Laboratory work № 1.

Computation of metrics of productivity of computer

system: speed, efficiency, energy expenses, Amdal's law, CPU time

Theme: computation of metrics of productivity of computer system: speed,

efficiency, energy expenses, Amdal's law, CPU time.
Purpose: get practical skills in computing performance indicators of the
computer system, to acquire the skills of operations in different number systems.
The plan of practice:
1. Computation the main metrics of productivity of computer system
2. Explanation the Amdahl's Law
3. Arithmetic operations in different number systems
Course of work
1. Computation the main metrics of productivity of computer system
Computer system is group of interconnected devices, one or more of
which, acting in accordance with the program, performs automated data
processing. The modern computer system consists from Central Processing Unit
(CPU), primary and secondary Memory Devices, Input and Output devices and
Communication devices. The performance of a computer system depends on
each component of the computer system.
Collection of Coding and Storage and Transmission and
information inputting information decoding of
information processing information
External storage
device

Input data Output data

Output
Input device CPU Device

Random Access
Memory (RAM)

Picture 1.1. Computer structure

Main metrics of productivity of computer system is speed, efficiency,

energy expenses and CPU time.
1) Calculate the speed of the computer system and CPU time
 The speed of the computer primarily depends on which CPU it was
installed. If CPU sufficiently productive, working with a computer will be
comfortable. For determining its, simultaneously press keys: Alt, Ctrl, Delete.
Select item «Запустить диспетчер задач». In the «Диспетчер задач», select a
tab called «Быстродействие».

Picture 1.2. Computation of CPU performance

During the execution of most programs, the CPU sits idle much of the time
while the computer fetches data from the keyboard or disk, or sends data to an
output device. The CPU time of an executing program, therefore, is generally
much less than the total execution time of the program. Multitasking operating
systems take advantage of this by sharing the CPU among several programs.
2) Efficiency of computer system.
For determining its, click on button Start> Control Panel.
 Picture 1.3. Control panel

Picture 1.4. Computation of main metrics of productivity of computer

3) Energy expenses of computer system.

Source of energy expenses of computer are system unit, monitor, other
connected devices. To configure the computer's power settings, select item
«Настройка электропитания» (pic. 1.4).
 Picture 1.5. Configuring the computer's power settings

So, some of computer users think that their computer is not working fast
enough. In this case, the computer's performance can checked. According to the
results are selected the components which are reduced productivity. And then
you can try to correct this problem by upgrading your computer.
2. Explanation the Amdahl's Law
If computer task (program) can be divided into several parts, then to
accelerate its realisation, these parts can be performed simultaneously (in
parallel). The total time of task execution on a parallel system will be equal to
execution time of its longest fragment. That is, the shorter each fragment and the
more parallel calculations, the faster the performance of the entire task.
Amdahl's law proves the theoretical speedup in latency of the execution of
a task at fixed workload that can be expected of a system whose resources are
improved. It is named after computer scientist Gene Amdahl.
 Picture 1.6. Amdahl's law
From the law of Amdahl follows the definitions of the following concepts:
 increase in productivity = the best time for solving the problem in a
uniprocessor system / the best time for solving the problem in a multiprocessor
system;
 efficiency = increased productivity / number of processors;
 cost = number of processors / time of task execution in the multiprocessor
system.
This means that there is no need to buy the fastest processor. This CPU
probably have a high price and high energy consumption. It is sufficient that the
software effectively separated the computational load into several streams to
fully utilize the resources of two or more cores of the microprocessor.
3. Arithmetic operations in different number systems
In order to send information to the computer system (send input data to
input device), all symbols (decimal numbers, characters or letters) and pictures
must be translated into a form suitable for computer processing – the string of
binary number numbers.
In a computer system, the presence of an electronic or magnetic signal
means one, and the absence of such a signal is represented as zero. A binary
number representing the smallest unit of information, and assuming the values 0
and 1, is called a bit (from binary digit). A string of eight bits is called a byte.
One byte can be used to represent one symbols or part of the picture.
Let's try to count in the Binary Number System:
0
(2) is zero in decimal number system
1
(2) is one (and this is the discharge limit)
10
(2) are two
 11
(2) are three (and this again is the limit)
100(2) are four
101(2) – five
110
(2) – six
111(2) – seven (and this again is the limit)
1000(2) – eight, etc.
Arithmetic operations in binary system:
Addition Subtraction Multiplication 11102 +112 =100012
.
0+0= 0 0–0=0 0 0=0
.
1+0= 1 1–0=1 1 0=0
.
0+1= 1 1–1=0 1 0=0
.
1 + 1 = 10 10 – 1 = 1 1 1=1

In the ternary number system:

0
(3) is zero in decimal number system
1
(3) is one
2
(3) are two (and this is the discharge limit)
10
(3) are three
11
(3) are four
12
(3) – five (and this again is the limit)
20
(3) – six
21
(3) – seven
22
(3) – eight (and this again is the limit)
30
– nine, etc.
(3)

