‘simple Stross Is the unit strength of a material or the force per unit area, Ta. Compressive Stress is the stress, which causes an elastic body to shorten in the direction of the applied force. the compressive stiess Fo = thefore A = thearea D = theciameter ‘Stress is the stress staté leading to expansion; that is, the ath of @ material tends to Increase in the tensile direction. 2. the tense sts the force the area the diameter©. Shearing-Stress is the force per unit area directed tangentially to 2 s¢\,) of parallel plines eo as to produce relative motion of the planes paral to themselves, It is caused when a force is applied to produce @ sii failure of a material stong a plane thet Is parallel to the direction of the applied force. a) Single Shear o Bearing Stress is caused by forcss acting perpenciculat to the area where: Sp = the bearing stress porn the projected area | Torsional Stross ie the shearing stress which occurs at | ring sre which occurs at any point ina body when a torque or torsional load is af : ied, the otar moment of inertia 3the modulus of elasticity. e ce ) H, Design Stress is the stress value which is used In the mathematical determination of the required size of the machine member. 1. For SSSR 2 2 Si =the design stess the bending or oxura avess the bending moment S, = the yeid sess FS = thelactor of eatery the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fber the width F. Bending or Flexural Stress tends to deflect a member when Where: force is applied. E Sy = the thermal siress the depthness or thickness the moment of inertia the diameter Elongation je the fractional increase in a materi stress in tension or to thermal expansion. length dus to G. Thermal Stress is the mechanical stress induced in a bod some oF all ofits parts are not free to expand or contract in resp changes in temperature. : the cross-sectional area the modulus of elasticity the force or load the stress the stain the fina! temperature: the initial temperature oes onmEres. Modulus of El ty Js the ratio of the increment of some speci ment of some specified form of strain, sd Axial and Torsional Stresses fo«m of stress t = the modulus of elasticity S = thestess = the modulus of righty = the Poisson's ratio © = thestrain . Combined Stress refers to bending or twisting stresses in a struct member combined with direct tension ar compression. |. Combined Axial and Flexural Stresses ae 8 = the maximum tensile or compressive stress caused by the induced stresses Ssnax = the maximum shearing stress caused by the induced stresses | 3. Combined Torsional and Flexural Stresses the applied force e combined 2 cross-sectional area the bonding moment the distance from the neutral axis fo the outermost the moment of inertia Use (-) when axial force isin compression 6Where: ee L. Variable Stress refers to the application of ciferent loading such as Siac = the maximum tensile or compressive stress ‘aigue, reversed, random, repeated, impact or hoc caused by the induced stresses ‘Sense the maximum shearing stress caused by the Induced stresses For Duct terials 4, Combined Axial, Torsional and Flexural Stresses “Soderberg Line | ate Sires, wee Fo eT mnaraum pe | = etematrgatece Mo = the bending moment Ee = Soa Sein Swe = the maximum tensile or compressive st fe 4 2 th dad anes Sy = tomeanstes om + the mou shesirg sess cued 0) He | ieee stresses E: a 2 = teyaléstes ° ©2. For Britle Materials the factor of safety the sltemating stress Srrax—Sren 7 the mean svess Soar*Su e the ulimate sess 4 10. ‘Board shell with an outside diameter of 406 mm and a wall thickness of 2.54 im is subjected to 280 MPa tensile loads and a 45 KN.m. What is izximum shear stress? 69.73 MPa ©. 296,0MPa 56.00MPa 1. 1640 MPa Board taper pin with @ minimum mean diameter of 6.2 mm_will be applied to a lever to a 2in. shaft with an allowable design of 15 ksi omputte forthe trensmitted torque in lbs-n, Use a factor of safety of 2, 600 ©. 780) 700 7 1. 600 Board Determine the polar section modulus, Z,{In°) '50 rpm. The diameter of the shaft is 1 in, and ft detvering 10 hp at Wable shear stress of 0.0.90 2.0.70 ‘ompute for.the polar section modulus of @ hollow shaft with an intemal lameter of 2 inches and outside diameter of 3 inches. The shaft is 48 A 3s c.475 B. 3.75 0.4.25 ind the polar section moment of inertia of a low carton steel shafting 5 in diameter and 48 inches long? 67 o.6t 8 49 0.46 44ME Board Compute for the section modulus of a high tensile shaft 3 diameter. A 83 c43 ; B33 D838 ME Roora ind the polar moment of nertia ofa squere with a ciagonal of 4.95 ME Board ye - A 20 6.30 Find the polar moment of inertia of a square section bar sized 3 7 B25 0.38 A. 208 28 : B. 25 D.22 ME Board ~The maximum shearing stress ia psi that is present in @ 2° diameter shaft ME Board ‘subjected to a 2200 ino torque Is. psi. The modulus of elasticity for stee! is 90.X 10° pet. A 1400 6.1120 AA steel shaft of 50 mm in diameter and 1m in length is restrained! is changed by 100°C, what compressive “8 1617 0.1540 c. 260,000 : 0. 242,000 ME Boara Compute for the ctop / stretch of an underground mine elevator steel ‘cable (in mm) if it has a load of 58,000 N (equivalent to 80 persons) end it jock with a dimension of 100 mm X 800 mm at the base ant _ Measures 60 mm in diameter and 30 m in length. ght is securely welded to steel by the base and subject AD 3.17 C.2.88 @ base of 2000 KN at the free er Be 2.50 0.3.50 Compute forthe shear stress developed in KPa, Use the shear my for steel of 83 X 10°KPa. i. ME Board A. 18,000 c.28,000 " Galeulata the elongation ofa salt steel chatt of SAE 1030 carbon stool 2 B. 22,000, D. 25,000 8 inches in dlameterby-6 fet in length supporting a direct tension lood “The facior of safety is set at 4, tees concentration factor ME Boara stength of $0,000 pk ‘A hollow SAE 1080 steel shafting with OD = 4 inches and 10 = ©. 0.0788 in ands 6 long has a polar section modulus of 8 0.018, D. 0.0168 in A 6.130 B1% 0.976 NE Board Determine the diameter of the steel shafl in inches if sibjected to a ‘ME Board ‘torque of 36,000 in-ibs and shear stress of 10 ksi Find the polar moment of inertia of a dimension 3° X 3" ACS45 ©.4.00 A 135 0.183 B 225 D278 B. 153 D215 ME Board ME Board ‘Compute for the polar section modulus of hollow shafting with outside Find the section modulus of a square with a dimension of 2*X 2" diameter of 3 in, and inside diameter of 2.5 in A 274. 6.2.32 43 428 214 D. 4.92 ME Board ‘A square bar which is held firmly at one end is to support @ concent load of 3000 Ibs at the outer end. The bar is to be 40 in. long and ‘medium carbon SAE 1040 stee! with a yield point of 60 ksi. With a fad Of safety set at 3 and stress concentration factor of 1.3, compute for allowable working and simle normal (tensile & compressive) stresses Di = Dow 2t ksi. D: = 0.406-2(0.0026) A 60/462 ©.3023.1 B= 0.4009 m Bo 20/154 0.40008 Ss = the torsional shear stress ME Board Determine the load in KN on a 25 mm diameter, 1200 mm long shaft if its maximum elongation exceeds 1 mm, A 83 ©. 103 B. 125 Dg |. ME Board ‘Compute for the foad in KN on a3 cm diameter, 100 om long steel its maximum elongation exceed 0.12 om. A 178 ©. 148 B. 196 D. 287 ME Board ‘Compute for the polar section modulus of a SAE 1960 shafiing having diameter of 3 inches. Use a facior of safaty of 2 and design stress 8000 psi tee eT, x[0,'-07 16(45)(0.406) [lea yt-(0.4009)*] Ss = 69,500.71 KPa Ss = 8a5hiPa cad Fo = tmetorce B64 Ds3 Sete! ME Board : a ‘A mass weighing 88 tbs rests on @ horizontal suraco, The force need st E {© move slong the sree ie 20 bs. Detomine te octet oftiston|, 20 = FE ost 036 asa) B. 0.12 D.0.28 A254, ME Boara Foo= 2501 Compute for induced compressive ares in KPa, ofa steel sold sha of 50 mm diameter and 800 mm in fnath thats subjected : lapaereeneftepertiey 80°C, Use =65X10°,€-=s0, TT (Bete 10° psi. = Fx A. 181,816 C. 218,182 T = 350 Ibs x2 in, 2 242816 ©. 196.560 T= Tin ME Beard Determine the foad in KN on a 26-nmm by 1200 mm long ste! shat ae maximum elongation exceeds 1 mm. A TB c.96 Bee fans T= thetoque 44 7Jo an 10(33,000)¢12) 2x( 180) 42016908 ino the polar section modulus s 8 4201,6905 6000 070 the polar section modulus [0-21] 16) 4.264 in? the polar moment of inertia 2? go 61.36 in* the polar section modulus, 16 thermal stress Bat 6.8x10 (30x10) (100x1.8) -241,980.3 KPa ait :700x0.800 25,000 the poler section modulus 17 101.325 47 )ae go: = J = the polar moment of inertia * J = 7 J =. 7 ia 6 Jos as 8 an FT = tender secon motte aed : uuu 3 bos ee ae (4.057 From Pythagorean Theorem aeat 36 ‘the polar moment of inertia. the maximum shearing stress 487 = 416(2200) (2) 1400 psi the elongation FL AE 58(30) a toosy") arovt 2008e «| 2.88.x0°m 2.88 mm the elongation a94 |2 ae 5 800004612) (28757 (Boxt0") 5 =. 008 1D a5 D = thediameter o = Pt Yzs, > = ,{18(88,000) ~ ¥x(10,000) D = 264in 18. A 278 Jp = the poiar section meduius eee eee 7 a eet boF » = 2.74 in® For the allowable working stress - @ . Se Be taki For the simple normal stress 20 60 ity = tas! the force AES T zossno*(2)(onsy'( 2 es otsr 5) 4.2 2427 KN the force AES He 2oBx10° (E (0.03). @ 17447 KN the polar section modulus 2424.B 196,560 Fa Bez2) °° S = the thermal stress S = aka S = S6xt0%90 x10 (Gox1.9) 101.828 S = 196:529.14 psi 25. B 3 F = the force Foe Fo Fos B427KN 21-28 ‘Above 64% | Topnoichers | Very Good ER isa | Passers | Good war Se | Gualiiers | Poor TZ baow We below | Failed Very poor 22 solid circular shaft transmitting a torque of 1800 felb. Compute the maximum normal stress in the shaft. 3238 ©. 1138 2198 ©. 12824 isthe bending moment in felb at the fixed end of a 10 ft. truss with inform weight of 100 larft. and concentrated vert ©. 1600 D-17,000 subjected to steady load of 26,000 in, fb, al a-shear stress of ,000 psi. Compute the diameter ofthe sald shatt in inches, 17) urance strength is 28,000 psi. Compute the alternating stress of the is subjected to @ reversing load, Assume a factor of safety of 3 8150 0.9333 10920 1.7260 ‘Board top shaft made of SAE 1117 stoot with an ultimate strength of 69.7 ksi. ‘notch sensitivity Ment upon the ulimate strength, check the radius of the stress ‘0.102 0.280 23ME Board The shaft whose torque varies from 2000 to 6000 ind, has 1.5 diameter and 6000 psi yield strength. Compute for the shaft mean Problem: ‘Two 30 mm thick plate is fastened by two 25 mm bolts subjected to 30 KN tension, find the bearing stress in bolts. AL 6036 psi ©. 5162 psi As 18MPa ©. 25 MPa B. 6810 psi D. 5550 psi 8. 20MPa .30MPa ‘ME Board Problem ‘A 28 inches shaft is subjected to $ KN.m torque. Find the stress ‘developed. A. 56.7 MPa c.647 MPa B. 69.7MPa D.65.7 MPa ‘Compute the maximum unit shears in a 3 inches diameter steel sh that transmits 24,000 in-ib of torque at 99 rp-n. A. 482708! C. 9860 psi B. 4250 psi 10-4930 psi ME Board A steel tie fod on bridge must be made to withstand @ pull of 60 Find the diameter of the tad assuming a factor of safety of § and stress of 64,000 psi acting et the end of a 3m cantilever beam. If section in’, what isthe stress induced? 6.88.16 MPa D.91.54MPa ©.0.84 in D.0.79in ‘What modulus of elasticity in tension is requiréd to obtain af deformation of 0.00105 mim from a load producing a unit tensile st 44,000 psi? A6 mm steel wire is § m long and stretches 8 mm under @ given load. If modulus of elasticity fs 200 GPa, find the load applied A. 6.048 KN ©. 8.163 KN AL 42.300X 10° psi ©. 43.101 X 10° pel 8. 7.008 KN D. 9.048 KN B. 41.202 X 10° psi D. 41.905 X'10® pst Problem peat ‘A steel wire 10 m long, hanging vertically supports a tensile load of 2 KN. A column supports a compressive load of 150 KN, determine the al diameter of column if inside ie 180 mm end compressive strost MPa. Neglecting the weight of wire, determine the required diameter if the stfess is not to exceed 140MPa and the total elongation is not to exceed 5 mm, Asgumé E= 200 GPa. A. 185.63 mm 6, 182.63 mm A Simm ©.9mm 8. 188.63mm D.198.63 mm 5 7mm D.ttmm Problem Probie ‘A 20 mm diameter rivat is used to fasten two 25 mim thick pl ‘shearing stress is 80 MPa. What tensile force applied each plat the bolt? A. 18.35KN ©. 20.17 KN 5. 1842KN D.25.13 KN An iron rod 4 m long and 0.8 om? In cross-section stretches 1 mm when @ ase of 225 kg is hang on it. Compute the modulus of elasticity of the tron, A. 17688 GPa ©. 183.68 GPa B. 184.27 GPa 0. 185.74 GPa 28+6. 19, 29, 24 22. Problem: A 20 m 106 Is stretches to a strain of 0,001. Determine the deflection the rod. 24. Probiem in, diameter wire is used in a chain link. The alloy , The alonable sos Psi for the link material. What load can the chain safely support? ct A. 20mm 6.90 mm A. 673.12 Ib ©. 785.40 I 8 28m Desi Teese Bares Problem, Probiem A ral having a coefficient of linear expansion of 11.6 X 10° mim- 4 increases its length when heated from 70 °F to 113 °F. determine strain. AU bolt supports a load of 5000 Ib. The cross-section of the bolt has a ‘diemeter of 578 in. How much stress is induced it denete of inthe sides of the bolt? y* y* C. 8148.73 A. 204X10 0.421 X10 B.- 7236.19 psi Last B. 6.08 x 10* D277 x10* ps D. 9148.85 psi Problem ‘What temperature wil the rails just touch if steel rail road is 10 m lor laid with clearance of 3 mm at inital temperature of 15°C. Use a X10% m/m-"C. A, 25.48°C. c. 50.58 °C 8. 40.64°C 0..85.26°C Problem ‘A ciee! hollow tube is used to carry a tensile load of 500 KN at a sires 1140 MPa. IF outside diameter is 10 times the tube thickness, find thickness of the tube. A 720mm ©.13.90 mm 8. 11.24mm D.15.24mm Propiem 'A 500 Ib force acts at the end of a § ft cantilever beam. The se modulus for the steel beam fs 6 In®, How much stress is induced? A. 4000 psi ©. 6000 psi B, 5000 psi 1. 