COMP-533 Model-Driven Software Development

Assignment 2

Video Slot Machine

Operation Model and Protocol Model

(10% of final grade)

1 Problem Statement
Traditional slot machines (see picture on the left side of Fig. 1) have in recent years been replaced by video slot machines
(see picture on the right of Fig. 1). Your task is to elaborate the requirements for a video slot machine, which allows users
to gamble credits on spinning reels as described in this document. The requirements described here are taken from a real
video slot machine requirements document from industry, but have been shortened to fit the scope of this requirement.
In particular, the legislative regulations have been heavily simplified.

2 High-level Game Description

The game is played by wagering credits on the spinning reels. The player can buy credits by inserting coins, bills or tickets
in the corresponding acceptors of the Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM) at any time. Credits wagered are subtracted
from the player credit meter, and subsequent winnings are added to it. At any time, the current credits meter is displayed
on the screen, as well as the credits bet for the current game, the last game outcome, and the credits won in the last game.
Before playing, the player can select options such as bet level or which paylines should be active.
When pressing a play button, the game starts and the outcome is decided by a random number generator. This
outcome is displayed as spinning reels, that successively stop spinning. Prizes for winning combinations can be looked up
on a paytable screen, and some prizes are also displayed in the advertising glass readily visible in the EGM. A special
combination awards a host-controlled progressive prize. The player can request to cash his credits out of the machine
whenever the reels are not spinning.
If a player ceases to play, i.e., the EGM is idle for a specified amount of time, the machine starts playing an attract
animation until a new player inserts a coin or presses one of the buttons.

Figure 1: Mechanical Slot Machine (left) and Video Slot Machine (right)

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3 Additional Game Details
3.1 Credits and Promotional Credits
The unit for bets and wins is the “credit”. The credit-to-currency conversion ratio can be configured for each EGMs.
Typically, a credit is worth $0.25, but machines allowing higher wagers, such as $100 per credit, are not uncommon.
Players can buy credits by inserting coins or bills in the corresponding acceptors of the EGM. A special “ticket slot”
also accepts tickets issued by a central casino authority that represent a certain amount of money. To validate a ticket, the
EGM needs to communicate with the SAS (Slot Accounting System) host. Tickets are gaining popularity and importance,
as more and more modern casinos move towards cashless gaming. To attract customers, some casinos also distribute
special tickets that contain “promotional credits” that a player can redeem at an EGM to play. These restricted credits,
however, can not be converted to currency (cashed out). They must be used for wagering.
Depending on the installed and configured hardware, the current value of credits may be cashed out by a coin hopper,
a ticket printer or be hand paid by an attendant. Again, ticket cash out requires a online connection with the SAS host.
Winning a prize larger than a certain value forces the prize to be paid by an attendant, who in turn is obliged to notify the
IRS (Internal Revenue Service). Winning such a prize suspends the game and puts the EGC in a handpay lockup. Only
after the attendant acknowledged the payout and reset the condition (see subsection 3.6.3 below), the game is playable
again.

3.2 Reels
There are typically 5 reels in a slot machine, each one with a fixed number of “slots” (typically 22, but there could be more
or less). Each slot displays an icon. The visual appearance of the icons is usually aligned with the theme of the EGM. On
each reel, a given icon can appear multiple times.

3.3 Paylines
Mechanical slot machines typically only offer one payline: the icons shown in the center of each reel are used to form one
5-icon combination, and then used to lookup the amount won, if any, in the paytable. Video slot machines offer the player
the possibility to activate more than one payline. In the stopped position, each reel shows 5 icons (at index -2, -1, 0, 1,
and 2). The standard payline looks at the icons at index (0,0,0,0,0). However, additional paylines include the other 4 lines
(e.g., -1,-1,-1,-1,-1), or diagonals (e.g. -2, -1, 0, 1, 2), or even waves (0, -1, 0, 1, 0). Fig. 2 shows an example of 30 possible
paylines that are available in the Cops n’ Bandits video slot machine. Of course, when n paylines are active, each game
uses n times the selected wager.

3.4 Out of Service

Any hardware malfunction or possible security threat, along with any maintenance operations, may put the EGM in an
“Out of Service” state. While out of service, the EGM is not playable. The attendant light on top of the machine is
activated to help the attendant locate the machine that needs service, the SAS is notified, and a window is displayed on
the main screen that indicates the out of service condition together with the reason of that condition. The list of reasons
that may put EGM in this condition is:

• Maintenance Mode: which can be activated by the assistant on the main assistant screen, or activated remotely by
the SAS
• SAS communication error
• Any monitored door is open (main door, card cage door, cash box, belly door or slot door).

