GUIDING AND CONTROLLING OF FISHERMAN BOAT

BY USING LABVIEW

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
PRAVEENRAJA K.S (Reg.No:811716105057)
PUTHUMAI NATHAN V (Reg.No:811716105063)
PUHAZHENTHI V (Reg.No:811716105062)
SANTHOSH KUMAR R (Reg.No:811716105074)
YOGESHWAR M (Reg.No:811716105105)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

K.RAMAKRISHNAN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025

APRIL 2020

i
 ANNA UNIVERSITY::CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “GUIDING AND CONTROLLING OF
FISHERMAN BOAT BY USING LABVIEW”is the bonafide work of
“PRAVEENRAJA K.S(REG.NO: 811716105057), PUTHUMAI NATHAN V
(REG.NO: 811716105063), PUHAZENTHI V(81176105062), SANTHOSH
KUMAR R(REG.NO: 811716105074) ,YOGESHWAR M(REG.NO:
811716105105)” who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr .A. RAJ KUMAR M.E., Ph.D Mr.R.RAMKUMAR. M.E.,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Electrical and Electronics Engineering ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Samayapuram, Trichy-621112. K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology,
Samayapuram, Trichy-621112.

Submitted for viva-voce held on ________________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ii
 DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the work entitled “GUIDING AND
CONTROLLING OF FISHERMAN BOAT BY USING LABVIEW” is
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree
in Bachelor of Engineering, Anna University Chennai, is a record of our
own work carried out by us during the academic year 2017-2018 under the
supervision and guidance of Dr.A.RAJ KUMAR M.E.,Ph.D, HEAD OF
THE DEPARTMENT and Mr.R.RAM KUMAR M.E., ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, K.RAMAKRISHNAN COLLEGE OF
TECHNOLOGY. The extent and source information are derived from the existing
literature and have been indicated through the dissertation at the appropriate
places. The matter embodied in this work is original and has not been submitted for
the award of any other degree or diploma, either in this or any other university.
PRAVEENRAJA K.S(REG.NO: 811716105057), PUTHUMAI NATHAN V
(REG.NO: 811716105063), PUHAZENTHI V(81176105062), SANTHOSH
KUMAR R(REG.NO: 811716105074) ,YOGESHWAR M(REG.NO:
811716105105) I certify that the declaration made above by the candidate is true.

MR. R. RAM KUMAR ,M.E.,

Assistant professor,
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, we would like to thank the Lord Almighty for his
abundant blessingsand fabulous love which he bestowed upon us throughout our
carrier days.
With immense pleasure, we take this opportunity to express our gratitude to our
beloved chairman Dr.K.RAMAKRISHNAN who is enriching keen interest in
academic pursuits.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to our beloved Director
Dr.S.KUPPUSAMY for forwarding us to do our project and offering adequate
duration in completing our project.
We convey our sincere thanks to our Honorable Principal
Dr.S.MURUGANANDAM for his kind encouragement and motivation to
complete this project successfully.
We are very much thankful to Dr.A.RAJ KUMAR Head of The Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering for giving us constant inspiration and
suggestion throughout the project.
We wish to place to record the gratitude to our internal guide Mr.R.RAM
KUMARAssistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering for his guidance and moral support.
The love and support of our parents has been invaluable. They have been
supportive in every way. We owe our thanks to our friends who have been always
there during the times of stress often encountered.

iv
ABSTRACT:

In this modern, fast moving and insecure world, it is become a basic

necessity to be aware of one’s safety. Maximum risks occur for fishermen in
situations where they travel on a boat for fishing. In some situations they should
not move after some point and they should not enter into other countries area.
There is a real necessity in designing a system that can track the vehicle and send
the information about the vehicle to the concerned person and alert the fishermen
also. This project built to provide the GPS locations to the fisher men who are
facing risks during sail, Maximum risks occur for fishermen in situations where
they travel on a boat for fishing.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT V
LIST OF FIGURES VIII
LIST OF TABLES IX
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS X
1 INTRODUCTION
12 LITERATURE REVIEW
3
3 EXISTING SYSTEM 8
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 9
3.2 DRAWBACKS EXISTING SYSTEM 10

4 PROPOSED SYSTEM 11
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 13
4.2 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 14
5 HARDWARE INTRPRETATION 15
5.1 BATTERY CELL 15
5.2 LEAD ACID BATTERY 16
5.3 MATRIX KEYPAD 14
5.3.1 CONSTRUCTION 14
5.4 RAIN SENSOR 15
5.5 WIND SENSOR 29

5.6 PIC 16877A 33

5.6.1 PIN DESCRIPTION 35

vi
5.7 RF TRANSCEIVER 42
5.7.1 CONFIGURATION 43
5.7.2 DEFINITION OF PINS 43
5.8 GPS
46
5.9 DC MOTOR
48
5.10 LCD DISPLAY
52
6 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 55
7 APPLICATION 56
7.1 ADVANTAGES 56
8 RES 57
9 CONCLUSION 57
10 REFERENCE 57