Number systems are divided into positional and non-position. If the value
of the digit does not depend on its position in the sequence, then such a
numbering system is called non-position.
Roman numeral system is positional number system:
1=I 5=V 10 = X 50 = L 60 = LX 40 = XL
100 = C 500 = D 1000 = M 1050 = ML 1060 = MLX 1040 = MXL
XXXII = (X + X + X) + (I + I) = 30 + 2 = 32
CDXLIV = (D – C) + (L – X) + (V – I) = 400 + 40 + 4 = 444
MMXVII = (M + M) + X + V + I + I = 2000 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 2017
MCMLXXIV=M+(M-C)+L+(X+X)+(V-I)=1000+900+50+20+4 =1974
 Octal number system and Hexadecimal number system are non-positional
number systems:
Octal number system Hexadecimal number system
0(10) – 0(8) 0(10) – 0(16)
6(10) – 6(8) 10(10) – A(16)
7(10) – 7(8) (discharge limit) 11(10) – B(16)
8(10) – 10(8) 12(10) – C(16)
9(10) – 11(8) 13(10) – D(16)
10(10) – 12(8) 14(10) – E(16)
11(10) – 13(8) 15(10) – F(16) (discharge limit)
12(10) – 14(8) 16(10) – 20(16)

The translation of an integer from the Decimal Number System to another

number system:
25(10) = 11001(2) 325(10) = 505(8)

Translation final decimal fraction from the Decimal Number System to

another number system:
0,375(10) = 0,011(2)
.
0,375 2 = 0,75 0 – the first digit of the result
.
0,75 2 = 1,5 1 – the second digit of the result
.
0,5 2 = 1,0 1 – the last digit of the result
Translation other base system to Decimal Number System:

AF0,AF(16) = 2800,293(10)
 . . . .1 . 1 75
10 256 + 15 16 + 0 1 + 10 + 15 = 2800 + = 2800,293
16 256 256

. . . . . .1 .1 .1 3
1 16 + 1 8 + 0 4 + 1 2 +1 1 + 0 +1 +1 = 27 + = 27, 375
2 4 8 8

Practical tasks
Variant 1.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. CXLVIII 2. MMCDIX 3. 505 4. 864
2) Solve the equation:
112035 + Х3 = 26207 где 5, 3, 7 – the basic number system.
3) Convert decimal numbers to a specified number system:
1. 66610  (?)4 2. 76910  (?)8 3. 830,0310  (?)4
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. CEF16  (?)10 3. 3342,246  (?)10
2. 76548 (?)10 4. 1634,728  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 34215 (?)3 2. 12314  (?)6
6) Solve the equation:
324х = 1557 where X and 7–the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
1. 111113 +1 2223 3. 3F416 · 2516 5. 34637 – 1465,357
2. 10008 – 7778 4. 2B816 – 18E16 6. 541,326 + 324,435

Variant 2.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. CXI 2. MMCDIX 3. 88 4. 904
2) Solve the equation:
3146 + Х16 = 36428 где 6, 16, 8 – the basic number system.
3) Convert decimal numbers to a specified number system:
1. 51810  (?)4 2. 67210  (?)8 3. 1997,410  (?)5
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. 2F416  (?)10 3. 314,235  (?)10
2. 3425  (?)10 4. 634,128  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 3Bl16  (?)8 2. 2314  (?)6
6) Solve the equation:
325х = 1489 where X and 9–the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
1. 2456 + 1346 3. 3245 · 235 5. 573,648 – 465,358
2. 11213 – 2223 4. 321,234 + 112,334 6. 263,157 + 231,324

Variant 3.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. MLXVII 2. DLXVI 3. 505 4. 1371
2) Solve the equation:
6107 + Х10 = 1C216 where 7 and 7–the basic number system. Find X.
3. Convert to a specified number system:
1. 271510  (?)16 2. 58510  (?)6 3. 379,7510  (?)5
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. 4AF16  (?)10 3. 300,234  (?)10
2. 643257  (?)10 4. 756,428  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 31A16  (?)5 2. 4238  (?)3
6) Solve the equation:
210х = 2537 where X and 7–the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
1. 23478 + 51368 3. 442,657 + 34,57 5. 4326 · 3146
2.72439 – 54879 4. 1EA16 – AE16 6. 441,325 + 121,213