• Errors in bill validator: Stacker Full, Bill Jam, Counterfeit bill detected, Bill rejected (reason other than counterfeit
bill)
• Errors in printer: Out of paper, Paper low, Carriage jammed
• Errors in coin comparator: Coin in tilt

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 Figure 2: Cops n’ Bandits 30 Paylines

Each out of service condition can be reset by fixing the problem (for cases like network error, or door open), or resetting
the condition using the option “Return To Service” in the main assistant menu, or resetting it remotely by the SAS. This
returns the EGM to normal mode (i.e. the attendant light is switched off and the game is playable again).

3.5 Progressive Jackpot

The EGM can be connected to a progressive prize, i.e., a jackpot shared by a group of EGMs that are connected to the
SAS host. If enabled, the EGM transmits upon every bet a fraction of that bet to the SAS host (e.g. 1%), together with
the configured group ID for the progressive jackpot, which must match an existing group ID configured in the SAS host
and in every other machine contributing to the same jackpot. Periodically, the SAS host communicates the current value
of the progressive jackpot to all EGMs, which typically display the current value on screen to stimulate the current player
or attract new players.
If a player wins the progressive jackpot, the EGM communicates instantly with the SAS host, which then communicates
the final value to the EGM and resets the jackpot.

3.6 Auditing and Configuration

In most countries, stringent laws oversee the construction and use of EGM used for gambling. The following section
describes simplified requirements dictated by the Nevada State Gaming Control Board for video slot machines. Access
to auditing options is given to casino staff after identifying themselves with attendant or operator keys, both leading the
user to the assistant menu screen. If entered using an operator key, a button labeled “Operator” will be displayed, giving
the user additional access to a configuration and administrative options screen.

3.6.1 Last Game Events

The main assistant screen gives the auditor access to the last important events that have occurred. Events that are logged
are:
• Power on date and time
• Error conditions (see subsection 3.4 above)
• Coins, Bills and Tickets in and out
• Handpays

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 • Game events with full details (credits bet, paylines selected, reel positions, credits won per payline)

3.6.2 Meters
In addition, the Nevada Technical Standard for Gaming Devices requires the following meters for proper accounting
purposes:
• Coin In: The total value of credits bet (corresponds to NV 2.040(a))

• Coin Out: The total value of credits directly paid by the EGM as a result of winning wagers (i.e., excluding hand
pays) (corresponds to NV 2.040(b))
• Total Accepted: Total credits inserted into the EGM by any means (coins, bills, tickets). (corresponds to NV 2.040(f)
plus NV 2.040(h) plus all accepted tickets)

• Total Jackpot: Total credits paid by an attendant as a result of jackpot handpays (corresponds to NV 2.040(d))
• Total Cancelled: Total value of credits cashed out from the EGM by any means (coins, ticket, handpays not due to
a jackpot win) (corresponds to NV 2.040(e) plus NV 2.040(g) plus printed tickets)
You can find details on the meters on the “Proper Accounting for Gaming Devices” document available from the Nevada
State Gaming Control Board website: http://gaming.nv.gov/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=2918

3.6.3 Handpay Lockups

When the player is awarded a prize greater than or equal to the IRS limit set for the EGM, whether the prize is a
progressive or a paytable jackpot, the SAS is notified and game goes into handpay lockup state, not letting the user play
until an assistant resets the handpay. When the assistant enters the EGM auditing menu, the main assistant screen is
replaced by the handpay screen, where the jackpot is displayed in accounting and player credits. When the assistant
performs the handpay, the handpay is registered and the game becomes playable again. The player credits remain as
before winning the jackpot.

3.6.4 Operator Menu

An operator, as opposed to an assistant, has access to the operator menu, which gives access to configuration options of
the EGM. For instance, the operator can:
• Select the language used for displaying text on screen

• Set the time span after which an idle machine starts playing an attract animation
• Set the IP address of the SAS
• Set the limits for bets, if any

• Set the monetary value of a credit

• Set the PIN and timout value for the demo mode (see subsection 3.8)
• Enable the progressive jackpot and set the percentage of wager transmitted to the SAS
• Print and then reset the meter period used for accounting. The ticket printer is used to output all meter values, and
then they are reset and the log is cleared.

3.7 Remote Configuration

The SAS can remotely retrieve auditing information on the EGM (such as meters and last events), as well as set certain
configuration parameters. For instance, the SAS can set the EGM time remotely, thus making it possible to synchronize
time on all networked EGMs of a casino. Also, the SAS can reset handpays to credits remotely, which relieves the assistant
from intervention. In this case, the jackpot amount is added to the player credits.

