dependency injection with

Dagger 2
Jake Wharton
Dependency Injection

flickr.com/photos/sunsetnoir/6984108500
Dependency Injection
• No “new”, dependencies come to you

flickr.com/photos/sunsetnoir/6984108500
Dependency Injection
• First and foremost a pattern
Dependency Injection
• First and foremost a pattern

• Every single app has some form of dependency injection

Dependency Injection
• First and foremost a pattern

• Every single app has some form of dependency injection

Tweeter
Dependency Injection
• First and foremost a pattern

• Every single app has some form of dependency injection

Tweeter Twitter API

Dependency Injection
• First and foremost a pattern

• Every single app has some form of dependency injection

Tweeter Twitter API HTTP Client

public class Tweeter {

public void tweet(String tweet) {

TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi();

api.postTweet("JakeWharton", tweet);

}

}
public class Tweeter {

public void tweet(String tweet) {

TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi();

api.postTweet("JakeWharton", tweet);

}

}

public class TwitterApi {


public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

Request request = // TODO build POST request...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}
public class Tweeter {

public void tweet(String tweet) {

TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi();

api.postTweet("JakeWharton", tweet);

}

}

public class TwitterApi {


public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

Request request = // TODO build POST request...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}

Tweeter tweeter = new Tweeter();


tweeter.tweet("Hello, #Devoxx 2014!");
public class TwitterApi {

public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

Request request = // TODO build POST request...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}
public class TwitterApi {

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();



public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

Request request = // TODO build POST request...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}
public class TwitterApi {

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();



public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

Request request = // TODO build POST request...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}
public class TwitterApi {

private final OkHttpClient client;



public TwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

this.client = client;

}



public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

Request request = // TODO build POST request...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}
public class TwitterApi {

private final OkHttpClient client;



public TwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

this.client = client;

}



public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

Request request = // TODO build POST request...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}
public class Tweeter {

public void tweet(String tweet) {

TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi();

api.postTweet("JakeWharton", tweet);

}
}
public class Tweeter {

public void tweet(String tweet) {

TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(new OkHttpClient());

api.postTweet("JakeWharton", tweet);

}

}
public class Tweeter {

public void tweet(String tweet) {

TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(new OkHttpClient());

api.postTweet("JakeWharton", tweet);

}

}
public class Tweeter {

private final TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(new OkHttpClient());



public void tweet(String tweet) {

api.postTweet("JakeWharton", tweet);

}

}
public class Tweeter {

private final TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(new OkHttpClient());



public void tweet(String tweet) {

api.postTweet("JakeWharton", tweet);

}

}
public class Tweeter {

private final TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(new OkHttpClient());

private final String user;



public Tweeter(String user) {

this.user = user;

}



public void tweet(String tweet) {

api.postTweet(user, tweet);

}

}
public class Tweeter {

private final TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(new OkHttpClient());

private final String user;



public Tweeter(String user) {

this.user = user;

}



public void tweet(String tweet) {

api.postTweet(user, tweet);

}

}
Tweeter tweeter = new Tweeter();

tweeter.tweet("Hello, #Devoxx 2014!");
Tweeter tweeter = new Tweeter("JakeWharton");

tweeter.tweet("Hello, #Devoxx 2014!");
Tweeter tweeter = new Tweeter("JakeWharton");

tweeter.tweet("Hello, #Devoxx 2014!");
!Tweeter tweeter = new Tweeter("JakeWharton");


tweeter.tweet("Hello, #Devoxx 2014!");
tweeter.tweet("#Hungover #Dagger");
!tweeter.tweet("Waffles, beer, diamonds, chocolate, and Dagger!");
!tweeter.tweet("Java Posse ain’t got nothing on #Dagger");
!tweeter.tweet("Are these the same slides from last year? #meta");
tweeter.tweet("I need an injection of beer, amirite? #Dagger");
!Tweeter tweeter = new Tweeter("JakeWharton");


tweeter.tweet("Hello, #Devoxx 2014!");
tweeter.tweet("#Hungover #Dagger");
!tweeter.tweet("Waffles, beer, diamonds, chocolate, and Dagger!");
!tweeter.tweet("Java Posse ain’t got nothing on #Dagger");
!tweeter.tweet("Are these the same slides from last year? #meta");
tweeter.tweet("I need an injection of beer, amirite? #Dagger");

Timeline timeline = new Timeline("JakeWharton");


timeline.loadMore(20);

for (Tweet tweet : timeline.get()) {

System.out.println(tweet);

}
public class Timeline {

private final List<Tweet> cache = new ArrayList<>();

private final TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(new OkHttpClient());

private final String user;



public Timeline(String user) {

this.user = user;

}



public List<Tweet> get() { /* ... */ }

public void loadMore(int amount) { /* ... */ }

}
public class Timeline {

private final List<Tweet> cache = new ArrayList<>();

private final TwitterApi api;

private final String user;



public Timeline(TwitterApi api, String user) {

this.api = api;

this.user = user;

}



public List<Tweet> get() { /* ... */ }

public void loadMore(int amount) { /* ... */ }

}
public class Timeline {

private final List<Tweet> cache = new ArrayList<>();

private final TwitterApi api;

private final String user;



public Timeline(TwitterApi api, String user) {

this.api = api;

this.user = user;

}



public List<Tweet> get() { /* ... */ }

public void loadMore(int amount) { /* ... */ }

}
public class Tweeter {

private final TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(new OkHttpClient());

private final String user;



public Tweeter(String user) {

this.user = user;

}



public void tweet(String tweet) {

api.postTweet(user, tweet);

}

}
public class Tweeter {

private final TwitterApi api;

private final String user;



public Tweeter(TwitterApi api, String user) {

this.api = api;

this.user = user;

