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pacurupn;racb c$epa HcclreAoBaHuit u'tucno Hcrronb3yeMtrx q:blxoe. Ec- perxuTb ocHoBHbreBonpocbr reopuu nepeBoAa, a HMeHHo:why (noueuy),
nu paHbue aKr_leHT Aentrncc ToJIbKo Ha nepeBoAe c pyccKoro r3r,rKa Ha what (uro) n how (xax). Heo6xoArrMo ilyrcM rxupoKlrx Ha)AHbrx HccneAo-
KHTafcKHfi, a Ha BTopoM Mecre 6sr,r nepenoA c asmuficKoro Ha runaft- saHuir Aoc[tqb o6u1ero, eAHHoro H ttpaBltnbHofo troH]4MaHHr,a 3areM Ha
crcnfi, To rerrepb, KpoMe 3THX ABlx fi3brKoB.pa6orsr rarur(e BeAyrcc rlo srofi HaAeluoil ocHose nocrefleHHo co3.qarbcoBepueHHyro cucreMy reo-
ilepeBoAy Ha xzraficrcufi qssrrcc $paHqy:cKofo, HeMeuKoro H qnoHcKoro pnlr nepeBoAa>>ll 4, 3 8---4 I ].
r3brKoB H AzDKec rcnrafrcrcoro s3brKa Ha aHfnuficKurt, pyccrc*fi1 Qpanqy:- HaAo crcasat, uro Jlao JIyH npuruer rc rarcofi rcpavrolrHoft HAee He
crrlfi, uenreqrcufi.u q[oHcKr.rfi I3L,IKH.Bo-nroplrx, nocreneHHo pacrxupr- BApyf, a Ha ocHoBaHHunpeArxecrByloulefo onl,rra v3yqenufl, npo6leu ne-
Iorcrl Macurra6sr erccnepuMeHToBH Hx qucJro. Cefiqac pa6orst BeAyrcc c peBoAa. B csoefi crarbe, o3arJraB;reHHofi<Or6pocnTb L.rJrJrro3r4u,
coeAn-
20 nporparrrMaMu,H ycnerxHo nepeBoA{Tcr 3HaqnTenbHbreo6T,eMbrMa- HHTbct c npaxruxofi), oH foBopHT, rrro npeArIpnHHMaeMbIeHbIHenonblT-
Tepnana: or crurorrrHofo reKcra n 100 npe4;loxeHnfi Ao HecKonbKHXcor xlr srrilTr.{ H3 TeoperHqecKoro rynr{Ka H co3Aarb HayKy o [epeBoAe Ha oc-
npeAno)KeHHfi,a Hercoropbre nporpaMMbl Moryr 3a oAHH pa3 rrepeBecrn HoBe fpaHAuo3Hbrx rrJraHoB,Koropbre npeAnaraJr Xoruc eqe B 1972r.,
Marepr{afl o6renaou s 5 rbrc. cnoBapHbrx eAHHr,fq.B npegelax orpaHH- HecocrorrenrHu. 3rn HAen 3ax;rroqarvcb B TOM, qro (nepeBoA AoJDKeH
.reHHoftTeMarHKr,rror{Hocrb rrepeBoAacocraBJrrer oKono 80% l, 36]. noApa3Aenrrbcr Ha rpr,r pa3Aena: orrHcareJrbnHfi,reopernqecrcufi H npaK-
U
B nocneqyor{He roAbr nepeBoAoBeAeHues Krarae npoAon)ftrno nocre- r^ugecrcuil 3aAaqefi onHcareJrbHoro pa3Aena[epeBoAa rBrurercq onncaHue
rIeHHopa3Bl,rBarbcq.B 70-e n 80-e ro4tr XX seKa (KrirailcKafl HayKa o rre- nepeBoArrecKr4xqsreHHfi B oKpy)KarcueM Hac MHpe, Brurrcqax oco6eHuo-
peBoAe nepexuBaJra nepzoA caMooco3HaHu.n,90-e ro4sr 6ruru neplroAoM porrb 3Toro rrpor,r3BeAeHura o6qecr-
crH nepeBeAenHoro npoH3BeAeHVs,,
rro6anbHoro npr.rBeAeHHsB rroprAoK HaKorureHHbrx3Hauni, 3aHMcrBoBa- seHHofi Kynbrype r3brKa rrepeBoAa,a rapKe caM rlpouecc neperoga. 3a4a-
HvtA yt o6MeHa orrbrroM, a reflepb Ha\rarc .3Tan BcecroporrHefo crpou- .refi reopornvecKofo pa3Aena Aon)KHo 6srrl ucnolb3oBaHHe pe3ynbraroB
TeJrbcrBar{ nocreneHHofo ABH>KeHH.fl K B3pocneHuro) U2,7ll. }ror npo- orrHcaTeJrbHofopa3Aena, coeAHHeHHeux c MaTepHrrnaMH,KoTopbreAaIoT
g
qecc npoxoAl,rt o6craHoBKe ocrpbrx AncKyccui4, o r{eM Mo}(Ho cyAt{Tb no cMe)KHbreHayKV,aupa6orrca Ha r.{xocHoBe o6o6qeurar HeKoropr,rx npr.rH-
Marepuai5/ crarbu Jlnut tl_rrasa <O6rop nepeBoAqecKn2(HccneAoBaunft e rIHrroB, reopnil n uoAerefi, c reu qro6sr o6rgcnum H npeAcKa3arb sB-
Kurae sa 1996 ro4> [3, 42-45]. Aerop orMeqaer, qro B nepBoft nolo- renvrL Koropbre Bo3HHKarorn cQepe nonqrHfi lrepeBoAa. llparcrnuecrcufi
swHe 1996 r. s o6racru H3yveHufl nepeBoAa Ha6moAanocb orHocnreJrbHoe pa3Aena nepeBoAa BKffoqagT qeTbrpe acneKra: npe[oAaBaHHe nepeBoAa,
3arHIIIbe, xax4ufi yteHuft cnorcoftHo 3aHHMiIJrcrcBoHM AeJroM- r,t:fre- cocraB.[eH]renoco6nfi, nrpa6orxy [onHT]rKI4H KpH'rHKynepeBoAa).
It{ Kumailcrcui nsux. I'eopust u npaKmuKa nepecoda lnaea I . Kpamxan ucmopl& nepecodocedeHune Kumae l9

JIao Jlyu crrnTaer, qro npeAcraBJreHHbre

Bbr[re ruraHbrrpaHAHo3HbIno TUIerHo nbrratcb Oe3BcqKHXAoKa3areJlbcrBco3Aarb HayKy o nepeBoAe,
cBoHMVaCUrra6anr. TpyAHoBbrrronHHMbt no cBoHM3aAaqaMpI MajloflorurT- uanoAo6ae Bo3AyrxHbrx3aMKoB,To MbI HaBepHtKa[orepnt4M HeyAaqy.
HbrB 'l€opernqecKoMorHoueHr4u.C 1972 r. npouno y"xe 23 roAa, a 3a 3To 14:ro 6yaer caur'tfi npncxop6Hr,til H onacurtfr nyr;>.
BpeMt oT lHfaHTcKr4x rrpoeKToBco3AaHH_s ([epeBoAoBeAeHHrr) He ocTa- lloAH.ffra.flJIao JlyHotrrreMa onpeAeJIeHHtnoHtruq (nepeBoAoBeAe-
KOfAa etlle r{TO-nH6O[OtB]tTCt. HU OAHHn:
JIOCbr{ CJreAa,H HeH3BeCTHO, uapoxlrft orKJtHK.Cro JlltntnH cAenan [onblrKy ycraHo-
Hne) Bbr3Bzura
ocHoBHbrxBo[pocoB nparcHKHrrepeBoAaTaK H He pe[reH, H AzDKeHercHo, BHTb npuHuunbr H nyrn pa3BI4THt{coBpeMenHofi HayKH o nepeBoAe,
(qTo )Ke TaKoe [epeBoA>. To )Ke caMoe oTHocr4Tcqn K cocTorHH]o Aen B
cqvTafl qTo (ilepeBoA - 3To MexT,s3blKoBaqnepeAaqa nu$opvaquu n
o6racru [epeBoAa s Knrae. Kr.rraficrcuereoperuKu eule 40 ner HzBaAcra- xy:rrrypHufi o6ues Me)rqy HaIrHqMI4,I4MeIouIrMH pa3Hble q3bIKH)),
BHIH flepeA co6ofi TaKHe)Ke BeJrHKr{eqenH co3AaHHfl([epeBoAoBeAeHHq), (Hayr{Hbre acneKTbr HayKh o rlepeBoAe, floxoxe, Moryr orlldparbct Ha
[pnqeM foA oT roAa 3TH ueJrHcTaHoByurr4cb
Bce fpaHAHo3Hee,oAHaKoAo rpr4 ocHoBbr:c3brKo3Hauue, QulocoSraro H Kynbrypy) [15].Jho MnunH
cHX nop, KaK H B Cny{ae c Xorucov, oHH rro-npe)KHeMynpeAcTaBJr.rrroT fioJraraer, rlro (Bo-[epBblx, ll3yqeHue reopul,l ilepeBoAa Ao;rxno 6url
co6ofi ryMaHHbre rpe3br. llo:ronay 3aKoHoMepHoBo3HHKarorcneA),roulr4e cBr3ano c q:brxosofi pe€InbHocrbrcAaHsofr crpaHbl, To ecrb oHo Aon)K-
Borrpocbr:qro xe raKoe B KoHrIeKoHrloB(nepeBoAoBeAeHue>? Kaxoe co- Ho HcxoAflTa nz pear'uit t3blKa H Kynbrypbl Aauuofi crpaHbl tl Aaunofi
Aep)KaHHeBrulaAbrBaercqB 3To rloturrr{e? PerueHue KaKKX3aAaq oHo cra- HarrHH,oco6euHo t{x Heo6bIr{HbIXLlepr (heterology), ncxoAt4Tb H3 pe-
BHTnepeA co6ofi? Karc perurlrt sru :a4avu? 14 ecrl nH peaJrbHiurBo3Mox- alrsofr curyaL\Av B I,I3yqeHHH I.I conocraBreHna .fl3blKa H Kynbrypbl.
HOCTbr,D(OCyrqeCrnleuua? Bo-nropux, geo6xoAavo yAenqrb 6olruree BHHMaHHerouy, uro6u
Paccvarpunar pa3rrbreHa3BaHHrHayKu o nepeBoAe, npeAJraraeMbre TeopeThqecKHeHccneAoBaHHqIIJII,I B HailpaBneHHHcHcreMaTLr3aL\HV,
yqeHbrMu B HeKoropbrx crpaHax, raKue rcax Translation Theory (Peter yflopcAoqeHut u yrty6.reHl,Ic. B-rperlnx, BecbMa :QSexrranntte pe-
Newmark, AHuar), Translatology (KaHaaa), Tranductologia (I4cna- 3ynbrarbr Mofyr npuHecrH HccneAoBaHHt,BbIXoAtIIIHe3a paunu co6-
Hur), Translation Studies (fo;rnaHgnr A Benbrz.a), JIao JIyH npuxogur crBeHHo IIepeBoAa,oco6eHHo H3yrreHueKynbryponofuqecKHX acneKToB
K B b I B OAy, q T O BCe 3 T n Ha HM e HOBa H H q C H H OH H MH Ti H bTTepMH H y (TeOpH q
rrepeBoAa. B-uerneprslx, cneAyer yAentrb BHHMaHHenperIoAaBaHI4IO
nepeBoAa) u ue 6olee roro. B Kurae rpaAr{rIHoHHaflTeopvtenepeBoAa nepeBoAa, ero HayqHocrn H HopMarv3auvn>>.B ro xe BpeMt IIto Mu-
TaKxe cyulecrByer AaBHo,a B Hacros[-lee BpeMfl pa6or e erofi o6,racrn LIHHcquTaer, r{To cefiqac reoperHr{ecKne HccneAoBaHHss o6racru ne-
rrperxocraroqHo,rro3ToMy(HayKa o nepeBoAe) e Khrae yxe ecrb, H He- peBoAa nepexnBaror (rIepHoA 3acrot)) [16,2-7]. C HuM, oqeBHAHo,
3aqeM n:o6perars KaKoe-ToraM (rrepeBoAoBeAeHHe)). corJraceH u -fu CroxyH, Koropblfi no;lafaer, .{ro e Karae <cefiqac nc-
B urore IIao Jlyu rpnxoAr{r x 6e:orpa4HoMy BbrBoAy:<<cefrvacpe- cneAoBarenras o6,'racrH nepeBoAa HaxoAtrct Ha rlepenyrbe, oHH HITIYT,
ulrlbHoenoJro)KeHneg o6racru rrepeBoAay Hac raKoBo, r{To, c oAuofi KyAa HanpaBnrbcl) [17, 8-l l].
cropoHbl, g 6o,'rlrxr4x uacrura6ax ocyuecrBJrrercq crenat{ tIpaKT[Ka, Hexoropue yqeHble He coulacHbl c yrBepxqeHueM JIao Jlyua o roM,
a c 4pyrofr - HerrpepbrBHoco3Aarorcr nycrbte reopuu. 14 aro neqant- qro (or nepeBoAoBe1etvIfl He ocrzulocb H cneAa)). BaH lyHSeH ra r{y
so. Mu AonxHbr pemnTeJrbHou3MeHurb 3Ty cuTyarluro>. .{aree on HxuAa HarroMrrHalor,qro eule B 80-x roAax s Kurae 6tIra HgAaHaKHLI-
npeAJraraerorBernTb Ha rrpuBeAeHHbre Bbr[re Bofipocbr why, what, how ra XyaH nyrn (ffifi) (ffJil++), 3HaqHr,
<Hayrao repeBoAe)) crleAbl
u t-oBopr,rr,r{To (ecrn MbI oropBeMct or ocHoBbrnepeBoArtecxoil npax- Bce-TaKLI ecrb, a B nocJIeAHHe roAbt a o6racrH [epeBoAa flortBl'{rocb
Tr4Kvrvr 6yaeu orruparbcr Jrutilb Ha cy6r,exruaHbre npeAcraBJreHuq, oco6euHo MHoro pa6or. To, ulo nepeBoArIHK nrt6upaer cy6tercrltnHsle
20 Kumailcxufiasom.Teopunu npaKmuKanepeeoda fnaea I . Kpamxatr ucmopta nepeeodoeedeuun o Kumae 21

