CODING WN 5) ilBLACK & WHITECODING Starting something new can be daunting. Learning a skill or mastering a new piece of hardware is tough. Even tougher if STC Uem Lae Ro | mee Enroll as ee ceo a ete a Re mu Ta CMU he at SM Se one Re) 9) ce Peta uae RCE eon irae eA UC Pea burlac late hie M VAAL Sol) ETS elo eA aCiae (Ruled elt lace ks OPMaa Ne olan a UL aol Cae ities ho ulcuniee kde hur ee MRE lee Pra Ree ORME bre eo eOrNaolm SOUR a ORC Lae fertile BoE Np RIC 1¢ ees Cu ced ANAM Lees ine cleo. ol i Pau ge acceler Meet ie Red out of the box! We will guide you step-by-step through using all PE eC RAC aE cul races apprehensive at attempting. Let our expert guide help you build ela renee are CUE ORL MCh iule pie RCE need toaconfident and experienced user. Over the page our journey begins. We would wish you luck but DiRT Ret ats) coe S Cole R Cente ceajodelsC melaa 1G BD ay keri ay_id AND im ); } else py area ot) Pete aah ak lla RSS Thy) eos Pees eed : Cr an Ma Peake) ee 4 ie: Sma pial Mala ake) Se $e NET | ee ko Fé Pare Premera oceanic Sree ee SCD Le Ts Pe nad Pei ay Pte PO teas cr Oe nn ESS eMac (32) SayHelotocs Erman eee How to Set Up C++ in Linux Other C++ IDEs to Install Okerr ae i ae ETc uaa 38 Getting to Know C++ eae Tene (9g eee SR iD heritage jul esa eee ae 44 rr | Mead Ceram ed Transfer Mint to DVO or USB Installing VirtualBox eee aes ecu neat la ecg ean cio Getting Ready to Code in Linux eet Ceci ee ca Crt eee ee a)Ge Clan oo ROM me / SEO ad . eS Peo “...learning how to code is an on-going experience, where you learn Cerne oii) something AWN NZ d lay Ce eee) eee ees) and OV IaVAu la RVeLU REC) PMC UC ei rele gC eee a Perens your code... reemeemeieten td [Steet een [ee Pet teers — Coding and Programming Oe Rare eel ra eel heh eu cetacean ts I unrura eu catmait Pe Meher mance One of the hardest steps in learning to code is the First: which programming language to learn. Then, where do you go to find the tools you need and what do all those Pa NAC CE ae Sh ea Te eR ene La de On Rhee LeChoosing a Programming Language It would be impossible to properly -— Cae ae nz = Fal explain every programming language in eS = Lalit ter Price aeaaissrom eideurtet ss ‘_mod . u: EL Nea Me ae Teor cie Se pa Re ee Ws Es ae ec oa ee) aa ~yY = Fal cue Ruesaeen enhanc mod.use_z = Tru Ceeea Mencia ants complex methods are being born. Here is a list of the more common languages along with their key features. = Sel " + str(mod Weirror_ob.select = @ » bpy.context. selecte ) objects [one.name[<1 ecconaeoneum tonteceratcmepen a Seer em er ee oe ae ee ee craters SN nS en ees as emer cet ee era eee i rtaeaeg PCa ae JavaScript (often shortened to JS)is a lightweight, interpreted, object oriented language with First class functions. JavaScript runs on the client side ofthe web, that can be used to design Sen es en ete ea eet {an easy to learn and also powerful scripting language, widely used for controling ese ers Pa Java's the foundation for virtually every type of networked application ands the global standard For developing enterprise Pe ee CC ne ee a ene cE Bt ca ete eee ee Citisan elegant objectoriented language that enables developers to build a variety of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework. You can use Ct to create Windows client applications, XML Web eee ee eee ea curly-brace syntax of C# will be instantly recognisable to anyone Familiar with C, oer cae Python isa widely used high level programming language used for general purpose programming, created by Guido van Rossum and first releasedin 1991. An interpreted language, Python has a design philosophy that emphasises code readability and a syntax that allows programmers eee er eee eee eet Benno CH Cie eo ea uu language. has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming ae ee ce ue au ea Petree ne eer ene eer ‘of use ass design highlights eerie tc ea Seem ‘Matsumoto, blended parts of his Favourite languages (Pert, See ere rete eet one ree Ruby has drawn devoted coders worldwide. Ruby is seen as a flexible language; essential parts of Ruby can be removed or redefined, at wil. Existing parts can be eres e ca Poe a eee oe eee ee ee ‘network programming, GUI development and more. Its major Features are that i's Sete ere aoe tro emacs Conrad Pree et eg eter EL acy crete ere een aa See ne er ee gee 10S, watchOS and tv. Writing Swift code is interactive and fun; the syntaxis concise yet expressive and Swift includes modern Features that developers love. Swift code is safe by design, yet also produces software that runs ences el ee enc ae rpublicatons.comLearning to Code - Study Tips Programming is one of the most valuable skills you can pick up these days, particularly For your career prospects; and great just to test your brain and get to create something cool too. When you're new to coding, it can be hard to know where to start and it’s easy to get sucked down paths that could waste a whole lot of your time and money. If you're just getting started on your coding journey, here are some vedceks aot am Rae eelie-es(o CHOOSE YOUR LANGUAGE Fight coding or programming language to start learning is important iF you want the creative processto be successful. IF you need learn to code Fr Finding ajob For example, th ea Ee) LANE) Take some time to look atthe things coding languages are used for; so if you are interested in web design, look at how JavaScripts being used on the sites, you use every day if you are in to mobile apps, look into Java or Swift and se how they make apps work. It can also be useful and encouraging to check aut what qualified coders can expect to get paid by looking at localjob sites. We are not saying that ifyou learn to code Python you are immediately going to be offered a £70,000 a year job but it can help spur you onto study hard need to lear the language thats relevant. IF tolear coding, then picking ‘language lke Python, that is both powerful ‘and relatively as more likely TO m= San eda elle IF you are completely new to coding leaning any programming language can seem like a huge task. Getting completely bogged ‘oF code examples and explanations isnot tkely to make the learning process much Fun. In ou experience itis often better to learn through practice, or to hoose a task you want to perform with code, and then work backwards to learn how to complete that task. By learning small hunks and repeating what you have already learned at differing intervalsis called Spaced Repetition down in pages and pa(Learning to Code — Study Tips Em” SET UP YOUR ENVIRONMENT “Take some time to look at the things coding