd;Wk;> mtw;iw tzq;fpdhy; Neha;> nehbfs;> fhw;W> fUg;G>
,b> kpd;dy;> kio> Nga;> gprhRfsp;d; njhy;iyfspypUe;Jk;>
jPikfsplkpUe;Jk; tpLglyhk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy;
topgLfpd;wdu;. td;dpau;fs; Kdp vd;W miof;ff;$ba
KdPRtud;> Kdpag;gDf;F Mz;Lf;F xU KiwNah>
<uhz;LfSf;F xU KiwNah jpUtpoh vLj;J topgLfpd;wdu;.

jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; Kdpag;gd; topghL midj;Jf; fpuhk

kf;fsplKk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. gpspaD}u; mf;u`huk; Kdpag;gd;>
ehfjhrk;gl;b Kdpag;gd;> Nrhiyf;nfhl;lha; Kdpag;gd;> Nufl
ms;sp Kdpag;gd; Nghd;wit kpfTk; Gfo; ngw;witahFk;.
Kdpag;gDf;Fj; jdpNa nja;tPff; fij VJkpy;iy ,Ug;gpDk;
Guhz tuyhW xd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. “irt rkaj;jpy; kf;fs; gy
gpwg;Gfshfg; gpwf;f vk;ngUkhd; mUs; nra;fpd;whu;.
mg;gpwg;Gfspy; Kdpahfg; gpwg;gJk; xU gpwg;ghFk;”. jpUthrfk;
rptGuhzj;jpy; “Kdptuha; Njtuha;” vd;W tUfpd;wJ.83

Kdpag;gidf; Fynja;tkhf topgLk; FLk;gj;jpdu; ve;j

xU epfo;Tfisr; nra;tnjd;whYk; ,j;nja;tj;ij topgl;Nl
njhlq;Ffpd;wdu;. Kdpad;> Kdpag;gd;> KDrhkp> KdpuhR>
Kdpak;kh vdg;ngau; nfhz;l gyu; jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy;
cs;sdu;.

,k;khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kf;fs; tpijj;jy;> mWtil

nra;;jy; Nghd;w njhopy;fisj; njhlq;Fk; Kd; Kdpag;gDf;F
(Kdpf;F) Nrty;> ML gypapl;L tzq;fpj; njhlq;Ffpd;wdu;.
109
,g;gbr; nra;jhy; ey;y tpisr;ry; fpilf;Fk; vd;w
ek;gpf;ifiag; gutyhf ek;Gfpd;wdu;. ,e;j tifapy;
Kdpag;gid tsikj; nja;tkhf topgLfpd;wdu;. ,e;eLfy;
nja;tj;ij topgLfpd;w Kiwapidg; gw;wpAk;> flTs; jd;ik
gw;wpAk; GwehD}w;wpy; khq;FbfpohH>

“fy;Ny gugpd; my;yJ

ney; cFj;Jg; guTk; flTSk; ,yNt”84

vd;W rpwe;j g+f;fisAk;> ney;iyAk; nfhz;L topgLtjw;F
eLfy;iyj; jtpu NtW rpwe;j nja;tk; ,y;iy vd;W $WtJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,jidj; jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; rpy gFjpfspy;
,d;Wk; fhz KbfpwJ.

rq;f fhyj;jpy; topgl;lijg; Nghd;W ,d;Wk; topgLfpd;w

tof;fk; gutyhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ fsMa;tpd; %yk;
njupa tUfpwJ. jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; eLfw;fisj; jiyKiwj;
jiyKiwahf topgLfpd;w tof;fk; cs;sJ. ,jidg; nghq;fy;>
Mbg;ngUf;F kw;Wk; mkhthir Nghd;w ehl;fspy; topgLfpd;wdH.
,j;nja;t topghl;bd; NghJ ,uj;jg;gyp nrYj;JtJ
,d;wpaikahjjhf cs;sJ. ,jpy; Nrty;> ML Nghd;w
tpyq;fpdq;fisf; gypnfhLj;J topgLfpd;wdH. ,t;topghL
,d;Wk; jUkGup khtl;l kf;fspilNa gutyhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
,jidj; njhd;ik kugpd; ePlr
; p vdTk; $wyhk;.

,j;nja;tj;jpw;Fg; goq;fhy kf;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l eLfy;

topghl;bid elj;Jfpd;wdu;. eLfy; topghl;bd; NghJ nra;ag;gLk;
midj;Jr; rlq;FfisAk; nra;J topgLfpd;wdu;. ,j;nja;t
topghL ngUk;ghYk; rpwpaf;$k;G tbtf; fw;fSf;Nf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

110
 gpspaD}u; mf;u`huk; Kdpag;gd; jpUtpoh khu;fop khjKk;>
ehfjhrk;gl;b Kdpag;gDf;F Mb khjKk;> Nrhiyf;nfhl;lha;
Kdpag;gDf;Fr; rpj;jpiu khjk; Kjy; ehSk; tpoh
nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW xt;nthU gFjpapy; cs;s
Kdpag;gDf;Fk; mg;gFjp kf;fspd;; trjpfSf;F Vw;g xU
khjj;ij epakpj;Js;sdu;.

Kdpag;gd; topghl;bd; NghJ $o; Cw;Wjy;> khtpsf;F

vLj;jy;> nghq;fy; itj;jy;> gypnfhLj;jy;. Nga;g;gpbj;j
ngz;fSf;Fr; rhl;ilab nfhLj;jy; Nghd;w topghl;L Kiwfs;
filgpbf;fg;gLfpd;wd. jpwe;j ntspapy; Mykuk;> murkuk; kw;Wk;
fhl;Lkuq;fspd; fPo; RLkz; Fjpiufs;> eha;fs; kw;Wk;
tPuu;fSf;F ,ilapy; Kdpag;gd; rpiy mike;Js;sJ. ,utpy;
Mtpfisj; Juj;jpr; nry;yTk;> tpul;bg; gpbf;fTk; Fjpiufs;>
eha;fs;> tPuu;fs; nry;tjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ.85

fpuhkj;jpy; jdpg;gl;ltu; kw;Wk; Cupy; cs;s midtUk;

Nru;eJ
; nghq;fy; itj;Jg; goq;fs;> nty;yk;> japu;> nea;
Nghd;witfisf; nfhz;L gilay; Nghl;Lk;> Nrty;> Ml;Lf;fplha;
Nghd;wtw;iwg; gypjUfpd;wdu;. mj;Jld; Kdpag;gDf;F fs;>
rhuhak;> RUl;L Nghd;wtw;iwAk; gilf;fpd;wdu;. ,t;topghl;bd;
NghJ Cu; nghJtpYk;> jdpg;gl;l epiyapYk; gypapidj;
jUfpd;wdu;.86

nghJthf Mz;bw;F xUKiw midtUk; Nru;eJ

; rpwpa
mstpy; cs;s $k;Gtbtf; fw;rpiyf;F topghL elj;Jfpd;wdu;.
mr;rpiyf;F ey;nyz;nza;> vYkpr;irrhW> ghy;> japu;> ,sePu;>
go mgpNrfk; Nghd;wit itj;J topgLfpd;wdu;. ngupa mstpy;
cs;s rpnkz;l;L rpiyf;F ePuhy; fOtg;gl;L g+khiy kl;Lk;
mzptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jid mbg;gilahf itj;Jg; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ
,t;topghL eLfy; topghlhfNt cs;sJ.