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 SlotMachine *

Gamble <<in
e>> clud <<includ
clud e >> e>>
<<in Player

BuyCredits PlayGame CashOut

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end

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e xt

<<
1 BuyCredits BuyCredits CashOut CashOut 1

<<

<<inc

<<inc
ex
WithCoins WithBills Ticket Coin

ten
lude>

ds
>>
Coin Redeem Coin

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Comparator Ticket Hopper
Progressive
1 1
Jackpot

Test Handpay
Bill Ticket
Select
Validator Printer
Outcome
1 Audit 1
Attract
Configure
Player
Ticket SASHost
Reader
1 * * 1

Display Operator Attendant AttendantLight

Figure 3: Slot Machine Use Case Diagram

3.8 Demo Mode

For game exhibitions, testing and certification purpose, the EGM has a demo mode, which can be activated by flipping a
physical switch that can only be reached after opening the doors of the EGM with an operator key. Additionally, a PIN
number needs to be entered. While in demo mode, the operator can add extra credits to the current player meter, or force
the winning of some prize. If the operator is inactive for a certain amount of time, the PIN code must be reentered before
the demo features can be accessed again. None of the actions performed during the demo mode should affect the meters of
the EGM (see subsection 3.6.2). Likewise, when the demo mode is disabled, the current player credits, last game outcome
and last credits won should be restored to hold the values that they contained before entering the demo mode.

4 Use Case Model

The use case model of the Slot Machine has already been established. The use cases and their relationships are summarized
in figure 3. The individual descriptions of each use case are shown below.

Gamble Use Case

Use Case: Gamble
Scope: EGM
Level: User-goal (could be summary)
Intention in Context: The intention of the Player is to have fun by gambling money on the spinning reels of the EGM,
hoping to walk away with more money in the end.
Multiplicity: Only one Player can gamble at the EGM at a given time.
Primary Actor: Player
Secondary Actor: AttendantLight, SASHost
Precondition: EGM is in service.

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Main Success Scenario:
1. Player buys credits.
Step 1 can be repeated any number of times, and execute even in parallel with 2.
2. Player plays a game on the EGM.
Step 2 can be repeated any number of times, until the Player decides to cash out his money.
3. Player cashes out the current credits.
Extensions:
1a. Player is not able to buy credits. Use case ends in failure.
(2-3)a. Player has no credits left. Use case ends in success.
(1-3)a. The CoinComparator, BillValidator, TicketReader, CoinHopper or TicketPrinter notify the System of a problem.
(1-3)a.1. System turns on AttendantLight.
(1-3)a.2. System notifies SASHost and goes out of service, waiting for maintenance. Use case ends in failure.

BuyCreditsWithCoins Use Case

Use Case: BuyCreditsWithCoins
Scope: EGM
Level: Subfunction-level (could be user goal)
Intention in Context: The intention of the Player is to buy credits for the EGM in exchange of coins.
Multiplicity: Only one Player can buy credits at the EGM at a given time.
Primary Actor: Player
Secondary Actor: CoinComparator
Main Success Scenario:
Step 1 and 2 can be repeated as many times as desired.
1. CoinComparator informs System that the Player inserted a coin.
2. System informs Player about his current credits.
Extensions:
1a. CoinComparator informs System of an error. Use case ends in failure.

BuyCreditsWithBills Use Case

Use Case: BuyCreditsWithBills
Scope: EGM
Level: Subfunction-level (could be user goal)
Intention in Context: The intention of the Player is to buy credits for the EGM in exchange of bills.
Multiplicity: Only one Player can buy credits at the EGM at a given time.
Primary Actor: Player
Secondary Actor: BillValidator, Player
Main Success Scenario:
Step 1 and 2 can be repeated as many times as desired.
1. BillValidator informs System that the Player inserted a bill.
2. System informs Player about his current credits.
Extensions:
1a. BillValidator informs System of an error. Use case ends in failure.
2a. System does not accept the kind of bill the Player inserted.
2a.1 System informs Player that the inserted bill is not accepted.
2a.2 System commands BillValidator to eject the bill. Use case ends in failure.