cnocoobt nepeAaqHcMbIcJIa,BoBce He paBHo3HaqHo),TBepxAeHHro,rITo Bonpoc o KpHTepHrx [epeBoAa flBrrelcfl oAHHMH3 ueHTpanbHbrxB

([epeBoAqecKar AetTenbHocTb He noAqHHreTcq o6'beKTLlr]HbrM
3aKo- o6cyx4arscr B Ha-
IrayKe o [epeBoAe, H oH npoAoJrxaeT o)KHBJ]eHHo
HaM)), noToMy r{To rrepeBoA [peAcraBnreT co6ofr [paKTHqecKyro Aer- c'ro.sulee BpeMfl. Bau lyuQsH BbrABrlraer HoBylo HHTep[perarIHIo no-
TeJIbHOCTb,a rrayKa o nepeBoAe- cHcTeMy TeopeTHqecKHX3HaHHil O rtrrur (crnlls> (tff .a), npe4roxeHHofo ,fHr (Dy: ((3crernKa q3brKa)),
cooTBeTcTByroqefi[paKTHqecKofrAeqTenbHocr n. vlz yTBepxAeHHq,qTo KOTOpaqB pa3nHr{frbrxqsbrKoBbrxrrpoH3BeAeHHqxnpotBnreTcq B Tpex
nepeBoA He tBIceTCfl HayKOfr,BOBCeHe CneAyeT,r{TO[epeBOAOBeAeHHe ')crernqecKux
Qopvax: B crpeMneHr.{r4co6n}oAarb ?THeecKneHopMbr B
He rBJrqercr HayKoil [1 8]. pa3foBopHoM r3brKe noBceAHeBHoroo6uleHnr; e co6rrcAeHl'1|H3THr{e-
.{ucrcyccu.nrapKe pa3BepHynacbno Bonpocy o roM, B qeM c}"rb nepe- cKHX HOpN{B rlpon3BeAeHHrXOsnqlralluo-AenoBofo, }{ayqHo-TexHHqe-
BoAa, KaKofi cnoco6 [epeBoAa h KaKofi TeKcr nepeBoAa cqHTaTbJryr{[JH- cKoro n rry6naqncruqecKofo cruneii; B co6nroAeHuu 3crerHKH HcKyc-
Mu. K3 (Defi Hsroxnn cJreAyrcqne coo6paxeuu-a $ruoco$oa ua aror crBa B npor,r3Be.4eHurxxyAo)KecrBeHHofo crulr. 1221.
c.rer: 1) cyrb nepeBoAaB ToM, rtro cMbrcJr(rexcra) o.{nH, a lssrrcoe (ne- OeH 9>r<HrlgeH O3H faftnuH rrpe.qnararor,Hcxort u: no:nqr.rfi reo-
penoga) MHoro; 2) 4oclonepHocrr ({r cuua) gon>xHa6brrb Ha nepBoM !.Ba ocHoBHbrxKpHTepHr nepeBoAa: paBHorIeHHocTb
pnz nuQoprraalul,1l|1lr
Mecre, Ho a6conlorHar AocroBepHocrb cyruecrByer Jrlrrrrb B rlgeane; 3) n uHsoprr,raunHnepeBeAeHHoro14opufHHirnbHofo TeKcToB,a raKxe cTe-
KarlecrBe ocHoBHofo cnoco6a nepeBoAa AoJDr(eH6urt cl,tt lclonoil; neHr nH$opMarHBHocrH nepeBoAa123, 19-211.
4) rpy4Hocru nepeBoAacBr3aHr,rKaK c r3brKonrruu SarcropaMu,TaK H c klzyrcuue npouecca nepeBoAa ocyuecrBnrerct KHTafrcKUMHyqeHbrMu
LIro Kacaercr noc;reAHeroacneKra, ro lOasr
$arcropaulr Kynbrypbr [19]. c pa3Hbrx nosnunfi. l{:rH {roca u 9xau EoxaHs nblTatorcfl rIpHMeHHrb
JIu noraraer, qro (n3yqarb nepeBoA c ror{Kl.r 3peHHJrKynbrypbr Bo3Mo)r(- A,Tt Hccne.qoBatwflnepeBoAa (tleJlocrHoct.l nonqruil)), Koropzur qBrqerct
Ho a Heo6xoArlMo.B rcosequov cqere, rrepeBoA-- 3To npeAcraBneHHe ocHoBHbrMnpuHuhnoM fettlTaJ]brncrlxoJ]orHu. Ouu noguepKuBalor, qro
cpeAcrBaMHcnoeil ny,rsryplr leleHnii Apyrofi Kynbrypbt, nepeBoA caM noHuMaHHeopnrnHarra npn rrepeBoAeAoJDKHoHATHor o6qero K qacrHo-
no ce6e o6pa3yer qacrb rpaAHqufi HaquoHal;Hofi Kynbrypr,l, 143HaLreHHe ny. Torsro rroJrHocrbroyrcHLrB cMLIcr reKcra opHrHHaJIaH co3AaBlreno-
nepeBoAa Bo BHy'rpeHHeMcoAep)KaHHr,rKynbTypbr AareKo npeBocxoAHT cTHOenpeAcTaBJreHHe o HeM, Mo)KHo3aTeMrIpeBpaTHTb3TO npeAcTaBne-
no oxBaTy u rly6nue 3HaqeHHeqHcTo rrHcbMeHHofo[epeBoAa, a noToMy HHe B r3brK rrepeBoAa[24, 15-18]. JIo folnHr cqnraer, qro H])KHo KaK
cJreAyerpa3nuqarb [epeBoA B trrrrpoKoM14y3KoMcruuc,re> [20]. MOXfiOnyque nepeAaBaTr,cTr4nbrrepeBoAHMoro[poH3BeAeHHsv KpkrTt4-
JLo Murlun nper/raraer paccMarpnBarb reoper[qecKyro cncreMy nepe- Kysr MoAHoecefiqac crpeMneHue K KpacuBocru Spa:r B nepeBoAe,Koropoe
BoAaB Kurae c rorrKu 3peHnrr3creruKn, BbrAenrr rpH [nocKocrn nepeBoA- npeAcraBJuer co6oft norrbrrKy cKpbITb 6eAsocrr ucilonb3yeMblx rIpHeMoB
qecxofr AerrenbHocru: ceMaHTurrecKyro,norlrqecKylo H 3crsrr4qecxyro. OH Xoy Befixyfi, laccnerys KynbrypHoe coAep)KaHueo6pa:a,
[25,22-25].
cr{HTaer, qro ecrb rpn KpHTepHgr*rHlBt4crrl.{ecxofr 3crernKl{: AocroBep- oKpacKy, nepeBoAl4MocTblI HenepeBoAHMocrb,a raKxe
Haqr,roHarrbHyTo
Hocru (equivalence), Brurroqa.r3KBHBaJTeH'r'HOcrb
r3brKoBrx o6pason; rc- cnoco6u pe[reHur :rnx npo6reM, rroJrarasr, uro o6pa: n nepeno4e Il o6-
HOCTL,TO eCTb TCHOCTL
XOAa MbICJIHH rrcnonb3yeMbrx cJ.IoB;ynorpe6u- [epeAaBaTLcxo.qHoeKyJlbrypHoe coAep)I(aHHeH
pa3 B opr4fHH€ureAOJDKHbI
T9JIITHOCTb, TO eCTb COOTBeTCTBH€ HCIIOnb3yeMblX CnOB n CHHTaKCHq€CKI4X orleHoqHyro oKpacKy, AoDKHbr H y r{uTarenc nepeBoAa,H y qHTaTenflopn-
crpycryp o6rqenpurnrbrM HopMaM, HcKJrroqeHHe rrpon3Bonbsocrn. 3cre- ruHara Bbr3brBarbcxoAHoe 3crerurlecKoe vyncreo [26].
pIMeeT
THKa.rr3blKa 3Har{eHHerIpH nepeBoAeHe ToJIbKon}rTeparypHL,Ix,Ho H Crperrlrcs HcrroJrb3oBarbB cBorrx HccneAoBaHntx coBpeMeHHbIeAo-
HenureparypHbrx rrpou3Be reHr4it 12| l. crH)KeHH{ HayKI{, rnraficxue ylteHble He ga6rtsarcr a o6 l4ile[X, BLIABH-
22 Kumaiicxuii asux. Teopun tr npaKmuKa nepecoda fnaea I . Kpantxan ucmopufl nepeeodoeedeuw e Kumae 23