111
 topghl;bd; NghJ gyp;nfhLf;fg;gl;l tpyq;fpdj;jpd;
,uj;jj;ijg; gpbj;J nghq;fypl;lr; Nrhw;Wld; fye;J gypr;NrhW
vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; tPrg;gLfpwJ. mg;nghOJ jPikfs; mope;J tsik
ngUFk; vd;W kf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdu;. topghl;bd; NghJ
NgNahl;Ljy;> thf;Fr;nrhy;Yjy;> Foe;ijfSf;Fg; ngaupLjy;
Nghd;witfs; epfo;fpd;wd. cUthf;fg;gl;l Kdpag;gdpd;
cUtj;jpw;F Vw;w tifapy; Nty;> <l;b> fj;jp Nghd;w
MAjq;fis kf;fs; fhzpf;ifahfr; nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;.

,e;j midj;J topghl;L epfo;TfSk; jUkGup

khtl;lj;jpYs;s Kdpag;gd; Nfhapy;fspy; gutyhf
filgpbf;fg;gLfpd;w KiwfshFk;. rpy ,lq;fspy; Kg;g+ir vd;w
ngaupy; Nrty;> Ml;Lf;fplha;> gd;wp vd %d;iwAk; gypnfhLj;J
Kg;G+ir vd;W topgLfpd;wdu;.

Kdpag;gid CUf;Fk;> ,lj;jpw;Fk; Vw;w tifapy;

ngau;fis itj;J topgLfpd;wdu;. mt;tifapy;
Nrhiyf;nfhl;lha; xz;b Mykuj;J Kdpag;gd; Nfhapy; cs;sJ.
,j;nja;tj;jpw;F fhyg;goik $w Kbatpy;iy. jdf;nfd
Nfhapy; fl;lf;$lhJ vd;Wk;> ,e;j MykuNk vdf;F Nfhapy;
vd;Wk; $wpajhff; $Wfpd;wdu;.87

Kdpfs; topghL kpfg; goikahdJ. kdpj tbtpy; ,Ue;j

rpj;ju;fs; jtkpUe;J kiwe;j ,lkhfTk;> mtu;fs; kf;fis Neha;
nehbfsplkpUe;J fhj;jjhfTk; nrtptopr; nra;jpahff;
$Wfpd;wdu;.88 ,q;F mt;thW ,Ue;j xU ngupatu; jdpahf
tho;e;J kf;fSf;Fg; gy ed;ikfs; nra;J kiwe;jhu;. mtNu
xz;b Mykuj;J Kdpag;gd; vd;W toq;fg;gLfpd;whu;. mq;F
Kdptupd; cUtk; ,y;iy> rpwpa $k;Gtbt fy;Ny cs;sJ.
gpw;fhyj;jpy; kw;w Cu;fspy; cs;sJ Nghy; kpfg; ngupa mstpy;;
Kdpag;gd; rpiy mikj;J topgLfpd;wdu;.

112
 tlfiu> nkzrp> fhspg;Ngl;il> jkhzpf;Nfhk;ig Nghd;w
rpy fpuhkq;fspy; cUtkw;w fw;fisNa Kdpag;gdhf
topgLfpd;wdu;. mjd; mUfpy; rpnkz;lhy;; cUthf;fg;gl;l
Kdpag;gd;> Fjpiu> eha;> fhtyu; rpiyfs; itj;Js;sdu;.
,Ug;gpDk; Kdpag;gid tPud;> nghy;yhjtd; vjpupfsplkpUe;J
ek;;ikf; fhg;gtd;> jpidg;Gyq;fisAk;> gapu;fisAk; fhf;Fk;
fhty;fhud; vd;nwy;yhk; $wp topgLfpd;wdu;.

,jd; %yk; ,we;j tPuid tzq;fpdhy; ed;ik

cz;lhFk; vd;W jUkGup khtl;l kf;fs; ek;gpf;if
itj;Js;sdu;. ,t;thW cs;s eLfw;fis Ntbag;gd;>
tPufhuKdp> Kdpag;gd;> nts;isag;gd; vd;W toq;fp tUfpd;wdu;.

NkYk; nkhug;g+u; gFjpapy; cs;s rpq;fhuj;Njhg;G

KdP]t
; ud; Nfhapypy; Mz;Lf;nfhU Kiw eilngWk;
jpUtpohtpidg; Nghd;W thue;NjhWk; Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy;
jpUtpohtpidg; Nghd;W topghL eilngWfpd;wJ. ,f;Nfhapypy;
g+ir nra;gtu;fs; td;dpau; ,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fs;. td;dpau;
,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fNs Fynja;tkhf topgLfpd;wdu;.
,f;NfhapYf;F midj;J ,dkf;fSk; vt;tpj ghFghLk; ,d;wp
topghl;by; fye;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

topghl;bd; Kf;fpa epfo;thf gypapLjy; cs;sJ. gypapLk;

tpyq;fpdkhf Ml;Lf;fplha;> Nrty; Nghd;witfs; cs;sd.
,f;NfhapYf;F ,t;t+upy; cs;s kf;fs; kl;Lky;yhky; jUkGup
khtl;lj;jpYs;s midj;Jf; fpuhkq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; kf;fs;
cwtpdu;fSld; te;J jdJ topghl;ilr; nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;.
topghl;bd; NghJ jq;fspd; nghUshjhu epiyf;F vw;g
fhzpf;iffisAk;> Ntz;Ljy;fisAk; itf;fpd;wdu;.

113
tPugj;jpud; topghL

jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; FWk;gu; ,dkf;fs; thOk; gFjpfspy;

tPugj;jpud; topghl;bidf; fhzKbfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghfg;
ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;b> jUkGup> xl;lg;gl;b Nghd;w gFjpfspy;
,j;nja;tk; cs;sJ. ,t;topghL eLfy; topghl;NlhL
njhlu;GilaJ. FWk;gu; ,dkf;fs; MLfis tsu;f;Fk;
njhopiyf; Fyj;njhopyhf nfhz;bUe;jdu;.