languages are used For; sf you are interested in web design look at how JavaScript is being used on the sites you use every day iF you are in to mobile apps, lookinto Java or Swift and see how they make apps work. Itcan aso be useful ‘and encouraging to check out what qualified coders can expect to get paid by looking at local jb sites. We are nat saying that if you learn to code Python you are immediately ‘going tobe offered a £70,000 a year job but it canhelp spur you on to study harder. ? BUN ‘Sometimes, though admittedly not always, t's a good idea to get a more rounded view of computer science before you dig down into more specific ‘programming language study. There are several ree “introduction to Computer Science” courses available online, including a great one from Harvard University (via the wivw.edx.ora website). Another studytool that can ‘be useful sto play coding games. Two ofthe best of these types of learning {games are CodeCombat and CodinGame. Search online to find them Ce |B Oar) re eo Poona ‘> nenlAe © eto ay et LEARN FROM OTHER CODERS “The Fantastic Stack Overflow is one ofthe best places to Find answers to problems and to ask your own questions to other coders around the world. There are many other language- specific Forums online but whichever site you pick, don't be afraid to ask questions. You might find that others are a bit snappy iFyou don't Follow the questioning rules of that Forum but ust Figure out what you did wrong and lear to ask better uestions. Don't worry though, ask your question, listen to the answers and remember to thank people for thelr help, remembering to come back when you are more experienced and answer a few questions yourself if you can, Sassen Sessessess DON'T SET YOURSELF DEADLINES IFat all possible, thatis. Deadlines, although a part ofa professional programmers ife, can definitely hurt your progress when in the process of learning to code. This is. ‘especially tue of selFimposed deadlines, and at this point they almost certainly willbe, as they can damage your progress when not reached. Trying to rush through any stage ‘of learning to code will not do you any good, and may make laterstages harder if you do not fully understand the basic.Coding Tools and Resources eek Ana eee ree T cule te Ete Rua) COMM aniseed ceuhcetireccntt te ehelccentkctirls language, you won't be able to challenge and refine your skills. GITHUB You can use GitHub to create a personal project anew you want to experiment gramming language or host your ie” ‘Any kindof File can be uploaded to Git designed pati fe files and is hugely It provides ac d several ontrol a tracking feature ‘making itt code in the world TEXT EDITORS. fens Ponte eae eg ee Renee errr( Coding Tools and Resources HEROKU you are developing a web app, you willneed to host it before people can accessit, GitHub can host your code but that doesn't ‘mean that end-users wil be able to se the working app. Ths, Iswhere a service like Heroku comes into its own, Heroku is 2 cloud platform that lets you build, deliver, monitor and scale ‘apps, the Fastest way to go from idea to URL, bypassing all those infrastructure headaches. t makes the processes of deploying, —_ configuring scaling tuning, nd managing apps as simple and straightforward as possible, so that you can focus on what's most Important: building great apps that delight and engage customers. INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT Integrated Development Environments, uniike text editors, offer a complete coding envionment. This ‘makes it easier For some programming beginners to get tocrips with anew language. Integrated Development Environments also known as Code Editors, ae software applications that provides comprehensive Facilities to ‘computer programmers For software development. An DE normally consists ofa source code editor, bull automation tools and a debuoger. Most modern IDEs have inteligent code completion. (One of our favourite IDE'sis Aptana Studio 3. Aptana allows you ta develop and test your entre web application using a single environment. There's ‘support forthe latest browser technology specs suchas HTMLS, C583, JavaScript, Ruby, Rails PHP and Python, STACK OVERFLOW SNIPPETS Sinownen nance exam StCKOVEFFTOW Snippet isa programming term for asmall region of reusable source ———— isa question code, machine code or text. Snippets are often used to clarify the —— and answersite meaning of an otherwise “cluttered” function or to minimise the = For professional _use of repeated code thats common to other functions. Snippets = =S= and amateur isa powerful application for Mac and Windows that stores the most me = programmers. valuable pieces of code that you can reuse indifferent projects 4 Itsbuileand mary times. The main idea isto make the process of reusing as easy a runby usersas as possible to avoid wasting your valuable time on writing the same 7 = part oFthe Stack code again. You can download the Snippets manager free from Exchange network _ htp//snippets.me/. of QBAsites. With its users help, the site i building a library of detailed answers to every question about programming, This site sal about getting answers; it's not a discussion Forum so there's no chit-chat. Good answers are voted up ‘and ise tothe top and the best answers show up First so that they are always easy to find ‘The key to getting the mast from Stack Overflow is to focus on {questions concerning actual problems you have faced. Include details about what you have tried and exactly what you're trying to do, Tags make it easy to Find interesting questions. All questions are tagged with their subject areas. Each can have upto tags, since a uestion might be related to several subjects.Eee eee Merl Used ot eer ered oOo Mitekerretete MY Idee T ated Cee Ce nae Aion ENS Perec een Ld cuneate out o Ke ol become a programmer though?‘Times have changed since programming inthe ‘80s, but the core values still remain. Being able to follow a logical pattern and see an end resultis one ofthe most valued skills ofa programmer. ere ote want to be takes time, pat Being a Programmer em MORE THAN CODE For those of you old enough to remember the 80s, the golden era of home ‘computing, the world of computing was avery different scene to how itis today. 