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RedeemTicket Use Case
Use Case: RedeemTicket
Scope: EGM
Level: Subfunction-level (could be user goal)
Intention in Context: The intention of the Player is to buy credits for the EGM in exchange of a ticket.
Multiplicity: Only one Player can buy credits at the EGM at a given time.
Primary Actor: Player
Secondary Actor: TicketReader, SASHost, Player
Main Success Scenario:
Step 1 and 4 can be repeated as many times as desired.
1. TicketReader informs System that the Player inserted a ticket.
2. System contacts SASHost to validate ticket.
3. SASHost notifies S ystem that ticket is valid.
4. System informs Player about his current credits.
Extensions:
1a. TicketReader informs System of an error. Use case ends in failure.
3a. SASHost notifies System that ticked is invalid.
2a.1 System informs Player that the inserted ticket is not valid.
2a.2 System commands TicketReader to eject the ticket. Use case continues at step 1.

PlayGame Use Case

Use Case: PlayGame
Scope: EGM
Level: User Goal
Intention in Context: The intention of the Player is to have fun by betting a specific amount of money on the spinning
reels, hoping for a good outcome.
Multiplicity: Only one Player can play a game at the EGM at a given time.
Primary Actor: Player
Secondary Actor: SASHost
Main Success Scenario:
1. Player informs System about the amount of credits that she wants to bet.
2. Player informs the System which paylines to use.
Step 1 and 2 can be done in any order. Step 2 can also be skipped, in which case the previously selected paylines are
active.
3. Player instructs System to start the game.
4. System determines the outcome of the game and communicates it to the Player.
5. System determines the amount of credits won and communicates the amount to the Player.
Extensions:
1a || Player informs the System that he wants to consult the paytable.
1a ||.1 System displays paytable for Player. Use case continues at step 1.
5a. System is not in demo mode and determines that the amount won is above or equal to the IRS win limit.
5a.1 System performs handpay. Use case ends in success.

Use Case: ProgressiveJackpot

Use Case: ProgressiveJackpot (extends PlayGame)
Scope: EGM
Level: User Goal
Intention in Context: The intention of the casino is to make the slot machine game more exciting for players by
providing a progressive jackpot shared by several EGMs.
Multiplicity: Many EGMs can contribute to the progressive jackpot at a given time.
Primary Actor: Casino
Secondary Actor: SASHost
Main Success Scenario (extension of PlayGame):
3.1 System is not in demo mode and progressive jackpot is enabled.

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3.1.1 System contributes to progressive jackpot on SASHost according to the configuration settings. Use case continutes
at step 4.
4.1 System is not in demo mode and determines that the Player has won the progressive jackpot.
4.1.1 System informs SASHost that the successive jackpot was won.
4.1.2 SASHost informs System of the amount that was won. Use case continues at step 5.

Handpay Use Case

Use Case: Handpay
Scope: EGM
Level: Subfunction-level
Intention in Context: The player has won a sum of money that is above the IRS win limit. The sum needs to be paid
by handpay.
Multiplicity: Only one handpay can be active at a given time.
Primary Actor: IRS (is actually a stakeholder that does not directly interact with system)
Secondary Actor: SASHost, AttendantLight (Touchscreen is a facilitator actor for Attendant / Operator )
Main Success Scenario:
1. System turns on Attendant Light.
2. System notifies SASHost.
3. Attendant or Operator identifies himself to System.
4. Attendant notifies System that handpay has been made.
5. System turns off AttendantLight.
Extensions:
3a SASHost instructs System to reset the win to credits. Use case continues at step 5.

CashOutCoins Use Case

Use Case: CashOutCoins
Scope: EGM
Level: Subfunction-level (could be user goal)
Intention in Context: The intention of the Player is to exchange his credits for coins.
Multiplicity: Only one Player can cashout credits at the EGM at a given time.
Primary Actor: Player
Secondary Actor: CoinHopper, Touchscreen (facilitator actor for Player )
Precondition: The coin hopper contains enough coins to allow the player to cash out his credits.
Main Success Scenario:
Step 1 and 2 can be repeated as many times as desired.
1. Player informs System that he wants to cash out his credits as coins.
2. System requests CoinHopper to eject the amount of cashable credits in coins.
Extensions:
2a. CoinHopper informs System about coin jam. Use case ends in failure.

CashOutTicket Use Case

Use Case: CashOutTicket
Scope: EGM
Level: Subfunction-level (could be user goal)
Intention in Context: The intention of the Player is to exchange his credits for a ticket.
Multiplicity: Only one Player can cashout credits at the EGM at a given time.
Primary Actor: Player
Secondary Actor: TicketPrinter, Player, SASHost
Main Success Scenario:
1. Player informs System that he wants to cash out his credits as a ticket.
2. System requests ticket with the correct amount from SASHost.
3. SASHost sends System a ticket.
4. System instructs TicketPrinter to print the ticket.
Extensions:
3a. System can not communicate with the SASHost. Use case ends in failure.
5a. TicketPrinter informs System about an error. Use case ends in failure.