MLfisf; fs;tu;fsplkpUe;Jk;> tpyq;FfsplkpUe;Jk;

fhg;gjw;fhf tPuu;fis itj;jpUe;jdu;. mt;tPuu;fs;
fs;tu;fSlDk;> tpyq;FfSlDk; Nghupl;L ,we;j tPuid
topgl;ldu;. mt;thW ,we;j tPudpd; epidthf vLf;fg;gl;l eLfy;
jUkGup mfo;itg;gfj;jpy; Gypf;Fj;jg;gl;lhd; eLfy;yhf
mike;Js;sJ.

tPugj;jpud; Nfhapy;fspy; cUtKila fw;rpiyAk;>

Ik;nghd; rpiyAk;> cUtkw;w $k;Gtbtf; fw;rpiyfSk;
topghl;by; cs;sd. ,r;rpiyfspd; mUfpy; Nty;> <l;b Nghd;w
MAjq;fs; elg;gl;l epiyapy; cs;sd.

,j;nja;tf;Nfhapy;fspy; FWk;gu; ,dj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l

FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;jtu;fs; kl;Lk; guk;giug; guk;giuahfg;
g+rhupfshf cs;sdu;. ,tu;fs; Kf;fpakhd ehl;fspYk;>
jpUtpohehl;fspy; kl;LNk g+ir nra;fpd;wdu;. kw;w ehl;fspy;
mg;gFjpapy; cs;s kf;fs; Nfhapypd; kfhkz;lgj;jpy; ,Ue;J
nja;tj;jpw;Ff; fw;g+uk; nfhSj;jp Njq;fha; cilj;J
topgLfpd;wdu;. ,f;Nfhapypy; ehs;> thutopghL ,y;iy.89 mg;gFjp
kf;fs; kl;Lk; jpq;fs; kw;Wk; nts;spf;fpoikfspy; mtu;fshfNt
topgLfpd;wdu;.

114
 rpwg;Gf;Fupa ehl;fshd nghq;fy;> jPghtsp> tUlg;gpwg;G
Nghd;w ehl;fspy; ,j;nja;tj;jpw;Fg; g+ir eilngWfpwJ.

,t;tpdkf;fs; Mb 18k; ehsd;W topghl;bid

elj;Jfpd;wdu;. topghL elj;Jtjw;F Kd;djhf CUf;F
ntspg;Gwj;jpy; Xuplj;ijr; Nju;Tnra;J mt;tplj;jpy;
jw;fhypfkhfj; njd;dq;fPwW
; fisf; nfhz;L rpwpage;jy; Nghl;L;
Nfhapy; mikf;fpd;wdu;. epue;jukhf cs;s NfhapypYs;s
vLg;Gr;rpiyia (Ik;nghd;rpiy) fufj;jpy; itj;J vLj;J tUtu;.
Ik;nghd;rpiyiaj; jw;fhypfkhf mikf;fg;gl;l Nfhapypy;
itf;fg;gl;L mjd; mUfpy; $k;Gtbt kz;rpiyfSk;>
fw;rpiyfSk; itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jf; fw;rpiyAk;>
kz;rpiyAk; xt;Nthuhz;Lk; Gjpajhf itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.90

,f;Nfhapypy; g+irnra;Ak; nghUl;fshfg; g+> gok;>

Njq;fha;> nghq;fy;> fw;g+uk;> rhk;gpuhzp> CJgj;jp> kQ;rs;>
Fq;Fkk; Nghd;w nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.

Neu;j;jpf;fld; nrYj;Jjy;

g+ir eilngWk; NghJ Neu;jj

; pf;fld; nrYj;Jgtu;fs;
kQ;rs; ePupy; Fspj;J tPugj;jpuid kdKUfp Ntz;Lfpd;wdu;.
mg;NghJ nja;tj;jpd; mUs; tug;ngw;W MLfpd;wdu;. mtu;fis
mg;gbNa mkuitj;J Njq;fha;fis mtu;fspd; jiyapy;
cilf;fpd;wdu;. ,e;j Neu;jj
; pf;fldhf 3 Kjy; 10 Njq;fha;fs;
tiu cilf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Njq;fha; cilf;fg;gLk; NghJ
jiyapy; ,uj;jk; te;jhy; Neu;jj
; pf;fldpy; VNjh FiwAz;L
vd;Wk;> ey;yKiwapy; ele;jhy; rhkp Vw;Wf;nfhz;lJ vd;Wk;
ek;Gfpd;wdu;.91

,j;nja;tj;ijf; Fynja;tkhff;; nfhz;ltu;fs; jpUtpohtpy;

gq;Nfw;fTk;> Neu;j;jpf;flidr; nrYj;jTk; gyCu;fspy; ,Ue;J

115
te;J topghl;by; fye;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;. jpUtpoh Kbe;j gpwF
vLg;Gr;rhkpr; rpiyia kPz;Lk; g+irnra;J epue;jukhf cs;s
NfhapYf;F vLj;Jr;nrd;W topghL nra;fpd;wdu;.

tPugj;jpud; topghl;by; Kf;fpakhd epfo;thfj; jiyapy;

Njq;fha; cilj;jNy ,lk; ngWfpwJ. ,j;nja;tj;jpw;Fr; irtg;
g+irfs; kl;LNk nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

,t;t+upy; cs;s tPugj;jpud; topghl;ilg; Nghd;W jUkGup

khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kw;w tPugj;jpud; Nfhapy;fspYk;
,k;khjpupahd topghl;bidNa Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu; vd;gJ
fsMa;tpd; %yk; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

nts;isag;gd; topghL

,j;nja;tk; kQ;rthb fZtha; vd;Dk; Cupy;

mike;Js;sJ. ,J fhty; nja;tkhfTk;> vy;iyj; nja;tkhfTk;
cs;sJ. ,j;nja;tk; ,g;gFjpapy; cs;s kiyahsp
,dkf;fSf;F Fynja;tkhf cs;sJ. ,tu;fs; ve;jnthU
njhopiyr; nra;jhYk; Fynja;tkhfpa nts;isag;gid
tzq;fpNa njhlq;Ffpd;wdu;. ,f;Nfhapypy; g+ir nra;gtu;fs;
kiyahsp ,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fshfNt cs;sdu;.

,t;t+upy; cs;s ,j;nja;tj;jpw;F ehs; topghL eilngw;W

tUfpwJ. ,j;nja;tj;jpw;F kiyahsp ,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; g+rhupfs;
epakpf;fg;gl;L cs;sdu;. mtu;fs; jpdKk; rhkpiar; Rj;jk;
nra;J g+ir nra;tu;. ,e;jg; g+irapd; NghJ Njq;fha;> gok;> g+
Nghd;w g+irg; nghUl;fSld; xU Neu g+ir nra;J topgl;Lr;
nry;tu;. kw;w Neuq;fspy; topghL nra;a tUgtNu Njq;fha;> g+>
gok; gilj;J topgl;Lr; nry;tu;.