HyTbrx paHee H Ao cHX nop flpeAcTaBnflroulr4xueHHocTbAnq TeopHHne- co3AaJrreopH}o BapHaruBHoto nepeBoA4

rroe Teoperr{qecKoe MbrrIrJreHHe,
peBoAa. qacro MoxHo BcrpeTr4Tbpa6oTbr, B KoTopbrx H3Jraralorcs a [o- ()cHoBaHHyloHa lepeBoArrecrcoilnparcu4Ke,qro Mo)r(HocrruTarb [popblBoM
HOBOMypaCCMaTpHBarOTCr
B3fJrrAbr BHAHbTXnpeAcTaBr.rTenefr
CTapOfr B TeopernqecKrrx HccneAoBaHfiqxs Haltrefi ,ApeeHeficrparje - Knrae> (.f1,
rrrKoJrbrreopHH H [paKTHKr.r[epeBoAa. ]o crarln BaH KaQ:r <I]:rortao- i t iEfr.+H1'Xrtnl+JifYI- {f t fD [33,IX]. flo4<eapnar,BHbrM
repe-
Jrourr.rH .flHs @y> [6,38-39], t{sHr I-koaHbMHHa<-flnr @y IIOAOM)B AaHHOMCnyqaeHMeeTCqB BHAy(AetTeJ'IbHOCTb nepeBOAqHKa, KO-
noJro)KHHK,rrpeAnoxuBrxufr cucrelrubre u coBeprrleHHr,teKpHTepr.{I4 tre- 'roprrfi B 3aBHcHMocrHor KoHKperHbrxycrloBufi a rpe6osarrufi rourcperHoro
peBoAa) 127,30-321, t{eHs XyH4yna <Cyxgeuraa o repeBoAe, Koropbl- rrnrareJrr r4cnonb3yer rrpH nepeBoAe H3BneqeHHecoorBersrB)'loulefo co-
Mn He cireAyer npeue6perar B3fJrflAaxHa repeBoA Jlnur lOfirauo> c noMolrtblo raKp{,xrlt6xzx npuer\roB,xar 4o6an-
IcpxaHHr H3 opr,r-fuHzrfla
128,26-33} neHne nu$opr'rauzn, yMeHbuenue uHSopnraul{H; rlepeAava nu$oprtaqnu
B qe,.roru,HecMorpq Ha ro qro (3a [ocneAHue 2A tq
HccneAoBaHHqB yMeHb[IeHHeMulrvr B ocHoBHoM6e: usN{eHe-
opnruHzlna c He3HaqpITeJIL,HbrM
o6lacrn nepeBoAae KHTaeAogn{fnn 3HarlllTerbHofo pa3Bnrnt)), HaAo r{gr- ur4r; onucaHue - nepeAaqa roro )r(e KorHqecraa uH$opuaur4n, qro H B
KOOCO3HaBaTb,qTO((CO3AaHHe
nepeBOAOBeAeHHt HZ|XOAHTC.g
JIHllIb B Haqiue ()pl,truHurne,coKparr{eHne nH$oprraqHn; coeAHHeHI4e- cocpeAororreHue
cBoefo nyrn, 6ollurnHcrBo r4ccneAoBaHufiocrauosnnocb Ha 3Tane eAH- eceft rlH$opMaquH opuruHafla; H3MeHeHLIe- coxpaHeuue uHQoplraqrarl
Hr.rr{Hofo,pa3po3HeHHofoconocraBfleHur B o6lacm q3brK4 nzTeparypbr r.r ero crpylcrypbl [33, 108].
opuruHiurarpH u3MeHeHhH
Kyrbrypbr, H oqeHb MirJrocrdcreMHrx uy6orurx uccJreAoBaHHfi
6oree srrco- H:rox<enuue BbrurecBeAeHut o pa6orax B o6nacrH TeopHH[epeBoAa
Koro ypoBru c roqKn 3peHnr Sra-iroco$nra,3srsrHKH, counonorHrr H Hleono- e Kutae, KoHerrHo,He qBrtlorcq fIOJIHbIMI,I,
Ho oHH Aalor npeAcraBJIeHHe
ruu Kynbryprs>>129,3]. K uccre4oBaHurM TaKoro poAa Mo)ruo orHecru He- o roM, B KaKHXHanpaBneHr,rqx 3Ta pa6ora [poBoAurcq u KaKoBbIHeKoro-
AaBHo BbrrreAurne B cBer HecKoJrbKovoHorpaQnfi aBTopuTerHbrxcnequa- pbre ee pe3ynbrarbt. B qe,ronr, ueo6xoAuuo orMerHTb, tITo B cBollx reo-
JrHcroB B TeopHH rrepeBoAa. Hanpunep, H3AaHHuure KFIP KHara ouupalorcq B ocHoBHoM
per[rlecKHx li3brcKaHurx rcurafrcrcueJIHHrBHcTbI
rafisaHlcxoro npoQeccopa tOfi fyauuxyHa, a roropofi oH yAenrer BHHMa- ua pa6oru 3anaAHbrxyqeHblx, xorq oHH 3HaKoMbru c cocroqHl{eMAen B
HHe raKHM BotrpocaM,KaK cpaBHeHHesanaAuoft r,r nuraficxoft Kynbrypbr c HayKeo nepeBoAe,Koropoe cJloxuJtocb n CCCP, a [o3AHee n e Pocctlr.
TorrKH3peHHJrnepeBoA4 rrepeBoAnpor,BBeAeHr.rfi
4peeuefi u conpeuenuofi Tarc, c:re4yer yroMqHyrb o crarbe Ilair kI <llpeno4anaHue repeBoAa B
rrraficrcoil Jlureparypbr Ha 3a[aAHbre r3brKn, rrepeBoAqecKoeHcKyccrBo H CCCP), rAe paccKa3brBaercqo Kypce lexquil no MeroAHKenpenoAaBa-
Ap. [30]. JIu [OHcus paccMarpnBaer Bonpocbr nepeBoAa c rorrKu 3peHH-fl uLrA nepeBoAa, npor{HTaHHbIX s Mfrl.nklA npoQeccoporra
JrvrBHcrHKHTeKcr4 rraBHbrMo6pa:onr onuparrcb Ha pa6omr 3anaAHbrx) {e- B. H. KonanccapoBbrM134,47-50]. 3ror xe aBrop I,I3JIoII(HJI
HcropHro
Hbrx Lr cpaBHHBar pe3ynbrarbr r.rx HccneAoBasui't c KoHKperHbrMMarepua- r431^{eHurreopHn rrepeBo.qae CCCP B crarbe <.{na HanpaBJIeHHtB co-
lor'a ruffailcrun< TeKcroB [31]. BonpocaM nr4reparypHoro nepeBoAaB 3anaA- sercrcoft Teopr4HnepeBoAa) 135,44-461. BaH JIafi paccra:trn o Aocru-
Hofi, pyccnofi n rurraficxoit rpagwstn nocBrlrleHa uouorpa$ur Ce TqHb- xeHurx coBercKoro repeBoAoBeileHns sa 70rer [36,47-50], a IIro
.oKoIUI [32]. V, HaKoHerI, XyaH 9xcyrnrHr s csoefi xHnre <Teopur MuHr - o poBercrcofireopun nepeBoAaH ee pinBuruu 137,55-59]. Ce
BapHarHBHofonepeBoAa) ({i+ iA Enuou.nyuu),KaK cr{HTaercr, ((BrrcpBble llgyqsrcHs ony6rnrcoran Mareplltrnbl <.{ncrcyccuu no npo6revaM rlire-
za 20 ner c[Ka3ancr crr 3aBucHMosru xnraftcxoro nepeBoAoBeAeHHJr crr 3a- parypFroro rrepeBoAacpeAn coBercKHX [epeBoAqI4KoB), npoBoAltsurefrcs
py6exHofi Teopltu [epeBoAa. Artop ncxoAnJr r43pe€utbHoforroJro)r(eHurB Ha crpaHnuax ra3erbr <J-Iureparypuoe o6o:peHue> [38, 43-46). Ho pa-
o6racrn ilepeBoAa), Kc[opoe cJro)<lrJrocbn Kmae, H (r{cnonb3yr a6crparr- 6or, n Koropbrx r,r3yqeHHenpo6rev nepeBoAa ocyulecrBnqerc.l Ha Mare-
1A Kumaucxui nsutrc. Teopun u npaKmuKa nepeeoda
__ fnaea I . Kpamrcaa
ucmopu-s
nepeeodctaedeuun
e Kumae 25

pnaJre conocTaBlleHus KldTancKoro r3brKa c pyccKHM, cefrqac BbIXOAHT l. K cyu - AuHacrHACyn(420-479)

oqeHb Muuro.ocHoBHafl Macca conocTaBHTeJrbHbrx pa6oT cAenaHaHa Ma- 4.Iljl uuu - AaHacrvs, MnH (1368-1644)
TepnzureaHrnHfrcKorolr KuTaficKoror3btKoB. 5. i7\ 4ttu - AAHacrLr.e.
[rarr (1 644-1911)
(t )fFtj+[h+ nnnHbvncaHblrncsrl- (onuyMHrreeoilHbr))(1S40-I842)
a 3aAanus lr ynpaxHeHue l. la[! ycbt - aHTnr4Mrrepnrlrtucrlrr{ecKoe ABn)KeHrle,HaqaBrrreecr
B
flexuHe 4 mas l9l9 r
1 . Ha ocnoee u3nor@HHoeoauwe meopemuqecKoeo Mamepuana,
It. J{ ,lroro- caHcKpr'{r'
ucnonbsye KoMMeHmapud,nepeeedume ua pyccxuil e3HK cne-
dyroque npednoKeHun, Kacarcu4uectrnpo5nent nepeeoda. 9 . lX xaua - 1;alacrvrs,XaHr (206 f. Ao H. i. - 220 r. u. :.)
I 0 . li# cnuoryuHb- HcropHrrecKufinepuoa Ao o6r,eAnueHprq Kura-s
1 + tr ffig.Li! II,d =-i^trUi+ Hi$n , 6ir 6tr *fftvfr%ffiil rroA BnacrbrcIfnur, T. e. nepuoA <BecHrr u OceHu u Bororcrqux
i+. Hfrffi4)Jfi''tf+ttrtrl]i+
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ti',j= }tffUt+Hi$ifti* VL+Afr\" xraraficxofi KoMnaprltH, Bbr.4BHHyrbrfie 1956 r. Ntt nooqpeHur pa3-
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^H Conocmaetme npednoKeHHbrcHUKe nonapHo moqKu speHue Ha
h)Lfr, HHfy-\4trIA€AT-€. npo5neM] nepeeoda 3apy6oKHbtx u KumadcKuxaemopoe (non*
4 +ttrH x+ id,fiTX ft'ltrUi+, T ft.th+txD)tr Vl\#,AffiU syecb KoMMeHmapueM,nepeeedume ux abrcKa3bgaHuflHa pyc-
i+, ffiiBrhir;*HtFfiffii+tritrUi+.(rt& 4f> BII€+I cKui s3btK). O6ancuume, e qeM cocmoum cxodcmeo u pasnuque
E H f ?' iefi T* H!ffi tr ff'.li*;jf ff{i,+. npedcmaeneHHbtxuueu ud.
s.,ii.Etx ifi. ilt/L+-+ttrtil+$trJt n ilrLT --+E x
i+ffi6fr 1. a) flepeao4uur HanoMr,rHaercBoAHro, Koropaq, pacxBzrnuBat
+rg. glaiiffi. /\,frl[ie - &flffi+9.,frkfr^r":*ffiEl AocroHHcrBarrpr,rKpbrroil
tyalrrc KpacaBnrlbr,
Bbr3brBaer
He-
gEifr. npeo6oprEtrloex(eJrraHHeno3HaKoMHTrcr c opHrHHaJroM
[H. B. fere, 40, 359].
Konauexrapnfi HA )KtrUftEfltJrc1-+nl1?ffih
6\&'+Hii fr (&l
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4,,, nA't€S tlr
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Tau (618-907) 'rtH,39,201.
26 Kumaiicxuil nsam. Teoptn u npaKmuKa nepeeoda fnaea I . Kpamxan ucmopltt nepecodooedeuun e Kumae