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Audit Use Case
Use Case: Audit
Scope: EGM
Level: User Goal
Intention in Context: The intention of the Auditor (Attendant, Operator or SASHost) is to query information about
the history of events registered in the EGM.
Multiplicity: Only one Attendant or Operator can audit the EGM at a given time, and only if no player is currently
gambling on the machine. The SASHost can audit the EGM while a player is gambling on the machine.
Primary Actor: Attendant, Operator or SASHost (referred to as Auditor )
Secondary Actor: TicketPrinter
Main Success Scenario:
1. Auditor identifies himself to System.
2. System acknowledges successful identification to Auditor.
Steps 3 and 4 can be repeated as often as requested by the Auditor.
3. Auditor requests information about a meter or event history from System.
4. System presents requested information to Auditor.
5. Auditor logs out of System.
Extensions:
1a. Auditor is an SASHost. Identification is not necessary, as it is peformed by the underlying communication protocol.
Use case continues at step 3.
5a. Auditor (which must be an Attendant or Operator ) requests System to printout the history and meter values and
reset the machine.
5a.1 System prints event history and meters on TicketPrinter. Use case continues at step 5.
5a.1a. TicketPrinter informs System about problem. Use case continues at step 5 without resetting the machine.

Configure Use Case

Use Case: Configure
Scope: EGM
Level: User Goal
Intention in Context: The intention of the Operator or SASHost is to set certain configuration parameters (which
include current time, current language, creditToCurrencyRatio, idleTimeBeforeAnimation, demoPIN, demoTimeout,
maxBetCredits) in the EGM.
Multiplicity: Only one Operator can set the EGM configuration parameters at a given time, and only if no player is
currently gambling on the machine. The SASHost can set certain configuration parameters (e.g. the current time)
while a player is gambling on the machine.
Primary Actor: Operator or SASHost
Secondary Actor: n/a
Main Success Scenario:
1. Operator identifies himself to System.
2. System acknowledges successful identification to Operator.
Steps 3 and 4 can be repeated as often as requested by the Auditor.
3. Operator notifies System about a configuration parameter that is to be set.
4. System acknowledges setting of configuration parameter to Operator.
5. Operator logs out of System.
Extensions:
1a. Configuration is performed by an SASHost. Identification is not necessary, as it is peformed by the underlying
communication protocol. Use case continues at step 3.
5a. Configuration is performed by an SASHost. Logout is unnecessary. Use case ends in success.

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Test Use Case
Use Case: Test
Scope: EGM
Level: User Goal
Intention in Context: The intention of the Operator is to test the EGM by running it in demo mode.
Multiplicity: Only one Operator can test the EGM at a given time, and only if no player is currently gambling on the
machine.
Primary Actor: Operator
Secondary Actor: n/a
Main Success Scenario:
1. Operator identifies himself to System.
2. System acknowledges successful identification to Operator.
3. Operator instructs System to switch to demo mode.
4. System prompts Operator for demo PIN.
5. Operator inputs demo PIN into System.
6. System acknowledges demo mode switch to Operator.
Step 7 and 8 can be repeated as many times as needed.
7. Operator informs System about the amount of demo credits to add.
8. System acknowledges the adding of credits to Operator.
Step 9 can be repeated as many times as needed.
9. Operator plays the game.
10. Operator informs System that he wants to exit the demo mode.
11. Operator logs out of System.
Extensions:
(6-10)a. System was idle for longer than demoTimeout. Use case continues at step 4.

SelectOutcome Use Case

Use Case: SelectOutcome (extends PlayGame)
Scope: EGM
Level: Subfunction-level
Intention in Context: The intention of the Operator is to specify the outcome of the game in order to test the EGM.
Multiplicity: Only one Operator can select the outcome at a given time, and only if no player is currently gambling on
the machine.
Primary Actor: Operator
Secondary Actor: n/a
Extensions: (extends PlayGame):
3a. Operator specifies outcome of game to System.
3a.1. System communicates specified outcome to Player. Use case continues at step 5.

ServiceMachine Use Case

Use Case: ServiceMachine
Scope: EGM
Level: User Goal
Intention in Context: The intention of the Attendant is to resolve the error condition that prevents the machine from
normal operation.
Multiplicity: Only one Attendant can be servicing the machine at a given time.
Primary Actor: Attendant
Secondary Actor: AttendantLight, SASHost
Main Success Scenario:
1. Attendant identifies himself to System.
2. System acknowledges successful identification to Operator.
3. Attendant notifies System that a specific error condition has been resolved.
4. System acknowledges error resolution to Operator.
5. Attendant logs out of System.
6. System turns off AttendantLight.
Extensions:
1a. SASHost commands System to ignore the error. Use case continues at step 4.