,f;NfhapyhdJ rhiy Xuj;jpy; mike;J cs;sjhy;>

mt;topNa nry;Yk; thfd Xl;bfs; Njq;fha; kPJ fw;g+uk;
116
nfhSj;jp Nfhapypy; topghL nra;J thfdj;jpd; Kd; Njq;fhia
cilj;Jr; nry;fpd;wdu;. ,t;topghL midj;J Neuq;fspYk;
eilngWfpd;wJ. thfd Xl;bfs; Nfhapypd; Kd; cs;s
cz;baypy; gzj;ijf; fhzpf;ifahfr; nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;.

nts;isag;gDf;F thutopghLk; eilngWfpd;wJ.

Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; ehs; KOtJk; g+ir nra;J
topgLfpd;wdu;. md;W eilngWk; topghl;by; Neu;jj
; pf;fldhfg;
gypnfhLj;jy; Kf;fpa mq;fkhf mikfpd;wJ. gypnfhLj;jypd;
NghJ nghq;fy; itj;J ML> Nrty; Nghd;wtw;iw gyp;
nfhLf;fpd;wdu;. ,e;j gyp;nfhLj;jy; midj;J ehl;fspYk;
eilngWfpd;wJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; kpf mjpf
mstpy; eilngWfpd;wJ.92

gy Cu;fspy; ,Ue;J ,t;topahfr; nry;Yk; kf;fs;

Ntz;Ljy;fis itj;Jr; nry;fpd;wdu;. Ntz;Ljy;
epiwNtwpaTlDk;> Kd;djhfTk; ,f;NfhapYf;F te;J
Neu;jj
; pf;flidr; nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;. Neu;jj
; pf;flidg; nghUshf>
gzkhf> Nty;> <l;b> fj;jp Nghd;w MAjkhf> ,uj;jg;gypahfr;;
nrYj;Jfpd;wdu;.93

,j;nja;tj;jplk; itj;j Ntz;Ljy;fs; vt;tpj jilAk;

,d;wp epiwNtWtjhf ,f;NfhapYf;F tUk; gf;ju;fs; ek;gpf;if
itj;Js;sdu;. ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;b tl;lj;jpYs;s kQ;rthbf;
fZtha; nts;isag;gd; Nfhapypy; eilngWk; topghl;bidg;
Nghd;Nw m&u; tl;lj;jpYs;s eupg;gs;spf; fZtha; Kdpag;gd;
Nfhapypy; topghL eilngWfpd;wJ. ,Ug;gpDk; nts;isag;gd;
Nfhapypy; $Lk; kf;fs; $l;ljpd;; ghjpasT kf;fNs
,k;Kdpag;gd; Nfhapypy; topghL nra;fpd;wdu;.

117
 ,e;j Kdpag;gd; Nfhapypy; td;dpau; ,dj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tNu
g+rhupahf cs;shu;. midj;J ,dkf;fSk; Ntz;Ljy;fisAk;>
topghl;bidAk; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

tPufhuKdp – topghL

tPufhuKdp nja;tj;ij jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; ey;yk;gs;sp

xd;wpaj;jpw;F cl;gl;l gFjpfspy; cs;s kf;fs; topgLfpd;wdu;.
,e;j tPufhuKdp nja;tj;ij Kdpag;gd;> Ntbag;gd; nja;tj;ijg;
Nghd;Nw fhty; nja;tkhf topgLfpd;wdu;. ,t;tPufhuKdp
nja;tq;fSf;Fg; g+ir nra;tjw;Fg; g+rhupfNsh> jpUtpohf;fNsh
,y;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; kf;fs; mtutu; tpUg;gj;jpw;F Vw;w Neuj;jpy;
topgLfpd;wdu;.

topghl;bd; NghJ tPufhuKdpapd; rpiyia ePu; Cw;wp

Rj;jk; nra;fpd;wdu;. mq;NfNa nghq;fy; itj;J> thio ,iy
nfhz;L gilaiyg; gilf;fpd;wdu;. gilaypy; nghq;fy; NrhW>
nea;> japu;> nty;yk;> Njd;> thiog;gok; Nghd;witfisg;
gilayhf itf;fpd;wdu;. Njq;fha;> thiog;gok;> fw;g+uk; Nghd;w
g+irg; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;L topghL nra;fpd;wdu;. topghl;bd;
NghJ Nrty;> Ml;Lf;fplha; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gypnfhLj;Jk;
topgLfpd;wdu;.

rpyu; topghl;by; „gr;irNghLjy;‟ vd;w epfo;tpd;

mbg;gilapy; topgLfpd;wdu;. topghl;bd; NghJ g+irg;
nghUl;fSld;> nghup> fliy> fw;fz;L> nty;yk;> mty;>
thiog;gok; Nghd;wtw;iw thio ,iyapy; gilj;J
topgLfpd;wdu;.94

tPufhuKdpapd; topghl;ilj; jdp xUtu; my;yJ xU

FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;jtu;fs; kl;LNk Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,jidg;
NghyNt kw;w FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;ej
; tu;fSk; topghL

118
elj;Jfpd;wdu;. Ntz;Ljy; fhuzkhf Nty;> <l;b Nghd;w
MAjq;fis itf;fpd;wdu;. ,j;nja;tj;ij td;dpau; ,dkf;fs;
topgLfpd;wdu;.

,t;topghl;L KiwfisNa gr;irak;kd; Nfhapypy; cs;s

tPufhuKdpf;Fk; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,f;NfhapYf;F tUfpd;wtu;fs;
tPufhuKdpia fle;Jjhd; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy
cs;sjhy; midtUk; topgl;Lr; nry;fpd;wdu;. ,j;nja;tj;jpw;F
(fhty; nja;tkhf ,Ug;gjhy;) gypapLjYk; epfo;fpd;wJ. gypapLk;
capupdkhf Nrty;> Ml;Lf;fplha; cs;sd.

njhy;Fbr; r%fKk; rpWnja;t topghLk;

njhy;Fbr; r%fj;jpw;Fk; rpWnja;tj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s

njhlu;ghdJ fhyq;fhykhf ,Uf;ff; $ba kpf Kf;fpakhd Xu;
mirTg; Nghf;fhf cs;sJ. xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpYk; xU
r%fkhdJ ve;j ,lj;jpy; ,aq;fp ,Ue;jhYk; mr;r%fj;jpw;Fj;
nja;t topghL Njitahdjhf ,Ue;Js;sJ.

njhy;Fbr; r%fkhf ,Ue;jhYk; ehfupfj;jpy; tsu;ej

;
r%fkhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtu;fSf;Fupa gw;Wf;NfhL nja;t
topghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; ,Ue;Js;sJ. mjd; mbg;gilapy;
njhy;Fbr; r%fj;jpy; Xuplj;ijf; fl;likf;f kpfKf;fpaf; $whf
topghL ,Ue;Js;sJ. mt;topghL midj;Jk; rpWnja;t
topghlhf cUthfpAs;sJ. mr;rpWnja;t topghNl Mjpr;r%f
tho;tpaypd; mbg;gilahf ,Ue;Js;sJ.

njhy;Fbr; r%fNk jUkGupg; gFjpapy; jpizf;Fbr;

r%fkhf khwpaJ vdyhk;. jUkGupg; gFjp jkpofj;jpd; tlf;F
vy;iyg; gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ. ,g;gFjp ,yf;fpaj;jpy;
95
„Gyk;ngau; kf;fs;;‟ vdg; Ngrg;gLk; gFjpahf cs;sJ. ,g;gFjp
Nka;r;rYk; Nka;r;riyr; rhu;ej
; gFjpahfTk; ,Ue;Js;sJ.