}



public void tweet(String tweet) {

api.postTweet(user, tweet);

}

}
public class Tweeter {

private final TwitterApi api;

private final String user;



public Tweeter(TwitterApi api, String user) {

this.api = api;

this.user = user;

}



public void tweet(String tweet) {

api.postTweet(user, tweet);

}

}
Tweeter tweeter = new Tweeter("JakeWharton");

tweeter.tweet("Hello, #Devoxx 2014!");



Timeline timeline = new Timeline("JakeWharton");

timeline.loadMore(20);

for (Tweet tweet : timeline.get()) {

System.out.println(tweet);

}
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(client);

String user = "Jake Wharton";



Tweeter tweeter = new Tweeter(api, user);

tweeter.tweet("Hello, #Devoxx 2014!");



Timeline timeline = new Timeline(api, user);

timeline.loadMore(20);

for (Tweet tweet : timeline.get()) {

System.out.println(tweet);

}
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

TwitterApi api = new TwitterApi(client);

String user = "Jake Wharton";



Tweeter tweeter = new Tweeter(api, user);

tweeter.tweet("Hello, #Devoxx 2014!");



Timeline timeline = new Timeline(api, user);

timeline.loadMore(20);

for (Tweet tweet : timeline.get()) {

System.out.println(tweet);

}
Dependency Injection
• First and foremost a pattern

• Every single app has some form of dependency injection

Tweeter Twitter API HTTP Client

Dependency Injection
• First and foremost a pattern

• Every single app has some form of dependency injection

Tweeter

Twitter API HTTP Client

Tweeter
Dependency Injection
• How do we avoid the boilerplate that comes with the pattern?

Tweeter

Twitter API HTTP Client

Tweeter
Library Rescue
• Spring • Others…

• Guice

• Dagger (v1)

• PicoContainer

• CDI
Guice Dagger
(v1)
Guice
Guice
• Developed at Google by Bob Lee, later Jesse Wilson, others.
Guice
• Developed at Google by Bob Lee, later Jesse Wilson, others.

• Adopted and maintained by Java Core Libraries team.

Guice
• Developed at Google by Bob Lee, later Jesse Wilson, others.

• Adopted and maintained by Java Core Libraries team.

• Powerful, dynamic, well-tested, wide-spread, etc…

Guice
• Developed at Google by Bob Lee, later Jesse Wilson, others.

• Adopted and maintained by Java Core Libraries team.

• Powerful, dynamic, well-tested, wide-spread, etc…

• Configuration problems occur at runtime.

Guice
• Developed at Google by Bob Lee, later Jesse Wilson, others.

• Adopted and maintained by Java Core Libraries team.

• Powerful, dynamic, well-tested, wide-spread, etc…

• Configuration problems occur at runtime.

• Slow initialization, slow injection, memory concerns.

Dagger (v1)
Dagger (v1)
• Developed at Square by Jesse Wilson advised by Bob Lee.
Dagger (v1)
• Developed at Square by Jesse Wilson advised by Bob Lee.

• Initially targeted at highly resource constrained environments.

Dagger (v1)
• Developed at Square by Jesse Wilson advised by Bob Lee.

• Initially targeted at highly resource constrained environments.

• Static analysis of all dependencies and injection points.

Dagger (v1)
• Developed at Square by Jesse Wilson advised by Bob Lee.

• Initially targeted at highly resource constrained environments.

• Static analysis of all dependencies and injection points.

• Fail as early as possible (compile-time, not runtime)

Dagger (v1)
• Developed at Square by Jesse Wilson advised by Bob Lee.

• Initially targeted at highly resource constrained environments.

• Static analysis of all dependencies and injection points.

• Fail as early as possible (compile-time, not runtime)

• Eliminate reflection on methods, fields, and annotations.

Dagger (v1)
Dagger (v1)
• Wide-spread, successful use in large Android applications.
Dagger (v1)
• Wide-spread, successful use in large Android applications.

• Triggers over-eager class loading on graph creation.

Dagger (v1)
• Wide-spread, successful use in large Android applications.

• Triggers over-eager class loading on graph creation.

• FQCN string-based keys in map-like data structure.

Dagger (v1)
• Wide-spread, successful use in large Android applications.

• Triggers over-eager class loading on graph creation.

• FQCN string-based keys in map-like data structure.

• Lack of full static scope analysis and scope annotations.

Dagger (v1)
• Wide-spread, successful use in large Android applications.

• Triggers over-eager class loading on graph creation.

• FQCN string-based keys in map-like data structure.

• Lack of full static scope analysis and scope annotations.

• Still uses reflection to load generated classes.

Dagger (v2)
Dagger (v2)
• Proposed and implemented by Java Core Libraries team.
Dagger (v2)
• Proposed and implemented by Java Core Libraries team.

• Eliminate runtime library and generated code overhead.

Dagger (v2)
• Proposed and implemented by Java Core Libraries team.

• Eliminate runtime library and generated code overhead.

• Shift remaining runtime analysis to compile time.

Dagger (v2)
• Proposed and implemented by Java Core Libraries team.

• Eliminate runtime library and generated code overhead.

• Shift remaining runtime analysis to compile time.

• Scoping with annotations and associated static analysis.

Dagger API
Dagger API
• @Module + @Provides: mechanism for providing dependencies.
Dagger API
• @Module + @Provides: mechanism for providing dependencies.

• @Inject: mechanism for requesting dependencies.

Dagger API
• @Module + @Provides: mechanism for providing dependencies.

• @Inject: mechanism for requesting dependencies.

• @Component: bridge between modules and injections

Dagger API
• @Module + @Provides: mechanism for providing dependencies.