2. a) flepenoA - t{To )KeHUIHHa:ec,'tH oHa KpacliBa, oHa HeBepHa; ( 3) xt'+,ff#*H'rtn Rfrl6fiii,

ecnH BepHa- HeKpacnaa.(flocroelrqa) (4) x{fZ\trf+4lt. A AWrAillA?,h" tf,tinit,10,1031.
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TeKcl'opl{fuHatra.noHtrr, Bce efo roHKocrn. 3ro o6rlqHo cqH- .l'lnreparypa
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3Harb HHocrpauuufi fl3brKH ero oco6euHocrn.
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6{i+ffii11.
pHanoM n relroft nepeBoAhMoro npon3BeAeHnq.3ror Heo6u- 3 5Kf{+h.Xf +Ji tre +HI+id,+tBtfiU1+. ffUi+Ei]1" 1e84
qafiuo saxHr,rfi Qamop qacro HeAoorreHnBaror,nopoil 4axe 4-, aW1"
:a6usalor o HeM. -fl He naory rroHrrb KHHry, Koropas u:o6pa- A. II. y rI:HrsHr,u ero poMaH<flyreruecrar{e
4. Poeaueo Ha 3anaA).M.,
)Kaer xH3Hb XVI sercar.rHanncaHa 6u,ra s XVI sexe. ecJII4He 1984.
r.r3yr{y3Tor HcropuqecrclrfrnepHoA. s.ffiZ, *#fr,. +tr8'ftfiU1+jYrtrnffi. fiU1+Ein. lrl4 +-,
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ece 6orarcrBo poAHoro r3brKa, cso6oAno nsr6upar caMoe
Hy)KHoe,caMoe noAxoAfiilIee, caMoe BepHoe [Als$pea Kypen-
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28 Kumaiicxuti asotx. '['eopu.tr.u npaKmuKa nepecoda

rt |ltuk*" ffUi+i$ " + trfiUi+" tse6

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+trfiU1+. tggtrt',t!.fr" Mll.x 3HaKoBAocrmaer MHorr.rx rL,rcqq)) f 1,48]. C,roxsocu uepomuQu-
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sfi f. t l>xn$auona.Oqeur noxo)KH uepor.lu$u -9 y
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ny6ruqncrnxa.M., 1987.
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qt.HlfitrC,ilm" iAi+#.}l4l*" +[qfiUi+.zoosl,f-.
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/(L)re3To 6luo HasnaunepacreHar (nuHAepa uustw6yxonucrHarr).
 ftaea 2 . Kumaucxaa nucb,vteilHocmau neDeood a1
30 Kumaitcxuil nzux. Teopun u npaKmuKa nepeaoda -)l

cr(ofo, a nepeBoAqHK npH 3TOM eule H nepenyTan oKoHqaHHe _ev c _en

flepeeo4Sarv.ustwir,a raK)Ke ApyrHX HMeH co6crBeHHbIX, npeA-
rt rrepeAanefo nepornr4$ouI3Hnu [2,421.
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38 Kumaticxuti ntatx. Tr'upun u nPa|muKa nL'pt'6u0Ll I-naea 2 . Ktrmuftcxaa nucb.t4eHt!ocmou nepeeod 39

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to.{diPu}. , Ffi+ftV\1.+I.
frA}FF!trI +trtrUi+"tsle"2Xf'" 71apuuft rvryApeu r{ npaBeAHHK,)KHTHe Koroporo JrefeHAa orHoctrr Ko
u. Ffd. 14fi1h++ini*Fli*l<.}Il.
+trf;Ui+"tssi" 4Bfr" rrpeMeHurpaBneHuc rDKoycKoroBgHt-saua (XIII n. 4o u. s.). llpe4aur,re
12.TEH. ,?EB+fHfiUi+it. +trtrUi+.re86.3F,fi" o HeM .{ano [HU{y .rurr MHorHx noc.rroBHrl,fioroBopoK, HeAoroBopoK H
r'. n. Kax ruracHTJrereHAa,oH 6r,ur 6o:nruuu lrc6ureleu prr6Hoil JroBJtH
H npoBoAnn 3a 3THM3aHrrHeM MHofo BpeMeHH.flpu arov psr6a, xarc6lr
oTAaBar AaHb e|.o npaBeAHOCTH
Lr MyAqOCTH,UtrA K HeMy ArDKeHa nyc_
lofi rprcvor> 12,1091.
 fnaoa 3 . Kumaucrcan Kynbmypa u nepeaod A<
44 Kumailcrcuil asux. Teopun u npaKmuKa nepeaoda

rrrrii cegonarofi 6opoAoii V uccnus-6enr,rM Mop[IHHHcrbrM JrHuoM, no-

1. Ilneronue o6o3HaqeHnn
hl)r,r'fbrM py6qalrrz>. To ec.rr cnoBo '8fJ 4uu6arl nepe4auo AByMq He-
Bo usorprx acneKTax Kynbrypbr Me)KAyHapoAaMHKHraq H ApyrHX ll()\())KHMH3KBHBUL[eH'ranalr: <6le4Hufi> u <<ncculq-6e.nufi>, qro 3a-
clpaH ecrb HeM[L[o Ba)KHbrxouaunfr, Koropble co3AarcT onpeAeneH- ( rilrrJrrerct 3aAyMarbc.fl,KaKHMxe 6tu 3Tor LIBerHa caMoM
Aene.
lrble rpyAHocrl,r Ant nepeBoAa. Hanpnltep, o6osFlaqeuue qeerosofi lrrrle 6o-nrmyro rpyAHocrb Anr nepeBoAaco3Aaror Herroxo)x'e acco-
faMMbr s rcuraficxorur3brKe He coBnaAaer c npuHtrtrM B pyccKoM t3blKe. l(llilllHI4' KoTopble cyUIecTByroTy pa3HbIXHapoAoB oTHocHTeIbHoToro
B rigsecrHoM Clourusst(H+)
H3peqeHnu 6'S+ffirtrjFt*"T"'ffi q", ilr1r HHO|OUBera. fftr Hocurelefi rcuraficKofo .rr3blKa
rpacnrrfi qBer rB-
uy nil naHb 3p ut'lt ruit JtoHb vcnorb3oBaHbr ABa Ha3Bat{raqueera: ii rlrlc|ct cHMBoJIoMcrracrbr, y4aqh, pacllBera, AbrxaHHq BecHbI. A
A,rs
,4r, u #- naua. Bo BropoM rorrae<.{peaHerlaraficxofi $u.noco$uH)) 3ra rrro/(cli,y Koropbrx poAHbrMr3bIKOMrBJrrercg aHuHfrCnUfi, 3TH Kaqecr-
Qpa:a nepeBeAeHaraK: (Bor clrHsfl,KpacKa: flonyqaror ee I,r3TpaBbl uH- lrll ilccoqHHpylorct c 3eneHbIMH 3oJIorHcrbIMIIBeroM, TorAa KaK Kpac-
AHro, Ho cnnufi uBer reMHee, qeM [ueer rpanu] uHgnro>>[3,142]. B rrr'rii qnet cnyxc4T cr.rrHajroMorracHocrrr n rpafiueii cre[eHH qero-lu6o.
ApyroM cnoBape [4] aaH cne4yuqufi nepeBoA: <cHnee po)KAaerct H3 lf nrerruo HcxoAr H3 3Ttrx coo6paxeuufi 4..1r nepeBoAa Ha3BaHlu^A Krae-
roly6oro, Ho ropa3Ao ryrqe nocneAHero / yueHlrx [peB3ouen yqHTen.s). ( r,lccKoro poMaHa 2ft+b xyH.ryoy-M)H <CoH s KpacHoM repeMe) Bo
To ecrr, 3KBLrBzureHToM Et ryurru o6oux cnyqasx sBrtercq <cunufi>. rrrtlsy3llys HenpuqrHbrx accoqfiarluil 6am mrr Apyfoii napuaur, ne
IIo sa caMoM Aene, 3To cJroBo [epe.qaer fopa3.4o 6oluue orreHKoB , r$r'rauHbrfic o6osuaqeHneM uBera: The story of the stone <<Hannucuua
qBera: s (6onbnoM xurai-icxo-pyccKoM cnoBape)) [5] euy coorBercr- h;r\rrre))(E;k id), a B caMoM TeKcre poMaHa Ha3BaHHe ,|ff4I
anopurca
Byror (TeMHo-rory6ofi , rprco-cHHufi; rpKo-3eneHufi , vepurtfi, .renaHufi>. l\,i,,rt xyu K)aHb <<Bece.nrrfi xpacusrfi 4nopnr> [epeAaHo xax <seneHbrft
lloerouy Bo MHorux coqeraHr.ux 3To cJroBonepeBoAnTcflcoBepilIeHHo rlff()pHK)) [6, l6j. Kuraftcxue croBa c KoMnoHeHrou2I nepeBoAqrcr Ha
ro-pa3HONIy: H'9ft,1F[>txiFffi LpH q3u rpsil nroit n rlteu tmHb <<L\Ber f rl'ccxr.rfiq3brK ro-pa3HoMy: L-I# ,ynra <vepHufi \aia>>,rIW xyHmaH
tluH 3ro H HesereHsril,n ue roly6on", ELIEfr
- qrutxyu 4sao 6ait .,liorrfblii caxap)), tJ',F *yrqsnua <<KpacuasapMHr). BsrpaxeHue
ffi
(cuHee H KpacHoe(rur,r) uepnoe u 6e,roe(rcarc nprcuenpomueonoroJtc- ',,ltt /
I rlrlI J- oau x}HMaoq3d <<HocuTr,KpacHylo tuanoqKy)) o3HaqaeTflpH_
uocmu),Th#t.t"trfr 6y 6"ro quHxyH qsuo6ail <Hepa:6raparbcq B lril/ufe)KHocrb K KoMrraprrr v o6laAauue noqerHbrM 3BaHHeM.B na-
cyrqecrBeBoilpoca,6e: pa:6opa;orynoM), E HH quHmaHmaH (qpKo- ,r:rrrr,uurii ilepHoA noJrurr4Kl.lpeooprr,r h orKpbrrocrH
co6crseHHocrb
:ereHrtfi>; -F-9*t1t 7K ryuunnil utauuruyil ((reMHo-3eJleHrte nefisaxn) rl)c/lflpr4trnfi ne 6rrla rapaHTupoBaHaor npou3Bona co cropoHbt r{H-
(xaHp u MaHepaxlrnonncu).CroxHo nepeAarb3HaqeHHe H e coqera- FfiD)l H jrJ,7+ffi <rlll7+> ilWn^ Couqauuy-
lr(,lfrl'KoB,
Huvlc Apyrr4MuBeroM.Hanpnuep, trpu orrucaHrau
KyH I4q:il s opHru- r rilutta ucrceru<<dailxyHrilaoq3u de cnuucnu <floeronay Bo3HHK,.ra
cvrya-
Hiure
cKa3aH tt ffi.AX' H E Wfu, qiq.Hlt H *t31fr
o, 4fu,9 rtlrr. KofAa Bce Hanepe6ofi crpenauJrucb(HaAerb KpacHyro urailoqKy))
/H' -*[ftLSEff'tft,?fifr+ " oAuHn ro' )KerepeBoAqhK (ro cc-rbxoreJIH HMerb orHoilreHne x rcounapruu).
H. T. OeaopeHKO nepeBeJr3To npe.qno)KeHlre[o-pa3Homy: n c6opurarce llocnpurrne uBera Ha 3anaAe u Ha BocroKe pa3nuqaercq H B or-
<<K-nuq>1950 r. sro cAenaHorar: <Ou 6rrr oqeHs BbrcoK,y Hero 6rrlo ll()rllcHHHIIBera KoxI{. Enponefiqtl cql{Taror, r{To cMyfnbtft uttu 6poH-
6leAuoe nnqo, Mopulunucrltfi lo6, norcpurufi py6qauu H qaparruHaMH, r.'rrr,rilor.l'eHoKKo)KHroBopHT o Kpacore H 3AopoBbeee o6,lagarell, a
H HeorrprrHafl ceqas 6opogxa>, a s <<Az6paHHbrxnpou:ee4eHuxx JIy r,rr|iriiqrl, Hao6opor, KpacHBbtMcrIHTaIor 6e,rttfi I-(BerKoxH, no3ToMy
CrlHl> 1981 r. - <3ro 6lrr qe,roseK Bbrcoxofo pocra, c BcruroKoqeH- II('Il )M )K C H U IH H bI TIP H K P bIB A IOTC S OT 3A |A P A 3OH TH K A MU H IX IqTIK A MH .
46 Kumailcxutiasux. Teoptn u npaKmuranepecoda . fnaea 3 . Kumaucxanxytamypa u nepeeod
4j

Ll ecr'u eBpoileeu c roxB;rnofi cKa)Ker: You look darker after the holi- rr.rrr crra4e6uufi Haprg, a rcnrafiu xpacHufr, noroMy qro AJt,
days <flocle ornycKa rbl BbrrnrAurxb eue 6o,ree 3aropenbrM),(t.e. ilil \ 'il'o uBeT cqacTbt.