7000 pst Problem: ‘A7Tmm stee! wite has 5 m long and stretches & mm under a given la the modulus of elasticity is 200 GPa. What is the appied load? A, 11233N) ©. 13345 B 12315N 1.18315 N 26 27Solution To Feat 2 2B 2538 Ss = _ the torsional shearing stress S = S 8 Ss = © 2138 psi 2 D 27,000 Mo = the moment Moos FixlitFexle M = 1200x410 + 10005 Moos 47,000 & C 2% S: = _ the torsional shearing stress ad 10,000 = D = 4 © 9333 S_ = the alternating stress A= Sn FS Sy Sh a eee 3 8000 Sa = 9333 28 ace 1 D004 the mean stress 18T pax 181, epee tiear 1 16(6000) Sn = 16(2000) (1.5) (1.5) 2054.15 pol Son = © 301808 pt Swen + Sin Son 9054.1542018.05 B 6036 pst tne trina hearing soso 380 aD* 16(24,000) 4527 pst the diameter 23= the modulus of elasticity s 44,000 ‘aot08 = © 41,905 x10° psi ze0o = [03-04] = 168.63 mm 2543 KN s Ss 80 = the shearing strose FE ig ; LE Feo? = 25.132.74N = 28.13KN the stress. F aA 30,000 2(80)@25) 20MPa 167 . aD 46(80,000,000) 28 (35;) 1000 50.7 MPa 91.54 MPa the load or force SAE c 8 jzf 6 wal Slees) |exseon000 5 34= 9.048 KN = thediameter fu, aE 2000(10,000) (200,000) 70% 200,000) D = 6.048mm 17K x176590Pa E = the Modulus of elastaty FL eo eee Ae c= _225xO.0008R%« & - 18.4 20mm B= elongation hedatead Bom ok . a = 0.001 (20,000) " 5 = 20mm ons 12) 19. D 277x204 5000 psi © = thestain s e = Seat Fi the load or force e - 49.8 x 10°(113-70) (. 6AE eo 277 x10% L 20.8 40sec (8) 2( Zp) |(eonocey ect (41000. . eae oa 5000 3 = 14.7 x10(10,000) (te-15) 32 33Poet 5000 Fo = 1918 24. © “795.401 F = theload or force 20 mm thick plate is fastoned by two bolts, 25 mm in diameter. ithe so. LF is ao subjected to 30KN tension, find the bearing stress in batts, * ap : or ©.25 MPa 4 = 20MPa 0.39 Pe F a 2000 = oS Problem oz i {2 aiven material, the modulus of elasticity is 15,000,000 psi tension 4) $6,000,000 in sheer. Determine te Poisson's rato for this material Fo = 726:508 be 000 0.0 028 0.050 25. 9148.73 psi Problem S = the stiess fcilat rod is 12.0 mm in diameter and gauge marks are ‘placed 60.60 apart. When subjected to an axial force of 35 KN, tis found thatthe nee between the gauge marks 1s 50.83 mm. Find themodulus of forthis material. ©. 258 GPa 0.258 GPa 6.0103 in D.0831 in i 620 wee | Passes Good fical load of 400 Ni acts at the end of = horizontal rectangular Ter SOT EE Guaiiers | Poor lever beam 2 m long and 25 mm wide, If the allowable bending &.6 190 MPa, find the depth of beam in min. mm 7 ©.40 mm mm D.43mm a belew Failed Very poor 34 356. Board Problem: An air cylinder has a bore of 25 mm and is op KPa: Find the push force exerted by the piston A. 244.N C.386N B. 304N D.412N Board Probiem a 4m cantilever beam, 2 15 KN weight is epplied at free end. If the lowable stress in beam is 120MPa, determine the section modulus. 0.005 m* €.0.0005 m? B 0.0070 m* B. 0.0046 m® 7 Board Proviem Whet load which cause a total deformation of 0.95 mm of s which has 2 cross-section area of 2581 min? and a length 2m. 206.785 GPa, AL W3S1KN ~ 6. 264.15 KN B. 275.22KN 1D. 909.22 KN, 13. Board Problem: ‘An 18 m rod is stretches to a strain 0.002. Determine the deflection of the rod. A 32mm ¢.39 mm B. 36mm 0.43 mm Board Probiem 8.1000 Ib force acts at the end of a 10 N. cantilever beam is 8 in®, How ‘much stress is induced? A. 12,000 psi ©. 18,000 psi B. 15,000 psi 1D. 21,000 psi 8. Board Problem A steel weighing 75,000 Nim* has an ultimate strength of 0.55 Mi ig the maximum length of stee! rod that could be hung vertical upper end without ru A 65m crm B 73m 0.98m Board Problem mpute the stress in a rectangular bar having @ cross-sectional {mensions of 40 mm by 30 mm when a tensile force of 20 KN is applied, 9 Board Problem What modulus of elasticity in tension is required to obtain deformation of 0.00105 from a load prodicing a unt tensil 48.37 MPa C.82.39NPe 45,000 psi? B. 53.64 MPa D.66.67 MPa A. 28020 MPa ©. 288.26 MPa 8B. 285.17 MPa D. 298.41 MPa Compute the stress in a round bar having a diameter of 10 mm and bjected to a direct tensile force of 3,500 N. 32.73 MPa ©.51.89MPa 44.56 MPa D. 58.13 MPa 40, Board Probiem rember if a machine structure Is subjected t. made from a steel tube having an outsi ineide diameter of 12 mm. Compute the tensile stress A. 31.83MPa ¢.36.48 MPa B. 34.75 MPa D.40.39MPa 1rd Problem ina packaging machine mechanism has @ square cross-section 40 in.on a side. tis subjected to a tensile force of 660 ib. Compute the 44, Board Problem ss in the link. ‘cable stee] has a length of 100 m and stretch to 8 cm when the 5875 psi C.6347 pst applied at both ends. If tensile stress is 0 psi, nd the m 5038 psi D. 6875 psi clastiy ofthe steal A. SI28MPa ©.7126MPa Problem B. 6303MPa : 0,893.4 MPa {luminum rod is made in the form of a hollow square tube, 2.25 in ‘Pulside with a wall thickness of 0.120 in. Its length is 16 in. Compute the 37 36‘axial force would cause the tube to shorten by 0,004.In.? Use E = 1 0.0.75 in 10° psi A 2856 lb ¢.37421b poerd Probiem B. 2813 Ib 1. 2968 Ib near sree in tne vet 19. Board Probiem fp Seis ©. 5281 ‘Compute the tors ress in a circular shaft with a ci D.€2 psi 50 mn-that is subjected to a torque of BOON. A. 21.79MPa 6, 30.12 MPa B 26.76MPa 0.32.59MPa 20. Board Problem ‘Compute the torsional ghear stress due to 2 torcue of 88 I circular shaft having a 0.40 in. diameter. A, 8235 psi ©. 7002 psi B. 8843 psi D. 7282 psi 21. Board Problem Compute the torsional shear stress in a solid ctcular shaft diameter i transmitting 710 hp at a speed of 56 A, $2281.94 psi ©, 4073.19 psi B. 35936.00 psi 1D. 50678.32 psi 22. Board Problem ‘Compute the torsional shear stress in a hotlow shaft with an ou diameter of 40 mmn and an Inside diameter of 80 rm when trans ©. 296.8 MPa B. 2897 MPa 0.3048MPa 23, Board Problem {hat can be the maximum load on the column, if the cross-sectior "44 in? and the compressive stress cannat exceed 200 pel? A. 23,400 Ib ¢.28,800 Ib 8. 25,3801 1D. 30,430 lb 24. Board Problem ‘A 100 in. long aluminum ber is subjected to a tensile Btress of 2 Find the elongation. Use E = 10 x 10° pst A, 0.2in 6.068 in 38 39Solution to “Jet 3 » e y e 20 MPa Pee etree oat 20 o.ae TO) = 20MPa s = o g = the Poisson's ratio = 2Gu41) 1,000,000 = 2(6,000,000)(u +1) = 028 ame i e ‘the modulus of elasticity boul 80.36 ~ 50.80 eo ecm Ee = 262,016 GPa the elongation Bo 8 = ek B= 0,00087(20)(12) 8 = O208in. b= thenneight 40 a oF 16(400)(2000) 25H ho = 3643mm F = thefoad orforee SAE ii, (0.95)(2581)(206 786.7) 2000 Fo = 253.81 KN L = the tength 8 ? 0.85x10° 75,000 Los 73m 295.42 MPa E = _ the modulus of elasticity 8 Ee - & 4aE+ = 29641MPa S = “thestress E Ho FOF) 2 4500 Zoe i S = 3183MPa = themaduus of sty sos & 50(0.101325)100,000) E47) E = e8saMPa Z = the section modulus 1000) 14. B 15,000 psi 42 oeong oo wove ene Bee 2.252.25)- 2.01 x2.01)Ag Pe eee 289.7 MPa ee Seance tone Si -= the torsiona stress i PB Fo= 25561 Tos OS 39. D 3259MPa 7 = 2yo0g900) SF" = the torsional stress 2( 560) ter T = 622222.22N.m S&F 5 a os = 5 = 1e{en0:1960) a =(60F co = tae S = 3259MPa (1.25) Se = 280.7 MPa 20. 7002.szpsi B= the fersional stress 28,9001 167 5 F = the force x Fo OSA ss = 4 F = 200(148) #04) Foo = 28,8001 se = 7002.82 psi a 2. A sa28i94psi . B= the torsional stress s eee = = 2500(100) 7 = Tesseooxtay & =." 79,000,900 2580) b= 028in T= 12978.68 inp eee ion oapst a pecan S = testes ss = MRS) es OE 1257 a Ss = $2281.97 poi 4750 s~« 2 22, B 289-7MPa og = thetorsionat stress oe ca! 45“Above 84% | Topnotchers Board Problem 22s ‘Very Good 7620 FOG STH Passers Good BAT 3010 6% Qualfies [Poor below Be below | Falled Very poor fod 46 8- foot diameter bar experiences a torque of 200ft.lb. What is the ‘iatmum shoar svess inthe bar? OA aot 6.47 tat B42 bit D.5.3 Ib? _ Boar Problem the rim of the wheel will produce a torsional shear stress of 10,000 pai? 431 Ib ©.736 tb 1.976 lb of the metal is tensile stress in PF and & =30 x 439 psi ©. 128,612 psi 536 psi D. 139,440 psi stress of $8 MPa and a shear stress of 231Pa are induced in a aterial whose allowable strength in straight tension is 7OMPa, the maximum tensile stress, 30 MPa 0.73.72 MPa 7.87 MPa 0.76.62 MPa diameter steel bar Is Icaded in doubl te load is found to be 100,000 ib. If the a7ameter of @ pin in single shear be? ©.0.792in D.0.812in, ‘hydraulic cylinder is operated by oll at a pressure of 200 bars. The inder bore is 200 mm. Find the push force exerted by the piston in Newton's, 372,432.77 at 6, Board Problem = See . S57 az 7 N ‘A steel bar, Initaly fee of stess, Is held between rigid si : Determine the stress In the ber ifthe temperature diops 190 °F. ce * 7. Board Problem 6.5.x 10° inline, E = 30 x 10° psi A. 20,750 psi ©. 31317 psi B. 25350 psi D. 36725 psi [A concentic load of 88,960 N is applied to a hanger having a cross- ‘Sectional area of 1082. mm. What isthe anal stress inthe hanger? A 72MPa ¢.38MPa 73MPa D.95 MPa Detormins the torque that can be applied to 2 1-n, diameter circu ifthe shearing stress isnot to exceed 8000 psi i ©. 1871 Ibn 0.1781 tbin Board Problem ‘A member having a length of 4.9 m and a cross-sectional area of 1548.4 mm? is subjected to a tensile force of 133.4 KN. If E = 103 GPa, how much does this member elongate? 2mm, c.bmm 4mm. D.8 mm 1p and the thickness of th ‘Ain, How much shearing stress is induced? A. 4244.13 psi 0. 6749.36 psi B. 5679.12 psi 1. 8844.13 psi termine the diameter of 2 stee! rod that will carry a tensile toad of 3,000 kg at a stress of 1400 kgiom’. A 8320m C.7.78em Board Problem 874.0m D. 9.38 0m Find the force needed to punch a 10 mm hole in a 1.8 mm st Assume thatthe ultimate shearing stress is 500 MPa. A, 18,283.47 N ©. 23,661.94 N 8. 20,739.42N 2.26.431.16N Board Problem A solid steel shaft transmits a torque of 110 N.m, The allowabie| ‘trees Is 40 MPa, Calculate the minimum diameter, A. 20mm ©. 28 mn B. 24mm D. 32mm ‘castiron base carries an avial load of 1000 KN. Permissible stress is MPa, Calculate the cross-sectional area 10,260 mm? ©. 18,362'mn® 12,600 mom? D. 18,736 mm? 48 4317. Board Problem 4 Celoulate the compressive stress of a sign board support with a load 453 kg. A hollow cylinder Is used with an outside diameter of 12.7 cm ay thickness of 2 om. D. 0.86898 in round stee! tension member 55 2 ~ ong is subjected to @ maxim A. 4.38 kglemt ©. 16736 mn? 7100 Ib, What shout bes cameter th toll bngaton Inet B. 6.74 kgicm’ D, 12.16 kgfom 16d 0.030 in? gation is not to 418, Board Problem < qi aH a ‘A load of 20,000, N is suspended vertically from 2 steel rod having cross-sectional area of 300 mm, The length of the steel rod 180m. it weighs 77 KNim® with a modulus of elasticity of 200 GF Determine the total elongation of the steel rod. A. 56.48mm 6. 68.24 mm B. 6039mm 2.74.96 mm A vertical load of 400 N acts at the end of a horizontal rectangular “antlever beam 2 m long and 25 mm wide. If the allowable bending im, . 48.33 mm 0. 50.21'mm 19. Board Problem ‘A steel rod with a cross-sectional area: of 256 mm? is to be alta! between fo fixed points 3m apar dis too short by 0.20 mm, the stress applied to part the rod back to fiiness. A 1379MPa ©. 18.38 MPa B. 1529MPa 0.18.38 MPa Giareter wie is used in chain nk Th i trie Inkster Wet nd can the cain sfey spor zaSN C.976N STN D, 1065N 20. Board Probiem fcontfagal pump is 10D aren by a 8p sete eto at 17 ‘her shold bo he dete othe pump ahot ithe srs i 5, A. 0.36846 in. C. 0.5679 in. ‘ 3. oaveain 0.0.7452 21. Board Probien ‘What is the length of a beating for a4 in. shaft if the load on the bes is 6400 [b and the allowable bearing pressure is 200 psi of the Proje area? A 4in. Cain B 6in D. 10% 22, Board Problem 3 iow short compression member of normalized cast stee! with 8 to support a load of 1800 ibs with a factor imate strength. Determine the outside dia A. O.113in, . 50 54, 2 4 fs Solution te Test 4 Sn + [ex8 nec ‘Thy 52 erie fee Beane eres tHte-et a cao ee feces Ss fe 8.692 in. Let Bianca: Ba eecae ee ne mee Se = 63.7 ksi Fo = theforee eeesH D'S, i tee 6 Ses : Parente #(1.5)9(10,000) Sa = 15.98 ksi 3 Fs eeneine n= fe F Z x ie 210828. Ae ge 5 = Rosoam Be A = 0.376 in? ae i 6 pe ites 3D 139,440 psi Gor - 0.376 rmal stress mi Ba 0.692 in. s = 8. = 8 = 5.6 x 10°(30 x 10 §} (900-70) 25350 psi S =. 136,440 psi Sos the then 7 stress sos aE te 8 Mpa . rae Sos Bsn 100% 10 53930) Sm = ‘the maximum tensile stress s = 26350 psi 52 53we as7zintt TO 1 oe tT oe tos 4244-23 pa S. = the shearing stress Site ne ef 10,000 as Ee #(1.5)(0.50) S =) 2aa.tSpst a3is0294N F =the force Pee eeeedien F = 500(R}(10)(1.5) F = 23.561,94N 24mm S.