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AttractPlayer Use Case
Use Case: AttractPlayer
Scope: EGM
Level: User Goal
Intention in Context: The intention of the Casino is to attract a new player to the machine.
Multiplicity: Only one AttractPlayer animation can be running at a given time.
Primary Actor: Casino (is a stakeholder that does not interact with the system directly)
Secondary Actor: Player, Attendant
Main Success Scenario:
System is idle for a specific amount of time (timeBeforeIdleAnimation).
1. System plays attract animation on TouchScreen.
2. Player notifies System of his presence.
Extensions:
1a. SASHost notifies System of current value of progressive jackpot.
1a.1. System advertizes value of progressive jackpot to Player. Use case continues at step 1.
2a. Attendant notifies System of his presence. Use case ends in failure.

5 Environment Model and Concept Model

Type Definitions
The environment model (see figure 4) and concept model (see figure 5) of the slot machine assume the existence of the
following types:
• Credit: a type encoding a non-negative integral number.
• Money: a type encoding an amount of money in cents.
• type Percentage is Real range 0..1
• type SlotRange is Integer range 0..22
• type OutcomeType is TupleType{reel1pos: SlotRange, reel2pos: SlotRange, reel3pos: SlotRange, reel4pos:
SlotRange, reel5pos: SlotRange}
• type OffsetType is TypleType{offset1: Integer, offset2: Integer, offset3: Integer, offset4: Integer,
offset5: Integer}
• type SlotMachineMode is enum {play, maintenance, handpay, demo, outOfService, idle}
• type CashoutKind is enum {coin, ticket}
• type PlayerErrorNotificationKind is enum {billValidationError, ticketValidationError, ...}
• type AuditKind is enum {coinInMeter, totalJackpotMeter, lastGames, ...}
• type ServicePersonKind is enum {attendant, operator, unknown}
• type Language is enum {english, french, german, bengali, kanji, mandarin, ...}
• type CoinComparatorStatus is enum {ok, coinTilt}
• type BillValidatorStatus is enum {ok, stackerFull, billJam, counterfeitBill, billRejected}
• type TicketReaderStatus is enum {ok, ticketJam}
• type CoinHopperStatus is enum {ok, coinJam}
• type TicketPrinterStatus is enum {ok, paperLow, outOfPaper, carriageJam}
• type SASCommunicationStatus is enum {ok, communicationError}
• type ErrorKind is enum {union of all actor status enums above}

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 1
outOfService
validateTicket ticketValidation
1 pJackpotWon :SASHost pJackpotValue
handpayRequired pJackpotWonValue resolvedError
requestTicket resetWinToCredits demoPIN
:AttendantLight lightToggle auditGameInfo newTicket addCredits
auditMeterInfo audit configure
1 configureAck configure audit
pJackpotContribution ignoreError cashOut
: EGM handpayCompleted
:BetButton setBet setPaylines
1 startPlay consultPaytable 1

<<time-triggered>>
:PlayButton idleTimeout playerErrorNotification :TouchScreen
currentPJackpot

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dmToggle demoTimeout
1 currentCredits
gameOutcome
ticketInserted creditsWon
:DemoSwitch ticketReaderError paytableInfo
printHistory handpayRequired
printTicket auditGameInfo
doorToggle ejectTicket auditMeterInfo
configureAck
printerAck 1 promptDemoPIN

Figure 4: Slot Machine Environment Model

1
demoSwitchAck

coinInserted
* serviceAck
ejectCoins
ejectBill

* :TicketPrinter playAttractAnimation
billInserted

coinComparatorError
:TicketReader
coinHopperAck

outOfService
billValidatorError

1 1 1
:Door

:CoinComparator :CoinHopper :BillValidator

 <<system>> EGM

1 {ordered} 0..*
SlotMachine 1 Event * RandomGenerator 1 Clock 1
-- configuration history     now: Time 
currentTime: Time
TouchScreen idleSince: Time
1 powerOn: Time GamePlayed
timeBeforeIdleAnimation: Time 0..1 Ticket *
In cents
creditToCurrencyRatio: Integer value: Money
per credit
PlayButton irsLimit: Money promotional: Boolean
1 maxBetCredits: Natural playedGame   1
currentLanguage: Language
demoPIN: String Game *
0..1
BetButton demoTimeout: Time creditsBetPerPayline: Credits usedIn selectedPayline Payline 1..20
pJackpotEnabled: Boolean currentGame outcomeDecided: Boolean
0..* 0..* offsets: Offset 
pJackpotGroupID: Integer outcome: OutcomeType defaultPayline 1
1 pJackpotContribution: Percentage Win
sasIPAddress: String amount: Credits

