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CE302 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Chapter 2 - Tutorial Problems

This document contains 4 tutorial problems solving for stresses, strains, and sizing of mechanical components under axial loading: 1. A steel bolt and aluminum rod connecting two castings are loaded, causing stresses in the bolt and rod. The normal stress in the rod is calculated as 67.2 MPa. 2. The maximum compressive load on a bronze block is calculated as 160 kN based on the allowable stress, and 228 kN based on the allowable strain. 3. For a cast iron tube under compression, the maximum normal stress is calculated as 17.25 MPa, and the minimum wall thickness for a 7.2 kN load is calculated as 2.82 mm.

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Ahmet Tüken
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284 views7 pages

CE302 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Chapter 2 - Tutorial Problems

This document contains 4 tutorial problems solving for stresses, strains, and sizing of mechanical components under axial loading: 1. A steel bolt and aluminum rod connecting two castings are loaded, causing stresses in the bolt and rod. The normal stress in the rod is calculated as 67.2 MPa. 2. The maximum compressive load on a bronze block is calculated as 160 kN based on the allowable stress, and 228 kN based on the allowable strain. 3. For a cast iron tube under compression, the maximum normal stress is calculated as 17.25 MPa, and the minimum wall thickness for a 7.2 kN load is calculated as 2.82 mm.

Uploaded by

Ahmet Tüken
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(STRENGTH OF MATERIALS)

CHAPTER 2
STRESS AND STRAIN UNDER AXIAL LOADING
Turorial Problems

CE 302: Mechanics of Materials 2/10/2017 October


Tutorial Problem-1
2
The rigid castings A and B are connected by two 18-mm-diameter steel bolts CD
and GH and are in contact with the ends of a 38-mm-diameter aluminum rod
EF. Each bolt is single-threaded with a pitch of 2.5 mm, and after being snugly
fitted, the nuts at D and H are both tightened one quarter of a turn. Knowing
that E is 200 GPa for steel and 70 GPa for aluminum, determine the normal
stress in the rod.

CE 302: Mechanics of Materials 2/10/2017 October


Solution
3
Deformations
Bolts CD and GH
Tightening the nuts causes tension in the bolts. Because of symmetry, both are subjected to
the same internal force Pb and undergo the same deformation δB.
 2  2
Ab  d  18  254.47 mm 2
4 4
PL Pb Lb Pb  450 6
b     8 . 842  10 Pb
AE Ab Eb 254.47  (200 10 )
3

Free body diagrams of bolts and Aluminum bar.


Rod EF
The rod is in compression, where the magnitude of the force is Pr and the deformation δr.
 2  2
Ar  d  38  1134.11 mm 2
4 4
PL Pr Lr Pr  300 6
b     3 . 779  10 Pr
AE Ar Er 1134.11 (70  10 )
3

CE 302: Mechanics of Materials 2/10/2017 October


Displacement of D relative to B.
Tightening the nuts one-quarter of turn causes ends D and H of the bolts to undergo a
displacement of ¼ (2.5 mm) relative to casting B. Considering end D,

1
D / B  (2.5)  0.625 mm
4
But δD/B = δD - δB where δD and δB represent the displacement of D and B. If casting A is
held in a fixed position while the nuts at D and H are being tightened, these displacements
are equal to the deformations of the bolts and of the rod, respectively. Therefore,
 D / B  b   r
 0.625  8.842 10 6 Pb  (3.779 10 6 ) Pr

From the free body diagram of casting B :


 ()Fx  0  Pr  2 Pb  0  Pr  2 Pb
 0.625  8.842 10 6 Pb  (3.779 10 6 )2 Pb  Pb  38.1103 N  38.1 kN
Pr  2 Pb  2  38.1  76.2 kN Pr 76.2 1000
r    67.2 MPa Ans.
Ar 
 38 2

4
CE 302: Mechanics of Materials 4 2/10/2017 October
Tutorial Problem-2
5
A block of 250-mm length and 50× 40 mm cross section is to support a centric
compressive load P. The material to be used is a bronze for which E = 95 GPa.
Determine the largest load that can be applied, knowing that the normal stress must
not exceed 80 MPa and that the decrease in length of the block should be at most
0.12% of its original length.. P
Solution
Given :   0.12% of 250 mm; A  50  40 mm 2 ; L  250 mm; E  95 GPa;  all  80 MPa
Largest load based on allowable stress:
P
   all  P   all A  80  (50  40)  160000 N  160 kN
A
Largest load based on allowable deformation:
P
PL AE all (50  40)  (95 1000)  (0.0012  250)
   all  P    228000 N
AE L 250
 P  228 kN
The smaller P govenrs. Therefore, P  160 kN Ans.
CE 302: Mechanics of Materials 2/10/2017 October
Tutorial Problem-3
6
A cast-iron tube is used to support a compressive load. Knowing that E= 69 GPa and
that the maximum allowable change in length is 0.025%, determine
(a) The maximum normal stress in the tube,
(b) The minimum wall thickness for a load of 7.2 kN if the outside diameter of the
tube is 50 mm.
0.025 L
Solution Given : E  69 GPa;  all  0.025% of L   0.00025 L
100
(a) Maximum normal stress:
   0.00025 L 
  E  E  E all 69  103    17.25 MPa Ans.
L L  L 
(b) Minimum wall thickness:
P P 7.2  1000
  A   417.39 mm 2 di
A  17.25 do
 2 4A 4  417.39
A  (d o  d i )  d i  d o   50   44.368 mm
2 2 2

4  
d  d i 50  44.368
t o   2.82 mm Ans.
2 2
CE 302: Mechanics of Materials 2/10/2017 October
Tutorial Problem-4
7
A 1.5-m long aluminum rod must not stretch more than 1 mm and the normal stress
must not exceed 40 MPa when the rod is subjected to a 3-kN axial load. Knowing
that E = 70 GPa, determine the required diameter of the rod.
Solution Given : L  1.5 m;  all  1 mm;   40 MPa; P  3 kN; E  70 GPa
Diameter based on given stress:
P
P P 3  1000
  A   75 mm 2
A  all 40
 4A 4  75
A  d2  d    9.77 mm
4  
Diameter based on given deformation:
PL PL (3  1000)  (1.5  1000)
  A   64.3 mm 2
AE E 1 (70  1000) P
 2 4A 4  64.3 The larger diameter governs.
A d d    9.05 mm Therefore d  9.77 mm Ans.
4  
CE 302: Mechanics of Materials 2/10/2017 October

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