-=_- the torsional shear stress ter S oF = =o woe 758101000) aoy B= 24mm the fore BA (200 x 100,000) 5 yf 2my \Aao0, 62831853 N the stress F a 28.960 10823 86 MPa the elongation foe ea 198,400(4,900) 7648.4(103,000) © 4mm the diarnetor 5545. D xx2.4mum 6.74 kglom? De = ‘the outside diameter aoe £ the tote elongation by + & A = 5003900 140x10° A = 0.00357 m* Bot aoe 20,000(180)(i000) DB = Do 0.2005 ‘2(200,000,000) 300(200x108) DO 7 ct 06.24 mm Ae 3 [22-0.200.)"] ooosr= — F(os60.4) Be = 240mm the sires $e 38. B 12,500 mm T sy 0.101325 A= toate xenon 2228828) ae 3a Fae 13.79 MPa AL e 1o0,000 = : A = 12,500 mm* the diameter 27.8 674 kg/em? . & Bel oe 15433,000«12) ao oe (2x(1750) SF 540.217 nb ser asec a 8716(640.217) A(D*) 0.26856 i. the length e pO 6400 20044) Bin era the diameter Pee EA 7000(68) FOr (a0x10") 58 o738in the height ont bh* the force 6(400)(2000) 25 38.43 mm Above 84% “Topnatchers Wie | Passes Ged wrwesa% | Gualiters | Poor ‘oie below | Failed ‘Vary poor 59CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFT Main Shaft is the shatt receiving its power from the engine or motor ‘and transmitting power to other parts. Line Shaft js a chafi used to transmit power from a central source to dividual machines. ‘Transmission Shast 's the shaft transmitting power between the source and the machines absorbing the power. Shast is 2 rot cr stationary membér having a circular cl section much jameter than the sheft length and hi ‘mounted on it su: nemiting elements as pulleys, ges belts, chains cams, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and rolling elem bearings. ‘Machine Shaft isthe shaft used as an integral part of the machine I ‘Aate's 2 stationary member of primarily loaded in bending with gears, 38 and wheels rotating on t. spindle is a shaft or short axles on machine, ‘Countershaft is a secondary shaft that is driven by @ main shaft and ‘fom wich power is supplied to a machine part. " Jackshaft is a countershat, especially when used as an auniliary shaft between two other shafts. Head shaft is the shaft driven by a chain and mounted a the delivery nd of a.chain conveyor. It serves as the mount for a sprocket which ves the drag chain, z 5 the power transifitted D = the shaft diameter N= the rotative speed 80° = the constant value Shafts Carrying Putiey Where: P=” the power transmitted D “= the shaft diameter N= the rotative speed 53.5= the constant value 2+ For Small, Short Shasts and Counter Shafts“ the power transmitted the shat diameter the rotetive speed the constant value the power transmitted the rotative speed ‘outer most fiber . Bure Flexural o Rending Stress (Solid) Miner: Mi the bending moment Pare Torsional Stress (Hollow) = the bending moment the bending moment the shaft diameter the maximum tensile stress the maximum shearing stress = the twisting moment 42, Combined Torsion and Bending Considering Shock and Fatigue Factors = the bending moment = the shaft dismeter = the maximum tensile stress the maximum shearing stress the twisting moment the numerical combined shock and fatigue factor to be applied in every case to the ‘computed bending moment 63Kz = the numerical combined shock and fa factor to be applied in every case to the computed torsional moment ‘Shock And Fatigue Factors For Shafts ‘Nature of Loading ky Ko || | i | i ‘Stationary Shaits ~ q Gradually Abela bade Ta 10s Suddenly Anpied Loads 45-20 45-2 i "Rotating Shale o | 0 Constant [ ‘Gradually Applied or Steady Loads [is 1.0: : Load ~ | } ‘Suddenly Applied Loads Minor Shock Ony | 75-20 | 75-2 Ee | BEES ‘Suddenly Applied Loads, Heavy Shocks 20-3.0 [15-3 + 2 Constant | Constant | “Linear 43, Vertical Shear 4 : Shear Be : | 7 Linear | Linear . | Parabolic | us 4 Moment 4, the angular deforma Se | ee she torave : the length 4 . | 0 Constant | Linear the diameter : tho module of clas Load I 415, Angular Deformation (Hollow Siatt) a 4 bE bia othe angular deform: 1 ; 7 pe ee | Constant | Linear | Parabolic | Shear aa, | - Linear Cubic 3 Moment — . d 64‘6. ME Board Find he tai of 3 ia poner taming shat a im transmit 100 kw at 400 rpm, ae ate miler 0.78 D. 84 ME Board What | in watt » x. ME Board ower in watt would @ short shaft 40 mm in diameter [A torque of 3142 foot-pounds is applied to one end of a solid’ ‘at the other end. ‘The maximum ©. 12,400 shearing st 27,780 ‘A. 2500 psi (©. 3000 pst fe B. 3500psi D. 9142 psi eee ‘Compute the outside diameter Sic in mm of 3 main _-Sansmitting SAE low carbon i 500 enntng ccarbon stea! shaft to transmit 200 kw at 800 A a7 2. MERoard im SAE 4340 steel 6 In, diameter by 24 in. tong shatting 187.3 kgs. How about the weight in lbs of ar AISI 1020 ae c.67 aft on the same dimension? D.77 A, 173.5 Ibs 6. 192.6 los : B, 182.3tbs D. 2175 lbs ‘ME Board Compute for the diameter of a tk jameter of a line. shaft to transmit 25 hp in 3. MEBoard peed of 225 rpm design stress is 6 ksi ina Detemine the power transmited by @ main power trensmiting oo cheat ‘toe! shaft with 27/8 inches in outside dierneter. SAE 1040 J iiage .00 in D..4,00 in driving conveyor head pulleys at a shaft speed of 160 rpm. A. 45hp ©.55 hp Doone ata B. sOhp D.60 ho. ine the diameter in inches of a SA‘ in nsmit 20 hp at 200 rpm, Seema 4. ME Board 125 6.2.00." Design the safe diameter for a powor transmitting shat 10 5 D180 ‘ransmit 30 hp at a shaft speed of 180 rom. 0.3.25 0.2.98 5. ME Board ‘What would be the diameter in millimetere of a main power C.3.48%m, transmitting steel shaft SAE 1040 to tranemit 100 KW at 600 rom? in nest A. 6&7 c.76 B47 0.86 66 6742, ME Board Compute for the diameter of a stee! long shaft t 18. ME Board 120 rpm, The allowable torsional deflection ‘Compute for the torsional deflection in degrees for a 3 7/8 in. OD length x 48 in. long steel shaiting which is subjected to 28,000 in.to A 225 0.3.00 _ twisting moment. Use a torsional modukis of elasticity of 8. 275 0.325 _ 12,000,000 psi A029 6.0.38 33. ME Board Bost 0.0.36 ‘Compute for the, power transmitted by a journal shaft 58 mm Z diameter at a speed of 360. 9. ME Board A 89 Determine the torsional deflection in degrees of SAE 1040 steet -shafiing of 120 mm in diameter and 1.4 m long aubjected fo 6 |wisting moment of 3,000 Nm. The torsional modulus of elasticity 24, ME Board is 80,000 MPa. Compute for the A 1285 * 6. 4.480 transiting SAE 1010 steal shat B. 0148 i 0.285 A 4t B St 20.ME Board ‘Aline shaft having a diameter of 2 Inches rotates at 180 rpm and 15, ME Board having maximum torsional deflection of 0.08 degreeift length. What will be the ultimate fength of @ 5-Inch diameter steel shat Find the horsepower developed. subjected to 28,000 ind twisting moment to reach the maxim, Am + 6.38 allowable angular deflection 0.08 degreatt. length. Use torsior B30 D.48 modulus of elasticity of 12 « 10° Ibi’. A. 312in. ©.387in 24.ME Board Bosh D. 48.7 in, “Compute for the diameter in inches of a SAE 1030 steel shaft to twansmit 12 hp at’ 120 rpm with torsional deflection below 0.08, 6, ME Board degreetfoot length as required. ight of 4" X 4" x 8 plain carbon steel is 652 A278 c.2% weight of a high chrome abrasion resistant steel of same B25 D238 gs? A 513 ©. 296 Ss var Board B, 592 0. 355 Determine the diameter of the chain driven power transmitting steel shatt to transmit 200 hp at 400 rpm, 17.ME Boara A 4 c3 Compute for the diameter of a power trensmiting shaft B 258 Dan rilireters to transmit 200 kw at 600 spm. A 48 84 los Me moar 8 68 0.96 Find the diameter of e SAE 1040 fine shaft to transmit 10 kw at 120 mpm with a torsional deflection not exceeding 0.26 68 “69dogree/ieter length of 0.08 degree/foot length. Shaft allowable stress is 8000 psi oar eee olution to “Feat S 3 comm Dm €. 3000 psi + 24.MEBoara Determine daeter of stool ine shaft from Machnot/’® Handbock ‘speed of 300 rpm with 2 torsional deflection nc O-s 0.29/T dogreoreet length i GnapE Of teers Rn D oa (Sania 3 300m Davin 2 = 400m 25. ME Board From osonal eng equton Determine the ho etd bya pair of fton whee Spo tostonel shears wath a eving ves 12, revolves at 240 rp Th s = face width of the wh iven a forcefinch width of face aD 200 and the coefficient of fiction at 0.20 thus C= 0.00032 = tetaaxt2) 32> D222 ; (4.0)" Ef aa Sos 3000 psi © 9251s Wo. = the weight 2206s = 873Kgx w O73 kg tke Woe 10288 A 4shp P= thepower = DN eee Bor (22) (150) Pos 8. 80 P= | aBhp D 238m D’ = thoshatetamotr 70 1p= fee N the shaft kameter p= 380080 ez 780 N D = 238i 200 (cra) afar. 5A o7mm 300 D = theshaft diameter 2.9028 in. x24 fee in. = fe 7mm (100 0 ears 660 Do = erm the torque transmitted D =” theshattaiameter p= for Ww 700 oe: Psi the diameter \“400 (ror D = 29029%n Vass D = 7mm Rerroosas) {i668 83) 2 A 23,132 watts Y m(6000) P= thepower tanemttos oe oN PeEeeeeHee sy (comma (200) eae Bam the olameter Es [Bee P= soasenpx ena N P= 23,132 watts 555020) 1.75 in, 72 731.B 2.75in i * From Machinery’ Handbook bawcdees! ameter Lid rah a " L = the length of the shaft d= af Solving for & D = + 274in. a = 008 Le ye0° eB 275ia @ = 0001398 rac From Machinery’s Handbook ‘Solving for polar moment of inerti D = the shaft diameter dials ee _ Do pee eee eee “a Dos B sei 2, Dos a J = 0.00295906 in* Be nkw ‘Substituting the valves isbtestatteetesstaiasfekaiidennh seiesese sole _ oN ae eee PH EEE ee Lo = 306 12 (Ee }co pee 25.4, Loos 967in. 38 P= 6.18hp x TBI itt Bee ge W = thewoiht tation chrome abrasion isan tg -c 6xmm Woo 682ibsx an [aor = 2.205ibs p= -3f80F Woo= 206Kg Vw oy 100.) 7. 84mm ¢laras o = | {Re D = shaft ameter 75 74(2 (180) 58 are pie D . 3.29in, 288mm “i _ >= mm ore ane is 029 Ea = the torsional defection (-2%e[ 290008 ib - & eacotaame le 0°: 8 aa wo eo (z8.000\48)_, 160 525.21 fib = i 3) the shi ometer 7 of = Ga <5 |E(12.000,000) fore 70/32 o. = 2.604in a 22 in 4 ee (9000)(1.4) . Ny )/1000mm a) the shaft diameter a= ; 20.8 27 p= the power tranemited ON Pat ees. the torque transmitted 76 i 7Tos Fee Tos a » T= (200!\sinysinyo20) To = | 720in.b tT es P + the horsepower transmitted " - Pp - 227N eae Pos 2n(720)(atoneh)( 5 Je (ray (z10rg) (35 sa) Pos 274hp dD = i . ‘Topnotchers Dos 16-20 TOS Re Passers Good 26 A 2agin. a7 30 68% | Gualiiers | Pear iz | A850 a 5 T = thetorque transmitted et 49% below | Faiied Very poor Hee (20no)(s9 000, 2e(a00e) min T= 380.141 Rub Sowing for diameter based on D = the shatt diameter ere fae toe DF aay Waa? SO (pools a car os ee T= the torque 78 796. MEBoara ‘What power inv kw would a 2 inches diameter short shaft transmit ‘at 500 rpm. The torsional modulus of elasticity is at +2,000,000 Psi. A 53 c.65 8. 58 0.78 (ME Board 7. ME Board Compute for the diameter in inches of a conveyor head pulley SAE 4130 solid steel shaft being driven by a 20 hp drive motor through a gear reducer with 120 rpm output. The torsional Compute for the torsional deflection in degrees of a 110 mi diameter, 1.4 m long shaft subjected to a twisting moment of 2) 10° Nammn. The torsional modulus of elasticity is 63,000 MPa. A 027 6.0.20 deflection is 0.06 degrees/foot of shat length and the modulus of B, 0.34 0.0.24 alasticity is 30 X 10° psi in tension. A. 225 C275 ‘ME Board B. 250 D.3.26 Find the torsional moment in Newton-meter developed.when @ shatt delivers 20 kw at 200 rpm, ME Board A, 088x 10° £.1.20% 10° Compute for the diameter of an overhead crane travel shaft that Be 1.0x 10° > D.240x 108 transmit 10 hp of the electric motor at gear reduced rpm of 160 ‘and with {orsional deflection of 0.08 degift of shaft length. ME Board A1% c.2518 ‘Compute for the twisting moment in inp developed wihen Ih shaft delivers 20 hp at 1200 rpm. 3 BO 2% D.3% A 1166 ©, 1080 ME Board Bot 0. 645; Find the diameter of & SAE 1030 line shaft for 20 ft overhead crane travel drive at 180 rpm. The drive motor used is 10 hp. The ae udea: torsional modulus of elasticity ofthis shaft is at 11.5 10" psi within Find the torsionel defiection in degrees of a solid stec! shat, 14 mm OD 4.4 m fong subjected to 3.1 x 10° N.mm, The torsion ‘modulus of elasticity s 80,000 MPa. torsional deflection within the 0.08 degree per foot length limit, c.1.75in D227 in A. 022 ©.028 B. 0.195 D.0.24 teel shaft transmits 200 ME Board bp et 400 rpm. The ultimate strength of the shaft material is 110 ‘A short shaft transmits 200 hp at 300 rpm. Determ) diameter of the shaft in inches. AS ca B 2 Da ksi and modulus of etasticity is 30 x 10" psi. A. 2% C.3% B. 2718 D.3 7/18 at18. ME Board Find the torsional deflection in degrees of a solid steel shaft 110 long, subjected to 3.1 X 10° N.mm, The torsional v1 hp at a speed of 15.7 radi/sec. The material 8 Is 8.5 ksi ©.A.75 D.200 ME Board ‘Compute the speed of the gear mounted in a 62.5, mm diamete shaft recalving pawer from a prime motor with 250 hp. A. 2182 rpm B. 2081 cpm ©, 2265 mpm ©. 2341 pm tpm. The nature of the load and the type of service Is such thet ME Board I counter shaft is 1% Inch in diameter and has Je stress of 8500 psi, Find the horsepower delivered the chaft at a speed of 15.7 radisec. A 720 6.13.94 B 140 D.14.72 ME Board ‘Tho shaft is subjected to a st stress of 10,000 psi. Compute the diemeter of the said shaft inches, A 178 os B. 2% D.2% 82 solid shaft transmitting 75 hp at 1800 ‘7. ME Board A 46 ft steel line shaft has no bending action except its own ‘weight. What power in hp can the shaft deliver at a speed of 200 rpm. Consider that the torsional deflection will not exceed 0.008/f of length. A 32 B. 158 c.244 0.146 ME Beara ‘The torsional deformation of a SAE 1040 steel shaft is to0.8°ina length of 14 mater. The. shear stress is 69 MPa. Compute the diameter of the shat in mitmeer. Stel modulus of easly in shear is 79,300 MPa, A 50 c.82 B52 D.75 ME Board Ifthe weight of 6 in, diameter by 48 in, long SAE 1030 shafting is 174.5 kg, then what vil be the weight of chromium SAE 51416 of same size? ©. 428.4 Ibs : 1. 465.1 Ibs ME Board ; Determine the tocque reosived by the motor shaft running at 4250 ‘om, trensmiting 11 hp, through @ 10 in. diameter, 20° involutes gear. The shattis supported by bal beerngs at both ends and the sear i fired atthe miccie of in shat length. A. 163ini0 ©. 432 ino 8. i87inib 138 ino ‘ME Board Determine the estimated volume of a %* x6" X 20’ steei plate. A. 1809 in® ©. 4709:in® B. 1490 in? 1D. 1080 in lo @ spindle 5S mm in dlameter transmit at 480 wed for short shaft is 58 Nim? C.61.37 kw D. 39.21 kw 8323, 24, ‘ME Board Coripute the power transmitted in Hp by the shaft olating 1200 j rpm and subjected to torsional moment of 1200 Nm. : A 202 ©. 180 B. 252 Dim ME Board, ‘Compute the line shaft diameter to transmit £2 hp at 180 rpm wi torsional deflection of 0.08 degrees per ft length. A. 3.0in 53 in. B. 20in ME Board, ‘Compute the nominal shear stress at the surface in MPa for 2 mm digmeter shaft that transmits 750KW at 1500 rem. Axia bending loads are assumed negligible. Torsional shearing ste 1s 28 MPa, A 218 B. 312 ©.232 ©. 