AttendantLight -- runtime status

1 Paytable
1 currentMode: SlotMachineMode
currentCredits: Credits myPaytable  
currentPromotionalCredits: Credits
myReels Reel Icon
DemoSwitch currentPJackpotValue: Credits slot: SlotRange
{ordered} 5 position: SlotRange 1  
-- error tracking
1 coinCompSt: CoinComparatorStatus 1 Door *
billValidatorSt: BillValidatorStatus maintenanceDoor open: Boolean
ticketReaderSt: TicketReaderStatus coinDoor 1 There might be
CoinHopper coinHopperSt: CoinHopperStatus additional doors
1 ticketPrinterSt: TicketPrinterStatus <<id>>
sasHostSt: CommunicationStatus

TicketPrinter

1 1 1 * 1

CoinComparator BillValidator TicketReader DoorSensor SASHost

Event
timestamp: Time

GamePlayed CreditBuy Errors CashOut ModeSwitch Handpay

  amount: Credits type: ErrorKind amount: Money toMode: SlotMachineMode amount: Money
resolved: Boolean
resolutionTime: Time

CoinIn BillIn TicketIn CoinOut TicketOut

      coin: CoinKind  

cashedTicket 1
Ticket printedTicket
  1

Figure 5: Slot Machine Concept Model

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Input Messages
• addCredits(cr: Credits: sent by TouchScreen when operator adds credits in demo mode.
• audit(a: AuditKind): sent by TouchScreen when Attendant or Operator wants to query the meters or the recent
events of the slot machine. Can also be sent by SASHost.
• billInserted(m: Money): sent by BillValidator when Player inserts a bill.
• billValidatorError(s: BillValidatorStatus): sent by BillValidator when an error occurs.
• cashOut(c: CashoutKind): sent by TouchScreen when Player wants to cash out his credits.
• coinComparatorError(s: CoinComparatorStatus): sent by CoinComparator when an error occurs.
• coinHopperAck(s: CoinHopperStatus): sent by CoinHopper when printing fails for some reason.
• coinInserted(m: Money): sent by CoinSlot when Player inserts a coin.
• configure(..): sent by TouchScreen when Operator wants to change the configuration of the slot machine. The
parameters must clearly identify the configuration parameter that is requested to be modified and the value to which
it should be set. Can also be sent by SASHost.
• consultPaytable(): sent by Touchscreen when Player wants to look at the winning combinations.
• demoPIN(pin: String): sent by TouchScreen when operator provides the demo PIN.
• dmToggle(on: Boolean): sent by DemoSwitch when operator activates or deactivates the demo mode.
• doorToggle(who: ServicePersonKind, open: Boolean): sent by Door when opened or closed.
• handpayCompleted(): sent by Touchscreen when Attendant or Operator has completed the handpay.
• ignoreError(e: ErrorStatus): sent by SASHost to instruct the system to ignore an error.
• newTicket(t: Ticket): sent by SASHost.
• pJackpotValue(m: Money): sent by SASHost to inform EGM of the current value of the progressive jackpot.
• pJackpotWonValue(t: Time, m: Money): sent by SASHost to inform EGM of the value of the progressive jackpot
when it was won at time t.
• printerAck(e: PrinterStatus): sent by TicketPrinter when printing fails for some reason.
• resetWinToCredits(): sent by SASHost to reset the handpay win to credits.
• resolvedError(e: ErrorStatus): sent by TouchScreen when attendant or operator has serviced the machine.
• setBet(c: Credits): sent by BetButton when Player determines the amount of credits to bet.
• setPaylines(p: Set(Payline)): sent by Touchscreen when Player selects desired paylines.
• startPlay(): sent by PlayButton when Player wants to start spinning the reels.
• ticketInserted(t: Ticket): sent by TicketReader when Player inserts a ticket.
• ticketReaderError(s: TicketReaderStatus): sent by TicketReader when an error occurs.
• ticketValidation(t: Ticket, valid: Boolean): sent by SASHost to inform EGM about validity of ticket t.
• <‌<time-triggered>‌> demoTimeout(): triggered when the system has been in demo mode and idle for a duration
of demoTimeout.
• <‌<time-triggered>‌> idleTimeout(): triggered when the system has been idle for a duration of timeBeforeIdleAn-
imation.