• @Inject: mechanism for requesting dependencies.

• @Component: bridge between modules and injections

• Plus some other sugar, magic, and conventions.

Providing Dependencies
Providing Dependencies
• Modules are classes whose methods provide dependencies.
Providing Dependencies
• Modules are classes whose methods provide dependencies.

• @Module on the class.

Providing Dependencies
• Modules are classes whose methods provide dependencies.

• @Module on the class.

• @Provides (and friends) on each method.



public class NetworkModule {



OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {

return new OkHttpClient();

}





TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

return new TwitterApi(client);

}

}
@Module


public class NetworkModule {



OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {

return new OkHttpClient();

}





TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

return new TwitterApi(client);

}

}
!@Module


!public class NetworkModule {

!
 @Provides
! OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {

! return new OkHttpClient();

! }

!


 @Provides
TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

return new TwitterApi(client);

}

}
!@Module


!public class NetworkModule {

!
 @Provides @Singleton
! OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {

! return new OkHttpClient();

! }

!


 @Provides @Singleton
TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

return new TwitterApi(client);

}

}
Providing Dependencies
Providing Dependencies
NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {


return new TwitterApi(client);

}
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi
Providing Dependencies
• Modules are classes whose methods provide dependencies.

• @Module on the class.

• @Provides (and friends) on each method.

Providing Dependencies
• Modules are classes whose methods provide dependencies.
!

• @Module on the class.

!

• @Provides (and friends) on each method.

!

• Designed to be partitioned and composed together.



public class TwitterModule {































}

@Module
public class TwitterModule {































}

@Module

public class TwitterModule {


 private final String user;




 public TwitterModule(String user) {


 this.user = user;


 }




















}

@Module

public class TwitterModule {


 private final String user;




 public TwitterModule(String user) {


 this.user = user;


 }



 @Provides @Singleton


 Tweeter provideTweeter(TwitterApi api) {


 return new Tweeter(api, user);


 }










}

@Module

public class TwitterModule {


 private final String user;




 public TwitterModule(String user) {


 this.user = user;


 }



 @Provides @Singleton


 Tweeter provideTweeter(TwitterApi api) {


 return new Tweeter(api, user);


 }



 @Provides @Singleton


 Timeline provideTimeline(TwitterApi api) {


 return new Timeline(api, user);


 }
}
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

TwitterModule#provideTweeter

TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Providing Dependencies
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
Requesting Dependencies
Requesting Dependencies
• @Inject annotation required.
Requesting Dependencies
• @Inject annotation required.

• Constructor, field, and method injection.

Constructor Injection
Constructor Injection
• @Inject on a single constructor.
Constructor Injection
• @Inject on a single constructor.

• Constructor parameters are dependencies.

Constructor Injection
• @Inject on a single constructor.

• Constructor parameters are dependencies.

• Dependencies can be stored in private and final fields.

public class TwitterApplication {

private final Tweeter tweeter;

private final Timeline timeline;



@Inject

public TwitterApplication(Tweeter tweeter, Timeline timeline) {

this.tweeter = tweeter;

this.timeline = timeline;

}



// ...

}
Constructor Injection
• @Inject on a single constructor.

• Constructor parameters are dependencies.

• Dependencies can be stored in private and final fields.

Constructor Injection
• @Inject on a single constructor.

• Constructor parameters are dependencies.

• Dependencies can be stored in private and final fields.

• Implicitly made available for downstream injection.

@Module

public class NetworkModule {

@Provides @Singleton

OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {

return new OkHttpClient();

}



@Provides @Singleton

TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

return new TwitterApi(client);

}

}

@Module


 public class NetworkModule {


 @Provides @Singleton


 OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {


 return new OkHttpClient();


 }




 @Provides @Singleton


 TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {


 return new TwitterApi(client);


 }

}

public class TwitterApi {


 private final OkHttpClient client;



public TwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

this.client = client;

}



public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

Request request = // TODO build POST request ...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}
 
public class TwitterApi {


 private final OkHttpClient client;




 @Inject
public TwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

this.client = client;

}



public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

Request request = // TODO build POST request ...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}
 @Singleton
public
 class TwitterApi {


 private final OkHttpClient client;




 @Inject
public TwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

this.client = client;

}



public void postTweet(String user, String tweet) {

Request request = // TODO build POST request ...

client.newCall(request).execute();

}

}
Method Injection
Method Injection
• @Inject on methods.
Method Injection
• @Inject on methods.

• Method parameters are dependencies.

Method Injection
• @Inject on methods.

• Method parameters are dependencies.

• Injection happens after object is fully instantiated.

Method Injection
• @Inject on methods.

• Method parameters are dependencies.

• Injection happens after object is fully instantiated.

• Only one valid use case: passing ‘this’ to a dependency.

public class TwitterApplication {

private final Tweeter tweeter;

private final Timeline timeline;



@Inject

public TwitterApplication(Tweeter tweeter, Timeline timeline) {

this.tweeter = tweeter;

this.timeline = timeline;

}










}
!public class TwitterApplication {

! private final Tweeter tweeter;

! private final Timeline timeline;

!

! @Inject

! public TwitterApplication(Tweeter tweeter, Timeline timeline) {

! this.tweeter = tweeter;

! this.timeline = timeline;

! }

!


 @Inject


 public void enableStreaming(Streaming streaming) {


 streaming.register(this);

}
}
!public class TwitterApplication {

! private final Tweeter tweeter;

! private final Timeline timeline;

!

! @Inject

! public TwitterApplication(Tweeter tweeter, Timeline timeline) {

! this.tweeter = tweeter;

! this.timeline = timeline;

! }

!