360 Solution to Test 6 te torsional detection ae ie {sx10*)¢1400) alto (83,000) 180° (0.00352 rad rad 020° the torque transmitted He aN 20{e10*)- 2 80 0.9649929 X 10° Nmm th trae tensmiteg . ai 203.000) ‘2(1200) ‘oso in the torsional deflection Th wo 85(e-v0t}(400) 190 Zieway G20) 022° the shail diameter =| 28(200) 7 300 = 2.00in = © the power transmitted oN =e (a eeo0) = 108.26 np x® 748kw hp = 18kw = thetorque =. 875,35 fubs Solving for the shaft emetor D 2 the oa diameter (Zee 86 D = 848in. or 3.25 in 7 = the torque P = 25TN to = Battts0) 000072) T = 4201.69in.b song {or the shaft diameter = the shaft diameter > = [ou {ao > 01802) * 1 Jecotane) (v2x0") o = 288in.0r28 in, = the torque = 2aTN Solving forthe shat stameter the shaft diameter D. = 873 = fF serait) D = [texesar08) 500.08 * (8500) {Hoon ) ; Ds t8oin D = 227imor24in 1.6 mosrom e N = the rotatve speed wnad woe De D = the shaft diameter i 20(250) 3 - oe ‘easy NW 264) ‘ = 80500) N = + 2265 pm 400 5 > = S42inor 9 wc a5 im © a. © 022 t = thetorque it iz P = oa @ = ud © Bi r =. 2626. 8 7 Solving forthe shaft diameter D = thediemeter ° - D = ft tes 6 7 ia = /t6(2825.056) 2B 150 4) x(6000) 5 = > = iSin r 15in i = asthe : - N = > the rotalve speed * = 18:7x60 1 = 2 D = the diameter N = 1801p fier 7 - P = the power tranemited 88 892 09208 OW oe eeme - = - 16 7 (158180) T = 1a.see0* : = 30 Solving forthe sheft diameter P = 1382hp 3 = the diameter Th D 2% in peeeeeec 36 6 36 . = 7 135400°(5) iB : oa %) See PPE 76, = 30*(79.300) 5 a D = 0.0625m 5 = 23mm D = 2636in xD 146 384.8105 From Machinery's Handbook te fee vo w z 22005 08 . = 1748 tg x2.208 8 b =the diameter _ Sore rn o = (8) isin : D = 230%n T = the torque tranemited From Machinery's Handbook T = fo} aN = (2)a 7 i a 3) + hoxs3,000 AS y2i2- Hp =the horsepower yo. SE ene rev eget 2/35 ano) up = (232) 00) tov in 48) T = 1832inib Hp = 148 rote in 38.0 62 v = the volume T = the torque v = otxwee Sst v= ar6in.x6in.x20rt x12 T eer] 2 f v = 1980 in 90 1‘Solving for torsionel stress Pp = the power tranemitied ow we Ss = the torsional stress 0 tolerant) oo (40° S = 320 MPa Bane. 8 kw e = 12824hp x0.746 (ssi) (680) Pp =) 95.67 kw 21-25 Above 84% ‘Topnotchers | Very Good - Tie | Passers | Good Poi itHioe TN BIee% = -2% 22 200nmy{ 12008 2 : Pp = an She | 1200 | Bo: below Ai below ‘hp Hl e += 190796.447 welts x sae as the power transmitted Poor] Very poor] Pp = 20214bp 24,0 1.53ine D = theclameter T = the torque o Dali __750 1500) 2a = | 4.7746 KN = 4.7746 x 10° N.mm 92 93Types of Key 4, Square key is @ machine key of square, usvally uniform but sometimes tapered, cross-section. . Flat Key is used where the weakening of the. shaft. by the koyway is serious, . Round Key is used for fastening cranks hand wheels and other parts that do not transmit heavy torques, Barth key is a square key with botiom two corners beveled. Woodruff key is widely used in the automotive and machine too! industries. Gib-Hoad Taper key is a special gib-head to faciltate easy diving and removal of the head. Saddle key is used without a keyway in the shaft usuelly ft. Feather key is ane that allows the hub to move along the shaft bbut prevents rotation of the shaft. Kennedy key is a square key fitted into a keyway of square section and driven from opposite ends of the hub. 0. Sunk key is provided half in the keyway of the shaft and half in the keyway of the hub of! 1. Pin key is a cylindrical pin placed in a cylindriéal groove in the shaff and hub. '2. Tangent Key is fitted in palr af right angles. !t Is to withstand torsion in one direction only, Kay is 2 machine member efnpioyed at the inteffece ofa mating male and female circular cross-sectioned members to p relative angular motion between these mating. Keyway is a female mating member that forms a groove in the a to which the key fits, : the shearing stress the width of key the length of key the force the shaft diameter the torque the compressive stress the height of key, 94the length of key the shaft diameter the torque the force adore 2. Width For Square And Flat Key: When They Are Made Of The Same Materiat D . =" the shaft diameter 4, Length For Key: ‘When They Are Made Of The Same Material Where: Lo = thelength of key D = the shait diameter TES 20 = ° the length of Kéy = the shat diameter. Splines are permanent keys made integral with the shaft and fting | into keyways broached into the mating hub. It is recommended when: the poner transmitted is two high that three keys are not enough. the length of key the number of splines ot diameter the torque 2. Based on compression between the splines and the Where: 8 the compressive stress the force the area the length of spline the height of key the mean radius number of spines torque outenuen 4gpores the torque the force To = thetorque Ny = the number of splines 97B. 48,398 in.ios D. 54,140 in.bs Determine the torque based on corn; : on comeeste sess orth An setaopinte Creates be B. 58,2902 in.os D. 65,289, A. Board Probiem A key is to be designed for a 12.7 cm shaft, which wil transmit power 0 150 KW at 360 rpm. ifthe allowable shear stress for the. key is $20 kgiem?, the allowable compressive stress 1s 1200 kg/em®, the width of key is 3.175 om and height is 2.22em. | 8. What torque transmitted by the shaft? ©.62,189 in.be D.58,278 Seven 9. Find te tre that canbe cle by the oes ie Asa rTe be m8 bee D479 8. 37,163 intos ‘ D. 48,398 2. Determine the force in KN, A 6266 .67.29 B. 84.29 D.69.26 |. What is the safe torque in.ibs? A. 48,398 inibs B. 63,289 in.bs. Gieaste nes D. 68,356 3. What is the length of key based on the allowable shearing stress? hoard Problem A. 24.87 mm ¢.29.18 mm ‘A rectangular key used in a pull fetoe 53 wiht 5.5183 mm pulley connected to a line shatt with Power of 7.46 kw at a speed of 1200 of 1200 rpm. tf the ‘the shaft and key are 30 Nimm? and 240 Nimm?, wearing stress of the lengtn of key based on the allowable compressid@ “47. Find the torque in Nimm, A. 404mm ¢.31.83 mm Ai Peome nae 8. 4780mm 0.86.28 mm 8. 62,990 Nam 5.68.60 Ninn 5, What eal force to remove the hu fom the shaft the coe Whetis the diameter ofthe shat? icon is 0.457 s A 163mm ©. 2 38.40 KN ©. 83.27 KN cts un 24.6 mim 8.” $8.27 KN 0.67.38 KN 0.25.4 mm at force in Newtons? B. Board Problem 5 ‘fore ‘pulley is Keyed to 8 2% inches diameter shatt by a 7/16 Inch a: 5074 c.6.188 5/8 inch by & inches fat Key, The shaft rotates at 60 rom. 0.7,290 allowable shearing stess for the key és 22 xsi, The etemrkie we viet o compressive stress for the key, hub arid shaft are 66 38am key. ‘and 72 ksi, respectively - Goazmm ©. 48mm mim 6. Determine the torque based on sheating stiess forthe Key. Saving the ength of A. 44,288 inibs ©, 61,562 in.ibs perma 98 C, 6.32 mm 99BL 482mm D.6.29mm D. Board Problem ‘Aline shaft with a power of 100kw at 2 speed of 1200 rpm. hae rectangular Key used in ite pulley connection, Consider ‘shearing stress of the shaft to be 40 Nim” and the key to bs A. 5389kg B. 8239%9 Nimm*, kgicm”? AD 1855199 1, Délemine ne torque wansmtes @ 168.2009 A 795,775 New 6.810.209 Nm 8. 802,78 Nem De27.288 Nanm 25, what fore ating atthe pully i wl ithe strength of east ons 6 47, What is the diameter of the shaft? A 1.279 kg 765 ko 289mm ©9827 mn 8 r2serig 8. 28.8 mm 46.82 mn 418. What foree in Newton acting on the key? A. 34,139N 6. 42,966 N B. 98,176 N 0. 45,298 N. 419, Find the width of key. A 8377 mm B. 11.65 mm 20. Determine the lenath of key. A. 12.39mm B 1465mm D. 18.48 mm shaft are SAE 1030 steel annealed 21. Whatis the equivalent shearing stress of 29,000 pst in kg/m A 16.23 ¢.2087 a B. 18.69 0.2437 22. What force acting on the key based on shearing stress? = A. 101,737 kg ©. 115,289 kg B. 112,936 ko 1D. 118,378 kg 400 28. What force acting at the pulley, li shear the key? 24, What force acting on the key if compressive stress is 6765 ©. 7,894 kg D. 9,538 kg ©. 170,268 kg D. 189,378 kg Ish the cast iron keyway in compression? ©. 14,398 kg 1. 18,811 kg262.66) T0132 1200, \0.0222) Solution te Jest 7 088 ae 00479 m _ oan 47.90 mm T= thetorgue Breteler ed a ‘the axial force to remove the hub from the T = aa shaft 2a 2D AO 0 2(0.48)(62.60) T = 3.98 KN S6.4KN 2A tne Fo =the force the torque based on shearing stress of key é og S,DLW Fe pL 206.98) 22,000(2.5) ai) f oa O02) g Fo = 62566KN z 51,562.5inibs > A 2167mm L = _tholongth of key based on allowable shearing stress the torque based on compressive sess of eee key L > sw $.DLh L at 6266 4 eal SEC, 08,000(2.5 229 : : 5635" 008178) (2-5) L = 0.02187 m a LE Stare 84.140.8n. > 4B 4790mm L=__thelength of key based on allonabie the torque bosed on torsional stress of shat comprensive sees accuming tat Key and shaft are made of 7 the same material cee s.r0* 18 102 103oD 2c T Os TOO 49,398 ind i T = _ the torque based on allowable compressi sss forthe hub 4 S.DLA TOs + rr) 59,000(2.6)(3)' 7 Peer 6. a T 48,398 in Ib aaceins a6 74¢ jn “The sate torque is the smallest torque which is 48,998 59,365 Nama the torque transmitted asia Ban 46 2a 59,365 N.mm the force acting on key ah . 104 5.497 the length of key Fr we 5497 54(240) 4.24 mn 795,775 Nam the torque transmitted(2)-4@ = theforee acing on key (oe ae eee / ; Fo F | sonra 28) = 2798775) Ff sik yey, pene ee es80kg f= SI9N . it 19 B 12.65mm ‘the force acting on key based on w = the width of key for the seme material protedaraits iesiems woe 2 2 i en?) wo = these fg (1 ores! 2.187) | aa item) 20.8 x465mm [AF etength atkey : : : ; 1868194 ree eee esa 3 eee) ‘ HC 8) / foes acting on pulley rm bated on Sete ee : compress sens ac s047 : Se = the shearing stress ; vont, 2 = 29,400 psix—_— 2 x 7 P57 ps “Foomme z kg. se = nor, mam 22,A 104737kE HIB sow eae | Gualifers | Poor ‘49% below Failed Very poor | ‘force acting on key based on shearing stress S.WL 87 (28.1375) 37 kg F = the force acting on pulley rim based on shearing siress 406 107Flange Coupting |s the most common coupling. Ithas the advantage ‘of simplicity and fow cost but the connected shafts must be accurately aligned to prevent severe bending stresses and excessive wear in the bearing Collar Coupling ‘ends of the two coll half ofthe collar cont ts of @ cylindrical collar pressed over the shafls being connected, approximately.one 19 each shafts Shain Coupling consists essentially of two chain sprockets ‘connected with a short continuous fength or oller of sitent chain. Coupting a mechanical device tat used ‘ foo tit 6 used for unt preci pate fares aye The cupig cna OF ferent pes. such 0 F6 cooing to oa id covping, Hole Flexible Disk, Coupling refers to stoci, leather, fabric. or plastic ‘material bolted at alternate points to the two flanges. ‘oldhain Coupling can be employed for connecting two parallel > shafts with axial eocentilcities from zero to a reasonable amou (Gear Type Coupling provides for angular and axial flexibility (@ © : j tirdenie oselie oer cal a hd euprg, pie a ito | stn er ca empl seonpr ets Universal Joint a linkage that transrmits rotation between two shafts = whose axes are coplénar but not coinciding. Note: Calculations of coupling-design is based on the aeoumption shatts are perfectly or accurately aligned so thet bending loads ere negligible, Therefore, coupling problems are analyzed fF forsion only. The usual problem is to determine the safe power, which can be transmitted by the flange ‘coupling such as: shearing of the key, compression of the key. shearing’ ofthe “bolts between the flange faces and =. o6inpressicn between the bolts and the flange. Types of Coupling Rigid Couplings are permanent cou; which by vite constusion have essenay no ogee esti : ares of argulr alo oat flexibility; they must be used with , ore a rg ru using, tange cou coupe, clamp coping ard sit cooing lamp coupling, compression’ Flesible Couplings used to connect two shafts and te sccommada their misatgnment. Examples: busned pin type coupling, univers ‘coupling and Oldham coupling. : 108 109Calculations For The Safe Torque 4. Based on shearing of the key = the torque = the shearing stress D. = the shaft diameter = the: wicth of the key = the length of the key n key & the keyways ‘A fiange coupling connects two Zinches dis flanges are fitted with 6 botts of SAE 1040 st circle, The shaft runs at 200 rpm and transmits 45 hp. Assume a factor of safety of 5, ultimate tension of 70,000 psi, and ultimate shear of 65,000 psi = the torque = _ compressive stress = the shaft diameter = thickness of the key = the length of the key ransmitted? tween the flange faces 6.9823, inibs D. 9,992.8 inibs i the total force transmitted Pees A. 2017ibs. ©.2274 tos Fs =the shoarng free 8. 2127s 0.2701 bs Due = boltcircle diameter See Determine the force per bolt Dp = A, 960 ibs 6.450 bs Ny = theno. of bott B. 400 Ibs D. 500 Ibs Find the diameter of bolts required. A Kin B %in the bolts & the flange How thick shouid:the fange be? A. 0.44in ©.0.24in 8, O48in D.0.26in the torque Board Problem ‘flange coupiing is to connect two 67 mm shafts. The hubs of the ‘coupling are each 111 mm in dismeter and 92 mm thick and the flange webs are 19 mm thick. Six 16 mm bolts in a 165 mm ‘diameter circle connect the flanges. The keyway is 6 mm shorter than’the hub’s thickness and key Is 14 mm x-14 mm. Coupling is a4 = the flange wep thickness of the flange:448 MPa, 6. Determine the length of key. A. 84mm 6.88 mm B. 86mm D. 90mm 7. Whats the torque transiritted? A 269KNm 6.3.24 KN.m B. 3.12KNm 0.4.27 KNm 8 Determine the force on shatt A. 94.25 KN ©..98.87 KN 8.” 96.38 KN D. 98.48 KN © Find the shearing stress of key. A. 78.28MPa c.8429MPa B. 82.19MPa D.9228MPa 40. What is the factor of safety based on shearing stress of Key”? A 238 0.3.28 B 286 D388 11. Find the bearing stress of Key. A. 14729NPa ©. 