<erue 6olee 3AopoBbrM)), ro rcuraerl 3Ty Qpagy BocnpriMer KaK oc- l.eJrHe pyccKoM c3brKege,reuufi uBer HMeer nono)KHTenbHylooKpa-
-'
rcop6.rreHue X tp,+T', l + I E I L , , n o u " p He nK
, a KA e p e - , r,r (6o,Tpocrb, 3HepfHt) c4ra) uagex4a), .I]o e xataficKoM a3brKe
3TOT
BeHUIHHa)['1,24]. lrli('l. rrao6opor, BbtpzDKaer HerarHBHbre3MOUHH, HanpHMep,W&l\t*T
B rla:ax xurafiqes Ne,rrurft rrBer cHMBonH3Hpyer6orarcrao H t,rrrr,t)oy ttroiins(nvuo oqeHb HeKpacpiBoer,
€t?*frE dail tuoituao <<(uo-
BJracrb. O6uleussecrHo, qro B crapoM Kurae HMneparopbr Hocu;rr.r ( rilr' 'le;reHyrc uurny) HocHTb pofa). flocxorrny B fra3ax rcHrailqee
oAe)KAy xerroro qBera c ApaKoHaMlr. A 4ls pyccKr4x lroAefi xel- r('rcililr uljlrila B nocJIeAHeM3HaqeHI4H
- 3TOOrIeHbHenpHqrHa, Beurb,
rrrfi ueer o3Haqaer rope, TocKy, He3AopoBbrfi rleer nur\a v Aa)Ke He- l{) lr Mafa3HHaxMo)KHonaililu tllrcnbr ,rro6slx uBeroB, KpoMe 3ereHofo,
3AopoByro rrcHxHKy (<xe-nrsrfi AoM)). Kporrre Tofo, AJrs nrc6oBHbrx il()()'r'aKyrorxJrflny BprA JrHrcro-uu6yAt rcorAa-lu6o Kynr4TU 6y4er no_
ornouresufi xerrrrfi rlBer o3Haqaer H3MeHy.B coapeveuson nnrafi- , rrr r, [8 , 60] .
cKoM q3brKexelrrtfi IIBer raK)Ke He BcefAa HMeer noloxnrerrH;tfi
cMbrcJI,riacro oH cBq3blBaerc.fl
c HeyAavefi, HanpHMep,ecJIH KaKoe-
2. Bpeneua roAa
nn6o Aelo rrorep[eno HeyAaqy, To roBopcr, r{To oHo ffiJ ,yorutt
(nox(eJrreJro>[7, 59]. lfeo4uuarcoebrMy eBporefiqee H rcHrafiqes eBilrercfl H npeAcraBne-
rlrfc o BecHe.EcI'n Anq pyccKt{x BecHa- Bcero nu[Ib BpeMt foAa, cJ]e_
lpyrue qBera raKxe Bbr3brBarorpa3nur{HbreaccorIHarIHHy npeAcra-
sr,rrereft pa3Hbrx Kynbryp. AHrluficxoe cJroBo blue e nepeBoAe Ha KH- /lyroulee 3a zuv,oit, vrJrr4,B nepeHocHoM 3HaqeHHHcJIoBa, MoJloAocrb
raircxuit r3brK Moxer B 3aBHcHMocrHor KoHTeKcranepeAaBarbcq cro- (lrccHa xra:Hu), ro e rcHraficKoMr3brKe BecHaaccouHnpyercs c nFo60B-

H-€ 9*.@, nnilce (3erreHbrfi), fr.'& ,yorru

quHc3 <<cvrHuir>>, lrl'rMHorHorreHHcMH ('m6 xyailuyuu (ToMHTbcr xaxrofi ffo6en, nrr-
"u", tH,F. rlill b crpacrrro>), a raK)Ke o3Haqaer )Is43HeHHyIocHny H )KHByqecTb(4j)
<xerrufi>, 4to,rt <$noreronsril>. Hanpnnaep,blue film HE FE
ffi <<nopnorpaSuvecxr.rfi
Qumv>,yellowpressfi€,*RTU u*"ntu" I .l'l s Mflo ruoy xyeu uyua (qyAecHoe HcrreJreHue;nenpeasoil4eHHoe
npecca),He wasbeatenblackandblue'ft;ififl1+H-t+ , H-IX. ilcKyccrBo Bpar{eBaHH{>>). Pa:luvHe B noHHMaHI4U 3HaqeHHr3TOro cjro_
<OH6rrr uz6ur Ao cHHrKoB;Ha HeMxlrBoro MecraHe ocrttrrocb>.AHr- rrir flpu 6yxnalrHou [epeBoAe Mo)Ker npHBecrH K HCKaxeHu[ocMbrcJ]a,
ruftcxonry cnoBy green (3eneHrlfi>s npeAnoxeHnnHe is green with rlarpnMep:
f++ffi6x-%.91//t <HacrynuraBecHaHayKn>>.
[4t
jealousy 'f&,frT '?Jn?-Ifr' <o" crpaAaer 3aBucrrrxBocrbro)coor- rrocHTerefi pyccKoro r3blKa rarcofi [epeBoA HenoHrreH, noroMy q.ro
Anq
BercrByerxpacnuii ueer. Ecru Anr eBpofiefiqawhite wine <6e,.roeBH- ilHX BeCHa CBs3blBaerCr C npo6pKAeHHeM rrpt4poAbr nocne saN.rlrefr
Ho) o3Haqaerrerrufi Br.rHorpaAHblfi
Hanurox, To Anr rnraiiqee E E crrsrrKH,a B AaHHoMcnyqae peqb ilAer He o npo6yx4eHHH HayKH,a o ee
6ailqsn - 3ro oqeHbKperrKarBoAKarrana F T )L 1aarop (raonrrHo- l)acuBere. Toquo raK xe H npr nepeBoAe Ha aHuufiu<Hii rstrrc rryr{fire
Bat BoAKa) utt #h uaomail {<Maorafi>>,oAr{oro H3 nyqunx coproB ilcnoJlb3oBarbHe nprrMoecoorBercrBr,recnoBy &X rynortuo ur"anur,
rcvraftcxofi BoAKH.Kcrarn, 6erufi qBer B Kurae cHMBoJrH3Hpyer ir qpvrofi3KBHBzureHrt
9Ftr)u#+?i.'frffi6x-,%gJ* The best
cMeprl laBce,qro c Heil cBq3aHo, B orJluqueor Enponu, fAe 3THMcHM- time for forein businessmento invest in china has come <Hac.rynn:ro
BoJroMflBilflerafluepurrft qBer, HanpuMep,B coqeraHun tJ.'fi$= # ,yn :t.)rtt1yr""speMn Anc I4HocTpaHHbIX 6U:geCVenoB AenaTb hHBecTHUHH B
6ail cu utu <<csa1l,6a
H [oxopoHsr>.Henecry enponeftqr,roAeea]ors 6e- Knrae>19,281.
 48 Kumailcxuil nsaw. Teopunu npaKnuKa nepeeoda fnaea 3 . Ktrmaicxaa Kynbmypa u nepeood 49

&,r' 3. 3crernqecKne lrpeAcraBJreHlrs rr,rM qeJroBexou)> sa aHuufrcrcHfi q3rrrc Henb3t nepeBo^qHTbto hope
tlr;rl oue's son will becorne a dragon, a Mo)KHonHulb [epeBecrn rcar to
llpnregeHHttfi sllrrre npuMep noKtl3blBaer,qro llpocroe cJIoBo B orlpe-
lropc that one's son will become somebody. !4r uerurpex 6lrcrpo pa:-
AeneHHoMKoHTeKcreMox(er npuo6perarr' oueHoqHoe 3HaqeHHe.Ho s fio- lfrfrrirK)uruxcr crpaH Azuu rculaiubr r4crloJlb3ytorHa3BaH"e tr/{'l Efr
6oNr cgrtxe ecrb H cJIoBac o6rqenpuu.rrblMu nepeHocHL,IMHoqeHoqHbIMH )1",nqacoy cbt mno ryu <<qerbrpeApaKoHa), a B aHrJrnficrcov BapHaHTe
3HaqeHI{flMH.<Tanne cJIOBaB 6OllruaHCrse cJlyqaeB gBIqIoTct HaHMeHO- ()ilH Ha3brBarcrcqfour Asian tigers (qeTbrpe iBHaTcKHXTHfpa).
BaHl4tMr4npeAMeroB o6nxo4a, nHuIH, pacrl{TenbHoro H xcHBOTHOfO MHpa.
I) npe4craareHVH xnrafiqee rufp rBJuercq qapeM :aepei.i, os o6la-
Hanpuuep, #81' qail6aotput (nupor c oBouraMn))- (HlIHor,>, RE
'(ac'r cBnperrbrMxapaKTepoM,orpoMHoft curofi H no3ToMy cHMBolH3H-
aeil6a <<xeo
(ryIloyMHltfi qeroseK) l)ycf Aep3ocrr u 6eccrparuvte, Moulb H x(H3HeHHyrocHny. flo:rotry e
)KeH[u4Ha; Merepa); ffi[p uacy.no (cBHHbc))-
r\rflaficKoM r3brKe ecrb raKne coqeraHr.{q,*u* Rl! xy73nH <xpa6pufi
(Ho ne <o6xopa> u He ((Hepfia)), KaKB pyccKoM lsurce); W.6n uT6onorHa-r)
(6orarurp-
rrrrurr;6orarurpr>, Hif,QFn4 ry 6sil cnH no <<arrerv\1ecrcoe
qepenixa)) - ('fpyc)), ?irT^ uryrya, (Kpblca) - (rpyc, rleropfi>. He-
( K()e)TeJrocJro)KeHhe)), ueH nyH xo xy <oK:aBofi,rcax ApaKoH H
'EiifrR,
TPYAuO3aMsrHTb,qro Bo MHofHX CJITIaIX nepeHoc :Ha'IeFIHfinpoucxoAuT
rrponopHr,rfi,KaK THrp; xr.rsoil H 3Hepl-lrrrHrtfr;Nnsueyraepxgaroulufi>.
y re x x (e c J Io B ,rl ro n B p y c c K o M t3bl K e,oA l raK orl epeH ocH bl e3rl aqeH uqB
i t )6e:rrHa - 3To yMHoe xuBorHoe, o6raAann{ee rBopqecKHMH crro-
.,1 HeKOTOpbIX CJry{aflX He COBnaAarcTC IIepeHOCHT'IMH 3HaqeHHtMHaHULIIO-
.J t'tl6Hocrqnlr, xoporrreil rraMrrbto H HeyroMHMocrbto n yve6e. Xorr
rnqHblx pyccKl{x cnon> [ 1, 118]. I4uorl.a nepeHocHble3HaqeHH-c iMor]'r
rilrcrrHe oHa )KHBeTB KonneKTHBe,Ho B Ay[Ie nptqeT qyBcTBo rrpeBoc-
COBIIaIaTbB KHTafiCKOM H aHfnHfiCKOM q3bIKaX,HO He nMgTb aHaIOfHH B
\(ulcrBa H 3foH3M. Osa u raJraHTrHBan 6orara oAHoBpeMeHuo.Tar rcarc
pyccKoM: fiE4.ln ff,,,dauucno scy ruy (rpycnHB, KaK Kpblca) arlaroruqeH
,r6pa:sr rnrpa H o6egrsur,r He coBnaAaror B rcnraficrcou u aHunficrconl
aumuficxoruy $parenorn3My as cowardly as a rat, Ho B pyccKoM {3bIKe -
tt lr,rKax, To npu nepeBoAe cneAyrcrrlero ilpeAJlo)KeHut c aHrnHfrcrcoro
((TpycnuB,KaK3atq), a ue <po6on, KaKMbttrlb)).
rurblKa6rr:ru ncno-qb3oBaHbr
nepeHocHbte3HaqeHHqcroB:
OAHo lr ro )Ke tBJIeHAeurv npe,4MerB pa3HbIXt3blKax Mo)Ker hMerb
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the characterof the
HeoAHHaKoBoeo6pa:Hoe 3HaqeHHe.Hanpuuep, copoKa B rlpeAcraBne-
i mper ialism .
suu xurafrqeB - 3To nruqa, npnHoctrqat cqacrbe, a B pyccKoM t3bl-
ecrb cMecb rzrpa 14o6e:uqHbr).
<B xapaxrepe rzMrrepHanr43Ma
Ke - 6es yuorr<y qeJIoBeK(rpeu1ln, rarc copora). B
3To roaoprunufi
xuraficxon t3blKe cuMBoJIoMHecqacrbt flBnsercfl.BopoHa, a B pyccKoM ffitr *x-6 tu1'Wtr#.Vfi,tk#,
X?itrf'
"
<B xaparcrepe HMnepHann3Maecrb H xecrKocrb, H KoBapcrBo).
fl3blKe-. qepHat KOUKa. B grOfi cBt3u npaKTLIqeCKOe 3HaqeFII4eHMeeT
nrr6op rofo HIIH r1Horo )KHBorHoro I'{Jln nrgl-lbl B KaqecrBe ropronoil O4Harco o6pa:Hoe cpaBHeHHe HM[epHa-IIHcroBH peaKuaoHepoB c
MapKri. Hanpuuep, xurafiqrt oqeHb rrc6qr l4cnoJlt'3oBarbApaKoH KaK flyuraxusru rurpoM Aft,'ZR, \Jrctr raoxy, Koropoe BBeJrB o6opor Mao
TOproByIo MapKy Arq MHofux roBapoB, noroMy tITo ApaKoH CHMBOJIH- lfn4yu, no ero HacrorHnro 6rrro nepeneAeHorra aHr,'rnftcrcufis:r,rrcrcax
3upyer cHJIy, aBTopI-ITe'I',cqacrre. OAsaxo Anfl aHrnHr{aH dragon - 3To lxrper tiger, a He straw men (coJroMeHHoeqyqero), KaK npeAnaralra He-
cr.rMBoJr3ilA, 14rOeapultfi 3HaK B 3TOMCnyqae yrpaquBaer cnoft cMbIcJI' rio'ropbrenepeBoAqnKu[ 5, 17].
Kcraru ro3ToMy Ia Qpa:eonotrtt €Tl:l)n' eo, q3bt u3H ttyH <<xorerb' 3alrena o6pa:noft ocHoBbrB TopfoBbrx MapKix HHorAa cB.rr3aHa
c Hera-
qro6u cbrH crzul ApaKoHoM(ro ecru HM[eparopoM, BbIcoKonocraBJIeH- IHBHbIMHaCCOUUaUH'MH,
KOTOpbreMO)KeTrropo)r(AaTbTO VrrV HHOeX(H-
50 Kumaiicxuil nzam. Teoputt u npaKmuqa nerseeoda flaaa 3 . Kumaitcrcan Kynbmypa u nepeeod 51