 @Inject


 public void enableStreaming(Streaming streaming) {


 streaming.register(this);

}
}
Field Injection
Field Injection
• @Inject on fields for dependencies.
Field Injection
• @Inject on fields for dependencies.

• Field may not be private or final.

public class TwitterApplication {

@Inject Tweeter tweeter;

@Inject Timeline timeline;



// ...

}
public class TwitterActivity extends Activity {

@Inject Tweeter tweeter;

@Inject Timeline timeline;



// ...

}
public class TwitterProcessor extends AbstractProcessor {

@Inject Tweeter tweeter;

@Inject Timeline timeline;



// ...

}
Field Injection
• @Inject on fields for dependencies.

• Field may not be private or final.

Field Injection
• @Inject on fields for dependencies.

• Field may not be private or final.

• Injection happens after the object is fully instantiated.

Field Injection
• @Inject on fields for dependencies.

• Field may not be private or final.

• Injection happens after the object is fully instantiated.

• Object is usually responsible for or aware of injection.

Components
Components
• Bridge between modules and injection.
Components
• Bridge between modules and injection.

• The injector.

@Component
!

public interface TwitterComponent {
}
 @Component(modules = {
NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,


})
!

public interface TwitterComponent {
}
 @Singleton
@Component(modules = {
NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,


!})

public interface TwitterComponent {
}

@Singleton


@Component (modules = {

 NetworkModule.class,


 TwitterModule.class,

!})
public 
 interface TwitterComponent {

 Tweeter tweeter();


 Timeline timeline();
}
TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()

.networkModule(new NetworkModule())

.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();
!TwitterComponentcomponent = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()

! .networkModule(new NetworkModule())

! .twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

! .build();

!
Tweeter
! tweeter = component.tweeter();
Timeline timeline = component.timeline();

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()

 .networkModule(new NetworkModule())

 .twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();
!
!Tweetertweeter = component.tweeter();
Timeline timeline = component.timeline();



TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()

 .twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();
!
!Tweetertweeter = component.tweeter();
Timeline timeline = component.timeline();



TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()

 .twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))


 .build();


!
Tweeter tweeter = component.tweeter();
tweeter.tweet("Hello,
!
#Devoxx 2014!");
!
Timeline timeline = component.timeline();
timeline.loadMore(20);

for (Tweet tweet : timeline.get()) {

System.out.println(tweet);

}
public class TwitterApplication implements Runnable {

private final Tweeter tweeter;

private final Timeline timeline;



@Inject

public TwitterApplication(Tweeter tweeter, Timeline timeline) {

this.tweeter = tweeter;

this.timeline = timeline;

}



@Override public void run() {

tweeter.tweet("Hello #Devoxx 2014!");



timeline.loadMore(20);

for (Tweet tweet : timeline.get()) {

System.out.println(tweet);

}

}

}
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();

component.app().run();
public class TwitterApplication implements Runnable {

@Inject Tweeter tweeter;

@Inject Timeline timeline;



@Override public void run() {

tweeter.tweet("Hello #Devoxx 2014!");



timeline.loadMore(20);

for (Tweet tweet : timeline.get()) {

System.out.println(tweet);

}

}
}
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

void injectApp(TwitterApplication app);
}
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

void injectApp(TwitterApplication app);
}

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

void injectApp(TwitterApplication app);
}

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();

TwitterApplication app = new TwitterApplication();


component.injectApp(app);

app.run();
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

void injectActivity(TwitterActivity activity);
}

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();

TwitterActivity activity = // Android creates instance...


component.injectActivity(activity);
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

void injectActivity(TwitterActivity activity);
}

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();

TwitterActivity activity = // Android creates instance...


component.injectActivity(activity);
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

void injectProcessor(TwitterProcessor processor);
}

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();

TwitterProcessor processor = // ServiceLoader creates instance...


component.injectProcessor(processor);
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

void injectProcessor(TwitterProcessor processor);
}

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();

TwitterProcessor processor = // ServiceLoader creates instance...


component.injectProcessor(processor);
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication injectApp(TwitterApplication app);
}

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();

TwitterApplication app = new TwitterApplication();


component.injectApp(app).run();
@Singleton
@Component(modules = {

NetworkModule.class,

TwitterModule.class,

})

interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication injectApp(TwitterApplication app);
}

TwitterComponent component = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("JakeWharton"))

.build();

TwitterApplication app = new TwitterApplication();


component.injectApp(app).run();
Components
• Bridge between modules and injection.

• The injector.
Components
• Bridge between modules and injection.

• The injector.

• Implementation of scopes.

@Singleton


 @Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)


public interface ApiComponent {
}

@Singleton


 @Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)


public interface ApiComponent {
}


@Component(
modules = TwitterModule.class

)

public interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}

@Singleton


 @Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)


public interface ApiComponent {
}


@Component(

 dependencies = ApiComponent.class,
modules = TwitterModule.class

)

public interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}

@Singleton


@Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)


public interface ApiComponent {

 TwitterApi api();

}


@Component(

 dependencies = ApiComponent.class,
modules = TwitterModule.class

)

public interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}
@Singleton

@Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)

public interface ApiComponent {
TwitterApi api();
}

@Singleton
@Component(

dependencies = ApiComponent.class,
modules = TwitterModule.class

)

public interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}
@Singleton

@Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)

public interface ApiComponent {
TwitterApi api();
}

@Singleton
@Component(

dependencies = ApiComponent.class,
modules = TwitterModule.class

)

public interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}
@Singleton

@Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)

public interface ApiComponent {
TwitterApi api();
}

@Component(

dependencies = ApiComponent.class,
modules = TwitterModule.class

)

public interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}
@Module

public class TwitterModule {

private final String user;



public TwitterModule(String user) {

this.user = user;