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Output Messages
• auditInfo(..): sent to TouchScreen or to SASHost to communicate the information requested with a previous
audit message
• configureAck(..): sent to TouchScreen or SASHost to acknowledge entering of demo mode.
• creditsWon(winAmount: Credits, currentCredits: Credits): sent to TouchScreen to inform Player of win-
nings.

• currentCredits(c: Credits): sent to TouchScreen to inform Player of the number of credits currently available
for betting.
• currentPJackpot(m: Money): sent to TouchScreen to inform Player of the current value of the progressive jackpot.
• demoSwitchAck(): sent to TouchScreen to acknowledge entering of demo mode.

• ejectBill(): sent to BillValidator when EGM wants to eject the current bill.
• ejectCoins(m: Money): sent to CoinHopper when a Player wants to cash out with coins.
• ejectTicket(): sent to TicketReader when EGM wants to eject the current ticket.
• gameOutcome(o: Outcome): sent to TouchScreen to inform Player of game outcome.

• handpayRequired(amount: Money): sent to SASHost and TouchScreen when a Player wins a substantial amount
of money.
• outOfService(): sent to TouchScreen when EGM goes out of service.
• paytableInfo(p: Paytable): sent to TouchScreen when player wants to consult the paytable.

• pJackpotContribution(t: Time, m: Money): sent to SASHost when a Player spins the reels.
• pJackpotWon(t: Time): sent to SASHost when a Player wins the progressive jackpot.
• playAttractAnimation(..): sent to TouchScreen when system has been idle for a long time.

• playerErrorNotification(e: PlayerErrorNotificationKind): sent to TouchScreen to inform Player of a prob-

lem.
• printHistory(h: Sequence(Event)): sent to TicketPrinter when Operator requests to reset the machine before
erasing the event history.
• printTicket(t: Ticket): sent to TicketPrinter during cash out.

• promptDemoPIN(): sent to TouchScreen to request demo PIN from Operator.

• requestTicket(amount: Money): sent to SASHost when a Player wants to cash out with a ticket.
• serviceAck(): sent to TouchScreen to acknowledge service operation.

• toggleLight(on: Boolean): sent to AttendantLight to turn it on or off.

• validateTicket(t: Ticket): sent to SASHost when a Player wants to redeem a ticket.
• welcome(operator: Boolean): sent to TouchScreen to greet the Operator or Attendant.

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6 Operation Model
Develop an Operation Model for the EGM that covers all system operations related (directly or indirectly) to the Gamble
use case. You are allowed to omit the BuyCreditsWithBills use case, since it is very similar to BuyCreditsWithCoins.
Although you do not have to provide the functionality described by the use case Test, the functionality you are specifying
for the operations that are used in Gamble must include the behaviour necessary to correctly handle game play in demo
mode.
To simplify your task, you can assume the following pre-defined OCL functions:
• RandomGenerator::random() : OutcomeType – a function that yields a random game outcome, i.e., a tuple con-
taining 5 random reel positions.

• OutcomeType::offsetBy(o: OffsetType) : OutcomeType – a function that offsets a game outcome by an offset

o to yield a new game outcome
• Paytable::lookupWin(o: OutcomeType) : Credits – a function that maps a game outcome to the number of
credits that are awarded for that outcome. In the case where the outcome wins the progressive jackpot, the function
returns 0 (the number of credits won has to be queried from the SASHost).

• Paytable::winsJackpot(o: OutcomeType) : Boolean – a function that determines if the game outcome o cor-
responds to winning the jackpot of the machine
• Paytable::winsPJackpot(o: OutcomeType) : Boolean – a function that determines if the game outcome o
corresponds to winning the progressive jackpot

7 Protocol Model
Develop a Protocol Model for the Gamble use case. If you want to use the jUCMNav tool to create the model, check out
the documentation and installation instructions here:
http://jucmnav.softwareengineering.ca/ucm/bin/view/ProjetSEG/WebHome

8 Hand-In
Please hand in pdf, .jucm, or a paper copy of your solution until Wednesday November 13th. Remember that you
are allowed to work in teams of 2, but not with a person you worked with for assignment 1. If you work with some-
one, please hand in a single copy signed by both of you. In case you submit electronically (preferred), please send
the files to [email protected] with the title “COMP-533 Assignment 2 of yournames” and cc me as well (Jo-
[email protected]). If you don’t get an acknowledgment for your email within 24 hours, send us another email
(without attachment, but putting the hand-in somewhere where we can download it). Late hand-ins are not accepted.

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