BOlHoe B Apyr'oM r3brKe.Hanpavep, 6yAnlrHlrxu MapKH#.XE 4trrurltu 4. IlpocrpaHcrBeHHo-BpeMeHHbre orHorxeHuq

<3oloroii nerlx) Ha 3Kcrropr rrocraBrqercq noA Ha3BaHHeMGolden
Y pasHrrx nat\uir cytuecrByror pa3nuqHbre npeAcraBreHts o feo-
Rooster, a He Golden Cock, norouy vro cock, noMHMo rrerlxa, TapKe 03-
r parpuuecrcaxttoHtruqx, qro Bbtpaxaercr B coorBercrByloulHx q3btKo-
Haqaer <norosofi qJreH)),npHqeM n rpy6onr BapHaHTe.OAHaxo 3ry oco-
lr,rx peuururx. Hanpnlrep, rcurafiqur rpaAHuHoHHo yBa)r(alor lof H He
6eHHocru AaHHofo cJroBaHe BcerAa y{HTbrBarcTrrpH [epeBoAe peKJIaMHbx
rrro6sr ceBep, no3ToMy orcqer y HHX BcefAa HaquHaercr c rora: try'.-tf
o6bqereHniA.B xypHane Far Eastern Econornic Review (Jan. 1986, p.23)
i'lJif' qyH uaut, dao 6cil <<clora Ha ceBep),lorAa KaK B pyccKoM c3L,rKe
6rlra nonreureHaperuraMa H3BecrHoro JreKapcrBa,ucnonb3yeMofo B Tpa-
rrao6opor: (c ceBepa Ha ror); TaKoe no,rroxeHHe :a$uxcupoeaHo Bo
AuuHoHHoiirrraftcrofi MeAHqHHeAm neqeHu-sxeHcKHX6onesnefi, 9I9
MrorHX Spa:eororu3Max, Harrpur,aep:ffifleJbiE ilaHb qfit 6eu dno
EFtfl ytlsu 1ailrleHlctub <<trvr,to.ruH3 qepHofi xypr.rqu 4.nr 6e.uoro $e-
((Me[rarb roxuufi AHzrneKTc ceBepHbtM;rapa6apruvHa v3 ceBepHbrxH
HHKca) ($eHlrxc s Kurae rpaAHuHoHHo accouHnpyercs c xeHcKnM no-
ro)KHbrxAHnneKToB), ffiffilbffi Hatb toeHb 6:til uace (noBopaqHBarb
lov). B nepeBoAe Ha aHrnHficKHfi q:brx 3To neKapcrBo Ha3brBzlJrocr
Black
olro6lu Ha lor, a cneAbr Konec BeAyr Ha ceBep; 3anprrarb KoHr xBo-
Cock White Pl'roenix Pills H peKJraMupoBiurocbKaK n1^rrlee cpegcr$o gnr
c |oM BnepeA; [pr4BoAHTb K AHaMeTpiurr,HonpoThBononox(HoMy pe-
)KeHUIHH:Black Cocks Provide The Vital Tonic For Women. Tarcal perc-
'rynbrary). Xors e KoMrracecrpeJrKayKa3brBaerHa ceBep, Ho e rcHrail-
naMa y Hocure.nefi aHrnnficrcoro t3brKa, ecrecrBeHHo, y xeHUIuH, Moxgr
cKoM cJroBe+ftffiFt q)rcuHaHburr3Hb oHa yKa3brBaerHa [of. B o6par-
BbI3BaTL JIHITIb CMeX CKBO3b CJIe3bt, H y HHX HaBepHCKa He nOtBHTCt )KeJIa-
roM noprAKe flepeBoAqrcr Ha pyccrcufi q3brK H TaKHecoqeraHur, KaK
HHr K)mxrb H npHHHMarbraKoe neKapcrBo[ 0, 39].
llLi)?, cuh* (ceBepo-3anaA>, Fll' dyu6'til (ceBepo-Bocrox>. fi 1'[ r[
Karc yxe roBopnnocb, copoKa 4rl xnraftqeB - 3To nrarla, npnHocc-
(),vHHaHbn<lOro-BocroqHar Asuq). Henpul:ur xurafiqen K ceBepy
qac paAocrb, BecHy, a Nw, aHrnpruau magpie accounrapyercr c rpeura-
nbrpaxaercr u B ToM, qro KotAa oHr,rxorqr cKa3arb o rcou-.ru6o, r{To y
uruv 6es yMonKy unu 6prcruuBbrM qeJroBercou. floerou!, MA Tofo qro-
uero He Bce B [opqAKe c roJroBofi, ro lrcnolb3yror Anc 3Tofo BbrprDKe-
6rr roaap ocraBrrJr xoporxee BneqarneHne, rrpr4nrr6ope HaAo yr{HTbrBarb
,r"e tkS#i)V r*oo 6y utrao 6eil <<ueB cocrosHurl maitru ceBep; no-
HauHoHnnbH),Io ncnxonorHrc rroKynarerefi. !4r fyau.rxoy, rcoropsrfi
'r'epflTbopr.reHTupoBxy>.HanpnMep, KorAa HarraoHzrnbHarc6opuar Ka-
HMeer Apyroe HiBBaHHe#ffi tnrtn (ropoA 6apaHa> BnoJrHenoAXoAHT
faq no Qyr6o,ry fipnrnacnna:apy6exHoro rpeHepa H cr€ura [peBo3Ho-
MapKaBenocuneAa il} yt, <n.rru 6apaHoB)),Ho B nepeBoAeua aurluft-
cHTb efo, xarc 6oxecrBo, r,r cAyBarb c Hefo nbrJrHHKH,
," fifr,*t$tdT
crcHfi q:srx Five Rams 3Ta MapKa flBrflercs 6o,ree, qeM HeyAaqHofi, noro-
My qro ram o3Haqaerexle H (TapaHhrb; BKonarrnBaru>.BerocuneA c ra-
JUJt. 2#R E, ffixg^4Blp+nHfilfn &,n FI+T?+
t\TfrHL,. ro
,ttde uJrcao 6y utrcao 6eil. Qzezo utu, zoqsndyil 6'tit mercsdyit xe eiloHb-
KHM Hi[BaHaeM, no MHeHH[orloKynarenefi, o6r:arerbHo nonaAer B aBa-
iyil dade qJrcao 6y ucrao 6eil <Os o6pagonalcr Ao roro, qro roreprn
puro. B lllaHxae BbrrrycKarorcr BerocnneAbr noA naaprcoftIA.B, (ttrryo,
ronoBy. B pcy,rtrare HauuoHarrrHar c6opHax 6r;na HafonoBy pzr:-
<SeHnxc>, n Ha 3Kcnopr 3TH BeJrocuneAb;HAyr no4 naaprofi Phoenix.
r-poMneHaKoMaHAaMHHparcau I)leueHo>.
!,u rc.rraftqee SeHurcc- cHMBoJrcqacrbr H HcnoJrHeHun xetauuit, a
flporunonolo)KHbrMlr no HarrpaBneHurou BpeMeHH Aeficrsus B pyc-
AJI' aHrJII4qaHoH o3Haqaer BocKperxeHHe,pereHepaUHrc(BocKpec, KaK
rleJIoBeKMo- cKoM H xnraficrcov r3brKax rBJrrrorcr HaperrHbre Bii qflHb <<ileper>>
$eHnxc n: nenra). Verl4en BeJrocHneA c raKHM Ha3BaHfieM, "nouu
u ffi xoy (no3a(H)): dij7- rl"ro^tHb ((no3aBqepa>H EX xoymnHb <<uo-
)KeT noAyMaTb, qTo npfi e3Ae Ha HeM Mo)KHoyMepeTb H BocKpecHyTb,Ho
cne3aBTpa)).To xe orHocuTcq H K npocrpaHcrBy: B crTyar\\rv, KorAa B
crouT JrHefo B raKoM cnfrae noKy[arb 112,261.
 52 Kumailcrcui nsatx. Teopua u npaKmuKa nepeeoda ftaca 3 . Kumoucxanry)nbmypau nepeeod 53