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF EXISTING SYSTEM 9

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 13
5.1 LEAD ACID 15
5. CONSTRUCTION OF KEY PAD 17
2 IIC PIN
5.3 PIN DESCRIPTION 18
5.4 ARCHITECTURE OF PIN 22
5.5 CONNECTION of keypad 23
5.7
GPS 29
5.8 RAIN SENSOR 30
5.9 PIN DIAGRAM OF PIC 31
5.10 DIAGRAM OF LCD DISPLAY 34
5.11
5.12 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF LCD INTERFACING 36
WITH CONTROLLER
6.1 SOLINODEL VALVE 38
6.2 GSM 38

viii
 LIST OF TABLE

S.NO CONTENT PAGE NO

5.6 CORE FEATURES OF PIC16877A 26

5.12 PIN DESCRIPTION OF IOT MODULE 33
5.14 PIN DESCRIPTION OF LCD 35

ix
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS

PIN - PERSONAL INDEX NUMBER

LCD - LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

EB - ELECTRICITY BOARD

PIC – PROGRAMMABLE INTERFACE CONNTROLLER

IC – INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

IOT – INTERNET OF THINGS

x
 CHAPTER –1

INTRODUCTION
Surveillance is a key factor to ensure safety in various fields, here motivity
of fishing boats in ocean/sea are monitored for illegal intrusion in other nations
boundary. Hence an effective scheme is designed to overcome this threat with
Global positioning system (GPS) which provides dynamic location of fishing
vessel in water and microcontroller which competes on GPS and predefined
boundary locations to determine whether the boat have crossed the border or not. If
so the fisherman is alerted and the message is transmitted to nearby coast guard
ships through RF signals at VHF (30-300MHz) range which covers wide area. On
adumbrated the patrolling units can alert the fisherman from their position or if
necessary the entire movement of the fishing vessel could be controlled remotely
for trespassing. This measures fixes the cross boundary fishing problems between
nations as the fisherman s are unaware about their position in water. A sea is a
large body of saline water that may be connected with an ocean or may be a large
saline lake. Oceans, seas, islands and coastal areas form an integrated and essential
component of the Earth's ecosystem and are critical for global food security and for
sustaining economic prosperity and well-being of many national economies,
particularly in developing countries. Oceans and seas cover over 70 per cent of the
Earth's surface.

The main theme of this paper is to save the lives of poor fishermen who is
severely punishing by the other country coastal guards. This is achieved with the
help of GPS and embedded system. GPS (Global Positioning System) is
increasingly being used for a wide range of applications.

1
 CHAPTER – 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

1. HanjiangLuo, Kaishun Wu et al “Ship Detection with Wireless Sensor

Networks” – IEEE 2012.
They have presented an innovative solution for ship intrusion
detection. Equipped with three-axis accelerometer sensors, we deploy an
experimental Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) on the sea’s surface to detect ships.
Using signal processing techniques and cooperative signal processing, we can
detect any passing ships by distinguishing the ship-generated waves from the ocean
waves. We design a three-tier intrusion detection system with which we propose to
exploit spatial and temporal correlations of an intrusion to increase detection
reliability. We conduct evaluations with real data collected in our initial
experiments, and provide quantitative analysis of the detection system, such as the
successful detection ratio, detection latency, and an estimation of an intruding
vessel’s velocity

2
2. Dr.R. Azhagumurugan, Vignesh Kumar G et al “GUIDING & CONTROL
OF FISHERMEN BOAT USING GPS” – IEEE, 2017

Existing paper involves the Global Positioning Satellite System

technology for tracking the position of the boat in the form of latitude and
longitude. The received signal from the boat position is compared with the present
value time to time. As a result of the comparison, the motor of the boat is operated
in three different modes such as normal, slow and reverse. By employing this
technique, the fisherman could get enough knowledge about their position which
helps them to be in the safer zone.

3. Kishore Kumar Reddy. N.G, Ramakrishnan.G et al “Ensuring Fishermen

Safety through a Range Based System by Trizonal Localization using Low
Power RSSI” – IEEE, 2017
In this proposed system a solution is given to the problem of “Fishermen
Tracking their location in the sea”. For this the sea area is divided into three zones
namely; safe, intermediate and danger. The boat is allowed to roam anywhere
within the safety zone. If the boat reaches the intermediate zone, a buzzer alert is
given to the fisherman. If the boat reaches the danger zone, an intimation is given
to the fisherman where he is supposed to reach the intermediate zone within the
specified time. Else the engine gets stopped automatically and the control of the
boat goes to the control room The boat will be released only after inspection by the
coast guard or after the emergency help is given. The different Ranges are
identified using Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI).

3
4. K.Prabakaran, N.Raj Kumar et al “A Noval Approach Of Geofencing
AndGeotagging System Based Sea Border Identification Using Embedded
System” – IEEE, 2013.

The demand for energy is increasing as a result of the growth in both

population and industrial development. To improve the energy efficiency,
consumers need to be more aware of their energy consumption. In recent years,
utilities have started developing new electric energy meters which are known as
smart meters. A smart meter is a digital energy meter that measures the
consumption of electrical energy and provides other additional information as
compared to the traditional energy meter. The aim is to provide the consumer and
supplier an easy way to monitor the energy. Smart meters are considered a key
component of the smart grid as these will allow more interactivity between the
consumers and the provider. Smart meters will enable two-way and real-time
communication between the consumers and the provider. Considering the increase
of electricity demand in Saudi Arabia, smart meters can decrease the overall
energy consumption. This paper presents the development of a GSM and ZigBee
based smart meter. This meter can measure the energy and send the information to
the service provider, who can store this information and notify the consumer
through SMS messages or through the internet.