156.55 MPa B. 15289MPa D. 168.28 MPa 42, Whats the factor of safety based on beering stress of Key? A 238 c. 3.26 B. 2.86 0.9.86 43. Determine the total force on coupling A. 2287KN 6.28.49 KN B. 25.88 KN D. 32.55 KN 44, Determine the force per bot. A. 5.43 KN 6.7.29 KN B. 6.98 KN D.9.27 KN 45. Find the shearing stress in bots. A, 26.99MPa c.32.19MPa 8. 28.39MPa D.34.29MPa 412 is one-half the yield peint in tension or compressir (6. What is the factor of safety based on shear in bolts? A 53 C72 B65 D.83 ¢. Board Problem 7 ‘Two short shafts having identical diameters of 38.1 mm and rotating at 400 rpm are connected by flange coupling having 4 bolts with a 100 mm bolt circle. The design sheering stress of the bolt ie 12 MPa and design compressive stress of the Range is, 15MPa. 7. What Is the power transmitted by the short shat? AL 36.53np .41.8hp B. 38.4hp 2.4439 48. Find the torque transmitted by the shat. A. 326.96 Nm C.51289N.m B. 436.33 Nm D.632.77 Nm 49, Determine the total force in Newton. A. 12,655 N ©. 15,298 N B. 13,863N ©. 18,379N 20, What diameter of bolt should be used? A 16mm ©. 22 men B. 19mm D.25 mm 21. How thick should the flange be in mm? A ttmm 6.18 mm 8. 18mm 1.20 mm D, Board Problem ‘A flanged coupling has an outside diameter of 200° mm end ‘connects two 40 mm shafts. There are four 16 mm bolts on a 140 mm bolt circle. The radial flange thickness is 20 mm. If the torsional stress in the shaft is not to exceed 26 MPa. 22. What torque transmitted by the shaft? A. 263.8Nm ¢, 362.9 Nm B. 328.7 Nm 0.6235Nmolution te Jest § 23, Determine the power that can be transmitted at 600 rpm. A. 2053 kw ©. 23.05 kw B. 22.29kw D. 28.30 kw 2 4 A 9,453.8 indbs 24, Deletmine the shearing stress inthe bots if uniformly distributed T =the torque transmitted A 43MPa C.68MPa T Peeieseacan B 58MPa D.78MPa an te 48(33:000)(12) 25, Determine the bearing pressure inthe otis 2a(200) A. 365MPa €.8.36 MPa T= 0483.8 ints 3. 8.26 MPa 0.835 MPa D 2701s F =the total force ar Peete tears Ds r= Hosa) F = 27 bs © asos Fe = the force per bot F mF oe my 2701 fs - 5 Fo = 480 Ibs A tain Dp = _ the bolt diameter D BF De =” 6.22Bin or Kin 414 445the length of key 92-6 86 mm the torque transmitted 289 KNm the force transmitted on shaft EL D) 2(2.69) “0.087 94.25 KN the chear stress carted by key FE Wwe 116 wan the factor of safety based on shear in key. 224 78.28 286 the bearing stress in key 2F the factor of safety based on bearing stress Se = i. ae 88 the force transmitted by coupling ar De 2(2.69) 0.165 92,55 KN the force per bolt 147IA eee 288 5 x =. Sasi 2099 Pa S =the shesratessinbots ao = Me 705 os = 01s sa £5 = laorof safely band on hear ste in ait se eee se + & 24 ie : 28.98 sss 88 sass P= the povrtanamited byte shor ehak crew f 38 (384 a0) a 38 P= ossshp sar7Xam T= tetris 7 v iH 2aN 118 the total force cared by bots ar Be (692.77) 0.100 12,655 N VSN, [aqr2866) cy) 18.22 mm or 19 mm the thickness of the flange F the torque transmitted S0° 6 26,000,000()(0.04)° 76 326.7.Nm 119P= _ the power transmits Po OetW 600 a 7/509 P 2e(o.s2071 ee) = 2053 kw S = _ the shearing stress in bolts (@ used to store fluids under pressure, It may cal type, [Tote eae | Sots ear 3% belowClassification of Pressure Vessels 2. Tangential St 7 4. According to dimensions is ieee j wn anweo the hoop st the circumferential stress oo te b = fers date A i the intemal pressure 2. According to the end construction a 3 a. open end 8 = thejointeffcioncy Bde end : Thin Walled Spher strosses tn A Thin Cylinesteal Shell Due To An Internat aled Sphere Prosoure Presi effect of curvature of he oyinder wal is neglected. 1, The gest ot cances are url cette over the section of an BS the walls. cS 9, The effect of the restraining action of the heads at the end of the: Mi pressure vessels negated A. Thin Wall finders “~——" D, = theinside diameter P, = the intemal pressure 4, Tangential Stress (Hoop or Circumferential stress) without efficiency, tte inside diameter the internal pressure Where’ 8 the tangential stress the hoop stress the circumferential stress the intemal pressureAy Board Probiem A cylinder having an internal diameter of 20 in. and an external diameter of 36 in. is subjected to an intemal pressure of 10,000 si and extemal pressure of 2,000 psi Determine the hoop stress at the inner surface of the cylinder. A.” 13.143 psi ©. 16,308 B. 14,568 ps! D. 18,379 ps Pi = the internal pressure wximum Shear stress in the cylinder wall 4. Maximus oe Determine the hoop stress at the outer sutface oF Tne the inside resus aie wre Saas fe meurum sree 8. 6278psi 0. 8378 pai stress at the inner surface Find the aciual stress Pi = the intemal pressure A. 1187.56 psi ©. 1751.28 pei Saran B. 1871.43 psi D. 1828.35 psi lindor 5. Equivalent Maximum tensile stress in the re 5 te inside racus 4. Find the maximuin shear stress at the inner surface, Sou = the maximum tonsils B, 15,220.39 psi D. 10,827.88 psi P= the interial pressure 3. Calculate the maximum shear stress in the AL 14,484.28 psi 17,287.29 6 6. When the vessel is subjected to internal and external 3 tesa ie oe >. 10467 39 far pressure: Caleutate the equivalent maximum tensile stress at the cyfinder wall i A, 22,897.57 psi ©.27,898.87 pet B. 23,289.47 psi B. 28,928.57 psi tangential stress [S_ = the maximum intemal stress Board Problem Pi; = the intemal pressu A steal cylindrical water tank has 20 meters.in diameter and 45 Pe = the extoral stress, ‘meters high. Consider the pressure variation in the water to follow ine ftom the edge of the top to the center of the batiom aoa __ and the allowable stress of the steei plate is 120MPa. 125‘7. * What pressure inside the tank? A. 145.18 KPa C.481.45 KPa B 41151 KPa D. 448.45 KPa, 8. Find the thickness of the steel plate A. 50mm 6.60 mm. 8. . 85 mm D.65 mm 9. Determine the thickness of the.steel plate if the tank is soherical form with diamater be reduced to 10m, A. 83mm 9.2mm 8, 82mm D.esmm . Board problem ‘A thin walled cylindrical; pressure vessel is subjected to inteinal pressure, which varies. ftom 750KPa to 3550KPa continuously. ‘The diameter of the shell is 150 om. The yield stress in the cylinder well is-480 MPa, net endurance limit of 205 MPa and a factor of safety of 2.5, 10. Find the thickness of the cylinder wall A 18mm ©..25 mm 8. 2mm D.28 mm Determine the maximum stress. A 122.79KPa 6.26.79 KPa B. 124.39 KPa D. 128.89 KPa, 12, Whatis the expecied minimum stress? A. 2239KPa 0.28.79 KP2 B. 24.47 KPa D.28.36 KPa 13, Whats the estimated mean stress? A. 76.79KPa 0.89.29 KPa 5. 79.39KPa 0.89.37 KPa 44, Determine the altemating stress. A. 40KPa c.60KPa B, 50KPa D.70 KPa 126 B. Board problem With the present water interuptions prevaling in Metro: Manila, you have been asked to design an Upright cylindrical water tank 8 iets in Ganson and @ rete hgh voted ss wh voted oro complstely with water, ee 15. Find the intemal preésure.. A 6886 KPa ©. car B. 65.29 KPa id ©. 76.85 KPa %6. Find the minimum thickness of the tank plate if the stress is limited to 40 MPa, A, 3.2mm C.8.5mm 5. 44mm D.9.8mm 17: Determine the total volume of the tank. A. team? 0.180 m® 8. 170m? D. 190 m* tank had to be elevated 10 meters from its botiom and 0 up In 2 hours, determine the pump capaci eee pump capacity ©. 92.68:m?/ hr D.96.99.m°/hr 18, Dsternine te water powerifthe head ise § me ‘elevated 10 meters. eee ret B. 5.39kw fipeeee 2.728 kw the moter output power considering the pump efficiency A 80k c.728hw 893i 3.825 Kw _F. Calclate the motor input power ass i Cae power assuming tor eficieney ie A820 ©. 104 hr 8 940i D Heme 127E. Board Problem 'A storage tank for air, 26 inches in digmeter, ts to withstand ane internal pressure of 200 psi with a design factor of 4 based on St ‘The steel has the strenglh equivalent of ©1020 anneaied and t ‘welded joints should have a relative strength (efficiency) of 90%. 22, Su for annealed C1020 steel is S7ksi, compute for S. A 25,400 psi ©. 52,400 psi B 42,510 psi D. 14,250 psi 23, Determine a suitable plate thickness. A. 7i64 in ©. 6/32 in B. 9S2in . 3/64 in, 24, Compute the stress on a diametral section. A. 2,400 pst 6.6,400 psi B. 3.240 psi D. 1,840 psi 25. Compare the I ess. A. 128,000 psi C. $00,200 psi B. 821,000 psi D. 12,600 psi 128 1A 13,243 psi SF S&F & = A 5243 psi Seo S& 5 Se os Se = B as7za3 pst SF SF S& = SF © 992857 psi So = Scbution te Test GF the hoop stiess at the inner the hoo surface of the Pleat ane ctbeeee tt 10,000(18*+107)-2(2000)(18)? 18-10" 18,143 pei the hoop stress at the Outer surface of cylinder ca enn? 18°10 sup the exial stress 10,090(10)*-2000(18 18°10" 1871.43 psi thé maximum shear stress at the inner surface 129Sora = f = the thickness of the steel plate Cuincr tie.) 28 freaae tw 441.88(20)(1000) 2{4120000) Sram 9 = te engl 5 A 14,404.28 pst % © 92mm = imum shear sfess in the cylinder wal eZ Snax the maximum shea it 3 t the thickness ofthe steel pate eee ee Sma = eee Sena = eee Sma = 1.8 atmm See =the mani 6 D 26,928.57 pst cr Breramavess Seq 2 Sam = S850(1:8) 2 an Sm = 28628 ? reer San = the minimum stress Sq = San = £0 Z : 2 7 © 44na5 KPa fa = Betta) = the internal pressure >: me Sun 88D t p= 81 SX casm a Sm = the méan stress P= 441.45 KPa guetta 2 26625, 562.5 z tee 134Se oF SF 33. A 76:79KPa Se = 16125 t the altemating stress Syoax~Srin z 2082.5 _ 5625 raamar a 1050 t the thickness ofthe wall Sm.$a Sy Sh 1912.58 1050 peer Fe0,G6 "306,600 2mm the meximum stress D oa 3560(1.5) 221) 126.79KPa the minimum stress the mean stress 432 128.79426.79 2 78.70 KPa the alternating stress Sas=San, z 126.79-26.79 z 50 KPa the intemal pressure yn kN 9.01 (6m) 58.86 kPa the thickness of the plate a ay 58.8 240X000) 440m the total volume ah 2(3(6) 169.65 m® the pump capacity 133aos a = aaskew Peo Boo Py ae 93 Pee Pore Pelttts PBF 820 kw Boe Boe Patt ratte 4250 pst Sete Soe & = SF o/szin. ‘ = 169.65 84.82 mine , eD the water power t tad 7 a te 258 HN 54.93? V( tr) 4oeee8) ai 9 0d) #° of onza (i ) ve aan FZEOHO.80 4.85 iw tee 0.2807 in, 6r 892 in the ctor output ower RB °, 425, o70 893K tangential stress PD the power input a & = thetengential stress z Ciitietittver 6.93 at ce eco a ‘tangential steess 8 sree — Hats ar | re thickness of the plate ~ 134 435‘Screw is a threaded fastener design to be inserted th fone member to be joined and into a threaded member. ee sons we a ‘kas areca ha hole in the mating Bolt is a threaded fastener designed to mating members and to be secured by tig opposite the head of the bolt. tis provided. ROUND "COUN TERSUNE COUNTERSUNK RAT ‘oval ToL: mona [arm i 1 HONS reer li ae at SINGLE DEPTH. HEADS prs roe Begun 436“Majors Diameter is the largast diameter of the thread of the serev 4: Stove Bott isa with 2 square n of bolt made in sr ded bol wit.a sited head, which Jon metal pans fe a cheap varcy : ; : roa ofthe See Minor Diameter is he smalestclametr ofthe thread of te ca Uo shaped bol wth read the ends of ith ana to Pitch Diameter is the mean of the major ot minor diameters. Carziage Bott h Is round ead iype of bot wih a used with @ nut es through bolt. - rs Stress Area is the area of en ‘mean of the pitch and ary circle whose diameter Glameters. It Is used purpos: Lead is the le strength, Automotive Bott isu: fance a thread advances in one revolution. ually made of heat: : rea ntennn ly made of heattreated steel requantiy Pitch is the istanoe between corresponding points on adja. threads, Iso equal to, the reciprocal of the number ‘threads per Inch. 8. Plow Bott is widely used on farm machinery. % Track Botts are used in railway track construction. Cceest i the top surface joining the sides of to adjacent threads 48. Coupling Bote i frished sll over, usually having coarse threads, tom surface Joring the sides of two adjacent tread Root is the bottom surface joining the i 'S OF THREADS [Angle of thread is the engle included betwéen the sides of {hread, measured in an axial pane. 1 UNC (Unitied National Coarse) EEE ee ‘ype of treads that are recommended for general use. Depth of Thread is the dstance between the crest an Pi the thread, measured perpendicular to the axis. UNF (Unisied National Fine) A type of a i sel? OF threads that ace frequently used in automotive and Depth of Engagement is the depth of mating parts, measured radia ead contact between ‘UNEF (Unified National Extra Fine) ‘Atype of threads that is useful in aeronautical equipment, 4 0 UN (Unisied s-Thread Series) ‘A type of threads that are usec on bolts for high i flanges, cylinder head, studs, ete. pee ee eee Length of Engagement is the length of contact between two m parts, measured axslly. ‘TYPES OF BOLTS m weight bot 2. Machine Bott (Through Bott) is heavy weight square hexagonal or flat head used in the automotive, elrra THREADS DESIGNATION WITH DEFINED TOLERANCES machinery fie folerances are used where quick and easy assembly Class 1 (Extomal Threads) Class: -mal Threads) 2, Eye Bott is a bolt wth s loop at one end 3. Stud Bolt is a type of bolis, which threaded at b Tolerances suitable for normal . reduction practi ‘ahead, itis used where through bolt is unces practices 8. Clase 2A (External Threads) Class 28 (Internat Threads) 1392. Metric Thread Series Examples: 3: Have the closest kit, allowance is zero. a, Class 3A (External Threads) b. Class 3B (Internal Threads) aM 16x 2= 1 L External thread > Tolerance Pitch, mmithread Romi BOLT SPECIFICATION NUMBER 4. American Unified Series Examples: a | Tolerance [acer ‘Nominat size in inches size mm Metric thread boM i6x2-6H Lat ‘Tolerance b. %- 20 UNF-3 B | | = 7 = L______, Norn size Metric thread system > Unified National Fine Ly thrsaas perinch Nominal size in inches: STANDARD FORM OF THREADS: 4, Acme Thread is 2 modification of the square form of thread. It is for many jobs because itis fairy easy to machine. Ithas luded angle and Is largely used for feed and lead screws 0.00825. Buttress Thread je cut square on one side and sianting on the other side. i a. V thread is used by watchmakers end Instrument makers for used where a thread requiring great str OIE: a Square Thread is one in which the width of the depth of the thread: and te Space betwes approximately equal. This ; ifficut to machine square threads accurately. Ve Depth = 2256 thread, the: ate iets of fot = PEP Whitworth Thread a standard thread in Englalid’end Canada. tt peso > has-a 85° angle with the crest and root rounded. fe act rHrSraco} Fora = pte Pe Dich = Xp ite. a dz depth = p 0.64033 1 radios = 9X 01573 08 000 ein S52 wish ar = 28 6 yaa st 4. Brown and Sharpe Worm Thread are similar fo the LTS FO! thread in shape but are cut deeper. RMULA: Torsional shear stress in the root. ae ey Where: lua Ss =. the shear stress — T= the torque Di = the inside fe root. oto Where: 265 Root = OSS pep ~ 2554 ot = Fo= the force con = 2288 A = theatea ro x 5S; = the tensile stross 142 143~ 3. Compressive stress at the treads. 