}



@Provides @Singleton

Tweeter provideTweeter(TwitterApi api) {

return new Tweeter(api, user);

}



@Provides @Singleton

Timeline provideTimeline(TwitterApi api) {

return new Timeline(api, user);

}

}
@Module

public class TwitterModule {

private final String user;



public TwitterModule(String user) {

this.user = user;

}



@Provides @Singleton

Tweeter provideTweeter(TwitterApi api) {

return new Tweeter(api, user);

}



@Provides @Singleton

Timeline provideTimeline(TwitterApi api) {

return new Timeline(api, user);

}

}
@Module

public class TwitterModule {

private final String user;



public TwitterModule(String user) {

this.user = user;

}



@Provides

Tweeter provideTweeter(TwitterApi api) {

return new Tweeter(api, user);

}



@Provides

Timeline provideTimeline(TwitterApi api) {

return new Timeline(api, user);

}

}
ApiComponent apiComponent = Dagger_ApiComponent.builder().build();
ApiComponent apiComponent = Dagger_ApiComponent.create();
ApiComponent apiComponent = Dagger_ApiComponent.create();
ApiComponent apiComponent = Dagger_ApiComponent.create();

TwitterComponent twitterComponent = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.apiComponent(apiComponent)

.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("Jake Wharton"))

.build();
ApiComponent apiComponent = Dagger_ApiComponent.create();

TwitterComponent twitterComponent = Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()


.apiComponent(apiComponent)

.twitterModule(new TwitterModule("Jake Wharton"))

.build();

component.app().run();
Scope Annotations
Scope Annotations
• Only create a single instance.
Scope Annotations
• Only create a single instance.

• @Singleton is the “largest” scope.

Scope Annotations
• Only create a single instance.

• @Singleton is the “largest” scope.

• Custom annotations for semantic clarity, shorter lifetime.

Scope Annotations
• Only create a single instance.

• @Singleton is the “largest” scope.

• Custom annotations for semantic clarity, shorter lifetime.

public @interface User {


}
Scope Annotations
• Only create a single instance.

• @Singleton is the “largest” scope.

• Custom annotations for semantic clarity, shorter lifetime.

@Scope
public @interface User {

}
@Module

public class TwitterModule {

private final String user;



public TwitterModule(String user) {

this.user = user;

}



@Provides

Tweeter provideTweeter(TwitterApi api) {

return new Tweeter(api, user);

}



@Provides

Timeline provideTimeline(TwitterApi api) {

return new Timeline(api, user);

}

}
@Module

public class TwitterModule {

private final String user;



public TwitterModule(String user) {

this.user = user;

}



@Provides @User

@Provides

Tweeter provideTweeter(TwitterApi api) {

return new Tweeter(api, user);

}



@Provides @User

@Provides

Timeline provideTimeline(TwitterApi api) {

return new Timeline(api, user);

}

}
@Component(

dependencies = ApiComponent.class,
modules = TwitterModule.class

)

public interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}
@User
@Component(

dependencies = ApiComponent.class,
modules = TwitterModule.class

)

public interface TwitterComponent {

TwitterApplication app();

}
NetworkModule

OkHttpClient

TwitterApi
ApiComponent

NetworkModule

OkHttpClient

TwitterApi
 ApiComponent

NetworkModule

OkHttpClient

TwitterApi
 ApiComponent

NetworkModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi

TwitterApi
 ApiComponent

NetworkModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi

TwitterApi
 ApiComponent

NetworkModule TwitterModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi Tweeter

TwitterApi Timeline
 TwitterComponent

ApiComponent

NetworkModule TwitterModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi Tweeter

TwitterApi Timeline
 TwitterComponent

ApiComponent

NetworkModule TwitterModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi Tweeter

TwitterApi Timeline
 TwitterComponent

ApiComponent

NetworkModule TwitterModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi Tweeter TwitterApp

TwitterApi Timeline
 TwitterComponent

ApiComponent

NetworkModule TwitterModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi Tweeter TwitterApp

TwitterApi Timeline
 TwitterComponent

ApiComponent

NetworkModule TwitterModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi Tweeter TwitterApp

TwitterApi Timeline
 ApiComponent

NetworkModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi

TwitterApi
 TwitterComponent

ApiComponent

NetworkModule TwitterModule

OkHttpClient TwitterApi Tweeter TwitterApp

TwitterApi Timeline
Under The Hood
Under The Hood
OkHttpClient NetworkModule#provideOkHttpClient

TwitterApi NetworkModule#provideTwitterApi

Tweeter TwitterModule#provideTweeter

Timeline TwitterModule#provideTimeline
@Module

public class NetworkModule {

@Provides @Singleton

OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {

return new OkHttpClient();

}



@Provides @Singleton

TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient client) {

return new TwitterApi(client);

}

}
public class NetworkModule {

OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {}
TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient) {}

}

public final class NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory

implements Factory<OkHttpClient> {


private final NetworkModule module;



public NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(NetworkModule module) { 

this.module = module;

}



@Override

public OkHttpClient get() { 

return module.provideOkHttpClient();

}

}
public class NetworkModule {

OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {}
TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient) {}

}

public final class NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory

implements Factory<OkHttpClient> {


private final NetworkModule module;



public NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(NetworkModule module) { 

this.module = module;

}



@Override

public OkHttpClient get() { 

return module.provideOkHttpClient();

}

}
public class NetworkModule {

OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {}
TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient) {}

}

public final class NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory

implements Factory<OkHttpClient> {


private final NetworkModule module;



public NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(NetworkModule module) { 

this.module = module;

}



@Override

public OkHttpClient get() { 

return module.provideOkHttpClient();