4
5. M Shubin Aldo, R Dinesh Kumar et al “Alert System for Fishermen
Crossing Border using Android” – IEEE, 2016
In the existing android application based system can be widely used
by people in the border to find the appropriate path to reach the destination. The
notification will be sent to the border security forces which act as the server to all
other devices that are operated by people in ships. The application will notify the
information of where the devices are being located and intimate them about the
issues that occur due to opponent forces in ships to server. This can act as an
incident management application to avoid conflicts at varying situations. This is
processed mainly for Tamil fishermen’s who are employed in the borders. The
automatic alarming system is going to be provided along with this device which
alerts in case any sort of issues. This is devised in such a way that the application
can be easily been utilized by all the people in the surroundings. The application
operates based on device tracking. This provides ease to operate even for illiterate
people.

6. B.Kamalakannan, K.Naresh et al “PROTECTING FISHERMEN’S BY

DETECTING AND WARNING THEM WHILE CROSSING SEA
BORDERS USING GSM AND RFID TECHNOLOGIES” – IEEE, 2016
This existing paper presents how the protection of innocent
fishermen’s from the shooting and arresting by the other country navy is possible.
An Embedded technology which uses GSM (Global System for Mobile), and
LPC2148 Arm microcontroller and RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) can
avoid this. There are three boundaries of borders taken. Final state boundary will
be the border between the two countries and other two borders before that comes
under the parental country circumstances.

5
 CHAPTER – 3
EXISTING SYSTEM
Presently there are few existing systems with GPS system which helps to
provide the information of current location of the boats/ships and display it in
anelectronic map [3] . GPS systems provide the current location and thereby fastest
and accurate method for mariners for navigation purpose, calculating speed, and
location determination. Hence this system leads to increased levels of efficiency
for seaways transport worldwide and position accuracy, speed and heading are
needed to ensure the boats/ships to reach the destination safely. The vessels
available with GPS system and the satellite observe the latitude and longitude of
the boat’s position. So, the mariners with the GPS equipped boat has the advantage
of navigate in the right direction and reach the destination. Navigation is not
almost impossible in ocean as it spread widely. So this system is the most
convenient to the mariners for navigation

6
 BOAT UNIT:

SERVER UNIT:

Fig 3.1 Block Diagram Of Existing System

7
3.2 DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEMS

a) Lack of awareness – There is no such system to warn the fishermen

when they are about to cross the maritime boundary. These leads to
loss in the both humans as well as their economic incomes.
b) No security system –lack of security alert from coast guard can also
be the reason for this maritime boundary crossing issue. The coastal
guards must save the fishermen when they are in danger

8
 CHAPTER 4
PROPOSED SYSTEM

Our system, mainly for fishermen are used to detect the maritime boundary
between the two countries. This mainly happens when fisherman crosses maritime
border of neighboring country as he is not aware of the limits in sea. In this
proposed method is to achieve reliable communication at sea through RF
communication. In this system, GPS module updates the dynamic locations of the
boat. The controller unit which compares the GPS location value ranges with fixed
border GPS location. If the fishing boat approaches near to the border GPS
location, the controller unit alerts the fisherman about their location in the indicator
panel, hence they can change their movement position. In some cases the
fisherman intends to cross the border for owning more sea resources, this intention
has to be restricted. Hence to avoid these activities the position of the boat can be
notified to roaming coast guards through RF transmission at VHF range.
The proposed system uses a GPS concept to receive signals from the
satellite and gives the current position of the boat. The latitude and longitude of the
maritime boundary.The particular layer level i.e. border can bepredefined and this
can be stored in microcontroller memory. The current value is compared with
predefined values and if thesevalues are same, immediately the particular operation
will be done i.e, the microcontroller gives instruction to the alarm to coastal area.It
also uses a RF transmitter to information to thebase station which monitors the
boats in the sea. Thesystem provides an indication to both fisherman and to coastal
guard.

9
 The coastal area (server unit) is powered with LabVIEW software to monitor
& instructs the boat using RF communication (HC-12). The transmitter unit is
fixed in the boat. This will continuously transmit the GPS location and the coastal
will have the receiver. The receiver will receive the signal and decodes the signal
and bring it to the original form which is fed to PC. In concept, wind sensor & rain
sensors are used to detect the weather condition in the boat unit. And these
parameters also monitored in the server. The keypad is used to sends information
to the server i.e) boat brake failure or first aid help. The LCD displays the status of
boat location as well as shows any received information from the server.

10
4.1 BLOCK OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
BOAT UNIT :

BATTERY SUPPLY
FOR ALL UNITS

Keypad RF Transmitter

Rain Sensor Indicator panel

Micro
controller
Wind Sensor PIC (16F877A) Level
Converter GPS

Driver

Driver Relay

Relay
Motor 1 Motor 2
LCD Display
SOLENOID
VALVE

SERVER UNIT: PC (LabVIEW)

RF receiver Level
Converter USB TO UART

GSM MODULE

Fig4.1 Block Diagram Of Propsed System

11
4.2 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

• The hijack of the ship by the pirates can be eradicated.

• The lost ship wrecks due to natural calamities can be identified
• By keeping the kits in the entire boats and by knowing the locations of all
the boats We can use our kit to assist the traffic.
• Accuracy determination of location
• Maintenance cost is low.