119
 FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy epyq;fs; ,Uf;ff;$ba kpf Kf;fpa
epyg;gFjpahf jUkGup fhzg;gLfpwJ. kiyAk;> fhLk; rhu;ej
;
gFjpapy; tho;e;j njhy;Fbr; r%fkhdJ mjpfkhf
,aq;fpajw;fhd rhd;Wfs; fpilf;Fk; fskhfj; jUkGupg; gFjp
cs;sij „Mepiyg;gs;sp‟96 vd;w mfehD}w;Wg; ghlybfs;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

jUkGupg; gFjpapy; „gs;sp‟ vd;gJ fhy;eilfis milj;J

itf;Fk; gl;biaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. jUkGup khtl;lk; nghk;kpb
mUNf cs;s Kj;jk;gl;bf; fpuhkj;jpYk;> jPu;jj
; kiyf;F mUNf
cs;s ngha;g;gl;b fpuhkj;jpYk; ,d;Wk; fhy;eilfis milj;J
itf;Fk; gl;biaf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.

njhy;Fbr; r%fj;jpy; kpf Kf;fpa mirTg; Nghf;fhfr;

rpWnja;t topghL ,Ue;Js;sJ. mr;r%fk; jUkGupg; gFjpapy;
epiyngw;W ,Ue;jjw;F ,uz;L fhuzq;fisf; $wyhk;.

1. Ntshz;ik nra;tjw;fhd $Wfs; kpff;FiwT.

2. Nka;r;rYf;fhd $Wfs; kpf mjpfk;.
,t;tifahd fhuzj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; fhy;eilr; r%fk;
Xuplj;jpy; epiyahf ,Uf;f ,ayhJ. MfNt fhy;eilr; r%fk;
Nka;r;ry; epyq;fis Nehf;fpg; Gyk;ngau Ntz;ba #oy;
Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thW Gyk;ngau;T epfOk;NghJ Nka;r;ry;
epyq;fisAk;> fhy;eilfisAk; ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba epiy
cz;lhfpAs;sJ.

fhy;eilfisf; fhg;gjw;fhd tPuu;fs; ,Ue;Js;sdu;

vd;gijg; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; cs;sd. giftu;fs;
ftu;eJ
; nrd;w Mepiufis kPlL
; g; Nghupy; ntw;wpngw;W capu;
ePjj
; tPuu;fSf;F eLfy; vLf;fg;gl;l nra;jpia>

120
 “tpy;ckpo; fUq;fiz %o;ff;>
97
nfhy;Gdy; rpiwapd; tpyq;fpNahd; fy;Ny”
vd;Dk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghlybfs; fhl;LfpwJ. Nghupy; ,we;J gl;l
tPuDf;F vLf;fg;gl;l eLfy; nry;Yk; topapy; cs;sJ. me;j
topahfr; nrd;why; eP mij topgl;Lr; nry;f vd;gij
,g;ghlybfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

jdJ fhy;eilr; nry;tq;fSf;F Mgj;J tUk;NghJ>

mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;fhf Vw;gl;l Nghupy; ,we;j tPuDf;F kupahij
nra;Ak; tpjkhf mt;tPuid topgLfpd;wdu;. mt;thW topgLk;
kugpid rpWnja;t topghl;bd; mbj;jsk; vdyhk;.

vtd; xUtd; jdJ cilikfisg; ghJfhf;fpd;whNdh>

my;yJ jdf;fhd ghJfhg;igj; jUfpd;whNdh mtd; Nghupy;
,we;j gpwF mtid epidTf; $Wk; tifapy; topgLk; kughdJ
njhy;Fbr; r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;Js;sJ vd;gjid mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.
,e;j tifapy; njhWg+ry; eLfy;> ghg;ghug;gl;b eLfy;> fhl;L
kpUfq;fSld; rz;ilapl;l tPuDf;fhf vLf;fg;gl;l
GypFj;jpg;gl;lhd; eLfy;> ,Usg;gl;b eLfy; Nghd;w eLfw;fs;
jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

eLfy; topghL

Nghupy; tPukuzk; va;jpa tPudpd; epidthfNth my;yJ

NtWtifapy; tPukuzk; va;jpatu;fspd; epidthfNth my;yJ
nraw;fupa nray; Gupe;jtu;fSf;fhfNth fy;el;L> mjpy;
mtu;fspd; cUtq;isAk;> ngau;fisAk;> tPur;nray;fisAk;
Fwpg;gpLtNj „eLfy;‟ my;yJ „tPuf;fy;‟ vd;gjhFk;. mg;gbg;gl;l
eLfw;fs; jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; rpWnja;tq;fshf mike;J
topglg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. eLfy;iy topgLfpd;w Kiwapidg;
gw;wp>

121
 “xd;dhj; njt;tu; Kd;epd;W tpyq;fp>
xspWVe;J kUg;gpd; fspW vwpe;J tPo;en
; jdf;
fy;Nygug;gpd; my;yJ
98
ney;cFj;Jg; guTk; flTSk; ,yNt”
vdg; GwehD}w;Wg; ghlnyhd;wpy; khq;Fbfpohu; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whu;.
rpwe;j g+f;fisAk;> ney;iyAk; nfhz;L topgLtjw;F
eLfy;iyj; jtpu NtW rpwe;jnja;tk; ,y;iy vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,t;topghl;LKiw ,d;Wk; jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy;
fPiug;gl;bf; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s Ntbag;gd; NfhapypYk;> nkhug;g+u;
gFjpapy; cs;s rpq;fhuj;Njhg;G KdP]t
; ud; NfhapypYk;
fhzKbfpd;wJ.

jUkGup khtl;l kf;fs; eLfy; nja;tq;isj; jiyKiwj;

jiyKiwahf topgLfpd;w tof;fj;jpid cilatu;fs;.
,t;topghL nghq;fy;> Mb mkhthir Nghd;w ehl;fspy;
eilngWfpd;wJ.

nghq;fYf;F Kjy; ehsd;W Kd;Ndhu;fis epidT$Wk;

tpjkhf mtu;fSf;F topghL elj;Jtu;. mg;nghOJ mtu;fSf;Fg;
gpbj;j czTg; gz;lq;fisg; gilj;J topgLtu;. ,t;topghL
fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; ,we;jtu;fisg; Gijj;j ,lj;jpy; topgl;L>
gpwF tPl;by; te;J topgLtu;. Gijj;j ,lk; ,y;iynad;why;
tPl;by; kl;Lk; topgLtu;. ,t;topghlhdJ eLfy; topghl;bd; ePl;rp
vd;W $wyhk;.