}

}
public class NetworkModule {

OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {}
TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient) {}

}

public final class NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory

implements Factory<OkHttpClient> {


private final NetworkModule module;



public NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(NetworkModule module) {

this.module = module;

}



@Override

public OkHttpClient get() { 

return module.provideOkHttpClient();

}

}
 public final class NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory {

public class NetworkModule {

public OkHttpClient get() { 

OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {}
return module.provideOkHttpClient();

TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient) {}

}

}
}

public final class NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory

implements Factory<TwitterApi> {


private final NetworkModule module;

private final Provider<OkHttpClient> clientProvider;



public NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory(
NetworkModule module, Provider<OkHttpClient> clientProvider) {

this.module = module;

this.clientProvider = clientProvider;

}



@Override

public TwitterApi get() {

return module.provideTwitterApi(clientProvider.get());

}

}
 public final class NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory {

public class NetworkModule {

public OkHttpClient get() { 

OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {}
return module.provideOkHttpClient();

TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient) {}

}

}
}

public final class NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory

implements Factory<TwitterApi> {


private final NetworkModule module;

private final Provider<OkHttpClient> clientProvider;



public NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory(
NetworkModule module, Provider<OkHttpClient> clientProvider) {

this.module = module;

this.clientProvider = clientProvider;

}



@Override

public TwitterApi get() {

return module.provideTwitterApi(clientProvider.get());

}

}
 public final class NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory {

public class NetworkModule {

public OkHttpClient get() { 

OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {}
return module.provideOkHttpClient();

TwitterApi provideTwitterApi(OkHttpClient) {}

}

}
}

public final class NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory

implements Factory<TwitterApi> {


private final NetworkModule module;

private final Provider<OkHttpClient> clientProvider;



public NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory(
NetworkModule module, Provider<OkHttpClient> clientProvider) {

this.module = module;

this.clientProvider = clientProvider;

}



@Override

public TwitterApi get() {

return module.provideTwitterApi(clientProvider.get());

}

}
@Singleton

@Component(modules = NetworkModule.class)

interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}
interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}

public final class Dagger_ApiComponent implements ApiComponent {


// ...


public static final class Builder {

private NetworkModule networkModule;



public ApiComponent build() {

if (networkModule == null) networkModule = new NetworkModule();

return new Dagger_ApiComponent(this);

}



public Builder networkModule(NetworkModule networkModule) {

if (networkModule == null) throw new NullPointerException();

this.networkModule = networkModule;

return this;

}

}

}
interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}

public final class Dagger_ApiComponent implements ApiComponent {


// ...


public static final class Builder {

private NetworkModule networkModule;



public ApiComponent build() {

if (networkModule == null) networkModule = new NetworkModule();

return new Dagger_ApiComponent(this);

}



public Builder networkModule(NetworkModule networkModule) {

if (networkModule == null) throw new NullPointerException();

this.networkModule = networkModule;

return this;

}

}

}
interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}

public final class Dagger_ApiComponent implements ApiComponent {
































}
interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}

public final class Dagger_ApiComponent implements ApiComponent {


private Provider<OkHttpClient> provideOkHttpClientProvider;

private Provider<TwitterApi> provideTwitterApiProvider;



private Dagger_ApiComponent(Builder builder) {

NetworkModule networkModule = builder.networkModule;

provideOkHttpClientProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(networkModule));

provideTwitterApiProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory(networkModule,
provideOkHttpClientProvider));

}



@Override

public TwitterApi api() {

return provideTwitterApiProvider.get();

}
interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}

public final class Dagger_ApiComponent implements ApiComponent {


private Provider<OkHttpClient> provideOkHttpClientProvider;

private Provider<TwitterApi> provideTwitterApiProvider;



private Dagger_ApiComponent(Builder builder) {

NetworkModule networkModule = builder.networkModule;

provideOkHttpClientProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(networkModule));

provideTwitterApiProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory(networkModule,
provideOkHttpClientProvider));

}



@Override

public TwitterApi api() {

return provideTwitterApiProvider.get();

}
interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}

public final class Dagger_ApiComponent implements ApiComponent {


private Provider<OkHttpClient> provideOkHttpClientProvider;

private Provider<TwitterApi> provideTwitterApiProvider;



private Dagger_ApiComponent(Builder builder) {

NetworkModule networkModule = builder.networkModule;

provideOkHttpClientProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(networkModule));

provideTwitterApiProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory(networkModule,
provideOkHttpClientProvider));

}



@Override

public TwitterApi api() {

return provideTwitterApiProvider.get();

}
interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}

public final class Dagger_ApiComponent implements ApiComponent {


private Provider<OkHttpClient> provideOkHttpClientProvider;

private Provider<TwitterApi> provideTwitterApiProvider;



private Dagger_ApiComponent(Builder builder) {

NetworkModule networkModule = builder.networkModule;

provideOkHttpClientProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(networkModule));

provideTwitterApiProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory(networkModule,
provideOkHttpClientProvider));

}



@Override

public TwitterApi api() {

return provideTwitterApiProvider.get();

}
interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}

public final class Dagger_ApiComponent implements ApiComponent {


private Provider<OkHttpClient> provideOkHttpClientProvider;

private Provider<TwitterApi> provideTwitterApiProvider;



private Dagger_ApiComponent(Builder builder) {

NetworkModule networkModule = builder.networkModule;

provideOkHttpClientProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(networkModule));

provideTwitterApiProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory(networkModule,
provideOkHttpClientProvider));

}



@Override

public TwitterApi api() {

return provideTwitterApiProvider.get();