7. Working strength of the bolt Si = the working stress ¢ = the diameter the force the outside diameter ‘he inside diameter the compressive stress = the force 8, = the shear stress t= the thickness Ne = the number of bolt D, = the root diameter = the inside diemater Permissible Working Stress, the constant Where: ne appliod load S = the area A= the initial load Sv = the final sess C= = 1000 for bronze = 5000 for earbon st = 15000 for alloy steel Si = design stress Where: 8, = the bolt spacing Die = the bott citcie diameter No = the numberof bolts = 5000 for carbon st = 15000 for alloy steel the working strenat= the bolt elongation L. = thelead = the number of turns 15. Depth of Tap 1b. For Steel / Wrought Iron (Faires) ‘Where: D meter ce. For Brittle Materials z = the nom) Be h = the depth oftap diameter in celeuiating the Note 1. Conservative design uses the root ‘area handling the toad. Latest design uses the stress area as the area hand load. 2 i im ‘chine Members by Doughtie and Vallance 146 a 7‘Table 6.2 Sellers Standaré-Square Threads _ POWER SCREWFoRMULA [Bat diameter, [Threads perin. | Roct dameter, | Root area, . Torque required to overcome coltar svicti D625 CORT o2is3 | 00a5 0.2658 0.0555" ‘93125 me 0366 O18 = ‘oaie7 0.1966 3866 1703 fee 05125 2 O3780 02557 s ‘O88 93000 = the toraue required f0 overcome collar tr ‘O.5805 03688 fe = the coefficient of friction on slr icson 07768 04088 W = the load I ‘ares Pence Dn = the mean diameter ‘o.a7s0 O80 Peeper ine ed. t ore fo = the oitskte fads = n= the inside radius #2086 [18s ‘2. Torque applied to turn the serew oe 24 For Square Threads (Raising the Load) Tz Tat i382 2088 2313 hoe 2.503 Da = 2.750 : rs 7382 . we i Ess @ =~ thetead ang i 3476) a \Searees Uoargn ot Wadhine Members by Dougie ana VaTance Power Screw is a device used to change angular motion it commonly used {0 08 greater mechanical adventage in order to lit weight, 8s type of jack for cars; to exert large forces, as in home compactor press; to obtain precise positioning of an axial movement, micrometer screw or the lead screw ofa lathe. 148 2.2 For Square Threads (Lowering the Load) he ‘The spate of ticton on reeds Ws the load : © = Meteadange 149Dm = the mean diameter W * theload 7 @ = thelead angle = the torque applied to tum the screw mean diameter ‘oeficient of fric#on on threads the torque applied to tur the sorew the mean diameter ihe coefficient of friction on threads Sea the lead angle ‘Total torque required to operate the sere! ths le ete he total torque {he torque required to overcome colar friction the torque required to tum the screw the Inout power the total torque = the torque applied to turn the screw i Hearse 450 aPo = the’power output W = theload Vv = the nut velocity for mutiple thread where: L = P= the piten a the lead joe Single Thread 9, Dante Trea IS ir rnd al nee esa: wenn Teiple Thread Huse -f 4 Quadruple Thread the efficiency of the screiv qaustrzcaigspe” wou et p ena the nut velocity the lead the rotative speed the lead the mean ciar the lead angle for single thread 4152‘Table 69 Acme Serow Threads a Threads per in. | Depth of thread, ia, | Thickness at root | _ A. Board Probtem. ‘A square single thread jackscrew has ‘ofthe ollaris 1 inch, The s between the threads of the screw ard base Is 0.15 that between the 30 Ged ‘Source: Design of Machine embers by Daughte and Valance Determine the root diameter i ‘Table 6.4 Proportions of Power Threads caimpression 6,000 peu” M Slowable stress. in Threads ©: 328 in Size, [Threa | winor | Téa |Regguler | St. D. 386%n, in, | per | Diamete | d- per! Minor Minor : in te, Diameter, in. | Diameter, in. | Determine te pich of he sre 0168 Otee | 0213 20a o-2at 0.270 B. 0.20in, ©0400 C265. 0202 0.525 0.60 in 0386 0.388 038 2.400 0.440. a 0.406, 0.500) 0.550) : C.3.02in 0375 0.583 0.850} 0.3.50. 0.881 0.708 0.775 ES en ‘a7et 0,800. 0.880 _f Tinathe mean clamete, 0.925 1.0057 OK 28in C.35in 7500 7.050 7130 ae baer 1125) 1.225; 7208 71.280 71350. Find the lead angie. I 4400 1.500) 71.800 A 3° ae i (cis: “i750 7.350) B 6 s 1.682 SIT 2.080 D1 2.063 2167 2.3008 F Dotemine tot 2068 Ber aa Determine the trque quired te overcome ston inten, 2.500. 2.500 _ 2,700 Ss Heaeai ib C. 8,596.9 in.tb 2.982 3.000 3200 i 0.9.428,7 nie 3.418 3.500 3.700) hae 4,000 4,200, mine the torque required to overcome fico 4.500) 4.700. A. 3,800in.0 © sa00mnie ‘Souroz, Design of Machine Elements by Faires tissnomie 154 Gee8, What the expected total torque to operate ina jackscrew? 416. Find the horsepower input if ©. 12,498.9inlb A 44hp 6.62 hp e tees Ib . B. S3hp D.7.4 hp : © Board Probiem at 1 total force requires by the trae? nai te expect ease te A single square threaded power screw is fo raise a load of 70 KN. 208.28 tos 5. 266.23 Ibs The serew has @ mejor diameter of 36 mm and a pith of 6 mm. 2 ‘The costicient of thread fiction and collar fiction are 0.13 and 4 See sean 0.10, spectively. Ifthe colar mean diameter is 80 mm and the 10. wate ne expec eee €.19.1% screw turns at 60 rp. B 175% 0.205% - 17, Deterrine the mean diameter. SA. 26mm ¢.38 mn B. Board Probioms B. 30mm 0.38 mm ft ud of 4000158. A 2. “The power screw is fiting @ loz square thread with 2 threads per inch is to be used. The fi rads ofthe colar is 2 inches and the ceetclents of 48, Determine the nut velocity: ears Pines C.8mmisec Cc. 6 mmisac B 195 ho 5. 1.89 hp Find the power outpatin wats A. 400 watts 0.440 watts ine the mean diameter ifthe roct clameter is 2.068 ine B. 420 watts D.460 watts ©. 256i D.2.89in Find the lead angle. a, 23° c.43° te the lead in inches. 7 B88 2.5% : 1.001 D125 in. ‘Determine the efficiency of the screw. AL 12.59% ©.18.27% 414, Calculate the tead angle of the threads at the meen slam B. 16.34% D.20.81% c.78 p64? Determine the input power in watts. ‘A 3000 watts ©. 3360 watts Find the efficiency of the serew. B. 3200 watts D. 2428 watts a A. 27.58% C, 36.89% B, 31.36% Dare 156 487D. Board Problem The cylinder head of gas engi 3 204 mm gas engine. There ar fon the block. The explosion pressure is 31 kofer? and studs are made of ordinary bolt material, SAE 1020. Soteedion ts Jest 10 A 2s2in, 28.- Whettotel foree acting on the head end of tne cylinder? D, = the roat diameter AL 19,083kg ©. 12,388 kg ae B. 11,268k9 D..13,289 &g ao = fF 8 24, Determine the load on each bot. a (08) (2000) A 1003 kg ©. 1238 «3 = | 8. 128g 1D, 1382 kg \ (6000) B= 262in 26. Find the stress area. A, 0.582 in? . B. 0.638 in? osoin. P= the piten pe eeeeee eee N, 1 Beer 2 P= 050in. © s02in Dé = the outside aiameter . D = Dy 4p Dy = 2524050 Do = 302m, B 27010, Dn = — themean diameter pa = tO 2 De «2024252 2 Dy = 277in 458 159o rN @ =~ theleed angle a = tant] #D, 0.50 a = ten) Z0) as 5,596.94 in. Tb Te = the torque required to overcome friction in threads Wo, (tana +) TS Serena) 29,000 (2.8) [0.0500510 + 0.18] Beet 2(t~0.18x0.0500818) Te = 8506.98in 0 PP? 3 : 2 3 12,496.94 x12 208.28 Ibs the efficiency x100 2aRF 30,000(0.50) Biz (6x12) (208.28 19% x100 the power output ©) 33.000 (4000)(10) 33,000 4.21 hp the mean diameter D, +0, z 2.8 +2.083, 2 2.28. the Jead NP 212) 1.00 in, 161the nut velocity Lin) (8mm \/ 60rev \(tmin rev min )\ 605 6 mms the power oulput ofthe screw Fxv (70 KN)(0.008 m/s} 1000watisw) 420 watts tana vfs SE (tiene) aa oo " y] ere . = Sp, so sayttan? 8) fan’ 2D, tan7 940.104 Ret (0. , e = 27.58% Hy 6 1 733), 33° wea 4th p= the power input ae the efficiency : e wt eo B278T ee aah a7. ¢ 35mm Da = the meen diameter a Da = Dek : the power input 6 Da = eT z Py e 420 01253 163 462P= 3860 watts the total force acting on the head end of the cylinder = the total tensile force acting on ail the bs eo Opa i 2 #(20.30m) fs tgent 22007) 4 24. A 1003 KE F. =. the load on each bott eee F : Ne defor undergoes a si ation, under an apo 10,033 applied load RF 10 F, =. 1003kg 25. A 0.s6zin* Av = the stress erea ce ay Uc ae (1003x2.205 i478 ~~ 000) 0.862 in? ‘Above FO as% Passers B01 6% Qualifiers “40% below Failed 164SPRING MATERIALS +. high carbon steet 2. alloy steel g 3. stainless steel 4 5 copper alloys nickel-base alloy USES OF SPRING 4. Absorb energy or shock loads as in automobile chassis springs: and railroad bumper springs 2. Actas a source of eneray as in clocks. 3, . Produce a pressure or foroa, as in maintainir pressure betwer the friction surfaces of clutches and as in keeping a cam follower in contact with the. cam. os 4. Absorb vibrati 5. Act as load measuring devices, as in spring balances power dynemometers and Instruments such as gages, meters anc engine indicators. TYPES OF SPRINGS. 4. Helical Springs ee made up of wire coiled in the form of hel ‘and Is primary intended for compressive or tensile loads. The: | advantages of helical e: easy to manufacture, avaliable in wide range, re ‘Spring rate, the performance eat be predicted more accurately, and the characteristics can varied by changing dimensions. 166 + Conical and Volute Springs are used in special where a telescoping spring or spring’ with a spring rate that increases with the load Is desired. + Torsion Springs maybe helical or spiral type. The helical type ‘maybe used only in applications where the oad tends ‘the spring and are used ‘in various electrical mechs umber of coils and when made ‘and clocks ‘Laminated of Leaf Springs consist of a number of fat plates of varying lengths held together by means of clamps and bolts. The major stresses produced in leaf springs are tensile and compressive stresses, Le Serna Sy (Pebgand SE ecting carter | 5. Disc or Belleville Spris | discstheld together again Actual | Solid | Free No.of | Length | Length _foit in ad Ap A metie * Squared & Ground End me tea ea ‘Squared End ne 2 [G3 nos 3d 167the spring index the spring rate the elongation fastioin — (bl-Srouné the load or force Coit Spring Formuta 4X. Stress for Round Wire the detection the effective number of the mean diameter where F = the applied forca Dp = 7 diame bs th the deflection Ss = 3s the effective number of K = the Wehl factor coll fice the modulus of rigisty” where the applied load F = ‘theapplied force the widtn Da = _themean ciameter the thickness b= the width the mean diameter 8 = thestress K = the Wabl factor t= the thickness the defection e where: = the Wahl factor ox the spring index = the mean diameter 16810. Torsional Stress In Spring d= the wire diameter 14. Deflection for spiral torsion spring of rectangular wire the applied force the mean diameter the applied force the moment arm the length the modulus of elasticty the deflection the wictn Helical Torsion Spring of Round Wite qemende zarg*Roron : the length the apoled force if the number of active coil the mean diameter Pe active coils 22, Deflection for Helical Torsion Spring of where: F = the applied force Dn = mean dismeter fn = number ofactve aa Es Boe b= the width t= the thickness Where: FL = the Free Length SL = the Sold Length F = thetorce 15, Deflection for Spiral torsion Spring of Rot E a 8 = the elongation und where: ie wud mre 170 amtZ where the applied force 17, Impact Load On Spring the stress E 8 L b t E 5 the defiection 24, Deflection of Leaf Spring (Multiple Leaves) where F = the applied force Re = the number of Fe = the number of full leaves Lo = the tengtn b= the tos E = the modulus of elasticty 3 = thedeflection 22, Spring System a, Series System ring (Multiple Leaves) 19. Stresses in Leaf Spring (Mul pie ne applied fore: > ° os % ae apes a length leaves 20, Deflection of Leaf Spring (Single Leal) 473', Inner spring longer than outer spring é bb, Parallel System, gy Ky AMAR a FREE LENGTH LOADED ©. Inner and outer springs are of the same height ~ wher: F = the applied force 1 Fo = the force on applied spring Fi = the force on inside spring 5, = the doflection on inside spring 6, = the deflection on outside spring 23, Intermediate Springs ‘a. Outer spring longer than inner spring the deflection FREE LENGTH 475A. Board & Find the epring rate of the outer epring, “he stale of bo concent Rela Glover stot sping and has wf ate ol ors Spring and hae an outer deter of 260 mn Bufo the aa © sopte, the over sping #25 rm longer the iner sping. reload of €0 KN pled to tis nest singe in he sring index of te ne ping ages 6.539 B 4.200 0.8.55 Determine the spring index of the outer spring. A 824 C737 B 681 D838 Find the spring cate of the Inner spring ; A. 452.89 KNim .472.89 KN 8. 483.87 KNim 1. 493.60 KNim ©. 126.80 KIN D. 130.25 KNim A. 11837 KNim B. 118.38 KNim What load of the inner spring in KN? qt c.szsaxn 8 sae b sage it oad oth ter pring KS? A eae o.25a9 B anarea bso kN 176 7. Determine the portion of load cartied by inner spring. A % \ ©. 80.25% | B 788% D. 85.00% 8. Determine the portion of oad carried by outer spring, A 8.50% - ©. 