12
 CHAPTER –5

HARDWARE INTRPRETATION
5.1 BATTERY CELLS
Battery Cells are the most basic individual component of a battery. They consist of
a container in which the electrolyte and the lead plates can interact. Each lead-acid
cell fluctuates in voltage from about 2.12 Volts when full to about 1.75 volts when
empty. Note the small voltage difference between a full and an empty cell (another
advantage of lead-acid batteries over rival chemistries).

5.2 LEAD ACID BATTERY

A lead-acid battery is an electrical storage device that uses a reversible chemical
reaction to store energy. It uses a combination of lead plates or grids and an
electrolyte consisting of a diluted sulphuric acid to convert electrical energy into
potential chemical energy and back again. The electrolyte of lead-acid batteries is
hazardous to your health and may produce burns and other permanent damage if
you come into contact with it.

13
 Fig 5.1 lead acid battery

5.3 MATRIX KEYPAD

Keypads are a part of HMI or Human Machine Interface and play really important
role in a small embedded system where human interaction or human input is
needed. Matrix keypads are well known for their simple architecture and ease of
interfacing with any microcontroller.
5.3.1CONSTRUCTION
Construction of a keypad is really simple. As per the outline shown in the figure
below we have four rows and four columns. In between each overlapping row and
column line there is a key.

Fig 5.3.1 construction of keypad

14
5.4RAIN SENSOR

Rain sensor brick is designed for water detection, which can be widely used in
sensing the rainfall, water level, even the liquate leakage. The brick is mainly
comprised of three parts: An electronic brick connector, a 1 MΩ resistor, and
several lines of bare conducting wires.
This sensor works by having a series of exposed traces connected to ground and
interlaced between the grounded traces are the sense traces. The sensor traces have
a weak pull-up resistor of 1 MΩ. The resistor will pull the sensor trace value high
until a drop of water shorts the sensor trace to the grounded trace. Believe it or not
this circuit will work with the digital I/O pins of your Arduino or you can use it
with the analog pins to detect the amount of water induced contact between the
grounded and sensor traces.

SPECIFICATIONS:

 Working voltage: 5V
 Working Current: <20ma
 Interface: Analog
 Width of detection: 40mm×16mm
 Working Temperature: 100 C~300C
 Output voltage signal: 0~4.2V
.

FEATURES:

15
  Weight: 3g
 Size: 65mm×20mm×8mm
 Arduino compatible interface
 Low power consumption
 High sensitivity

APPLICATIONS:

 Rainfall detecting
 Liquid leakage
 Tank overflow detector

DIMENSION:

TROUBLESHOOTING:

If the D0-LED does not light up check the following:

 Is the module hooked up properly?
 Sometimes salinity is an issue with these units, this one worked fine with filtered,
bottled water, but in some instances you may have to add a bit of salt to increase
the waters conduction.
 This might be a bit more tricky, but for some reason two different models by two
different manufacturers have had defects in their soldering skills. Make
sure all of the little SMD's and connectors have been soldered on properly. IE - are
solder joints actually soldered?
 If none of the previous makes the D0-LED light up, your sensor may be defective.
WIND SENSOR

 The basic function of a wind turbine is to utilize the power generated from wind and
convert it into usable (renewable) energy. On a smaller scale, home users can install their
own turbine and produce their own power at little or no cost.
 As renewable energy, it can be reproduced continuously until there is
enough power to feed its designated locations. It is also promoted as a clea n s ou rce
of e n er gy and while not yet widely used, it is ideal for the world’s least developed
nations as an affordable source of producing electricity.
 Most importantly, the turbine contributes greatly to r e d u c e f ossil f uel consumption.
It
goes without saying that the more countries that use
them, the greater the reduction in fossil fuel use because it has been proven to be a
reliable driver of energy.
 Blades – We should mention this apparatus once more because it is the most recognizable
and most important feature of the wind turbine. Another
function of the blade worth mentioning is that it control’s rotor speed to prevent it from
turning in winds that are either too high or low.
 Rotor – To follow on from the first point here, this is the technical term for the entire hub.
It is also known as a propeller.
 Anemometer – This important feature measures wind speed and transfers
the recorded data to a controller.
 Tower – This is another recognizable feature of the wind turbine. The towers of today’s
turbines are made from steel and concrete.
 No more greenhouse gases – Turbines do not emit carbon dioxide.
 Power is free – No government agency can presently regulate wind. So they
cannot charge fees to those who choose to use it as an alternative source of life-sustaining
and life-saving energy.
MICROCONTROLLER

PIC is a family of H a r v a r d architecture m icrocontrollers made by Mic rochip

Technology,
derived from the PIC1640. Originally developed by G e n e r a l Instrument's
Microelectronics
Division. The name PIC initially referred to "Programmable Interface Controller".

PICs are popular with both industrial developers and hobbyists alike due to their low cost,
wide availability, large user base, extensive collection of application notes, availability of low
cost or free development tools, and serial programming (and re-programming with flash
memory) capability.Microchip announced on February 2008 the shipment of its six billionth
PIC processor.