}
interface ApiComponent {

TwitterApi api();

}

public final class Dagger_ApiComponent implements ApiComponent {


private Provider<OkHttpClient> provideOkHttpClientProvider;

private Provider<TwitterApi> provideTwitterApiProvider;



private Dagger_ApiComponent(Builder builder) {

NetworkModule networkModule = builder.networkModule;

provideOkHttpClientProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory(networkModule));

provideTwitterApiProvider = ScopedProvider.create(
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory(networkModule,
provideOkHttpClientProvider));

}



@Override

public TwitterApi api() {

return provideTwitterApiProvider.get();

}
@Module
 @Component(

public class TwitterModule {
 dependencies = ApiComponent.class,

private final String user;
 modules = TwitterModule.class


 )

public TwitterModule(String user) {
 interface TwitterComponent {

this.user = user;
 TwitterApplication app();

}
 }


@Provides

Tweeter provideTweeter(TwitterApi api) {

return new Tweeter(api, user);

}



@Provides

Timeline provideTimeline(TwitterApi api) {

return new Timeline(api, user);

}

}
public final class TwitterModule_ProvideTweeterFactory
implements Factory<Tweeter> {


private final TwitterModule module;

private final Provider<TwitterApi> apiProvider;



public TwitterModule_ProvideTweeterFactory(
TwitterModule module, Provider<TwitterApi> apiProvider) {

this.module = module;

this.apiProvider = apiProvider;

}



@Override

public Tweeter get() {

return module.provideTweeter(apiProvider.get());

}

}
public final class TwitterModule_ProvideTimelineFactory
implements Factory<Timeline> {


private final TwitterModule module;

private final Provider<TwitterApi> apiProvider;



public TwitterModule_ProvideTimelineFactory(
TwitterModule module, Provider<TwitterApi> apiProvider) {

this.module = module;

this.apiProvider = apiProvider;

}



@Override

public Timeline get() {

return module.provideTimeline(apiProvider.get());

}

}
public final class TwitterApplication_Factory
implements Factory<TwitterApplication> {


private final Provider<Tweeter> tweeterProvider;

private final Provider<Timeline> timelineProvider;



public TwitterApplication_Factory(
Provider<Tweeter> tweeterProvider,
Provider<Timeline> timelineProvider) {

this.tweeterProvider = tweeterProvider;

this.timelineProvider = timelineProvider;

}



@Override

public TwitterApplication get() {

return new TwitterApplication(tweeterProvider.get(),
timelineProvider.get());

}

}
public static final class Builder {

private TwitterModule twitterModule;

private ApiComponent apiComponent;



public TwitterComponent build() {

if (twitterModule == null) throw new IllegalStateException("...");

if (apiComponent == null) throw new IllegalStateException("...");

return new Dagger_TwitterComponent(this);

}



public Builder twitterModule(TwitterModule twitterModule) {

if (twitterModule == null) throw new NullPointerException("twitterModule");

this.twitterModule = twitterModule;

return this;

}



public Builder apiComponent(ApiComponent apiComponent) {

if (apiComponent == null) throw new NullPointerException("apiComponent");

this.apiComponent = apiComponent;

return this;

}

}
public static final class Builder {

private TwitterModule twitterModule;

private ApiComponent apiComponent;



public TwitterComponent build() {

if (twitterModule == null) throw new IllegalStateException("...");

if (apiComponent == null) throw new IllegalStateException("...");

return new Dagger_TwitterComponent(this);

}



public Builder twitterModule(TwitterModule twitterModule) {

if (twitterModule == null) throw new NullPointerException("twitterModule");

this.twitterModule = twitterModule;

return this;

}



public Builder apiComponent(ApiComponent apiComponent) {

if (apiComponent == null) throw new NullPointerException("apiComponent");

this.apiComponent = apiComponent;

return this;

}

}
public static final class Builder {

private TwitterModule twitterModule;

private ApiComponent apiComponent;



public TwitterComponent build() {

if (twitterModule == null) throw new IllegalStateException("...");

if (apiComponent == null) throw new IllegalStateException("...");

return new Dagger_TwitterComponent(this);

}



public Builder twitterModule(TwitterModule twitterModule) {

if (twitterModule == null) throw new NullPointerException("twitterModule");

this.twitterModule = twitterModule;

return this;

}



public Builder apiComponent(ApiComponent apiComponent) {

if (apiComponent == null) throw new NullPointerException("apiComponent");

this.apiComponent = apiComponent;

return this;

}

}
public final class Dagger_TwitterComponent implements TwitterComponent {

// ...



private Dagger_TwitterComponent(Builder builder) {

twitterModule = builder.twitterModule;

apiComponent = builder.apiComponent;



apiProvider = new Factory<TwitterApi>() {

@Override public TwitterApi get() {

return apiComponent.api();

}

};



provideTweeterProvider =
new TwitterModule_ProvideTweeterFactory(twitterModule, apiProvider);

provideTimelineProvider =
new TwitterModule_ProvideTimelineFactory(twitterModule, apiProvider);

twitterApplicationProvider = new TwitterApplication_Factory(
provideTweeterProvider, provideTimelineProvider);

}
public final class Dagger_TwitterComponent implements TwitterComponent {

// ...



private Dagger_TwitterComponent(Builder builder) {

twitterModule = builder.twitterModule;

apiComponent = builder.apiComponent;



apiProvider = new Factory<TwitterApi>() {

@Override public TwitterApi get() {

return apiComponent.api();

}

};



provideTweeterProvider =
new TwitterModule_ProvideTweeterFactory(twitterModule, apiProvider);

provideTimelineProvider =
new TwitterModule_ProvideTimelineFactory(twitterModule, apiProvider);

twitterApplicationProvider = new TwitterApplication_Factory(
provideTweeterProvider, provideTimelineProvider);