8-bit computers that you could purchase as a whole, as opposed to ‘being in kit Form and you having to solder the parts together, were the stuff ‘of dreams; and getting your hands on one was sheer bliss contained within alarge plastic box. However, it wasn't so much the new technology that computers then offered, moreover it was the fact that forthe first time ‘ever, you could control what was being viewed on the ‘elevision Instead of simply playing one of the thousands of games available at the time, many users decided they wanted to create their own content, their ‘own games; or simply something that could help them with their homework ‘or home finances. The simplicity ofthe 8-bit home computer meant that ‘creating something from a few lines of BASIC code was achievable and so the first generation of home-bred programmer was born, From that point on, programming expanded exponentially. It wasnt long before the bedroom coder was athing ofthe past and huge teams oF designers, coders, artists and musicians were involved in making a single ‘game. This of course led to the programmer becoming more than simply ‘someone who could Fashion a sprite on the screen and make it move atthe press of akey. Naturally, time has moved on and with it the technology that we use. However, the fundamentals of programming remain the same; but what ‘exactly does ittake to be a programmer? The single most common trait of any programmer, regardless of what they're doing, isthe ability to see a logical pattern By this we mean ‘someone who can logically Follow something from start to finish and envisage the intended outcome. While you may not feel you're such a ‘person, its possible to train your brain into this way of thinking, Yes, i takes time but once you start to thinkin this particular way you will be able to construct and follow code, ‘Second to logic isan understanding of mathematics. You don't have to be {at a genius evel but you donneed to understand the rudiments of maths. ‘Mathsis all about being able to solve a problem and code mostly falls under the umbrella of mathematics Being able to see the big picture is certainly beneficial for the modern ‘programmer. Undoubtedly, as a programmer, you will be part of a team (of other programmers, and more than likely part ofan even bigger team (of designers, all of whom are creating afinal product. While you may only bbe expected to create a small element ofthat final product, being able to understand what everyone else is doing willhelp you create something that’ ultimately better than simply being locked in your own coding cubicle. Finally there's also a level of creativity needed to be a good programmer. ‘Again though, you don't need to be a creative genius, just have the ‘imagination to be able to see the end product and how the user will interact with it. ‘There is of course alot more involved in being a programmer, including learning the actual code itself. However, with time, patience and the determination to learn, anyone can become a programmer. Whether you want to be part ofa triple-A video game team or simply create an ‘automated routine to make your computing life easier, i's up to you how far to take your coding adventure! Say Hello == to Python Des nC cad Be Ceuta cic ag Ca it easy to learn and understand but also remarkably en ee cde nen Perea erecta cm This section covers what you need to get up and Re Rae eRe eure Seen an eee and Linux. There's a lot you can do with Python and this is just the beginning.Why Python? SECs ae cur cue tee se ee scm cin) computer, and some still available For older 8 and 16-bit computers too. Some of fen Mele tle ee Melee ecole eam ele ecm LT) tren mSOR MN Reno Monnet tom Gna Sed PYTHON POWER Ever since the earliest home computers were available, enthusiasts, users and professionals have toiled away until the wee hours, slaving over an overheating heap of circuitry to create something akin to magic. ‘These pioneers of programming carved their way into a new Frontier, Forging small routines that enabled the letter’ to scroll {across the screen, It may not sound terribly exciting to a generation {that’s used to ultra high-definition graphics and open world, multi player online gaming, However, Forty-something years ago it was blindingly brillant. "Naturally these bedroom coders helped form the Foundations for, every piece of digital technology we use today. Some went on to become chief developers for top software companies, whereas others pushed the available hardware tots limits and Founded the billion pound gaming empire that continually amazes us. Regardless of whether you use an Android device, iOS device, PC, Mac, Linux, Smart TV, games console, MP3 player, GPS device builtin tocar, settop box ora thousand other connected and smart’ appliances, behind them als programming, ‘Allthose aforementioned distal devices need instructions to tell. them what to do, and allow them tobe interacted with, These instructions form the programming core ofthe device and that core ‘canbe built using a variety of programming languages. ‘The languages in use today differ depending onthe situation, the platform, the device's use and how the device wil interact with ts viveciconay) @| S/S Hee #/>/7@ ‘Setcursor(p.y)2 certsichrtsentFocusl: itleurgor >= 0) Pefreshnow‘cursor); Yn oe iC renew break ) rami) 2 ies old Arraycert::childLostFocus() weregrad "Lys set carom. LitePeop size. ey) breaks Pitop t oeteinecy(als 3p. <,colum.cetcount(); jee) ( reader cotisomaenty ef: colum, cetcount() = 2)) = 0) Eolor te = Blend(scoloroissbled, ScolorPaper: ob; << colum.cetcaune(): ay hear, Settamaath(3) Hn ea = Colom morn: Reader Tab()).carmargin(); rarer) Breaky wornenvironment or users. Operating systems, such as Windows, macOS, {and such are usually a combination of C++, C#, assembly and some form of visual-based language. Games generally se C+ whilst web pages can use a plethora of available languages such as HTML, Java, Python and soon. More general-purpose programming is used to create programs, apps, software or whatever else you want to call them. They/re widely used across all hardware platforms and sult virtually every conceivable application. Some operate faster than others and some are easier to lear and use than others. Python is one such genera: purpose language. Python is what's known as a High-Level Language, in that it ‘talks to the hardware and operating system using a variety of arrays, variables, objects, arithmetic, subroutines, loops and countless more interactions, Whilst i's not as streamlined as a Low-Level Language, which can deal directly with memory addresses, call stacks and registers its benefits that it's universally accessible and easy to learn, gag /FiTe= tnvoke. java import java. lang.reflect.