19.75% B. 23.19% D. 15.00% 1B. Board Problem A spring 1s designed to fre @ 2 kg projectile. The outside diameter'of the coll is 160 mm with en 18 mm wire and @ total of 22 coils squared and ground. Tha spring has a free length of 650 am. When set or loaded, the spring is compressed to a length ot 450 mm. 9. Determine the spring index. A 788 c.852 B 823, D.2.58 10. Determine the active number of coils, A 16 ©.20 B18 D.22 ‘1. Find the spring defection A. 200mm ©. 250 me B. 225mm ©.275 mm 12. Find the Waht's factor. A119 c.1.28 B. 4.23 0.1.38 G. Board Problem A crate of mass 1600 kg is moving at a speed of 12 mis. itis brought to rest by two helical compression springs. In stopping the crate, the springs are compressed 200 mm ifthe spring has a ‘spring index of 6 and an allowable stress of 360 MPa, : 13. Determine the Wah''s factor A415 6.1.35 Be 125 2.1.45 47744, Determine the wite diameter 22, Calculate the solid length, er otim - a 8. 18mm D.25 mm mm ©. 160 mm eee pace ab cee © 23. Calculate the detiection of solid enath fs c.t3¢mm A itn eam 8 D. 438mm 58 mm D.63mm 16, Find the mean diameter apap pareaiaiat A 112mm 116 mm a aieerN 0.4,75422N B 1t4mm D. 418 mm 1,625.58 N D. 1,805.26 N D, Board Problem 25. Compre th Wahl factor. ‘A safety valve spring having 95 active coils has the ends squared 112 C124 B. 1.18 116 mm and the has free length of 203 mm. The length of which this spring must be initially compressed to hold @ boiler pressure of 1.38 MPa on the valve seat of 32 mm diameter. taken as G = 80GPa, 28 17, Find the force acting on the vaive set A. 1,108.86 N 6. 1,828.66 N B, 1;28527N D. 1,439.28 N ¢.10¢mm D. 196 mm 1. Determine the spring index A $237 69.245 B. 7.868 D125 20. Find the spring deflection, A. 32.36mm ©. 43.28 mm 8. 39.18mm D.48.17 mm 21. Find the operating length A. 164mm B. 167mm 478 179Solution te Test tt a A 3s45 o = o = a = a = B ost Co = Ce = ce = Go = |. D 493.80 KN/m & = K = Gad 8C*n, 20,000,000(0.032) (8)(6.8128)' (2) the spring index ofthe inner spring 128.5KNim D-d ¢ 100-22 = the load atthe inner spring ee 0.025 0.028 the spring index ofthe outer spring = 0028 D-d a =. 90- Fi 250-32 3 = 0,025 68% 69.13 KN the load at the outer spring 90~ 69.13 20.87 KN the spring rate at the inner spring Gd cin, 20,c00,000(0.022) the percent ved of nner spring (e)(o£48)' (10) F 499,80 KNim bet00 6913 100 80 the spring rate atthe outer spring 681% 184 180nA the percent load of outer spring F + xt00 ‘the number of active coil a-2 22-2 20, FL-SL 650-450. 200 mam the Wad factor 4c=1 0616 aon4 a(ras)-1_ 0016 a(7a)-4" 788 118 482 pore ‘the Wahl factor 4C-1 0.815 wa’ oc 4(6)-1 oer 40-475 1.25 the wire diameter zB O-@2zy 2(0200) 3.6 mis* * 1800 kg (3.6 m/s?) econ ca 6a GIO) V9) the mean diameter Dy=d 183-19 114mm 183the solid ength ” nd 8513) +2013) the force applied atthe valve set 3509) 209 pA 150 mm 92) \(2)" = the deflection ofthe sold tength 110086 N Seed aces = 2H 1495 = "535mm the mean diemeter Dod 115-19 : ie so2mm = thecal orce (Fr) = bese E a) the sping index * oa.86 - = 638 Pom 39.18 = 4818.67N = Wahl factor 40-1" 0615 = +88 aera ‘he spring defection ec a 4(7e48)=1 0.815 a = + a 7886) 4" 7aK6 2 = 449 8(1109.86)(7.946) (8.8) 30,000(13) 39.18 mm Topnotchers | Very Good VOI 8 | Passes | Good the operating length FL. 6 S0t068% | Gualiiers Poor 203 -29.18 4164 mim Wh below | Faled Very poor 185CLASSIFICATIONS OF GEARS ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF AXIS 1. PARALLEL axis a. Extemal Spur Gear b. Internal Spur Gear Herringbone Gear Rack and Pinion Pin Gesring M, INTERSECTING AXIS a.” Plain Bevel Geer b. Crown Bevel Gear GEARS are toothed cylindrical wheels used in transmiting motion eerie pasicser ‘and power from one rotating shaft to another. Ill. NON-INTERSECTING OR NON-PARALLEL AXIS 2. Hyperboloidal b.. Hypoid ©. Screw Gears TYPES OF GEARS INDS OF GEARS A.” Spur Gears B. Helical Gears ©. “Worm Gears D. Bevel Gears STRAIGHT SPUR HELICAL’ SPUR HERRINGBONE A. SPUR GEARS are toothed wheels whose tooth elements are straight and paralle! to the shaft exes. eee,Are of Approach is the arc ofthe pitch circie where the tooth profile cuts the pitch circle wien a pair of teeth first comes in contact until they ere in contact at the pitch point. Ate 0f Action js the arc of the pitch circle through which a tooth {favels from the first point of contact with the mating tooth travels from the first ‘poiat-of contact with the mating tooth to the point where ‘contact ceases... ‘Are of Recess is the are-of the pitch cree from contact atthe pitch point until where the tooth profile cuts the pitch circle when the pair of teeth comes out of contact, _ Asial Pitch is the distance between comesponding points on __ adjacent teeth measured in axial gitection, ‘Axis is the axis of revolution of the gear; centerline of the shat ‘Backlash is the amount by which the width of a tooth space exceeds » the thickness of the engaging tooth on the pitch circles. GEAR NOMENCLATURE | Base Cirele’s the circle from which an involutes tooth is generated or developed. Addendum is the height of tooth above pil zh circle of the dist between the pitch circle and the top of the to 3th ‘Base Piteh is the distance measured along the base circle from a int oh one tooth to the corresponding point on an adjacent tooth, Addendum Circle is the circe that boun Is the outer ends of eat (Chordal Thickness is the tooth width measured along the chord et _ the pitch point, Angle of Action is the angle through whict. the gear tums from ‘time @ particular pair of teeth come Into co tact unt they contact. itis equal to the angle of approach 5 ius the angle of Streular Pitelt is the distance measured along the pitch citcle from @ int on one tooth to the corresponding point on an adjacent tooth, Angle of Approach is the angle through w ich the gear tums fg the time a particular pair of teeth comes Into contact until they ‘contact at the pitch point | Clearance is the distance between the root circle of a gear and the ‘addendum circle of its mate Angle of Recess is the angle through wi ‘ime a aiven pair of teeth ave in contact, pass out of mesh, ‘umber of angular pitches. through: which a ‘surface rotates from the beginning to the end of contact. 189 188~ Dedendum is the radial distance from the pitch circie to the root Outside diameter is the diameter of F of the gear, red from tops of the teeth, gear, measured from the Circle, that ie to tne bottom ofthe tooth space, Path of actions the locus of successive contact points between a Dedendum Cirele is a circle coinciding with or tangent to the h 8 use bai of gear teeth, during the phase of engagement, bottoms of the tooth spaces Diametral Pitch is the ratio of the number of teeth to the pifch Pinion is the smaiter of two interacting gears, diameter. Pi is ang Bite Angle is the angle subtended by an are onthe pitch ete Face contaet ratio isthe contact ratio in an axial plane, or the até in length to the circular pitch of the face with to the axial pitch. ircle of the radius of which is equal to the distance Face Width is the length of the teeth in the axial plane, the pitch point, itch diameter is = predefined \ahere the circular tooth thickness, are defined, Full-depth teeth is the teeth in which the working depth equals 2,000 divided by the normal diametral pitch. diametral position. onthe geer Pressure angle and helix angles Gear isthe lerger of two interacting gears or a gear on ts ovin, t ‘eas ores Piteh Lime isthe tne passing through the pitch point whi erendiulartothe ine ofcenter ho Pant whieh fe Gear Ratio is the number of teeth in the gear divided by the number. of teeth in the pinion, 7 Piteh Point is the point of tangency of two pit foams gency Of two pitch circles and is on the Gear composition [s determined by application, including the ge service, rotation speed, accuracy and more : Pitch Surface is the surface ofthe roling oylin. be considered to replace, hat the gear may Invotutes are the curve formed by path of 2 point on a straight line. Interference is the contact between teeth otter than. at om 9f action is the surface Intended parts of their surfaces, Of action for involute, parallel axis, ars with ity o sant” ether sour or hetcal teeth, i is tangent to the base Line of Action Is the straight line passing through the pitch point tangent to the base circles. int of contact is any point at which two t " tooth profiles touch each. Line of contact is a line or curve along which two tooth surf are tangent to each other. ssure Angle is the angle between the line of action of the force 'e dear tooth and the line tangent to the pitch circles, ‘Modute is the reciprocal of ciametral pitch. t diameters thie-diameter of the gear, me oath ear, measured at the base of 190 191Speed Ratio is the angular speed of the driver divided by the angu speed of the driven gear. SPUR GEAR MATERIALS Alloy steel provides superior durabitty and corrosion resistance. the imaginary surface in which contact ovcu Minerals may be added fo the ello to further harden the geor, surfaces. Its the summation of the pat of action in all sections of the engagi Aluminum is used wien low gear inertia wth some cesilency Stub tooth is the tooth in which the working depth is loss than 2.0 divides bythe normat diametal pitch Braséisineipensve, eas . sive, easy tommold and corrosion resistant. Transverse contact ratio is the contect 1 plane. Itis the ratio ofthe angie of action to the angular pitch. Cast iron provides durability and ease of manufacture. Total contact the face. is the sum of the transverse contact rat Cast steel provides easter fabr i ication, strorig working lo vibration resistance, fee eee ‘Tooth Flank js the surfaco’of the tooth, which is between the pi Carbo: ro circle and the root nm Steels are inexpensive and strong, but are susceptible to corrosion, ‘Tooth Fa the addendi the surface of the tooth between the pitch circ cle. Copperis easily shaped, conductive and corrosion resistant. ‘gear's strength would increase if bronzed. = ‘Tooth Thickness is the width of tooth measured elong the i circle. a Plastic is inexpencive, corosonréssant, que opertonly and an overcome missing teeth or misalignment. Paste ie-eas raboc an Metal and is vulnerable fo temperature changes and: chore! ‘sorrosion, Acetal, del i soresin in, nylon, and polycarbonate plastics are. ‘Tooth Space is the space between the fects measured along pitch circle. ‘Whote Depth is the total depth of @ tooth space equal to add plus dedendum. Itis also equal to working deptlt plus clearance. Worleing Depth is the depth of engagement of two gears th i finan euacnse. where: Ds = the base cicle diameter Do = the pitch diameter Working Depth Circle is the depth of engagement of tv © = the pressure angle and is the sum of thelr addenda, the numberof teoth the pitch diameter the irular the diametrl pitch Zone of action rectangular area in the plane of bounded by the length of action and the effective face width. 192where: ‘11. Speed Ratio fe where: Dp = the pinion diameter D; = the gear diameter ‘ny = rotative speed of pinion Ny = rotative speed.of gear Np = number of teeth in pinion N =. number of teeth in gear chee: 7] where e. whore: = the space widh T = the tooth thickness B = thebscktsh Pe = the dametl pitch Pe = the lametra pitch = Bs where: 0 = the itch dameter De = the outside damotor vifore: T = the tooth thickness a’ = adcendum distance Tee ocean B= thebackesh where: D = the plich diameter he roct clarneter oF where: F; = the transmitted load dedendum diameter 4 = thededencum B= the power transmitted distarce V_ = the pten tne velocity 8. Whole Depth where: W = the whole depth 2 = the addendum distance where. @ =. the dedendumt distance F, 2 the boam fatigue atrength S = tha endurance stress * b= the face wiath where: W = the whole depth Y. @ = theaddendum Pe & = the dearance Ks W, = the working depth = 12t0 17 appledat the tip ° = 1402.0 applied at middle 10, Face width 195the dynamic load the transmitted load the pitch fine velocity the factors which depe! ton the elasticity of materia 17. Checking tor Failure Based on Fatigue nee = where: b Nw = the service factor Q = the ratio factor Fe = the beam fatigue ste Ky = the wear factor Fa. the dyriamicload ‘Note: Sovvce factor values are obtained from test and = the ratio factor experience. {feof teem in gear Ne = 1.0010 1.25 for uniform load without shock Na = 1.2510 1.50 for medium shock Na = 1.5010 1.75 for moderately heawy shock Nz = 1.75 to 2.00 , for heavy shock = the wear load = the dynamic toad 28, Dynamic foad (for intermittent operation) a. Commercially Cust (Vin 5 2,000 Fpm) ‘where: Fy = the dynamictoad Fi = the transmitted load whore: Fy = the dynamic load where: Fy = the dynamic load Fr = the transmitte 197‘Table 8.2 Standard Gear Tooth Proportion ‘Table 8.2 Vatnes of Form Factor ¥ in Lewis Equation ‘Number ‘Load At Tip ‘Load Nea® : Hi ase . q SP Fo s eT oe | 2° 20 "FD [2 FD | 20 Sub [Tae FD | 2 [omen [arms [i ze] a | ede ots [0204 | 0aet | compenia | °°" | Begin C:1g0 [0.226 | 068 | a | 0210 | 0285 [~oait | 0588 | O46 ee wT 323 | 0268 -| “0324 [oar oat pacity a Py 0.236 [0.276 | 0.338 | 0.365_| 0.468 : 1 725 ‘O2a5"_|0289 | 0.340 | “0418 | 0.00 Dererdim |~aa87 | 1.157 j;2| = 0265 | e255 | 0360] ~0aa0 [ona Py Pa Fa | Fa) 0302 | 0368 0.448} ~08t2_) 0308_|—0.377 | 0.488 dina canance + oae7 1 OAT a2 0.25 O34 0388 | —Oart_—| ona ered et Pe Pa ‘o320_[ 0398 | oss | o5ee 6 ‘9928 | 0388 | “a a00 ass z (0.350| 00a) 0495 [e801] Wortsng 2 2) 2 aa = ‘0.333 | 0.208 0.502 | “0.568 pth me | me | i Pa 0337 [aati 0.500 10573] 9.340 |~ 0.416 —|—o.515 0.880" Totaldeph | 2167 | 2167] 2167 | 1.8 a O44 | 0.421 ‘0.522 | 0.588] “my | Pa | Pa | Fe Pa 0.48 | ~0.485 | ~0.526 | s92 | | 0382} 0.90] 0880507 rae Mae | wee | Nae (0865 | 4410507 | a1802 —_ Maa | Nee | Mee | Ne 9.986_| 0457 —j “0540 | a608. iameter Py | Fa @ 32 9.368 | ~0.4as | —se7 [oir 33 (0.367 | oes | 0.550 | -ones Teath 75708 | 15708) 1.5708 |7.5708 35. 