The PIC microcontroller PIC16f877a is one of the most renowned microcontrollers in the
industry. This controller is very convenient to use, the coding or programming of this
controller is also easier. One of the main advantages is that it can be write-erase as many times
as possible because it use FLASH memory technology. It has a total number of 40 pins and
there are 33 pins for input and output. PIC16F877A is used in many p i c microcontroller
projects. PIC16F877A also have many application in digital electronics circuits.
FIG 4.3 .1IC PIN
PIC16f877a finds its applications in a huge number of devices. It is used in remote sensors,
security and safety devices, home automation and in many industrial instruments. An
EEPROM is also featured in it which makes it possible to store some of
the information permanently like transmitter codes and receiver
frequencies and some other related data. The cost of this controller is low and its handling
is also easy. Its flexible and can be used in areas where microcontrollers have never been
used before as in coprocessor applications and timer functions etc. Microcontroller is a
general purpose device, which integrates a number of the components of a microprocessor
system on to single chip. It has inbuilt CPU, memory and peripherals to make it as a mini
computer. A microcontroller
combines on to the same microchip:
 CPU core

 Memory (both ROM and RAM)

 Some parallel digital input/output Microcontrollers will

combine other devices such as:

 A timer module to allow the microcontroller to perform tasks for certain time periods.
  A serial I/O port to allow data to flow between the controller and other devices such
as a PIC or another microcontroller.

 An ADC to allow the microcontroller to accept analogue input data for processing.

Microcontrollers are:

 Smaller in size

 Consumes less power

 Inexpensive

Microcontroller is a standalone unit, which can perform functions on its own without any
requirements for additional hardware like I/O ports and external memory.

The heart of the microcontroller is the CPU core. In the past, this has traditionally
been based on an 8 bit microprocessor unit. For example, Motorola uses a basic
6800 microprocessor core their 6805/6808 microcontroller devices. In the recent
years, microcontrollers have been developed around specifically designed CPU cores, for
example the microchip PIC range of microcontrollers.
Introduction to PIC:

The microcontroller that has been used for this project is from PIC series. PIC
microcontroller is the first RISC based microcontroller fabricated in CMOS (complementary
metal oxide semiconductor) that uses separate bus for instruction and data allowing
simultaneous access of program and data memory. The main advantage of CMOS and RISC
combination is low power consumption resulting in
a very small chip size with a small pin count. The main advantage of CMOS is that has
immunity to noise than other fabrication techniques.
PIC 16877A:

Various microcontrollers offer different kinds of memories. EEPROM, EPROM,

FLASH
etc. are some of the memories of which FLASH is the most recently developed.
Technology
that is used in PIC 16877 is flash technology, so that data is retained even when the power is
switched off. Easy programming and erasing are other features of PIC 16F877. PIC16F877A
microcontroller is used in the project. The following are some of the important features of the
controller.
Core features:

 High performance RISC CPU

 Only 35 single word instructions to learn

 All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two cycle

 Operating speed: DC- 20MHz clock input

DC- 200 ns instruction cycle

 Up to 8K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory,

Up to 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)

Up to 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM data memory

 Pin out compatible to the PIC 16c73/74/76/77

 Interrupt capability (up to 14 external/internal)

 Eight level deep hardware stack

 Direct, indirect and relative dressing modes

 Power –On Reset

 Power – Up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start – Up Timer (OST)

 Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation

 Programmable code operation

 Power saving SLEEP mode

 Selectable oscillator options

 Low-power, high speed CMOS EPROM/EEPROM technology

 Fully static design

 In-circuit Serial Programming (ISCP) via two pins

 Only single 5V source needed for programming capability

 In-circuit Debugging via two pins

 Processor read/write access to program memory

 Wide operating voltage range: 2.5v - 5.5v

 High sink source current: 25mA

  Commercial and industrial temperature ranges

 Low-power consumption:

<2mA typical at 5V, 4MHz 20mA

typical at 3V, 32 kHz

<1mA typical standby current

Peripheral features:

 Timer0: 8bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler

 Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be incremented during sleep

via external clock/crystal

 Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler

 10-bit multichannel Analog-to-Digital converter

 Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI (Master mode) and 12C (Master/ Slave)

 Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-

bit address detection

 Brown – out detection circuitry for Brown out Reset (BOR).

PIN DESCRIPTION

PIC16F877A consists of 40 pins enclosed in 5 ports. Each port holds 8 pins

which are bidirectional input/output pins. Pin diagram of PIC 16F877 is
represented in Fig.
PIN 1: MCLR
The first pin is the master clear pin of this IC. It resets the microcontroller and is active low,
meaning that it should constantly be given a voltage of 5V and if 0 V
are given then the controller is reset. Resetting the controller will bring it back to the first line
of the program that has been burned into the IC.
A push button and a resistor is connected to the pin. The pin is already being supplied by
constant 5V. When we want to reset the IC we just have to push the button which will bring
the MCLR pin to 0 potential thereby resetting the controller.

PIN 2: RA0/AN0
PORTA consists of 6 pins, from pin 2 to pin 7, all of these are bidirectional
input/output pins. Pin 2 is the first pin of this port. This pin can also be used as an analog pin
AN0. It is built in analog to digital converter.
PIN 3: RA1/AN1
This can be the analog input 1.

PIN 4: RA2/AN2/Vref-
It can also act as the analog input2. Or negative analog reference voltage can be given to it.

PIN 5: RA3/AN3/Vref+
It can act as the analog input 3. Or can act as the analog positive reference voltage.

PIN 6: RA0/T0CKI
To timer0 this pin can act as the clock input pin, the type of output is open drain.
PIN 7: RA5/SS/AN4
This can be the analog input 4. There is synchronous serial port in the controller also and this
pin can be used as the slave select for that port.

PIN 8: RE0/RD/AN5
PORTE starts from pin 8 to pin 10 and this is also a bidirectional input output port.
It can be the analog input 5 or for parallel slave port it can act as a ‘read control’ pin which
will be active low.

