A Beginner's Arduino Guide/Arduino

Language
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The Arduino Language is the set of words, expressions and rules that are used to create Arduino
Sketches.

The Arduino Language is based on C and C++

The Arduino Language allows for the use of any functions from the 'AVR Libc' which is a subset
of the standard C library for Atmel AVR 8-bit RISC micro-controllers

The language is made up of keywords that are written based on rules.

Arduino Keywords
The keywords used to create the sketches can be divided into three types- Functions ,Structures
and Values ( Values can be either Constants or Variables).

Below are a non-exhaustive list of standard Arduino sketch words, to add words, new libraries
can be imported into the IDE.

Functions

are small groups of code that do a single task or group of tasks (they have one function). they
include

Category Keyword
 pinMode()
 digitalWrite()
Digital I/O
 digitalRead()

 analogReference()
 analogRead()
Analog I/O
 analogWrite() - PWM

 analogReadResolution()
Due & Zero only  analogWriteResolution()

Advanced I/O  tone()

 Category Keyword
 noTone()
 shiftOut()
 shiftIn()
 pulseIn()

 millis()
 micros()
Time  delay()
 delayMicroseconds()

 min()
 max()
 abs()
 constrain()
Math
 map()
 pow()
 sqrt()

 sin()
 cos()
Trigonometry
 tan()

 isAlphaNumeric()
 isAlpha()
 isAscii()
 isWhitespace()
 isControl()
 isDigit()
 isGraph()
Characters
 isLowerCase()
 isPrintable()
 isPunct()
 isSpace()
 isUpperCase()
 isHexadecimalDigit()

 randomSeed()
Random Numbers  random()

Bits and Bytes  lowByte()

 highByte()
 bitRead()
 Category Keyword
 bitWrite()
 bitSet()
 bitClear()
 bit()

 attachInterrupt()
External Interrupts  detachInterrupt()

 interrupts()
Interrupts  noInterrupts()

 Serial
Communication  Stream

 Keyboard
USB (32u4 based boards and Due/Zero only)  Mouse

Structures these are words used to create a flow or structure in the program. they include

Category Keyword
 setup()
Overall Structure  loop()

 if
 if...else
 for
 switch case
 while
Control Structures  do... while
 break
 continue
 return
 goto

 = (assignment operator)
 +  (addition)
 - (subtraction)
Arithmetic Operators  * (multiplication)
 / (division)
 % (modulo)
 Category Keyword
 == (equal to)
 != (not equal to)
 < (less than)
Comparison Operators  > (greater than)
 <= (less than or equal to)
 >= (greater than or equal to)

 && (and)
 || (or)
Boolean Operators
 ! (not)

 & (bitwise and)
 | (bitwise or)
 ^ (bitwise xor)
Bitwise Operators  ~ (bitwise not)
 << (bitshift left)
 >> (bitshift right)

 ++ (increment)
 -- (decrement)
 += (compound addition)
 -= (compound subtraction)
 *= (compound multiplication)
Compound Operators
 /= (compound division)
 %= (compound modulo)
 &= (compound bitwise and)
 |= (compound bitwise or)

 * dereference operator
Pointer Access Operators  & reference operator

 ; (semicolon)
 {} (curly braces)
 // (single line comment)
Syntax  /* */ (multi-line comment)
 #define
 #include

Values
these act like containers and hold a certain value they may be constant which implies a container
whose value that doesn't change throughout the program or a variable, which implies a container
whose value that does change.

Category Keyword
 HIGH | LOW
 INPUT | OUTPUT | INPUT_PULLUP
 LED_BUILTIN
Constants  true | false
 integer constants
 floating point constants

 void
 boolean
 char
 unsigned char
 byte
 int
 unsigned int
 word
Data Types  long
 unsigned long
 short
 float
 double
 string - char array
 String - object
 array

 char()
 byte()
 int()
Conversion  word()
 long()
 float()

 variable scope
 static
Variable Scope & Qualifiers  volatile
 const

 sizeof()
Utilities  PROGMEM
Categories:

 One-page books
 Book:A Beginner's Arduino Guide

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 This page was last edited on 7 February 2018, at 23:25.

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