*; class rnvoke Public static void main string [) args try Cass ¢ = Class. forname( args[0] ); Nethod'm = c.getMethod( args (1), naw class Object ret = m.invoke( null, null ); Systen.out. printin “tnvoked static method: " + args (1) + of ctass: © + args(o } "with no args\nnesults: "+ ret); catch ( Classotroundexception € 7 Class.forname(,) can't find the class Gach € wosuchtiethodexception e2 77 that method doesn't exist Cacch ( Tlegalaccessexception €3 77 we don't have permission to invoke that wnethod. Gatch ( Invocationtargetexception e4 77*an exception ocurred while tnvocing that echoed Systen.out. print yetsNethod threw an: " + ef getrargetexcept on! Javais a powerful language that's used in web pages,set- top boxes, TVsand even cars. VE Why ton Python was created over twenty sik years ago and has evolved to become an ideal beginner's language For learning how to program 2 computer. I's perfect For the hobbyist, enthusiast, student, eacher ‘and those who simply need to create their own unique interaction between either themselves ora piece of external hardware and the computer itself Python is free to download, install and use and is available For Linux, ‘windows, macOS, MS:DOS, 05/2, BeOS, IBM iseries machines, and even RISC OS. It has been voted one ofthe top five programming languages in the world andis continually evolving ahead of the hardware and Internet development curve. So to answer the question: why Python? Simply put, it's Free, easy to learn, exceptionally powerful, universally accepted, effective and a superb learning and educational to 49 LET py=is 38 For 822 To 10 cEecee 25 Cet by=INnT (RNDs26) 80 Let Bx=0, $0 FOR d=i TO 20 189 PRINT AT pxsey; 220 PRINT Ar bx) bus “o 2g@ IF INKEYs="6* THEN LET py=p yt ige IF INKEYss"o" THEN LET py=P oa! 285 FOR n=2 TO 100: NEXT n 249 Te e062 THEN Cer pute’ 339 If py S87 THEN LET’ py=27 150 ate 289 BRINT AT 180 Next 4 208 ZF (bua) spy THEN LET gosta 210 PRINT AT 10,10; "score="; 220 FoR v=1 TO i000: NEXT v 300 NEXT u BASIC was once the starter language that early Bit home computer users learned Python is a more modern take on BASIC, i's easy to learn and makes for an ideal beginner's programming language.EP Say Hello to Python Equipment You Will Need You can learn Python with very little hardware or initial Financial investment. You ean seen arse loa i Cee UU ANU ear ear cet Tel irl] Com WHAT WE'RE USING ‘Thankfully, Python is a multi-platform programming language available For Windows, macOS, Linux, Raspberry Pi and more. If you have one of those systems, then you can easily start using Python. COMPUTER Obviously you're going to need a computer in order to learn how to program in Python and to test your cade. You can use Windows (fram XP onward) on either a 32 ‘or 64-bit pracessor, an Apple Mac oF Linuxinstalled PC. AN IDE An IDE (Integrated Developer Environment) is used to enter and execute Python code, It enables you to inspect your program code and the values within the code, 2s Wells offering advanced features. There are many different IDEs avaliable, sofind the one that works For you and gives the best results. |_| PYTHON SOFTWARE ‘macOS and Linux already come with Python preinstalled as part of the operating system, as does the Raspberry Pi. However, you need to ensure that you're running the latest version of Python. Windows users need to download and instal Python, which well cover shortly TEXT EDITOR Whilst a text editor is an ideal environment to enter code into, it's not an absolute necessity. You can enter and execute code directly from the IDLE but atext editor, such as Sublime Text or Notepad++, offers more advanced features and colour coding when entering code. INTERNET ACCESS Python isan ever evolving environment and as such new versions often introduce new concepts or change existing commands and code structure to make it amore efficient language. Having access to the Internet will keep you up-to-date, help you out when you get stuck and give access to Python's immense number of modules. TIME AND PATIENCE Despite what other books may lead you to believe, you won't become a programmer in 24-hours. Learning to cade in Python takes time, and patience. You may become stuck t times and other times the cade wil flow lke water. Understand you're learning something entirely new, and you wil get there(“Equipment You will Need THE RASPBERRY PI Why use a Raspberry Pi? The Raspberry Pisa tiny computer that’s very cheap to purchase but offers the user a fantastic learning platform. Its main operating system, Raspbian, comes preinstalled with the latest Python along with many Modules and extras. PC ag) The Raspberry Pi 3 isthe latest version, incorporating a more powerful CPU, more memory, Wii and Bluetooth suppor. You can pick upa Pi for around €32 or asa part of kt For £504, depending on the kityou'e interested in FUZE PROJECT The FUZE sa learning environment built on the latest model of the Raspberry Pi. You can purchase the workstations that come with an electronics kitand even a robot arm for you to build and program. You can find mare information on the FUZE at wwwFuze.co.uk. Weave several reat RaspberryPttlesavalable a wor bdmpublcatons.com. Our Pibooks cover how to buy Your fest RaspberyP setitupanduse a iztheearesome rest sep- bystepproectoamplsand fey The hides to getthe most fom the Raspberry Ptoo [7 Te Raspberry P's main operating system i a Debian-based Linux distribution that comes with everything you need in 2a simple to use package. I's streamlined for the Piand is an ideal platform for hardware and software projects, Python programming and even asa desktop computer. 9=> Say Hello to Python ) Getting to Know Python uN er eer ceo neem ae | Cute kane letra SoU MWA en oem Reor LMNs (Ure enlace] one WHAT IS PROGRAMMING? Ithelps to understand what a programming language is before you try to learn one, and Python is no different. Let's take 3 look at how Python came about and how it relates to other languages. aio] PROGRAMMING RECIPES ‘A programming language Programs are lke recipes For computers. A recipe to bake a cake could go like ths: isa listof instructions that ‘a computer follows. These instructions can be as simple ‘as displaying your name ‘or playing a musicfile, or ‘ascomplex as building 2 ‘whole virtual world. Python isa programming language conceived in the late 1980s by Guido van Rossum ‘at Centrum Wiskunde & Put 200 grans of se1f-raising flour in 6 boul Wiss 90 grene ot butter to the Boul Put 100 grams of selfraising flourin a bow ‘Add 100 grams of butter tothe bowl, ‘Add 100 mliitres of milk. Bake for half an hour, CODE Just lke a recipe, @ program consists of instructions that you follow inorder. A program that