KnrafrcKoM fl3blKe Hc[onb3yeTc[, tlotlflTlde ((c3aAH)), B pyccKoM fl3blKe 3To rlrpa:eo,rorn:naas lean as a rake ua pyccrcHfiq3btKMoxHo flepeBecru (xy-
nepeAaercr roHqrHeM (BnepeAH). Hanpuuep, B HeAotoBop*" Z- i+if€fr ,(oii rcarculenKa)), Ha rcuraficxuit - j'l'Bfit/^. zy utoy Jtcy uait <<xy1oit u
lLla * ttaoruy mu MycttHb- damoy rysailxoymoy (t\'tbttub rroxoxuii Ha xBopocnrHKy)), Ho rrerrb3r nepeBo/lHrb 'Ftl$lniU ey u.to))
Hecer AepeBrHHyroronary - 6o.ruuofi KoHeIr c3aAil>- ((Bce fraBHoe ,trt'"v6a <xy.lofi, xarc rpa6rH)), rrro coorBerc'rByer aumniicKor\,ry cnoBy
(eaxHoe, HHTepecHoe)eule anepeAu; 3To roJIbKo IIBeroqKH,sroAKH eule lake. Toqso raK )r{e Herb3s 6yxnalr,uo nepeBecru every dog has its day
BnepeAH). Taxoe x(e nporr4Bonoro)KHoe3HaqeHHeorHocHTerbHo pyc- ,run'r+*tuJ&lSht.,tr'lFlt- ueit mno ?oy ooy n maoo ncu43br (y KIDK-
cKoro q3brKaHMeror cno"u FIUvnHb <<-.lepel>)
H Fr. xoy <<ilo3al4) n B cJIe- ltoii co6arn ecrl ceoff AeHb)),Ltro coorBercrByer pyccKoN,ty<6yAer r.rHa
a$opmr,ae:
AyloxreM Fliifi fr,/\, fSfi*fl qnHby zy )rciHb,xoyy ruil rraruefi ynxue npa3AHaK). B rcnrailcxoM r3brKe Her coorBercrByloqefo
ut{n <<r,,eoHH, BeJruKHen}oAH nporuloro? 14 rcro HX nocneAoBareJln B nbrpaxeHuJr,coAepxauero KaKoe-JrH6onoAo6Hoe cpaBHeHHe,no3ToMy
6yayuternr?>.flepear norloBllHa :roro a$opusMa E'ii'nfr Mo)Ker IIcpeBoA B AaHHoMcrlyr{ae 6yaer orr4carerbH"rv, AA#lltr Ecl1,lt7
ynorpe6rrrbcfl H caMocrolrerbHo B 3HaqeHHH<6ecnpuuepnstfi ^ e Hcro- ,Uf/'ln{'ftft Jrc3Hb)rc3ub
dolt ro xl3btq3ltd)u do ruuxoy (y KalxAoro qerroBe-
puu; He6unarsrfi; HeerrAaHurrfir>.
B nepenoge Ha aHrluficrcHfi q:ltrc AaH- Ka Aon)KeH6rnl pa4ocruufi 4ent> |2,91. flpuuuHa B ToM, qro eBpo-
Horo orpbrBKa H3 crnxorBopeHus raHcKolo no:ra 9:Hr L{:uaHa (W1- rrefiuu :rro6qr co6arc, cr{H'ra}or rx npeAaHHbrMHApy3bsMHr{e;roBeKa,a
Efl < |#Uq t'l'lfr ffi()) coxpaHnnocb'I'o )K€ tpocrpaHcrBeHHo-RpeMeHHoe rurafi qu, Hao6opor, co6arccr{HTarorrrpe3peHHbrMH cyurecrBaMH,orcroAa

k*' HanpaBJreHHe, qro H B nepeBoAeHa pyccrcllfi r:uItr:

Where are the sages of the past

u coorBe'rcrByroque BbrpaxeHur s xpnaficxoNr .s3btKec npe3pHTeJrbHbrM
()rreHKoM: trlHV{- zoymyilt4ttt (rpr4c[euHHK, rrpxxBocreHb; xonyfi>,

And those of the future years? [13,221 trfEn'FJX zoy dauu 6ao mnuu (Aep3Ko rBopHrb 6essaxoun-r; He 3Harb
yAepx.ly B HarnocrH)r, 4ftJ zoy Ll3u mno Lltut (3arHaHHaq B yfon
Tarcoe rlte qBreHHe na6-r*oAaercs,v npfi [epeBoAe Ha rcuraiiclotil -4,V)Yf'Ei
co6axa H Ha creHy noJre3er; KonH Hyx(Aa 3acraBHT.TaK H flportrB po)KHa
r3brK c aHrurHficrcolor3brKacneAyIouIHXnpe4roxeHnfr:
nonpeulb), lfl,L'lfijjrtl traH cuHb zoy rpoil ((Borlribt Harypa; co6avle H'-
But we are getting ahead of the story.
po; AbrBonbcrcnil
xaparcr"prr,
ttfifi""UtZi lU*T zoyt4syiruu
nty1yuy
nTE+j('fil
.1fisUft + fr1
tr lfr*T " ctLrrbfl<e coba.{befi rracrn cJroHoesrfi6neenb He Bbrpacrer; cBHHbr co-
<Ho urr yxceAottrnuAo npoAonx(esnssauefi HcropHH). JIOBbEM NCTb HC MO)KET)).
But his greatinventionswere still to come flpegcraereHufl o HeKoropbrx )KHBorHbrxy pa3Hbrx HapoAoB Moryr
{HE'ft!,ff:tr X&IJJ6 l,ttrri* . 6unr coneprueHHonpornBonoro)KHbrrran.Hanpnv tffi Mao <<rtornta>>y
<Ho ero caMbreBaxHbreorKp[,rrnq6u,ru erqeBnepeAH). "p,
Kurafiuee Bbr3brBaeryMHneHHe,3To cHMBoJrtrJFd. 'ffirt- rceail, Ll3uHJxuH
((MnJIofo, 6oxecreeHHofo co3AaHHiI)),TofAa KaK cat y aHfnfiqaH

5. Obpa:ubre cpaBHeHrrs BonJ.IoqeHueAbcBona,BMecrKrI4xIeAIXa BeAbM,KaK cquTzulocr n Enpo-

rre B cpeAlrae BeKa.Her y rcHraftuee H TaKoro noHflTvts)KaK (Kor B Mem-
llepeao4uru $pa:eo,rorn:vu, B Koropbrx coAep)KuTcto6pa:uoe Ke)),no3TorvryaHulrficxoe coqeraHue let the cat out of the bag (Bbrrryc-
cpaBHeHHe c KaKHM-J1H6o npe4veroM r,rJrnrBJreFrHeM, HyxHo c ) reroM 'rHTb Kora H3 MerriKa) nepeBoAHTca6e: coxpaneHnfl o6pa:Hoft ocHoBbr:
Toro, rcarcofio6pa: n AaHHoMcnyqae Bo3rruKaerB rrpeAcraBneH!.la y Ho-
itt7ffif,I*.: cenoy Mtl.vtu <ebr6onrarb ceKper) [6, l5]. Heru:q 6yrcnamHo
ua xoroprrfi ocyillecrBnflercfl nepeBoA.Tar anrlufi crufi
cNrelefi .rr3brKa, nepeBecrn u aumuiicrcoe cpaBHeHlreShi is a cat <oua - KourKa) xar ib,
54 Kumaficxuit nzarx. Teopun u npaKmuKa nepeaoda ftaaa 3 . Kumailcxaaxynomypau nepeeod
55

,e-Affi ma unt tt vrtcu Mao, norowy rITo B KHTaficKoM t3blKe 3To Bbr- I4uoraa HcK'oKeHHecMbrcra Mo)Ker Bo3HHKarbH34a pa3n.r*rfi s
noHH-
pDKeHHe He HeCeT 3HaqeHlit (cBapnHBaq xeHIIlHHa), KaK B aHult fiCXCltr. MaHUHOAHHXr{ Tex )Ke rrpeAMeroB wu neficrsurt npu nepeBo/le,
KofAa
flouqrulo (cBapnnBaq,3JIar )r(eHUlHI{a; Merepa) B KuraficKoM q3brKe co- HMetorcr raK Ha3brBaeMbre(srox(Hbre Apy3b, nepeBoAriuKa>. Hanpuvep,
orBercrByer (rnrpurra) G+Z\R uy naoxy). Pyccxoe BbrpaKeHue(Kor aumnilcxoe BblpzDKeHHe eat one,s words u rcrradcxoe i\ i * nttb, He_
HarrJIaKiLn)
He HMeeTIIptMOfO aHZUIOfa B KHTafrCKOM
C3brKe,nO3TOMyOHO cMorpq Ha cxo)KecrL,leitcrsus (6yrce: ((cbecrb c,roao), HMeror pa3Hoe
3Ha_
nepeBoAuTct orrucareJrbHo:(Hacrottuux KpHTHKoB y Hac Kor HaruraKaJl, qEHHE: S AFIUIUfiCXOM
3TO 3HAqHT <6PATS HIBAA CBOH CJIOBA)), A B KH-
r,D( qbr) ft'f fl H'!H r-I'.V'l
rorrbKo.AHHH +lLtY
x )s,' T . lfi,ll1R ft 41ffi. rafrcrcou -
'3bIKE
((HecAep)Karbcnoaa (o6e'1aunl)>. AHarorH.rHa
t cvrryarr4, H c
fu1)L+ eoi'rsuadeq)rcsHbttJtcsHds
nunuu\sn mainaaons, maMub vJtcu- ApyrLrMLrcoqeraHr4_qMu:
pLr|I one's leg (Mopoqnrb; oAypaqHBarb; uucrnQu_
wu nruy de 4suze.34ecr<nor HarrJraKuur)
nepeAaHo coqeraHueMXrlT III4poBarb)), lltrn8 na xoymyil (rr,Hr.trb rperurcrB,_f,; craBurb B
mail utaorg (cJlHlnKoM Ma[o). Koneca); to wash one's lmnds of <yvrrrr pyKLD u ijT,*4<f, 'ilJrKH
cu ruoy 6y
Bnpouenr,HeKoropbre
cxoAHbreaHmnficxneH pyccKHeo6pasHnenrr- zaua <<6pocurl,;nepecraru (uena-r'6o :aHrnaarcr)>; have one's tair
up (Be-
poKeHHrMo)KHonepeBecrH6yxna-ntuou sa rcuraitcKl.rill3brK,Ha[pHMep, cerrrfr; B xopoueM HacrpoeHnu" u f&F4-[j_ ,po ecii1a <<zmr.,tparb
Hoc,
likea barrelof herring(KaKcenbAu s 6oqKe) fllblF& Aep)Karbcr BbrcoKoMepHo;Kr4rrr.ilbcr>;have a bone in one,s throat <6rrm ue
cnH myHtlsbt ttu vJrcyaHuaHbna de Qeilnil, HJrH (KaK cbrp B MbrureJroBKe)
^tffi+W.#iifrT B cocrotHzx cKirarb Hr4cJroBO) zy zeu tpctuxoy (cJrotsapByrc,
asthetoastedcheese
in a rat-trap cnHneowymyH "HfiFEW
ru fopna; TrHer cKa3arr,;r3brK qelrercr). B pyccxonar3brKe3To BbrprDKeHHe
nu de xqo ucynao. Xorq s ruaraficrou r3brKe H Her cpaBHeuufi c cenbAbro
^7.'fr"trry,V,1'W*LW HMeer Apyfofr cMbrcJr:((crorrL, KaK KOCTbB ropJre) 3Har{I4T<nreuarl,
6lnl
s 6oqrce HrLr c cbrpoM B MbrueJroBxe,n6o rurafiun He ruraAyl cbrp B npefirrcrBueM K qeMy-J[r60>. PyccrcoeBbrpDKeHHe<xo4xunfi cKeJrsn),
KaK
MbIUetoBKy, HO npH rrepeBoAec 3afIaAHbIxr3brKoB TaKHe cpaBHeHHq u asmaficxoe a walking skeleton, o3Hariaer oqeHb xyAoro qenoBeKa,y
Ko-
coxpaHr4Tb,qro6sr nepeAarb AID(npoH3BeAeHHlH no3HaKo-
)KeJrareJrr,Ho roporo JrHrubKoxa Aa Koc.ru, a xuraficxoe ft trrt61 cuH Lqu tl3oy
ncoy_
lrurl rcHrailqenc o6srvarMn eBponefiqer [5, l8]. EyrcnaruHrrii nepeBoA <6ecqelruo [po)KnBar.bcBoHAHH;KomHTb ne6o>>.
o6pa:Horo cpaBHeH[fi HHorAa flBrflerct 6olee [peAnoqrHTenbnbtM AarKe B caoro oqepeAr,, B 3arraAHbrxr3brKax Her rHnHqHo rcnraficxax
o6pa-
ilpH HaltHrtnnn nrarafrcnoMq3blKeBbIpuDKeHHr, r{Me}oqero a}rilJroruqHoe 3oB, cBfl3aHHbrx,HanpnMep,c ropaMr4,TaKnx xar € flR4ij{# rl n :rHb
3HaqeHHe,HanpnMep: Every life has its roses and thornes <B xu3uu rca- 6y uu mailtuaua <<HMeflfJra3a, He BHAerr, ropr,r TailuraHr,>>H
ffi$jtrfll
)r(Aoro qenoBeKaecrb cBoH uunbr lr po3br) -qt )vfl,l|Li'I /ilJ/l,llt {i *i trE H rcyqy ryulaHb q)rcotrbMao (rroKa3arb no4rl.rHHufi o6rux ropu
ueuze trceuads rugHxo doy n mtHb to ry. Ho OaHu [Oe crl]i raor', rtro JlyruaHr>>.foprr sauuualor oco6oe Mecro B npeAcraBJreHurx rcurailqen.
cMbIcJIerofi Qpa:u 6yaer KpacnBee,ecnu coxpaHr4TbltcpB()rra,turuubrfi <Ky-urr rop B ((Hapo4noft perurr4H)) BcerAa 3aHHMzurBiDKHoeMecro
B ap-
rorcytt4'tt nt lrttr,.yi),e
o6par:/\Atf''WXHtf.Ih,1l1hfriJfrfr rrcsrhtuoH xaHr{ecKHXKyJrbrax n 6am yHacJreAoBaH(HMnepcKofi perHrnefi> (yHrz-
n q3uH43u[4,8]. ToqHo raK )Ke H HeKoropbreruruiicxrrc cpirultcln4t eepcalrHoil <pelurnefr rocyAapcrBa), u3yHu3qo w nu). KoutfyunaHurr
[epeBoAqrcflHa pyccrcufir:srrc 6yxnalsHo. HanpuMcp. Hlrcctrrr,rii atpo- BCCTAA TIOAACP)KXBUUIH STOT KYNbT CBOHM ABTOPHTCTOM.
B OCO6CHHOCTU
pnervr
JIy CHHq'flfrE-fihlffi++ ((r'()r'oB,
Qy *oy zctuon:tirt(.t,tttt,trt() 3TO OTHOCr.rJrocbK HeKOTOpbTM [rHCTHTyraM rclrraficxofi perHruosuofi
xarc6yiinol, cnylrnTb pe6euxp>. B 4auuov cnyqae Jly ('rrrrr, cl)ilrrrHrlae-r Kynbrypbr, TaKrM KaK Kynbr roprr Tafiruaur, (npoa. LUaHsgyH),
K Beprxn_
ce6q c 6yftsorov, noroMy qro Anq rcurafiqen 3To )Kun()r'l()c cnMn()Jtl3n- ue xoropofi HMneparopbrcoBepr.xzultceoe6pa:Hoe nzuoMHHrrecrBo,
cBr-
pyer rpyAonrc6ne u npeAaHHocrb. 3bIBACMOC TPAAHIIHOHHbIM CO3HAHHCM C YTBCP)KACHHEM BJIACTH HOSOfi
56 Kumaitcxuit ttsaw. T'eopun u npaKmuKa nepeeoda