Variant 4.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. DCXVII 2. CMLXXIX 3. 96 4. 864
2) Solve the equation:
21334 + Х3 = 7468 где 4, 3, 8 – the basic number system.
3) Convert decimal numbers to a specified number system:
1. 35810  (?)7 2. 94210  (?)8 3. 3797,410  (?)5
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. CF416  (?)10 3. 3221,234  (?)10
2. 23425  (?)10 4. 6003,328  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 3356 (?)4 2. 273l8  (?)16
6) Solve the equation:
304х = 9716 where X and 16–the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
1. 2435 + 4345 3. 3546 · 4236 5. 523,657 – 366,667
2. 7028 – 6548 4. 1321,234 + 332,334 6. 231,134 + 141,3556
 Variant 5.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. DVI 2. MCCLVI 3. 348 4. 2689
2) Solve the equation:
112035 + Х3 = 26207 где 5, 3, 7 – the basic number system.
3) Convert decimal numbers to a specified number system:
1. 412310 (?)16 2. 89010  (?)7 3. 71,7510  (?)3
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. EEE16  (?)10 3. 111111,11112  (?)10
2. 55556  (?)10 4. 20211,2213  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 5678 (?)16 2. 23456  (?)5
6) Solve the equation:
341х = 6016 where X and 16–the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
1. 2435 + 4335 3. 568,859 + 46,59 5. 3224 · 334
2. 7638 – 5758 4. 20A16 – lFE16 6. 403,325+365,567

Variant 6.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. DCVI 2. CDXXXIII 3. 2561 4. 701
2) Solve the equation:
1102013 + Х6 = 7048 где 3, 6, 8 – the basic number system.
3) Convert decimal numbers to a specified number system:
1. 66610  (?)4 2. 97510  (?)16 3. 907,5210  (?)5
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. FFF16  (?)10 3. 1114,245  (?)10
2. 300024  (?)10 4. 3334,128  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 6328  (?)5 2. 1000012  (?)6
6) Solve the equation:
312х = 1057 where X and 7 –the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
1. 25356 + 4536 3. 4345 · 1435 5. 500,348 – 465,458
2. 121223 – 22213 4. 326,247 + 652,337 6. 231,134 + 201,113

Variant 7.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. MCCCII 2. XCVI 3. 1500 4. 847
2) Solve the equation:
 Х16 + 210014 = 40026 где 16, 4, 6 – the basic number system.
3) Convert decimal numbers to a specified number system:
1. 146810  (?)16 2. 76910  (?)8 3. 571,2110  (?)7
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. DDD16  (?)10 3. 302,045  (?)10
2. 40316  (?)10 4. 226,A16  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 5136  (?)2 2. 1233214  (?)16
6) Solve the equation:
100х = 1446 где where X and 6–the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
1. 25478 + 57368 3. 542,657 + 432,537 5. 3425 · 2345
2. 74039 – 58679 4. 33BA16 – lA0E16 6. 120,023+ 345,436

Variant 8.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. CDVIII 2. MMCLIX 3. 3404 4. 220
2) Solve the equation:
Х6 + 4148 = 21067 где 6, 8, 7 – the basic number system.
3) Convert decimal numbers to a specified number system:
1.365810  (?)16 2. 70810  (?)5 3. 830,0310  (?)4
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. CAC16  (?)10 3. 3014,536  (?)10
2. 1000015  (?)10 4. 4434,628  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 54316  (?)16 2. 120223  (?)6
6) Solve the equation:
403х = 1739 где where X and 9–the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
l. 101112 + 111012 3. 4345 · 4135 5. 223,047 – 165,357
2. 321,234 + 112,334 4. 26518 – 7658 6. 231,178 + 201,3214
Variant 9.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. MMMCCLVIII 2. CDIII 3. 1001 4. 941
2) Solve the equation:
Х7 + 100435 = 4BC16 где 7, 5, 16 – the basic number system.
3) Convert decimal numbers to a specified number system:
1. 230110  (?)16 2. 57910  (?)7 3. 1564,2210  (?)5
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. CEF16  (?)10 3. 10342,245  (?)10
2. 330034  (?)10 4. 765,7218  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 544416  (?)8 2. 23457  (?)3
6) Solve the equation:
323х = 4217 where X and 7 –the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
1. 22213 + 22123 3. 542,657 + 154,567 5. 3425 · 2345
2. 27439 – 15879 4. 26816 – lAA16 6. 521,328 – 1101,112

Variant 10.
1) Convert roman record numbers to Arab and Arabian to the roman:
l. DCLXI 2. MCCIX 3. 780 4. 1339
2) Solve the equation:
5366 + Х10 = 110135 где 6, 10, 5 – the basic number system.
3) Convert decimal numbers to a specified number system:
1. 235710  (?)16 2. 76410  (?)2 3. 989,0210  (?)4
4) Convert numbers to decimal number system from specified:
1. CAD16  (?)10 3. 1131,234  (?)10
2. 76548  (?)10 4. 1034,527  (?)10
5) Convert numbers from one number system to another:
1. 56778  (?)4 2. 5516  (?)2
6) Solve the equation:
223х = 21034 where X and 4 – the basic number system. Find X.
7) Work out the action:
1. 21245 + 41345 3. 1234 · 2234 5. 5436 – 435,356
2. 71238 – 56448 4. 364,437 + 64,37 6. 631,148 + 201,2213