describes a cake might run tke ths: Informatica (OW) in the bowl = 0 Netherlands as a successor to flour = 100 ‘Frou = the ABClanguage. [butter = 50 milk = 100 bb .append( [flour butter mic] I cake. cookCbon) Guido van Rossum, the Father of Python. PROGRAM COMMANDS You might not understand some of the Python commands, lke bowl append and cake.cook(bowl) The firsts alist the second an object; we'l look at both inthis book. The main thing to know is that it’s easy to read commands in Python. Once you learn what the commands do, i's easy to Figure out how a program works.HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES Computer languages that are easyto read are known as high evel Thisis because they fly high above the hardware (also referred to as ne metal’, Languages that “fly close to the metal” like Assembly, ‘are known as low-level”. Low-level languages commands read abit ike thismsg db ,@xa len equ $ = msg PYTHON 3 VS PYTHON 2 eau mu eeoy EL ue! WORLD OF PYTHON PRU ised there are two buttons available: one for Python 362 and the other aoe tet to loess ei DCR oa eure Ur originally PYTHON 2.X J eee een Cem te aa ee ey meas ee gs ZEN OF PYTHON Python lets you access all the power of a computer ina language that humans can understand, Behind all this isan ethos called "The Zen of Python.” Thisis collection oF 20 software principles that influences the design ofthe language. Principles include “Beautiful isbetter than uoly” an import: this into Python and it wil dsplay al the principles. ‘simple is better than complex.” Type what by the existence of two active versions of the language: ee aKa and enhanced Features, These features Sey PYTHON 3.x ere erates wil ee anemia ees 3.X WINS palueneeen Cae iththe ronSay Hello to Python How to Set Up Python in Windows Windows users can easily install the latest version of Python via the main Python lM ere ee ae uenas enon arareane Cesena inet tar platform of choice For building their code, it’s still an ideal starting point for beginners. INSTALLING PYTHON 3.X Microsoft Windows doesn’t come with Python preinstalled as standard, so you're going to have to install it yourself manually Thankfully, it's an easy process to Follow. Startby opening your web browser to www python, SUP ‘0ra/downloads/. Look for the button detailing the download lnk for Python 3.x (in our case thisis Python 3.6.2 but as mentioned you may see later versions of 3). De Rees Re BERTIER cick the download button for version 3x, and save the file to your Downloads folder. When the file is downloaded, double-click the executable and the Python installation wizard wil launch, From here you have two choices install Now and Customise Installation, We recommend opting Fo the Customise installation ink e& © python Fy BSTTSED) Choosing the customise option allows you to specify certain parameters, and whist you may stay with the defaults is @ goad habit to adopt as sometimes (not ‘with Python, thankfully) installers can include unwanted additional Features. On the fist screen available, ensure all boxes are ticked and click the Next button, Optional Features w = A = pythén FETS The next page of options include some interesting tions to Python. Ensure the Associate Fle with Python, Create Shortcuts, Add Python to Environment Variables, Precompile Standard Library and Install for All Users options are ticked, These make using Python later much easier. lick Install when you're ready to continue. a pythén Advanced Options windows me ora eatSTEP 5 You may n firm the installation with the Windows authentication notification Simply click Yes and Python will begin to install, Once the installations complete the final Python wizard page wil allow you to view the latest release notes and Fllow some online tutorial Setup was successful = e =— © st phe pythén windows How to Set Up Python in Windows Clicking on the IDLE (Python 3.6 32-bit) ink wil launch the Python Shel, where you can begin your Python programming journey. Don't worry iFyour version ismewer, as long as it's Python 3.x our code will work inside your Python 3 interface, Before you close the istalwicard window, SUS however, it's best to click on the link next to the shel dete Dsable Path Lenathimt. isl ow Python tobypasthe Windows 260 character imitation, enabling ou to execute Python programs stored in deep fldts rangement oan, clk esto authenticate the process, then you can Cos the © Disab path lenat ‘close Windows 10 users will now find the installed Python 3.xwithin the Start button Recently Added section. The First ink, Python 3.6 (32-bit) will launch the comma ine version of Python when licked (more on that in 8 moment) To open the IDLE, type IDLE into Windows start. =o e 4 Stone FETTER you now click on the windows Start button again, {and this time type: (MD, youl be presented with the Command Prompt ink. Click it to get to the Windows command line environment. To enter Python within the command line, you need totype: python and press Enter BSTSET The command line version of Python works in much the sare way asthe Shell you opened in Step 8; note the three leftfacing arcows (>>>). Whilst it's a perfectly Fine environment, it's not tao user-friendly, so leave the command line For now. Enter: Exit to leave and close the Command Prompt window.Say Hello to Python How to Set Up Python on a Mac Tavotc Tan E UP Cena tate l Laren tere COA ne ae version of Python is already installed. However, you should make sure you're running ade INSTALLING PYTHON Apple's operating system comes with Python installed, so you don't need to install it separately. However, Apple doesn’t update Python very often and you're probably running an older version. So it makes sense to check and update First: ‘pen anew Terminal ng co Cickon the ates version of ython 3 in or au Utilities, then double-click the Terminal icon, Now Sua?) case this is the download button For Python 3.6.2. ester python’ =-version voushouldsee"Pytion?.5.7 and. Ths wil avtomaticaly downoad the tes version o Python and ‘even later, i Apple has updated the OS and Python instalation. 