PIN 9: RE1/WR/AN6
It can be the analog input 6. And for the parallel slave port it can act as the ‘write control’
which will be active low.

PIN 10: RE2/CS/A7

It can be the analog input 7, or for the parallel slave port it can act as the ‘control select’ which
will also be active low just like read and write control pins.

PIN 11 and 32: VDD

These two pins are the positive supply for the input/output and logic pins. Both of them should
be connected to 5V.

PIN 12 and 31: VSS

These pins are the ground reference for input/output and logic pins. They should be connected
to 0 potential.

PIN 13: OSC1/CLKIN

This is the oscillator input or the external clock input pin.

PIN 14: OSC2/CLKOUT

This is the oscillator output pin. A crystal resonator is connected between pin 13 and 14 to
provide external clock to the microcontroller. ¼ of the frequency of OSC1 is outputted by
OSC2 in case of RC mode. This indicates the instruction cycle rate.
PIN 15: RC0/T1OCO/T1CKI
PORTC consists of 8 pins. It is also a bidirectional input output port. Of them, pin 15 is the
first. It can be the clock input of timer 1 or the oscillator output of timer 2.

PIN 16: RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

It can be the oscillator input of timer 1 or the capture 2 input/compare 2 output/ PWM 2
output.

PIN 17: RC2/CCP1

It can be the capture 1 input/ compare 1 output/ PWM 1 output.

PIN 18: RC3/SCK/SCL

It can be the output for SPI or I2C modes and can be the input/output for synchronous serial
clock.

PIN 23: RC4/SDI/SDA

It can be the SPI data in pin. Or in I2C mode it can be data input/output pin.
PIN 24: RC5/SDO
It can be the data out of SPI in the SPI mode.

PIN 25: RC6/TX/CK

It can be the synchronous clock or USART Asynchronous transmit pin.

PIN 26: RC7/RX/DT

It can be the synchronous data pin or the USART receive pin.

PIN 19,20,21,22,27,28,29,30:
All of these pins belong to PORTD which is again a bidirectional input and output
port. When the microprocessor bus is to be interfaced, it can act as the parallel slave port.

PIN 33-40: PORT B

All these pins belong to PORTB. Out of which RB0 can be used as the external interrupt pin
and RB6 and RB7 can be used as in-circuit debugger pins.

Architecture of PIC 16F877:

The basic building block of PIC 16F877A is based on Harvard architecture. The memory of a
PIC 16F877A is divided into 3 sections. They are:

 Program memory

 Data Memory

 Data EEPROM

Program memory
 CR and SR are the control and status registers used in operation. The CS register is
readable and writable. The lower six bits of the SR are read only. The upper two bits of SR
are
read/write. SSPSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or out. SSPBUF is the
buffer
register to which data bytes are written to or read form. In receive operations: SSPSR and
SSPBUF together create a double- buffered receiver. During transmission, the SSPBUF is not
double-buffered.

Timer Modules:

The PIC16F877A incorporates timer modules for the purpose of producing software
interrupts. These interrupts are part and parcel of microcontroller programming. There are
three timers available. They are:


Timer0 module 
Timer1 module 
Timer2 module

RF TRANSCEIVER

Introduction

HC-12 wireless serial port communication module is a new-generation multichannel

embedded wireless data transmission module. Its wireless working frequency band is 433.4-
473.0MHz, multiple channels can be set, with the stepping of 400 KHz, and there are totally
100 channels. The maximum transmitting power of module is 100mW (20dBm), the receiving
sensitivity is -117dBm at baud rate of 5,000bps in the air, and the communication distance is
1,000m in open space. The module is encapsulated with stamp hole, can adopt patch welding,
and its dimension is 27.8mm × 14.4mm × 4mm (including antenna cap, excluding spring
antenna), so it is very convenient for customers to go into application system. There is a PCB
antenna pedestal ANT1 on the module, and user can use external antenna of 433M frequency
band through coaxial cable; there is also an antenna solder eye ANT2 in the module, and it is
convenient for user to weld spring antenna. User could select one of these antennas
according to use requirements. There is MCU inside the module, and user don’t need to
program the module
separately, and all transparent transmission mode is only responsible for receiving and sending
serial port data, so it is convenient to use. The module adopts multiple serial port transparent
transmission modes, and user could select them by AT command according to use
requirements. The average working current of three modes FU1, FU2 and FU3 in idle state is
80μa, 3.6mA an 16mA respectively, and the maximum working current is 100mA (in
transmitting state).

CONFIGURATION

Standard configuration of HC-12 module only contains one 433MHz-frequency- band wireless
communication module with IPEX20279-001E-03 standard RF socket. The optional
accessories are 433MHz-frequency-band spring antenna, IPEX-to-BNC coaxial cable and
matching 433MHz-frequency-band omni- directional rubber antenna of BNC connector. User
could purchase them according to use requirements.

DEFINITION OF PINS

HC-12 module can adopt patch welding, or weld 2.54mm-spacing pin header, and directly
insert it onto user’s PCB. The module totally has nine pins and one RF antenna pedestal
ANT1, and their definitions are as shown in the table below:
 SERIAL PORT TRANSPARENT TRANSMISSION

HC-12 module has three serial port transparent transmission modes, expressed with FU1, FU2
and FU3 respectively. In the use, all modes are only responsible for receiving and sending
serial port data rather than wireless transmission. The default working mode of system is in
FU3 full-speed mode, and in this mode, the baud rate in this air can be automatically adjusted
according to baud rate of serial port, and the communication distance will be the farthest at the
low baud rate.
Different modes cannot transmit data to each other, and user could select the optimal mode
according to practical circumstances.