khl;Lg;nghq;fy; md;W khiy eLfy;iy topgLtu;. eLfy;

,y;yhj ,lkhf ,Ue;jhy; jw;fhypfkhf xU $k;Gf;fy; vLj;J
mjw;F ePuhl;b g+Tk;> nghl;Lk; itj;Jg; g+irf;F cz;lhd
nghUl;fisg; gilj;Jg; nghupiaj; J}tp topgLtu;.
,t;topghl;bid khl;bw;F „gr;irNghLjy;‟ vdf;$Wtu;.99 eLfy;ypd;

122
mUfpy; nghq;fy; itj;J> gilj;J mtw;wpw;Fr; Nrty;> ML
Nghd;wtw;iwg; gypapLthu;fs;. kJtiffisg; gilf;Fk;
tof;fKk; cz;L.

,t;thW rpWnja;t topghl;bd; NghJ ,uj;jg;gyp

nrYj;JtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhf cs;sJ. ,jpy; Nrty;> ML
Nghd;w tpyq;fpdq;fisAk; vYkpr;rk; gok;> nts;isg;
g+rzpf;fha; Nghd;wtw;wpy; rpfg;G (Fq;Fkk;) jltp ,uj;jg;
gypf;Fr; rkkhff; nfhLj;J topgLfpd;wdu;. ,t;topghL ,d;Wk;
jUkGup khtl;l kf;fshy; gutyhf topglg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jidj;
njhd;ik kugpd; ePlr
; p vd;W $wyhk;. ,k;kuG rq;ffhyj;jpypUe;Nj
njlu;eJ
; eilngw;W te;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gij>

“eLfy; gPyp #l;b> Jbg;gLj;Jj;

100
Njhg;gpf; fs;nshL J&cg;gyp nfhLf;Fk;”
vd;Dk; mfehD}w;Wg; ghlybfs; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.

kzpfs; xypf;Fk; Ntypid cila kotu; gifg;Gyj;jpy;

,Ue;J gRf;fisf; ftu;eJ
; tu> kwtuhfpa fue;ij tPuu;
mtu;fis vjpu;j;Jg;; gRf;fis kPlF
; k; NghJ ,we;jtu;fSf;F
eLfy; vLj;J kapypwF #l;bj; Jbf;nfhl;b ney;ypdhy; rikj;j
fs;NshL nrk;kwpahl;Lf; Fl;biag; gypnfhLj;J topgl;lijf;
fhzKbfpwJ.

,e;j eLfy; topghl;bidf; Nfhapy;fspy; nra;Ak; NghJ>

Neu;jj
; pf;fldhf kz;zhy; nra;ag;gl;l Fjpiug; nghk;ikfisAk;>
Nty;> ths;> fj;jp Nghd;w Majq;fisAk; itj;J topgLfpd;wdu;;
vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

123
eLfy; topghl;bd; njhd;ikAk; kuGk;

rq;f fhyj;jpypUe;J eLfy; topghl;L kuG njhlu;e;J

te;Js;sJ. ,e;eLfy; topghl;bidg; gw;wpj; njhy;fhg;gpau;
fhyj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; Fwpg;G Kjd;ikahdjhf ,Ue;jhYk;>
mjw;F Kd;Ng kpf ePz;l tuyhw;iw cila jkpo;r;r%f kf;fs;
tho;e;jjw;fhd jilaq;fSk;> milahsq;fSk;> rhd;WfSk;
jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; fpilj;Js;sd.

xU r%fkhdJ FOthf ,aq;Fk;NghJ mf;FOTf;F

cz;lhd jd;ik Nrfupj;jYk;> gfpu;jYkhFk;. mg;NghJ
mf;FOitr; rhu;ej
; tu;fs; ,we;jhYk; my;yJ jd; FOitf;
(,dkf;fis) fhf;f kw;nwhU FONthL Nghupl;L ,we;jtu;fis
epidTgLj;jf;$ba kughdJ ,Ue;Js;sJ. ,JNt
kpfj;njhd;ikahd kuG vdyhk;.

,e;j eLfy; topghL vd;gJ ,we;jtDf;F kl;Lk; xU

neLq;fy;yhf ,y;yhky; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; kUtp me;j tPudpd;
cUtk;> ngau;> Nghu;r;nray;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw tpsf;Fk; tpjkhf
mike;Js;sJ. mt;tPud; ntWk; epidthf ,Ue;jtd; eLfy;
%yk; nja;tkhf khw;wg;gLfpd;whd;.

,k;kuG jkpo;r;r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;Js;sJ vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;whf

jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; nrk;kds;sp CupYs;s eLfy;ypy; tPudpd;
tyJ ifapy; FWthis Xq;fpa epiyapYk;> ,lJ ifapy;
<l;biag; gpbj;j epiyapYk; cs;sJ. mt;tPudpd; mUfpy; Fjpiu
xd;W fl;lg;gl;l epiyapy; cs;sJ.

xt;nthU eLfy;Yk; vjw;fhf vLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;w

fhuzj;ijj; jhq;fp epw;fpd;wJ. mjpy; fhy;eilfisf; ftu;jy;>
kPl;ly; njhlu;ghd eLfw;fNs ,k;khtl;lj;jpy; kpFjpahf cs;sd.
NkYk; fhy;eilfisAk; kf;fisAk; Jd;GWj;jf; $ba fhl;L

124
tpyq;FfSld; rz;ilapl;L capu;ePjj
; tPuu;fSf;Fk;> ehL eyk;
ngwj; jd; jiyia ntl;bf; nfhw;witf;Ff; fhzpf;ifahff;
nfhLj;j tPuDf;fhf vLf;fg;gl;l eLfw;fs;101 (etfz;lk;) vd
mwpAk; tifapYk; jUkGup khtl;lj;jpy; mike;Js;sd.

,k;khtl;lj;jpy; ,d;Wk; eLfy; topghl;bd; vr;rkhf

Ntbag;gd;> Kdpag;gd;> nts;isag;gd;> tPugj;jpud;> tPufhuKdp>
Nghj;JtPud; Nghd;w nja;tq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fp.gp. 7k;
E}w;whz;L Kjy; eLfw;fs; Vuhskhf jUkGupg; gFjpapy;
fpilj;Js;sd. mtw;Ws; xUrpy eLfw;fNs topghl;by; cs;sd.
,jid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l eLfw;fs; jUkGup khtl;l mfo;
itg;gfj;jpy; fhl;rpf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

jUkGup khtl;l kf;fs; ,we;jtu;fSf;F Mz;Lf;F

xUKiw gilaypl;L topgLfpd;wdu;. ,we;jtu;fs; jk;NkhL
tho;e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; ekf;F vt;tsNth ed;ikfisr;
nra;jpUf;fpd;wdu;. mjd; fhuzkhf mtu;fspd; epidTfis
kdg;gjptpd; %ykhf gpd;Ndhf;fpg; ghu;g;gjd; %yk; ,we;jtiu
topgLk; tof;fk; Njhd;wpapUf;fyhk;. eLfy;iyj; njhOJr;
nrd;why; ed;ik fpilf;Fk; vd;gjd; mbg;gilapy; jUkGup
khtl;l kf;fs; topgLfpd;wdu;.