}
Dagger_ApiComponent.create()
Dagger_ApiComponent.create()
new NetworkModule
Dagger_ApiComponent.create()
new NetworkModule
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory
Dagger_ApiComponent.create()
new NetworkModule
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory

new TwitterModule("Jake Wharton")

Dagger_ApiComponent.create()
new NetworkModule
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory

new TwitterModule("Jake Wharton")

Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()...build()
Dagger_ApiComponent.create()
new NetworkModule
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory

new TwitterModule("Jake Wharton")

Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()...build()
new Factory<TwitterApi>
Dagger_ApiComponent.create()
new NetworkModule
new NetworkModule_ProvideOkHttpClientFactory
new NetworkModule_ProvideTwitterApiFactory

new TwitterModule("Jake Wharton")

Dagger_TwitterComponent.builder()...build()
new Factory<TwitterApi>
new TwitterModule_ProvideTweeterFactory
new TwitterModule_ProvideTimelineFactory
new TwitterApplication_Factory
twitterComponent.app()
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient()
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
networkModule.provideTwitterApi(..)
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
networkModule.provideTwitterApi(..) new TwitterApi(..)
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
networkModule.provideTwitterApi(..) new TwitterApi(..)
twitterModule.provideTweeter(..)
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
networkModule.provideTwitterApi(..) new TwitterApi(..)
twitterModule.provideTweeter(..) new Tweeter(..)
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
networkModule.provideTwitterApi(..) new TwitterApi(..)
twitterModule.provideTweeter(..) new Tweeter(..)
timelineProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
networkModule.provideTwitterApi(..) new TwitterApi(..)
twitterModule.provideTweeter(..) new Tweeter(..)
timelineProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
networkModule.provideTwitterApi(..) new TwitterApi(..)
twitterModule.provideTweeter(..) new Tweeter(..)
timelineProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
twitterModule.provideTimeline(..)
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
networkModule.provideTwitterApi(..) new TwitterApi(..)
twitterModule.provideTweeter(..) new Tweeter(..)
timelineProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
twitterModule.provideTimeline(..) new Timeline(..)
twitterComponent.app()
twitterApplicationProvider.get()
tweeterProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
clientProvider.get()
networkModule.provideOkHttpClient() new OkHttpClient()
networkModule.provideTwitterApi(..) new TwitterApi(..)
twitterModule.provideTweeter(..) new Tweeter(..)
timelineProvider.get()
apiProvider.get()
apiComponent.api()
provideTwitterApiProvider.get()
twitterModule.provideTimeline(..) new Timeline(..)
new TwitterApplication(..)
Annotation Processing
Annotation Processing
bit.ly/apt-bd
JSR 330
 public @interface Inject {}

public @interface Named {


String value();

}

public interface Provider<T> {


JSR 330 }
T get();


public @interface Qualifier {}

public @interface Scope {}

public @interface Singleton {}

Dagger 1
 public abstract class ObjectGraph {

public static ObjectGraph create(Object... modules) {}

public abstract ObjectGraph plus(Object... modules);

public abstract void validate();

public abstract void injectStatics();

public abstract <T> T get(Class<T> type);

public abstract <T> T inject(T instance);

}

public @interface Module {


Class<?>[] injects() default { };

Class<?>[] staticInjections() default { };

Class<?>[] includes() default { };

Class<?> addsTo() default Void.class;


Dagger 1
boolean overrides() default false;

boolean complete() default true;

boolean library() default true;

}

public @interface Provides {


enum Type { UNIQUE, SET }

Type type() default Type.UNIQUE;

}

public interface Lazy<T> {


T get();

}

public interface MembersInjector<T> {


void injectMembers(T instance);

}
 public abstract class ObjectGraph {

public static ObjectGraph create(Object... modules) {}

public abstract ObjectGraph plus(Object... modules);

public abstract void validate();

public abstract void injectStatics();

public abstract <T> T get(Class<T> type);

public abstract <T> T inject(T instance);

}

public @interface Module {


Class<?>[] injects() default { };

Class<?>[] staticInjections() default { };

Class<?>[] includes() default { };

Class<?> addsTo() default Void.class;


Dagger 1
boolean overrides() default false;

boolean complete() default true;

boolean library() default true;

}

public @interface Provides {


enum Type { UNIQUE, SET }

Type type() default Type.UNIQUE;

}

public interface Lazy<T> {


T get();

}

public interface MembersInjector<T> {


void injectMembers(T instance);

}
Dagger 2
 public @interface Component {

Class<?>[] modules() default {};

Class<?>[] dependencies() default {};

}

public @interface Module {


Class<?>[] includes() default { };

}

Dagger 2 public @interface Provides {


}

public @interface MapKey {


boolean unwrapValue();

}

public interface Lazy<T> {


T get();

}
 public @interface Component {

Class<?>[] modules() default {};

Class<?>[] dependencies() default {};

}

public @interface Module {


Class<?>[] includes() default { };

}

Dagger 2 public @interface Provides {


}

public @interface MapKey {


boolean unwrapValue();

}

public interface Lazy<T> {


T get();

}
More Concepts
More Concepts
• Set and map bindings.
More Concepts
• Set and map bindings.

• Asynchronous producers.
More Concepts
• Set and map bindings.

• Asynchronous producers.

• Testing and module overrides.

More Concepts
• Set and map bindings.

• Asynchronous producers.

• Testing and module overrides.

• AutoFactory for assisted injection.

github.com/google/dagger
Questions?
Questions?
twitter.com/ jakewharton
google.com/+ jakewharton
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