1g on how you've got your Mac configured, it automatically Either way, i's best ta check forthe latest version, installation wizard (pen Star andhead over to wwnupython ora! the Python instalation wiard open, click on nar downloads. Just as with the Windows set up Sus) the Continue button to begin the installation. It’s. procedure onthe previous pages, youcansee two yelow download worth taking amomentto read trough the Important information sone orPytnon 342, andthe otherForPython 27.13. secon ncaseireferences something that applies o your version Chat version numbers may be differen ue tothe Frequent‘Thernext section details the Software License Agreement, and whilst not particularly interesting to most folks it's probably worth a read. When you're ready, click on the Continue button once again Install button, which you need to click to startthe actual instalation (of Python 3.x on to your Mac. You may need to enter your password to authenticate the installation process. Finally you're be presented with the amount of space Python will take up on your system and an The instalation should take to ong the older Susp Mac Mini we used in this section isa little slower than more modern Mac machines andi ony tock round eit seconds forthe nsalaton Sucesful prompt tobe delayed, There’ nothing mich le eto dante Python Sia) installation wizard so you can click the Close button. you now drop backinto Terminal eson andreente the commanc python. =-verston you can see the ne versions now sted. To enter thecommantine version oF Python, you need tSenterpython3 Toate exitO Youneed to searchin Finder forthe Python DLE cue) when you've found it, click it to launch and it shoul look similar to that the Windows DLE version shown on the previous page The onl difference being the Mac detected hardware platform ts uneing on one mana Rriitnghm cas teh ee Rea Saat ea nie as ea Clr Mac versions may have trouble wth the sar newer versions of Python, in which case you will need to revert toa previous Pyenon 3x bulld along ae youre sing Bython 3:4 te code mthisbook wil work or you, Python 3.1.2 (r312:79360M, Mar 24 2010, 01+33:18) {Gce 4.0/1" (apple inc. build 5493)} on’ darwin Type "copyright", “credits or "license()" for mo re information. How to Set Up Python on a Mac elSay Hello to Python ») How to Set Up Python in Linux Cea ea Tease CLe Maret Mate ae eg] olU elon d elt eR AERO] to be using Python 3.x, there's a little work we need to do first to get hold of it. Thankfully, it’s not too difficult. PYTHON PENGUIN Linux is such a versatile operating system that it's often difficult to nail down just one way of doing something. Different distributions go about installing software in different ways, so we will stick to Linux Mint 18.1 for this particular tutorial PEPER Fistyounced to ascertain which version of Python RIB some Linux distros ill automatically update iscurrently installed in your Linux system; as we the instalation of Python tothe latest versions ‘mentioned, we're going to be using Linux Mint 18.1 forth section, whenever the system is updated. To check, Fist doa system update ‘Aswith macOS, drop into a Terminal by pressing Ctr, and upgrade with sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade Savidedavid-mint Fie Et View Search Terminal Help Enter your password and let the system do any updates. Neweracgytan cveratonoine eral EERE one endure conte 04 sue screen. You should have the output relating to SUES may need to answer 'Y’ to authorise any upgrades, version 2xofPythoninthedsply Ousinthisease Python enter python3.=-version tose Python 3xis updated or even aria installed. inthe case oF Linax Min the version we aves Python 3.5.2, whichis fine for our purposes davkiedid mint Fle Edit View Search Terminal Help 2Howto Sep ythonin ie However, ifyou want the latest version, 3.6.2 as per BED \within the Python folder, enter: UGE the ytionvebste atthe tie oF writing. you need aati nee tpbul thon rom sure Stary entering these commands ito SS ee ‘This could alittle while depending on the speed of your computer Once Finished, enter: python3.6 ==version to check the installed latest version sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstalt sudo apt-get install libreadLine-gplv2-dev LibncurseswS-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev Libgdbm-dev Libc6-dev Libbz2-dev Open upyour Linx eb browser and goto For the GIDL, you need to enter te fllowing Suid the Python download page: www.python.org/ 28) command into the Terminal: downloads. Cickon the Download Python 342 (or whichever version's on when ou lok te downloade source Python Seatancte The LE can thenbe started with the command: tL @3.Note, that DDLErunsadfeentverson rom the one you stale rom source sudo opt-get install idle3 @ python ei St Inthe Terminal, go the Downloads folder by EEXD You also need FAP (Pip installs Packages) whichis a suaPi entering: ed Downloads/. Then unzip the SHEP tool to help you install more modules and extras. Contentsof the cownlcaded Python source code with: tar =xvF Enter sudo apt-get install. python3-pip Python-3.6.2. tar. x2, Now enter the newly undies folder by PP then installed: checkfor the atest update with pip3 install --upgrade pip Zo When complete, close the Terminal and Python 3.x will be available via the Programming section in your distro’s menu.) Say Hello to Python) Installing a Text Editor Tene eC es Lg as P te Tete ea Oe Tuan AW NI ol eRe Keele ON h Rem eT ke) unique characters, paragraph settings and much more, so it’s not a good platform For yee keels SUBLIME CODE Sublime Text is an excellent, cross-platform text editor that's designed for entering code. It hasa slick interface, many Features and performs magnificently. In short, it's an ideal starting point. Lets begin by navigating tothe Sublime Text a? webpage, to download the latest version for whatever operating sytem youre current running. Youcan ind the website at wwwsublimetext.com, together with a download button forthe detected 0S that you're using Sublime Text ‘However, iF you want to specify a particular sure ‘operating system version, then click on the Download link Foundinthe topmenu baron the ste, Tis wil open {page with links For the latest version for OSX, Windows, Windows {64-bit and Linux machines. Sublime Text 3 Download whichever version you choos, download the setup sUa?s) files and double-click them to begin the set up proces. youre usng Windows which we are inthis instance, ten you see the standard installation wizard, The defaults wil suffice, so ‘go ahead and install the program. Welcome to the Sublime Text 3 Setup Wizard Iteteonneded tt you done aor amtatertetre one cet entre Cnad ent Se when stale Subime defaults tos black suaPs) ‘background and white text; whilst this is perfectly. Fine Formos user, snot aay he most comfortable Viewing ‘setup. Thankfully, there are countless themes you can apply by Clicking Preferences» Colour Scheme, We ve optedforiDLEIn thiscreenshotvs (_ Installing a Text Editor el iG 19 ‘Sublime Text offers some excellent Features over ‘Sublime isn’t just for Python