,jd; mbg;gilapy; jUkGup khtl;lj;jpYs;s kQ;rthbf;

fztha; vDk; gFjpapy; nts;isag;gd; topghL epfo;fpd;wJ.
nts;isag;gd; Nfhapiyf; fle;J nry;Yk; thfd Xl;bfs;>
mt;topahfg; gazk; nra;Ak; kf;fs; kw;Wk; mjd; Rw;Wtl;lhug;
gFjpfspy; trpf;Fk; kf;fs; jq;fspd; Ntz;Ljy;fis itj;J
topgl;Lr; nry;fpd;wdu;. nts;isag;gd; eLfy; topghlhdJ
,d;Wk; eilKiwapy; cs;sJ. ,q;F itf;fg;gl;l Ntz;Ljy;fs;
epiwNtwpdhy; Qhapw;Wf;fpoik ehsd;W ML> Nrty;
Nghd;wtw;iw gyp;nfhLj;J nts;isag;gdpd; MAjdkhd Nty;>

125
fj;jp> <l;b Nghd;w MAjq;fisf; fhzpf;ifahfr; nrYj;jp;
topgLfpd;wdu;.

njhFg;Giu

topghL vd;gJ xUtupd; ek;gpf;iff;F mg;ghw;gl;l nra;jp.

mJ fhyq;fhykhf jiyKiwj; jiyKiwahf ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs;;
ek;gp tUfpd;w> filgpbj;J tUfpd;w> gpd;gw;wp tUfpd;w kuG
vdyhk;.

jd;NdhL ,aq;fpatu;fs; ,we;Jg; Nghd gpd;G mtu;fspd;

epidit kdg;gjptpd; topNa Rkg;gijf; fhl;bYk;
me;epidTfis kPs; cUthf;fk; nra;aTk; mr;r%fj;ij
xUq;fpizf;fTk; rpWnja;tq;fNs ngupJk; Jizahf epw;fpd;wd.

kf;fshy; kf;fs; eyDf;fhf Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;litNa

rpWnja;t topghlhFk;. ,r;rpWnja;tq;fs; jUkGup
khtl;lj;jpYs;s midj;J kf;fisAk; fhf;Fk; nja;tq;fshf
cs;sd.

,aw;ifapd; rPww
; j;ijf; fz;L mQ;rpa kdpjd; mjd;
rPw;wj;ij mikjpg;gLj;j topghl;il cUthf;fpdhd;. mt;thW
cUthf;fg;gl;l jUkGup khtl;lr; rpWnja;tq;fshd Ntbag;gd;>
Kdpag;gd;> tPugj;jpud;> nts;isag;gd;> Nghj;JtPud;> tPufhuKdp
Nghd;w fpuhkj;J nja;tq;fs;> mtw;wpw;F toq;Fk; fijfs; %yk;
kf;fspd; tho;f;ifapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.

rpWnja;t topghl;by; g+irf;nfd;W fhyNeuk; ,y;iy.

mtutu; tpUk;gpdhy; ve;jehspYk; ve;jNeuj;jpYk; nghq;fy;
itj;Jg; g+ir nra;J topglyhk;. ,j;nja;tq;fSf;Fg; g+ir
nra;tjw;nfd;Wj; jdpahf ahUk; epakpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

126
 ,j;nja;tq;fSf;Fg; gypapLjy; Kf;fpa mq;fkhf
mikfpd;wJ. rupahd g+rhupfs; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy; topghl;bd;
NghJ mUs; te;Njhu; fle;jfhyk;> vjpu;fhyk; gw;wpf;$WtJk;
cz;L.

rpWnja;t topghl;L Kiwfs; xt;nthU CUf;Fk; xU rpy

khWghLfs; ,Ug;gpDk; ngUk;;ghyhd topghl;L Kiwfs; xNu
khjpupahfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

rpWnja;t topghl;L KiwahdJ fpuhk kf;;fspd;

tho;tpaNyhL ,ize;Jk;> mk;kf;fspd; gz;ghl;Lf;$Wfspy;
xd;whfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,j;nja;tq;fis mtutu; rhjpfSf;F
Vw;w tifapy; itj;J topgLfpd;wdu;.

rpWnja;tj;ij ,tu;fs;jhd; topglNtz;Lk; vd;w

fl;lhakpy;iy. Mdhy; mr;rpWnja;tj;ij vq;fSilaJ vd;W
cupik nfhz;lhLgtu;fs; cz;L.

,f;Nfhapy;fspy; gpuhkzu;fs; g+ir nra;tjpy;iy. gpuhkzu;

my;yhNjhu; kl;LNk g+iria Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

gz;ilaj; jkpouplk; epiyg;ngw;wpUe;j eLfy; topghNl

ehsiltpy; rpWnja;t topghlhf khwpaJ. ,e;eLfy;Ny
Fynja;tkhf> fhty;nja;tkhf ,k;khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

rpWnja;tk; vdg;gLgit kpfg;goikahd ek;gpf;iffisAk;>

czu;TfisAk; jhq;fp epw;gitahFk;. xU fpuhkj;jpw;F xd;wpw;F
Nkw;gl;l rpWnja;tq;fs; topghl;by; cs;sd. ,j;nja;tq;fs;
%yk; jUkGup khtl;l kf;fspd; gz;ghL kw;Wk; tho;f;if
Kiwfis czuKbfpd;wJ.

127
 mbf;Fwpg;Gfs;

1. ifyhrgjp.f> r%f ,aYk; ,yf;fpaKk;> g.v:21.

