Historical Background: New Latin Italian Politician German Gottfried Achenwall Data State

Joyce Tomarong BEED BNB
Historical Background
Historical Background
The term statistics is ultimately derived from the New Latin statisticum

collegium ("council of state") and the Italian word statista ("statesman" or "politician").
The German Statistik, first introduced by Gottfried Achenwall (1749), originally
designated the analysis of data about the state, signifying the "science of state" (then
called political arithmetic in English). It acquired the meaning of the collection and
classification of data generally in the early 19th century. It was introduced into English in
1791 by Sir John Sinclair when he published the first of 21 volumes titled Statistical
Account of Scotland.[1]
Thus, the original principal purpose of Statistik was data to be used by governmental

and (often centralized) administrative bodies. The collection of data about states and
localities continues, largely through national and international statistical services. In
particular, censuses provide frequently updated information about the population.
Meaning
The first book to have 'statistics' in its title was "Contributions to Vital Statistics" (1845)
by Francis GP Neison, actuary to the Medical Invalid and General Life Office
The term statistics has both plural and singular sense. In its plural sense, the word
statistics refers to numerical facts that are systematically collected and analyzed. For
instance, readers of a business section of a newspaper would think of statistics as the
consumer price index, the returns on a particular stock, the peso to the dollar exchange
rate, among others, being discussed in the newspapers.
In its singular sense, the word statistics refers to scientific discipline consisting of theory
and methods for processing numerical information that one can use when making a
decision in the face of uncertainty.
The recognition of uncertainty and the importance of statistical activities are likely to be
as old as civilization itself. Even before the art of counting was perfected, there is
evidence to suggest that herdsmen were putting notches on tees to keep track of their
cattle. In its plural and singular sense, the term statistics refers to quantities computed
from numerical information.
As such, statisticians are involved with methods of data collection, data summarization,
and data analyses, as well as communicating the results of its analyses. The eminent
statistician Bradley Efron summarized how diverse statistical applications are.
1.What is your own understanding of statistics in a singular sense? and in plural sense?
Plural Statistics are more on numerical data. The basis of the facts collected are based on
numerical data. Conclusions are being conclude by analyzing the numerical data being
collected.
Singular Statistics are more on theory. Singular Statistics maybe use numerical data collection as
the basis, but this statistic dig deeper on its analysis. This statistic considers theories by
observing, survey questionnaire, interview, etc. Singular Statistics make decision by analyzing,
interpreting, observing its statistics.
2.Give 2 situations in which statistics is in its singular sense and 2 situations in which statistics in
its plural sense.
Plural Statistics
Statistics of Students Population in a particular school in different years.
Singular Statistics
The collection and analyzation of a math grades in a particular class and determine the reason
of failing math subject.
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

As a body if knowledge, statistics has two main functions: Descriptive and inference.
Based on these two main functions, statistical methods may be categorized into two
major areas: descriptive and inferential.
Statistics are all around us. In fact it would be difficult to go through a full week without
using statistics.
Without statistics we couldn’t plan our budgets, pay our taxes, enjoy games to their
fullest, evaluate classroom performance.
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic feature of the data in a study by
providing simple summaries about the sample and the measures. With descriptive
statistics you are simply describing what is or what the data show.
In a nutshell, descriptive statistics intend to describe a big hunk of data with summary
charts and tables, but do not attempt to draw conclusion about the population form
which the sample was taken. You are simply summarizing the data you have with pretty
charts and graphs kind of like telling someone the key points of a book ( executive
summary ) as opposed to just them thick book (raw data).
Inferential Statistics
Inferential statistics or statistical induction comprises the use of statistics to make

inferences concerning some unknown aspects of the population
Making inferences means deriving a conclusion solely on what one already knows. It is
trying to reach a conclusion based on data obtained from sample towards the
population might think.
In inferential statistics, we are trying to reach conclusion that extend beyond the
immediate data alone.

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Joyce Tomarong BEED BNB

The term statistics is ultimately derived from the New Latin statisticum

Thus, the original principal purpose of Statistik was data to be used by governmental

Statistics of Students Population in a particular school in different years.

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

Inferential statistics or statistical induction comprises the use of statistics to make

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