Mathematics for Economics
Associate Professor Yuliya Gladka
[email protected] Quadratic Functions and Their Graphs
Task 1. Graph y = (x - 5)2 .
First, perfect square trinomial: 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25.
a=1, b=-10, c=25. As a>0, the graph ( parabola) opens
upward
Step 1. Find the coordinates of the vertex (x, y).
𝑏 −10
𝑥= − =− =5, 𝑦 = 52 − 10 ∙ 5 + 25 = 0,
2𝑎 2
so the coordinates of vertex are: (5;0)
Next, find the y –intercept: (x=0)
y=02 − 10 ∙ 0 + 25 = 25, the y-intercept is (0,25).
Quadratic Functions and Their Graphs
Task 1. Graph y = (x - 5)2 , continued.
Find the x-intercepts, (y=0).
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25=0,
D=𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = −10 2 − 4 ∙ 1 ∙ 25 = 100 − 100 = 0,
−𝑏± 𝐷 −(−10)± 0 10
𝑥= = = =5.
2𝑎 2 2
Or, you can use the formula of a perfect square
trinomial:
(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 +2ab+𝑏 2 , so: 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25=(𝑥 − 5)2 ,
and: (𝑥 − 5)2 =0, x=5,
the x-intercept is (5,0).
Task 1. Graph y = (x - 5)2 , continued.
Plot the points and sketch the graph.
Task 1. Graph y = (x - 5)2 , continued.
Plot the points and sketch the graph.
Task 1. Graph y = (x - 5)2 , continued.
ANSWER: C
Task 2: Identify the vertex of the parabola
Task 2: Identify the vertex of the parabola, cont.
y=𝑥 2 +3, a=1, b=0, c=3.
Find the coordinates of the vertex (x, y).
𝑏 0
𝑥= − = − =0, 𝑦 = 02 + 3 = 3,
2𝑎 2
so the coordinates of vertex are: (0;3),
ANSWER: B
Task 3: From the graph of the parabola,
determine whether the parabola opens upward
or downward, and find the vertex
Task 3: From the graph of the parabola,
determine whether the parabola opens upward
or downward, and find the vertex, continued
Task 4: Find the range of the function
f(x) = x2 - 14x + 51.
Task 4: Find the range of the function, cont.
As a>0, the graph ( parabola) opens upward. So the
range will be from vertex to ∞.
Find the coordinates of the vertex (x, y).
𝑏 −14 14
𝑥= − =− = =7, 𝑦 = 72 − 14 ∙ 7 + 51 =
2𝑎 2 2
= 2,
so the coordinates of vertex are: (7;2), we need the
y- coordinate, so the range is [2;∞].
ANSWER: C
Task 5: Find the maximum or minimum point of the
function and state whether it is a maximum or
minimum.
f(x) = x2 - 4x + 10.
Task 5: Find the maximum or minimum point of the
function and state whether it is a maximum or
minimum, continued
f(x) = x2 - 4x + 10.
Answer: B
Task 6: Find the y-intercepts and x-
intercepts.
y = x2 + 4
Task 6: Find the y-intercepts and x-
intercepts, continued.
y = x2 + 4
ANSWER: A
Task 7:Solve the equation.
x2 + 4x + 3 = 0.
Task 7:Solve the equation, continued.
x2 + 4x + 3 = 0.
a=1, b=4, c=3.
D=𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 42 − 4 ∙ 1 ∙ 3 = 16 − 12 =4,
−𝑏 ± 𝐷 −4 ± 4
𝑥= =
2𝑎 2
−4+ 4
𝑥= =-1;
2
−4− 4
𝑥= =-3;
2
ANSWER: A
Task 8: Use the square root property to find all real
solutions to the equation.
(x + 19)2 = 64.
Task 8: Use the square root property to find all real
solutions to the equation, continued.
(x + 19)2 = 64.
𝑥 + 19 = ± 64.
𝑥 + 19 = ±8.
𝑥 + 19 =8, x=-11.
𝑥 + 19 =-8, x=-27.
ANSWER: C
Task 9:State the value of the discriminant and
the number of real solutions.
s2 + 2s - 4 = 0.
A) 20, two
B) -20, two
C) 0, one
D) 20, one
Task 9:State the value of the discriminant and
the number of real solutions, continued.
s2 + 2s - 4 = 0.
• Answer: A
Task 10: Find the solutions to the equation by reading
the graph
A) {-2, 6}
B) {-12, -2}
C) {-12, 6}
D) {-12, 0}
Task 10: Find the solutions to the equation by reading
the graph
Answer: A
Task 11: For the equation in the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0, determine the number of real
solutions
x2 + 5x - 37 = 0.
A) 2
B) Cannot be determined
C) 0
D) 1
Task 11: For the equation in the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0, determine the number of real
solutions
x2 + 5x - 37 = 0.
Answer: A