0373 | ~o.49 —| 0.566 | a.8s thickness Py Pa | Py | Fa a 0:380_|_0.4sa [0.603 [Deas | | 33 386 | o4s7 | ~o.ses {oes 15708 20. 0360} G4s9 | 0.570 0088, Tooth arom | Garoe) aTO8 | 48708 | 87 0 Fee tre oes space Py Py | P| Pa 4 =| aoe} “aa7s | 0.580 —] “ose 35 ‘ots | 0.480 —|—~og95 0708 03 025) 60 ‘aazi | 0.488 —|—o.603 T0746 Pitrechs | 9209 | 0.209 | 0208 | 2 G 65 {0496 | ~oase_—| “0.07 a2 Pa Pa | Pa 70, [0aes—| a9 —[~ cst [0 726 i eB (0.433, 0.408 0.613. ‘0.735 - ine Erarionts by Fares 0.496 | 0485 [081s | o.709 ‘Source: Design of Machine Elements by Fal 30 [0.442 | 0.05. ‘0618 | 0747 70 9.446-| 0.506] deza “are 750 0.458 | 0516 | peas 0.778 250) 0485 [0.524] dea [0787 300, ‘sri | —osea | “eso [004 Rack 0.488] 0580 —o860 | “oaes Souirce: Design of Machine Elements by Falres ave 199‘Table 8.5 Values of Limiting Wear Load Factor, ks, Stren Specified BHN's ore minimums. Values are for indefinite fe unless Condition interpotations on the sum of BHN'S: oe fre permissible when the dfference In BHN's is less than 100 points ee AS Life ei [| DOTS (aes Both Gears Steet Gast end annealed g ast and normalzed Sum of BAN= 600, TO oyeles | Gast, NET 1200 “Sum of BAN = 350 Cy ag Cast, WOT 269 BHN) | Cast, WOT 1100 | Sam ofBHIV= 400, 70° cycles T ie Sum oF BAN = 450 30 [7 Sum of BEN = 500 wo | 86 ‘Sam oF BHN = 660 wo] “Sum of BN = 600, 10° eycles Cold drawn bs ES Putought steel 4035_{ tn air Sum of BAN = 650 720 Wirouaht stee! 1035] in-bane ‘Sum of BAN= 700 180 ought steel,1035_| In sulfur ‘Sum of BHN = 750 440 ee rane work) Z old dra | Sum of SHN= 805 750 eld drawn 20% wo Oy and steal 5) oo Calg craun ‘Seal GE) ana Same 170 ae 0) and cast Won 50 Elevated temp. Gram [Steet @5y and N castiron, HT a] ie “SRST IOV aH SAE OS PHOSPTCT BOTEE Ed Soalaso Rover Clad pheapherbronze | 63 | 128 Hipiieds f ‘Sieai GIOy and arinsted phenolic Bo tardened- ee Gast ron, ass 2, end sare a Carburzed, case [Castiven and'same, TO" eycies we At 000" GGT t ah f boastionwinsteclscapandsame | «|= 70M in far bron 7 ure Desi 1 Geet Fon and phosphor bron’ 3 ee ce: Design of Machine Elements By Falres ‘Soures: Design of Machine Elements by Faires 200 204‘Table 8.5 Values of C ven by number of For other values of e, multiply the value given by thousandths that e is; for example, for cast it ¢ = 0.004 in,, G = 0.004(10 depth, and © waesbpl (+E). Vas of C for bronze are virtual the same at Sacer [xa ED]| SRD [200 Stub (e=0:107e) | (Kk =0.1 116) Keone Grayren kway won| 800 320 e Gaayonaa see [100 [eo [ 8 [Steel and sts! 1600 | 1660 Source: Design of Machine Elements by Faires Source: Design of Machine Elements by Fares 202 B. Helical Cears are the teeth, which are cut in the form of a helix about an axis of rotation. They are used 1o connect \d non-parallel shafts can be ran faster speeds that f and can sustain greater tangential leads than jar Nomenclature cos al pitch is the Ineer plicit in an axial plane and in a pitch thickness is the tooth thickness in an axial cross section at standard piten diameter. cireular thickness is the length of arc on the base circle =n the two involute curves forming the profile ofa tooth, lular pitch is the arc distance along @ specified pitch circle er } between corresponding profiles of adjacent teeth, 203‘Transverse base pitch is the pitch on the base circle or slong the Chordal addendum is the height from the iop of the tooth to line of action. chord subteriding the circular thickness arc. ‘Transverse circular pitch Is the circular giich in the tensverse Circular thickness is the length of arc between the two sides plane. It is the circular pitch in the piane of rotation of the gear. {gear tooth, on the specified datum circle. ‘Transverse circular thickness transverse plane, the eltculer thickness in the Diamotral piteh Is the ratio of the number of teeth to the stands pitch dlameter in inches. Normal circular thickness is the circular thickness in the normal plane. In a helical gear it may be considered as the length of arc along anomal helix. Helix angie is an angle between a tangent io the hel and the gea/s Profile shift is the-dispiaoement of the basic rack datum line from the reference cylinder, made non-dimensional by dividing ey the normal module, It is used to specify the tooth thickness, offen for zero backlash, LLeadtis the distance from any point on a thread to the corresponding: point on the next tun of the same thread, measured parallel to axis, 7 Lead angle is an angle between a tangent to the helix and a pl Rack shiftis the displacement of tum perpendicular to the axi. ph Of the too! datum line from the reference cylinder, made non-dimensional by dividing by the normal 2 module, It is used to specify the tooth thickness. Linear pitch is the distance from any point on a thread to corresponding point on the adjacent thread, measured parallel to 2s, Helical Gears Formula 4. Normal Circatar Pitch Normal hase pitch Is an involute helical gear is the base the normal plane. It is the normal distance between parallel inyolute surfaces on the plane of action in the normal piane, of length of are on the normal base helix Normal chordal thickness is the length of the chord ickness arcin the plane norm measuring diameter may be se the standard pitch diameter. jomnere: Pay = the normal diametral pitch Pen = the nermal eiculer pitch Normal circular pitch is the circular pitch in the normal and also the length of the are along the normal pitch hell helical teeth or threads. 204the normal diametral pitch the endurance stress 10. ‘where: My = the normal pressure angle ©) = the pressure angle = the helix angle the factors which depends on the elasticity of the material e where: Neo = the sénvice factor Fy = the beam fatigue strength Fa = the dynamic load Fy = therormaliorce ee ees cree ere nd experience. ioad without shock 50 for medium shock 7 75 _ for moderately heavy shock Ne = 1.78 102.00 ” for heavy’ shock 42, Limiting Wear Load L = thelead : BEG ol where n= the number of helix ea veut B= the pitch b= “the face'width = the ratio factor . y= the pinion diameter Ky = the wear factor V- = thehelix angle F, = the beam fatigue sie b= the face width 207= Fea where: - = the wear load = the dynamic load 14, Formative or Virtual, Number of Tect Ng J ‘te virtual number of teath of pinion 5s of gear teeth of gear teeth the face width the axial pitch ©. Worm Gears are used to tranemit power at high velocity Between nomintersecting shafts thet are usualy, Dut necessarily at right angles. WonM AND WonM GEAR FORMULA x. Worm Diameter g 2 °, the lead angle were: Ds = he ger diameter iy = the number of teeth in A= the lead angle ta Pex = the normal diametrel pitch the gear diemeter the worm diameter the center cistanceBeet ad wrere: 1 = the worm diameter RYE faleeeange B, 2 tegear diameter é 1 RE the Boner tot in gear where Ve = the sling velety eRe mumberot reads Ye = mewomuceehy & A” = the lead angle Note: In worm gear the ciremlar pitch is equal to axial piteh. SEE = ‘he ooo with ae Dyo = the outside diameter of worm le 8.6 Wear Factor For Worm Gear, Kw 7. Pitch Line Velocity ‘Materials ‘Thread Angie dn] fon i 3p Worm Gear Tan" | 20° | 26° | 30 z 2 - ‘Hardened steal | Chilled GO| 15} F801 F807] where: Vo eee bronze | I peed of goat iardened Sea | Bronze oo | ao | F008 | 720 havo toda Soh 250BHN [Bronze | | 6 foiaive speed ct worm Hest GT | Bronze a | TS | a0) 785] vay Fen Auriaum | 7048) = Gray iron | High-test CL. Cast steel ala, a, se - FgMen OF | Hahlet Ol | 135 Tes] BS aT whore: gz Ine efiCeNCY. on ‘ Shes) 256 Taminated [47164 [85] 85 | h = thelesd angie SHNGwin) | pheno fee fetal eeeeett Gq = the preseure ancle Gray Laminated | 708920340! ic worm _ | phenote Bat nett fecccet roe: Design of Machine Elements by Faires the torque the power n= therotative speed Wi = the tangential force on worm where: T, 240BEVEL GEARS FORMULA, D. Bevel Gears at connect intersecting shefts, usually bet sre used to connect intersecting shafts, usually t not necessarily at 80 deg. where: @ = the cutting angle y= the pitch angie = the dedendum angle where: B = the face angle y= the pitch angie @ = the addendum angle where: 5 = the dedendum angle = the length of cone = the dedendum = the addendum angle L =. the length of cone @ = the addendum = no. of teeth in pinion where: b = the face width L = the length of cone 213= the length of cone: wore: 8 pele sen Rr Ree A. Board Probiem A machine shop in Cebu City fabricated @ pai ‘module and x0 be mounted'en shafts with a cer 80 mrt. The speed ratio required is 2-1 spur gear 2.5 1e distance of beam fatigue strength the endurance stress: me ace feng ef one theo tor actor Determine the pitch diameter of pinion, A. 38mm 6.45 mm the diametral pitch B. 40mm D. 50mm 2. Determine te pitch amater of gear ero:fa = the dyericload A. 420mm ©.130 mm Reeth reneritied load B 125 mr D. 135mm a = the pich ine veoa 3. Find the numberof teeth of pinion A. 1Stecth 0.24 teeth Based on Fatigue B. 18 teeth 0.30 teetti where: Fe = beam fatigue strength Fy = the dynami¢load Find the number of teeth of gear A. 44 teeth ©. 84 teeth B 48t00th D.€0 teeth What is the expected circular pitch of pinion? A. 7.65398 mmitecth ©. 9.9785 mmtocth 8. 8.7839 rimftooth D. 9.8935 mmtooth What is the expected circular piteh of gear? A. 7.85398 mmitooth ©. 9.3785 mmutooth B. 8.7539 mmitooth D, 8.8935 mmitooth What is adsiondum? A 20mm ©.3.0mm 8 25mm D.3.8mm ‘What is dedendum? A. 9.125 mm ©.4.253 mm 215 2148. 3sztan 9.4820. clearance 8 neon c.0825mn 3. 825mm 5.0.28 mm 40, Compute te whole destn oo 8 ekenm e268 wm ae ceatavate wating 607 are : B émm beam e cast? so. watis the eect ba cocoon 8. ocarsmn bosom to, pad hoteet ess ele & Sizeam Sa mm oth pace wih “nen 6.4286:0 5 serinm b s382m 48. Determine the outsice diameter of pinion. 5 Som es 18, Daemine me onside dancer 6,120. Bom D1 mm 8. ao2smm 5.4528 mm vzersem B 13625 a 216 18. Calculate the base diameter of pinion considering 20° pressure: angle. A. 40, 288 mm ©. 42.286 mm B. 41. 509 mm D.43.168 mm 20, Calcutate the base diameter of gear considering 20° pressure angle. A. 126.35 mm ©. 127.28 mm B. 126.88 mm D. 128.29 mm i chafis A, B, and C. Shaft A has 24 teeth gear of Py with @ larger gear of shaft B having 70 teeth. A ‘smaller gear 20 teeth and Py = 3 of shaft 8 meshes with a 50 teeth gear of shaft C. 21. Determine the center distance between stiafts A’and C. A 23.42 in, ©. 28.98 in, B 25.39in, D. 30.28 in - 22. Determine the rpm of shaft B if cheft A tums 1200 rpm A 280 ©. 380 B 320 Dat 23, Determine the rpm of shaft C. A c. 180 8 165 D. 200 24. What horsepower of shaft B if shaft A SOhp and efficiency is 66 percent? A 48 ¢.50 B49 D. 82 25, What horsepower of shalt C if chaft A S0hp and efficiency is 98 percent? AaB c.50 B49 0.82 217Sotution te Teat (2 © 45mm Dp = _plich diameter of pinion Dp = 20-5 tesa 2 7 | Vr - of} a= a(?)~ Substituting equation2 in equation 4 DF B= De = 2 DO 35mm Ds the pitch diameter of gear Dp, = 48/3 D, = 138mm 3 «BCS teeth Np OF the number of teeth of pinion’ D, pieeeeierese iu “6 hese 28 Ne tooth a © sateetn Ny = the number goerteeth 218 Ne No Ne ane? M 135 25 = Séteeth 7.85398 mm /tooth = the circular pitch of pinion + (2) (ram Np ) ey, 7-85398 mm /tooth = the circular plch of gear ie (2) _ (2 (138)) : | = 7.884mm Ng} \ 54 J 2.5mm =the addendum distance 1B | 7884 eB 2 La scam Bptiee tie 325 mm = the dedandun distance LP ABB ae Peace eet 2 e625 mm = the clearance 219a zeee> Th % = 2258) 2 p25 1 5.625 mam = the whole depth = ard = 25 + 3.126 = 5.825 mm Wes 3.625 - 0.625 5.00 mm 0.0875 mm = thebacklash 0.035 - 0.095(2.) 1 = 0.0875 mm 3.883 mm, = the tooth thickness P-8 220 7.864 0.0875 = SE TE = 3583mm ‘3.97% ma = the space wiath = +s =. 3.883 + 0.0875 = 897mm som the outside diameter of pinion D, = 28 & 8 340 wien, the outside diameter of gear D, +28 38.75 mm, the roct diameter of pinion D,-24 45~2.128) 38.75 mm 128.75 mm = the root diameter of gear =D, -20 = 185-2¢.128) =) 428.75 mm’ 42.286 mm, the base diameter of pinion De cos g 45c0s20 42.288 men 224a 2 226.86 mm the base clameter of gear 136 cos 126.96 mm the distance betwoon shaft Ato shaft B Oa, 22022 Na, Ne Ne, Ne. * Beg Pg Py Py 24 70, 20 | 50 = Ba) RV” A} AS) = 9+ ere + 339+ 833 = 2az zazin aux rpm = therpm of shaft B - (8) - =) = 411.43 rem 165 5pm = therpmof shattC = atom 222 fe 411.43| 7 50 = 165:pm a9 {Se power tranemited of shafts = 0.98 69) = 49hp as = the power transmitted of shaft C = ePs = 0.98 (49) = 48np ‘Above 8496 Toto 83% Passcrs ‘Good ‘Sto Sam ‘Qualifiers | Poor 48 below | Failed Very poor 2236. Determine the normal pressure angle A 125° c. 18° B. 143° D.20° 7. Determine the efficiency, AL 48.13% 6.65.13 % B. 50.28% 0.68.27 % A.Board Problem rag 20 teeth fe erven by © 12toeth gear turing 8. Compute the roma diemetal pitch ‘gear having 60 eth compute ih an B 439 Ds98 \Watis the speed ofthe arven gear? 4 Nese 21209 8 Compute the power output of gear & eon ,200 rpm A 527 hp c.8:1enp i 8 8.27hp D.8.@¢hp 2, What would-be the speed of the idler if the idler has 24 placed between the driving and the driven gear? 10. Determine the diametral pitch, 1¢, 300 rpm A. 449 248 AL 200m Bi oeo ear ©. 400 rpm B. 398 D.328 3, What would be the speed of the driven gear if a 24tovl 11. Determine the pitch tne velocy of worm "yee placed between the crving andthe sven gear? AL 10 ts 15 us A. 100 rpm Geo re B. 12 tis D.18 fis B 480mm . 250 rpm ‘What Is the expected value of the tangential force-on worm? A. 548 los ©. 630 its B.. 580 los

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