either. With it you can eae that of the standard Python IDLE. For example, ua build code for a number of programming languages. enter the following: Click on Tools > Build System to see which languages you'r able to m ' build with in Sublime. print (“Hello everyone!”) Thisis an actual Python command, which will print the words eee = Helo everjoe! onthe seen Notcehow ble automata gf SSG a “oo ‘recognises thisas code and places the quotes and parentheses a PEPER 000, asyoubecome more Python-savy, youllfind EIB sublime comes with a number of preinstalled thatthe standard IDLE isnt quite up to the task plugins for Python code, allowing you to experiment (of keeping up with your cade, alterations and injections of code _—_with your code in real-time. They're probably litte bewildering at ‘mid-way through a long program. However, Sublime will keep you this point intime but you wil key Find them useful as your Python updated and you can even utilise indents easly. skills increase. pon nee Ts OI ‘AP Reference were not goingto gettoo hel into the ERD ters ceomrentyou sete ue to Susp code right now but an indent is part of Python sua begin with. Although the Python IDLE isn’t as. programing where astatementingcatesthatthefolewing advanced as Sublime t's perfect base on wich to bull your sls indented commande mustbe rn nti a parca even has Once you've mastered Python, and he way t works, you can move hhappenedt after which the indents stop. Pressing Ctrls]willindent aon toa text editor forthe better Features. line of code in Python,= SayHellotoC++ ) Say Hello to C++ CSUR UC ce Ru aoe what you see in front of you when you power up Pe al Ce eT) Windows, macOS or Linux, is created using C++. Being able to code in C++ opens up a whole new world for you in terms of desirable professional skills ERE ser ee Seu ues Ue Pa ne ea) ROO Eee Cus eae and much more. It’s used in science, engineering, banking, education, the space industry etc. DTN LON eS So world of C++ and get your First few lines of code up ETC Ris wurmibémpublicatonscomSay Hello to C++ Why C++? eee gas Cr cc caterer ACH ICY : called C with Classes, the language was renamed C++ in 1983. t's an extension of the original C language and is a general purpose object-oriented (OOP) environment. C EVERYTHING Due to how complex the language can be, and its power and performance, C++ is often used to develop games, programs, device drivers and even entire operating systems. Dating backto 1979, the start ofthe golden ere of home ‘computing labs and by regular people who didn't have access tothe computing, C++, or rather C with Classes, was the brainchild of mainframes and large computing data centres. Danish computer scientist Bjame Stroustrup while working on his PhO thesis. Stroustrup's plan was to Further the original language, Cs impact in the digital word is immense. Many of the programs, which was widely used since the early seventies. applications, games and even operating systems are coded using ‘Ct For example, al of Adobe's major applications such as C++ proved to be popular among the developers ofthe 80s, Photoshop, InDesign and so on, are developed in C++. You will find since it wasa much easier environment to get to arp with and that the browser you surf the internet with i written in C++, as ‘more importantly, it was 99% compatible with the original C ‘well as Windows 10, Microsoft Office and the backbone to Google's language. This meant that it could be used beyond the mainstream search engine. Apple's macOS is writen largely in C++ (with sorne G crcstsamadinertantatstiton 1] #include 2 | using namespace std; 3. | void main() 4 |Dchar ch; 5 cout<<"Enter a charater to check it is vowel or not"; 6 cin>>ch; 7 switch (ch) 8 io 9 case'A': 10 cout<) Say Helloto C++ ) Equipment You Will Need Slt one eR NUS Eel Rem Con Ake col CL Te h ] don’t need an entire computing lab at your disposal either. Providing you have a fairly modern computer, everything else is freely available. C++ SETUPS Thankfully, Python is a multi-platform programming language available for Windows, macOS, Linux, Raspberry Pi and more. If you have one of those systems, then you can easily start using Python. COMPUTER Unless you Fancy writing out your C++ code by hand on a sheet of paper (which is something many older coders used to do}, then a computer is an absolute must have component. PC users can have any recent Linux distro or Windows OS, Mac users the latese macos, AN IDE ‘As with Python, an IDE is used to enter and execute your C++ code. Many IDEs come “with extensions and plugins that help make it work better, or add an extra level oF Functionality. Often, an IDE will rovide enhancements depending on the core OS being used, such as being enhanced For Windows 10. COMPILER ‘Accompilerisa program that will convert the C++ language into binary that the computer can understand. While some IDEs come with 2 compiler builtin, others don't. CodeBlocks is our favourite IDE that comes with a C++ compiler as part of the package. More on this ater. TEXT EDITOR ‘Some programmers much prefer to use atext editor to assemble their C++ code before running it through a compiler. Essentialy you can any text editor to write code, just sve it with a.cpp extension, However, Notepad++ is one of the best code text editors available, INTERNET ACCESS. \While i's entirely possible to learn how to code on a computer that’s not attached tothe internet, it's extraordinarily difficult. You will need to install the relevant software, keep it up to date install any extras or extensions, and look for help when coding. Allof which require access to the Internet. TIME AND PATIENCE Yes, as with Python, you're going to need to set aside significant time to spend on learning how to code in C++. Sadly, unless you're a genius, it's not going to happen ‘overnight, or even a week. A good C++ coder has spent many years honing their craft, sobe patient, start small and keep learning.OS SPECIFIC NEEDS ‘C++ will work in any operating system, however, ge some OS specifics For C++. ay Linux users ae lucky in that they already have a compiler and text editor built nto their operating system. Any text editor will alow you type out your Cr+ code, when it’s saved with a {epp extension, use g¢+to compile it. RASPBERRY PI ‘The Respberry P's operating system is Raspbian, which isLinux based, Therefore, ‘you'r able to write your code ‘out using a text editor, then compile twith g++ as you would in any other Linux distro. 