The modules are usually used in pairs, and transmit data by means of half duplex. Meanwhile,
the transparent transmission mode, serial port baud rate, and wireless communication channel
of two paired modules shall be set to be the same. The default setting is FU3, 9,600bps (8-dibit
data, no check, one stop bit), CH001 (433.4MHz). Use the number of bytes continuously sent
to serial port of module unlimited to one time. However, considering ambient interference and
other factors, if thousands of data size is sent continuously at a time, some number of bytes
may be lost. Therefore, the upper computer shall have response and resending mechanism, to
avoid information loss.

GPS

GPS (Global Positioning System) can be used to finding the position. In this paper is used
to monitoring the position of the vessel by the help of GPS (Global Positioning System)
then sending and displaying the information about the position of the vessel of fisherman.
This paper is only for monitoring and displaying but not used to controlling the vessel.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite based navigation system that sends and
receives radio signals. A GPS receiver acquires these signals and provides the user with
information. Using GPS technology, one can determine location, velocity and time, 24 hours a
day, in any weather conditions anywhere in the world for free. GPS was formally known as the
NAVSTAR (Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging). Global Positioning System was
originally
developed for military. Because of its popular navigation capabilities and because GPS
technology can be accessed using small, inexpensive equipment, the government made the
system available for civilian use. The USA owns GPS technology and the Department of
Defense maintain.

GPS Accuracy

The accuracy of GPS depends on a number of factors, number of channels on the

receiver, number of satellites in view, and signal interference caused by buildings, mountains
and ionosphere disturbances. Accuracy should be within 15 meters (without SA) provided the
receiver has a clear shot at a minimum of four satellites. There are several methods that can
improve GPS accuracy. Two commonly discussed are Differential GPS (DGPS) and Wide
Area Augmentations System (WAAS). These improve accuracy to within 1 to 3 meters. DGPS
uses fixed, mounted GPS receivers to calculate the difference between their actual known
position and the calculated GPS position. This difference is then broadcast over a local FM
signal. GPS units within range of the local FM signal can improve their position accuracy to
within 1cm over short distances (but more typically 3-5 meters).WAAS, developed and
deployed by the FAA, takes this approach a step further. Today there are 25 WAAS ground
stations networked together. These communicate errors back to the wide area master station.
The master station applies correction algorithms to the original GPS data stream and sends a
correction message to a geosynchronous satellite. This satellite then transmits on the same
signal as GPS satellites. This correction results in better than a 3 meter degree of accuracy.
 DC MOTOR

DC motors are part of the electric motors using DC power as energy source. These
devices transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. The basic principle of DC
motors is same as electric motors in general, the magnetic interaction between the rotor and
the stator that will generate spin.

Simple motor has six parts:

1. Armature or rotor
2. Commutator
3. Brushes
4. Axle
5. Field magnet
6. DC power supply of some sort

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR

When DC electric current flowing in the coil in accordance with the direction of the arrow,
while the direction of the magnetic field B is from north to south pole, the coil will be driven
by the force F in the direction as shown in Figure 1. This condition occurs continuously so
will result in rotation on the axis of the coil.

The direction of the electric current in the coil is fixed, because of the split ring on the end
of the coil.

The major classes of DC motors are

Shunt wound. 
Series wound.
 Compound
wound. 
Separately excited.

These types of motors differ only in the connection of the field circuits The armatures,
commutators, and so forth are nearly identical with each other and with those of the generators.
All four major classes of motors are widely used. This is in contrast to the generators, in which
the compound wound type is used for nearly all general power applications.
Brushless motor

A DC Brushless Motor uses a permanent magnet e xternal r otor, three phases

of
driving coils, one or more Hall effect device s to sense the position of the rotor, and
the
associated drive electronics. The coils are activated, one phase after the other, by the drive
electronics as cued by the signals from the Hall effect sensors, they act as three-phase
synchronous motors containing their own v ar iable frequency drive electronics.
BLDC Motor Advantages

 Electronic commutation based on Hall position sensors

 Less required maintenance due to absence of brushes
 Speed/Torque- flat, enables operation at all speeds with rated load
 High efficiency, no voltage drop across brushes
 High output power/frame size.
Reduced size due to superior thermal characteristics. Because BLDC has the
windings on the stator, which is connected to the case, the heat disipation
is better
 Higher speed range - no mechanical limitation imposed by
brushes/commutator
 Low electric noise generation

BLDC Motor Disadvantages

 Higher cost of construction

 Control is complex and expensive
 Electric Controller is required to keep the motor running. It offers double the
price of the motor.
LCD DISPLAY

INTRODUCTION:

Liquid crystal cell displays (LCDs) are used in similar applications where LEDs

LCDs are of two types:

I. Dynamic scattering type

II. Field effect type

The construction of a dynamic scattering liquid crystal cell:

The liquid crystal material may be one of the several components, which
exhibit optical properties of a crystal though they remain in liquid form. Liquid
crystal is layered between glass sheets with transparent electrodes deposited on
the inside faces.
When a potential is applied across the cell, charge carriers flowing through
the liquid disrupt the molecular alignment and produce turbulence. When the
liquid is not activated, it is transparent. When the liquid is activated the
molecular turbulence causes light to be scattered in all directions and the cell
appear to be bright.
This phenomenon is called dynamic scattering.
The construction of a field effect liquid crystal display is similar to that of
the dynamic scattering type, with the exception that two thin polarizing optical
filters are placed at the inside of each glass sheet. The liquid crystal material in
the field effect cell is also of different type from employed in the dynamic
scattering cell. The material used is twisted numeric type and actually twists the
light passing through the cell when the latter is not energised.
PIN DESCRIPTION FOR LCD:

PIN SYMBOL FUNCTION

NO
1 Vss Ground terminal of Module
2 Vdd Supply terminal of Module, +
5v
3 Vo Power supply for liquid crystal drive
4 RS Register select RS=0…
Instruction register RS=1…
Data register
5 R/W Read/Write
R/W=1…Read
R/W=0…Write
6 EN Enable

7-14 DB0-DB7 Bi-directional Data Bus.

Data Transfer is performed once ,thru DB0-DB7,incase of
 interface data length is 8-bits;and twice, thru DB4-DB7 in
the case of interface data length is 4-bits.Upper four bits
first then lower four bits.

15 LAMP-(L-) LED or EL lamp power supply terminals

16 LAMP+(L+) Enable
(E2)

ADVANTAGES:
1. Consume much lesser energy (i.e. low power) when compared to LEDs.
2. Utilizes the light available outside and no generation of light.
3. Since very thin layer of liquid crystal is used, more suitable to act as display elements
(in digital watches, pocket calculators, ect.)
4. Since reflectivity is highly sensitive to temperature, used as temperature measuring
sensor.
5. Very cheap.

DISADVANTAGES:

1. Angle of viewing is very limited.

2. External light is a must for display.
3. Since not generating its own light and makes use of external light for display, contrast is
poor.
4. Cannot be used under wide range of temperature.
CHAPTER - 5

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

MPLAB IDE SOFTWARE

MPLAB is a proprietary freeware integrated d evelopment e nvironment for the

development of e mbe dded applications on PIC and d sP IC m icrocontrollers , and is
developed
by Microchip Technology.

MPLAB X is the latest edition of MPLAB, and is developed on the N etBeans

platform.
MPLAB and MPLAB X support project management, code editing, debugging and
programming of Microchip 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit PIC microcontrollers.

MPLAB is designed to work with MPLAB-certified devices such as the MPLAB I CD 3

and MPLAB R EAL ICE , for programming and debugging PIC microcontrollers using a
personal computer. PICKit programmers are also supported by MPLAB.

MPLAB 8.X is the last version of the legacy MPLAB IDE technology, custom built by
Microchip T e c h n o l o g y in Microsoft V isual C + + . MPLAB supports project
management,
editing, debugging and programming of Microchip 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit
PICmicrocontrollers . MPLAB only works on Mic rosoft W i n d o w s. MPLAB is still
available
from Microchip's archives, but is not recommended for new projects.

MPLAB supports the following compilers:

 MPLAB MPASM Assembler

 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler
 MPLAB C Compiler for PIC18
 MPLAB C Compiler for PIC24 and dsPIC DSCs
 MPLAB C Compiler for PIC32
LabVIEW

Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is a system-design

platform and development environment for a v isual p rogramming l a n g u a g e from
National Instruments.

The graphical language is named "G"; not to be confused with G-code. Originally released for
the Apple M acintosh in 1986, LabVIEW is commonly used for d a t a acquisition,
instrument
c ontro l, and industrial a u t o mati on on a variety of o perating systems (OSs),
including
M icro soft Windows, various versions of Uni x, Lin ux, and m acOS . The latest
version of
LabVIEW is 2016, released in August 2016.

CHAPTER - 6

APPLICATION

 We can use this device also as bomb

detector  Location of any lost vehicle could
be found

ADVANTAGES

The hijack of the ship by the pirates can be eradicated.

 The lost ship wrecks due to natural calamities can be identified

By keeping the kits in the entire boats and by knowing the locations of all the
boats we can use our kit to assist the traffic.

 Accuracy determination of location

 Maintenance cost is low

 Easily replaceable
 CHAPTER 7

RES
In the olden days there is no proper system to identify the border. The fisherman
while fishing they cross the border unknowingly and these may lead them to
serious effects. It is so because there is no proper identification systems. During
those days they use magnetic compass and other natural identification system.
Because of the inadequate knowledge of the fisherman, they face serious
consequences while crossing the border. These are the problems that are faced in
the present system. By overcoming this it is possible to introduce new ideas for
identifying the border. The best area for fishing. On an account to it is able to give
warning from the base station that some natural calamities is about to happen. cost
and it will be more advantage to the fisherman. Even after these services provided
to fishermen, there are some future enhancements is given here. It is able to
intimate the fishermen about the boundary before some kilometers of distance by
feeding the latitude and longitude values of places before the boundary into the
PIC and an automatic engine disable system can be implemented if the fishermen
are going to reach the boundary or the speed of the boat can be gradually
controlled depends on their further navigation to boundary.

CONCLUSION

Thus the fishermen can easily identify the national sea borders and
therefore prevents them from entering their area. Thus saving their lives and
providing good relationship with the neighbouring countries. Also, the piracy of
ship can be easily brought under control.
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