2. ew;wpiz> gh.v:215 tup:1>2.
3. njhy;.nghUs;.mfk;> E}.v:18.
4. FWe;njhif> gh.v:218 tup:1>2.
5. mfehD}W> gh.v:309 tup:4-6.
6. FWe;njhif> gh.v:218 tup:1>2.
7. rpyg;gjpfhuk;> Gfhu;fhz;lk;> tup:64-66.
8. gl;bdg;ghiy> tup:86-93.
9. mfehD}W> gh.v:232 tup:14.
10. GwehD}W> gh.v:194 tup:5.
11. kJiuf;fhQ;rp> tu :455.
12. GwehD}W> gh.v:378 tup:18.
13. jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil> tup:41.
14. NkyJ> tup:68.
15. NkyJ> tup:47.
16. ew;wpiz> gh.v:288 tup:1.
17. rpyg;gjpfhuk;> Gfhu;fhz;lk;> tup:66>67.
18. rpyg;gjpfhuk;> mow;gL fhij> tup:27-33.
19. rpyg;gjpfhuk;> fdhj;jpwk; ciuj;j fhij> tup:1-3.
20. R.rz;KfRe;juk;> ehl;Lg;Gwj; nja;tq;fs;> g.v:1.
21. ew;wpiz> gh.v:9 tup:1>2.
22. fypj;njhif> nea;jy; jpid> gh.v:32 tup:21>22.
23. Kdpuh[;> (Nrhiyf;nfhl;lha;) vd;gtUld; 22.07.2014 md;W
Ma;thsu; fye;JiuahbaJ.
24. nghd;Drhkp> (Nrhiyf;nfhl;lha;) vd;gtUld; 22.07.2014 md;W
Ma;thsu; fye;JiuahbaJ.
25. GwehD}W> gh.v:10 tup:1.
26. gp.vy;.rhkp> jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; jha;j;nja;t topghL> g.v:98.

128
27. gp.vy;.rhkp> jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; jha;j;nja;t topghL> g.v:98.
28. fofj;jkpo; mufuhjp> g.v:825.
29. vk;.,uh[Nfhghy;> Mz;kpfk; jiof;Fk; mUk;ngUk; Myaq;fs;> g.v:32.
30. jpU%yh; jpUke;jpuk;> gh.v:3.
31. jp.F.,utpr;re;jpud;> csg;gFg;gha;T mwptpay;> g.v:140.
32. r.fzgjpuhkd;> jpUney;Ntypg; gFjpapy; rpWnja;t topghL> g.v:1.
33. R.rz;KfRe;juk;> ehl;lhu; nja;tq;fs;> g.v:33.
34. jpUehTf;furu; Njthuk;> kWkhw;Wj;jhz;lfk;> gh.v:51.
35. jpUtUl;gh> gps;isg; ngUtpz;zg;gk;> gh.v:59.
36. jpUney;Ntypg; gFjpapy; rpWnja;t topghL> g.v:9.
37. NkyJ> g.v:13.
38. xsitahu;> ey;top – flTs; tho;j;J.
39. jp.F.,utpr;re;jpud;> csg;gFg;gha;T mwptpay;> g.v:135.
40. fofj;jkpo; mufuhjp> g.v:757.
41. jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil> tup:258>
42. mfehD}W> gh.v:272 tup:3
43. gp.vy;.rhkp> jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; jha;j;nja;t topghL> g.v:80.
44. nfhse;ij> (mk;khghisak;) vd;gtUld; 05.06.2015 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
45. rptypq;fk;;> (mjpfhug;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 27.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
46. Ntbag;gd;> (mjpfhug;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 27.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
47. ,uhN[e;jpud;> (,Usg;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 27.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
48. NkyJ.
49. fhspag;gd;> (,Usg;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 27.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
50. NkyJ.

129
51. jdghy;;> (,Usg;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 27.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
52. ,e;jpuhzp> (,Usg;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 27.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
53. kq;fk;khs;;> (,Usg;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 27.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
54. gp.NrJuhkd;> ehl;LG;Gwg; gonkhopfs; g.v : 315
55. jdghf;fpak;> (Gspak;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 31.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
56. f.g.mwthzd;> ghk;G topghL> g.v:72.
57. Fg;Grhkp;> (Gl;bnul;bg;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 31.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
58. NkyJ.
59. NkyJ.
60. fiyaurd;> (N[.ghisak;) vd;gtUld; 25.07.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
61. rk;gj;> (jUkGup) vd;gtUld; 29.12.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
62. nja;thid> (jUkGup) vd;gtUld; 24.12.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
63. Nghj;Juh[h> (fTz;lk;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 24.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
64. KDrhkp (G+ry;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 25.03.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
65. NkyJ.
66. Nrl;L> (mk;khghisak;) vd;gtUld; 24.01.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
67. NkyJ.
68. mfehD}W> gh.v:156 tup:13-16.
69. gp.vy;.rhkp> jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; jha;j;nja;t topghL> g.v:4

130
70. jpU%u;j;jp> (m&u;-<r;rk;ghb) vd;gtUld; 16.02.2015 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
71. NkyJ.
72. jq;fkzp> (m&u;-<r;rk;ghb) vd;gtUld;16.02.2015 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
73. NkyJ.
74. khupKj;J> (ePg;ge;Jiw) vd;gtUld; 20.02.2015 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
75. ehfg;gd;> (ePg;ge;Jiw) vd;gtUld; 20.02.2015 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
76. NkyJ.
77. ntw;wpNty;> (vyg;Gilahk;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 22.03.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
78. FNge;jpud;> (fPiug;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 22.03.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
79. Nrl;L> (fPiug;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 22.03.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
80. jpUg;gjp> (fPiug;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 22.03.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
81. Nrl;L> (fPiug;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 22.03.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
82. rp.khzpf;fk;> fpUl;bzfpup khtl;l td;dpa Fyg;gz;ghLfs;> g.v:92.
83. jpUthrfk;> gh.v:3.
84. GwehD}W> gh.v:335 tup:11>12.
85. rptypq;fk;> (gp.mf;u`huk;) vd;gtUld; 25.03.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
86. khJ> (Nriyf;nfhl;lha;) vd;gtUld; 22.07.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
87. fe;jrhkp> (Nriyf;nfhl;lha;) vd;gtUld; 22.07.2014 md;W
Ma;thsu;fye;JiuahbaJ.

131
88. fe;jrhkp> (Nriyf;nfhl;lha;) vd;gtUld; 22.07.2014 md;W
Ma;thsu;fye;JiuahbaJ.
89. Nfhtpe;jk;khs;> (jUkGhp) vd;gtUld; 29.12.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
90. Re;juk;> (ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 06.01.2015 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
91. Nfhtpe;jd;> (ghg;gpnul;bg;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 06.01.2015 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
92. ,yl;Rkzd;> (nts;isag;gd; Nfhapy;) vd;gtUld; 09.01.2015 md;W
Ma;thsu; fye;JiuahbaJ.
93. NkyJ.
94. fiythzd;> (jUkGup) vd;gtUld; 29.12.2014 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
95. rpyg;gjpfhuk;> flyhL fhij> tup:130.
96. mfehD}W> gh.v:107 tup:8.
97. GwehD}W> gh.v:263 tup:7>8.
98. NkyJ> gh.v:335 tup:9-13.
99. jq;fNty;> (mjpfhug;gl;b) vd;gtUld; 20.06.15 md;W Ma;thsu;
fye;JiuahbaJ.
100. mfehD}W> gh.v:35 tup:8>9.
101. jp.Rg;gpukzpad;> jUkGup eLfy; mfo;itg;gfk;> ifNaL g.v:35.

132