19 all the necessary pieces together can be confusing to a newcomer. Here's PNP NEy ‘Aswe've mentioned previously, a good IDE Is Microsoft's Visual Studio. However, a better IDE and compilers Code:Blocks, which is regularly kept up to date with a new release twice a year, or so. Otherwise Windows users can enter their code in Notepad++ then compile it with MinGW — which CodeBlocks uses MAC Mac owners will need to download and install Xcode tobe able to compile their C++ code natively. Other ‘options For the macOS include Netbeans, Eclipse or Code:Blocks, Note: the latest Code:Blocks isnt available for Mac due toa lack of ‘Mac developers Z Equipment You Will Need ea~ ) Say Helloto C++ ) Getting to Know C++ eee Ure a ec RR Poeun COM ola ela an aU enue R ele elma Ture Mole tare len Ten ale) Cole eS LTE | CLC) code in C++ is a must. Remember, you're never too old to learn how to code. #INCLUDE Learning the basics of programming, through Python for example, enables you to understand the structure of a program. The ‘commands may be different, but you can start to see how the code works. #INCLUDE ye weode.cpp (-/0 ‘The structure ofa C++ program issightydiferentto that of ar a Python and adically diferent tOBASIC. Every Crs code begins with a directive, include =-Thedreciveinstuctsthe Code. For example: #inelude CH C+ was invented by Danish student Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979, asa part of his PhO E thesis. nitially C++ was called CCwith Classes, which added Features tothe already popular C programming language, while making ita more { Unerftendyenironment. incudesthe i issteameadertosupport } Bjarne Stroustrur ‘input/output operations. OF C++, INT MAIN() ’ *newcode.cpp (~/D ‘nt main0 initiates the File Edit View Search Tools Documents Help declaration ofa Function, which o m~~-i x08). isa group of code statements ‘under the name ‘main’. ll +4 code begins atthe main function, regardless of wheceit \¢"] #newcode.cpp actualy ies within the code. #include int main() BRACES . *newcode.cpp (-/Documents) a ‘The open braces File Edit View Search Tools Documents Help something that you may nothave come across, Deforespecaly youre ana et ee usedto Python. The open braceindcatesthe |] #newcode-cpp X beainrng of he main function nd contain al the code that belongs to 7 that function, int main() { #include COMMENTS Lines that begin with a double slash are comments. This means they won't be executed in the code and are ignored by the compiler, Why are they there? Comments are designed to help you, or another ‘programmer looking at your code, explain what's going on, There {are two types of comment: * covers multiple line comments, // single ine, . *newcode.cpp (-/Decuments) fle Eat View Search Tools Oocaments Help boa n~ xyoml|ag irre» | int main() (/ 7 Fase co programe 7 ( Getting to Know C++ ea \ << ‘The two chevrons used here are insertion operators, This means that whatever Follows the chevrons sto be inserted into the std:cout statement, In this case the words are ‘Hello World, which ‘are to be displayed on the screen when you compile and execute the code, . “newcode cpp (-/Documents) Fle Edt View Search Tools Documents Help (c themcode cpp itinclude dint main() 1 My First Cos program! Std:teout << (HELLo World!\n") STD \while std stands for something quite different, in C++ it means ‘Standard. I's a part ofthe Standard Namespace in C++, which covers ’a number of different statements and cornmands. You can leave the std part out of a code, but it must be declared atthe start with: using namespace std. ~ “snewcode-cpp (/Documents) File Edt View Search Tools Documents Help Boaljn~/yaonjag sremadecop * | include using namespace std; int main() {/ M7 rst Coe progrant COUT Inthis example we're using cout, which isa part of the Standard "Namespace, hence why t's there, as you're asking C++ to use it rom that particular namespace. Cout means Character OUTput, which displays, or prints, something to the screen. IFwe leave std: out we have to declare it atthe start of the code, as mentioned previously. » “newcode cpp (-/Decuments) File Eat View Search Tools Documents Help (Gi tnemcode.cpp #include int main() ft 11 My First cee program Std: fcout OUTPUTS Leading on, the (‘Hello World!) part is what we want to appear on the screen when the code is executed. You can enter whatever you lke, as long asits inside the quotation marks. The brackets aren't needed but some compiles insist on them, The \n partindicates a new line is tobe inserted 11 My first C++ program! Std: teout <¢ ("HELLO World! \a”)] ; AND} Finally you can see tat ines within a function code bck except comments end wth semicolon, Thismarksthe end ofthe Statement and all statements in Cre musthave one a the end or the compiler wl alto buld the cde. The very last ine hes the closing brace to indicate the end ofthe min Function.~ ) Say Helloto C++ ) How to Set Up C++ in Windows ATT MR ea E RU aoe nel eAO AUN col COM TRCN Ne NN Gea 1K Pl oa cent len isl ceeteiee nine n ch atric in Ucnercis However, in our opinion, the best C++ IDE to begin with is Code::Blocks. CODE::BLOCKS Code:Blocks is a free C++, C and Fortran IDE that is Feature rich and easily extendible with plugins. It’s easy to use, comes with a compiler and has a vibrant community behind it too. STEERED S22"tby visting the Code:Blocks downloadsite, at [ESTEEM When you've located the file, click on the www codeblocks.org/downloads. From there, click Sourceforge.net ink atthe end of the line and a (on the ‘Download the binary releases’ ink tobe taken to the latest ‘download notification window appears; click on Save File to start downloadable version fr Windows. the download and save the executable to your PC. Locate the downloaded CodeBlocks installer and double-click ta start. Follow . <= the on-screen instructions to begin the installation Welcome to CodeBlocks Setup Seng nl eyo trough eat of Coe Rereomneded tac sete ety fue sary Ss ere poe anne ‘Seta snin tes hing wert a There you can see, there are several Windows ‘Once you agree to the licencing terms, a choice of versions available. The one you want to download installation options becomes avalable. You can opt has mingw-setup.exe atthe end of the current version number. At fora smaller instal, missing out an some of the components but Wwe the time of writing thisis: codeblocks-17.12mingwesetup.exe. The recommend that you opt for the Full option, as default differences that the mingw-setup version includes a C++ compiler and debugger from TDM-GCC (a compiler suite). Zz ‘sone Compares = II pat Sohteetranee a =, 8S seectenge cfr RSA, its z Eee SI Sideteseton | * eee se Pn nenent ate sSonrenrd: 25488