lpynae noquraeMbre
Alanacrrrrl. Bep[ruHbr- XyauraHs(npon.lllaurcu), KOTOpbre oobrr{Ho HMerHCbBo Bcex poMaHax na 6airxya 3noxH Mwn u
XeuruaHu(npon. Xyuaur) H ApyraflXenruaul (npoe. X:Hanr) - o6pa- I-(nu. llpnvraHa 3aK;rror{rutacbB ToM, rr.ro Anfl auuprficxoro qHTaTen,
3TH
B npOCTpar{CTBeHHOMnraHe CXeMy, KOppeCnOHAHpyrOUy}O C
3OBbrBZrJrH PASUOEAHUbIE OTPbIBKH HE NPCACTABJI'JIH HHKAKO|O HHTCPECA, H TIEPC-
naryprpunocoQcxofr reopaeft(nrrr4 cruxufi> (y cuu), H noroMy BbrAenr- BOA*{HKCTaptucr cAenarb rax, vro6sr qnrarenb HMennepeA co60fi raxofi
JrHcbKaKealmefrmaeroqKu npocrpaHcrnallT,l24]. IIo:roMy repeBoA xe asr,rurlcrcufi pouau, rcaxoi oH npHBbrKBUAerb. Kporvreroro,
waley
nepBoroBbrpDKeHHr € nF14{i}{{i Lll n 6y utu ntailruauu(cJ'roHa-ro y6pan rr3 TeKcra nepeBoAa noqr, vce 6yuruitcK'e repM,Hbr,
KoropbrM'
"ua
r H HenpnMerHn)AaneKoHerroJrHocrbrc nepeAaeraco rry6uuy o6pa:a, u:o6a,ryer <flyreruecrBHe Ha 3anaA), H3-3a ror-o vro 6y4Ar.t:M
Air, 3a-
He roBopfly)Keo roM, qro aror o6pa: orcyrcrByer B o[HcarerbHoMne- rraAHofo qHTareJrr npeAcraBnqer co60fi coBepuerrHo He3HaKOMyropenH_
peBoAe:(He y3Harb H3BecrHoro(:HarHoro) qeJroBeKa).Llro rcacaerc.s furo H efo repMnHbr A,'Ir uero a6collorHo HenoHmHsr.Eclu B
nepeBoAe
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A41 rysuncoHbB 3HaqeHur,r Hanprl-
e?HbflHfl.
uep: XxTX cqurarbMHpoBoe
pa3Br{rne
csoefixoH-
+ EE Akl-X^A <tr/xlRE >>fuI,g.4rYxl3,Bfilr. dtJ rcperHofigaAaqefi
-ff-
€T (Xffi) IEA,4fr4la^tKLt(XffiD. 1 3 .ili rt, - HcKpeHHocrb
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5 A!1,-
ifi A fr"]
-e+ F!tRt&'W,E fr4E E fr H'Y,tfr6 I-€ 1 5 .M.ff r*", enuHoeuenoe
t-X, XXI+H,XXt&, UXqxfU, UYmi" x[Bff 2. Osuaxouamecb c KoMMeHmapueu,onpedenume sHaqeHue cny-
l+r8+ uX, ++HfR++B4+=^y.lLi
FH'l:t#+, tr'4€' xe6uatx u sHaMeHamenbHbrx
cnoe eoHbeun e cnedyrcqux Spa-
tx+ttH*FA; ixff (x)) E
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i#F lU, i#€ {H,,l+€Is H'lX, ft.D)tE-ril4|Ajt',}

h H.J
ft', l. 5/\}* nil crceuuegil utaua <6urr go6poxerarerrbHbrM;
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h-t|ful*f+ (XD, E <irlo. (fH)), (X), igl+, D) rarr 4o6pue qyBcrBa K JrroArM))
p
+)[LHEX HfilFt (X>. 2. hlFtF eeu Qsil qso dail ((quHurb6essarcoFrr.rc;
6ecuuHcrno-
earr; 6e:o6pa3HnqarbD
3. XF&Sfr HoHb7sp rlu ?ls3(TpyAHoBrdHHrb
ero B 3roM)
1. ISA ruHtHb coKparrleHr.r"
ot ISj1IMA nputt"orzrnbHoe
roHcrr.re; 4. +[HFfrl4 moy qu co xao (yAoBnerBopnrb Koro-rr., cAerraBeMy
IIoHqTHe)) uro-un6yAr npnrrHoe; y6laxurr>>
Z. f,SZh vsH qncuesil -
Ha3brBarb (ero rax) 5. ffH-, T*EN= uucu qu u,6y ucrcur4uop <<3Hurb
roJrbKooA-
3.# urcs cyQSurccaKrHBHo geficrayrorqero nnrra: 4H# - ror, Hy cTopoHyBorrpocaH He 3HaTbApyryrc; 3HaTbTOJTbKOC OAHOfi
rcroxogcftcrnyer; xosrficrnyroulnfi cy6rercr cTopoHbr))
q.'l# quu B 3Har{eHHH f€lE ncnpaBeArruBocrb; :4panrrft cMbrcJr) Lt, Hstt,ze de qu co <<orKaxroro
6. 6EH6F.,, &|f+HFfi zs t13uHb
5. X z -Aonr no cnoco6nocrsM,KDKAoMyo6ecneqHrr noAo6alouleeeMy Me-
6. ffi utau- ToproBnr;KoMMepuHt cro e o6qecrBe))
l. ftJ nu- BbrroAa;npu6uru 7. X$tf FV *o qsu nHb nH Hto dao <<Msroro uro6u :ape-
3arb KypHuy, He3aqeM6pars Hox( AJrr 6yfieona; crpeJrrrr, Ir3
8. lJ qail B 3HaqeHHH
H t\V,kl L <<cnoco6Hrre
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132 Kumailcxuilnsow.TeopununpaKmuKenepeeoda lnqea 4 . ITpueaot. nepeooda 133
8.-rf xBi.,XffiI+R+ 6y xy xy cne, nua de xy Lt3bt
<Hesa6paa- 5.'f'trH frE-rfr:<W.Zt^f)E,
+liZD)+>
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urucb B JrofoBo rufpa, He nofiuaelrb rHfpeHKa; He pncKHerub-
He BbrHrpaerxb;BonKoB6o.grscq - B JrecHe xoAHTb))
H-EiU , friJ^)+X.+F, +E HB.
e. ).t T pllrh - l.hT H f r |tft il4-ifi ril-Fi 9(il4fitJE H
f. iH?6'fH, iH+{ HU)I+ eeilpir 6y cuuu,quHutuuy u dait ,F,&Ib,#Frthtr,ffi{x*<Iy.zD)w>>
((Tor,KToHeBepHTB gro, ry/crb rroAoxAer u 6yger cBHAereJreM) ^ y7w+"
t . +Htt+++tF ffiI9ilrltfi,f+)FH&
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8 H-'lT, (Hf++i> --lFlfr,lY1F,4R,
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"
AaHHbrxnpuMepaxBbrcryfiaerB AByx $ynrcqHrx: l) rlarola ri4€ ifr&+F.e[frffifrn
(Aenarb; nocrynarb) 2) cvrarcu 4t&H,)'LE,'fi+,|F*ZU (Hf+&) H'[8"
2.ft ucnonb3oBaHo ,ft!,
B AByx Synrcquxx: l) ruvHoro nrecrourr,resur
(oH) H 2) npnrnxareJrbHoroMecroHMeHH fifu,trI(efo; HX)
^
3. F ucnorb3oBaHo B oAHoMn: gHaqenuftBorrpocuTenbHofo croea qnlt 1.t+ZD)'lEr" v)tcuu
H,, ,E/z (rAe; KaK;KaKHM
o6pa:on>> npHnaraTb nocTorHHbre y cl,'.[t4fl
2. t*tB'nki4 no no nil uxyil- Bor-BorpyxHer;ene-ene
Aep)€rbcr;
3. flonrcynca cnoeapeM, nod6epume pyccKue ?KaueaneHmHcnoeo-
TperqaTb no BceM rrrBaM
coqemaHuflM,uMenuluM s ceoeMcocmaee cny>xe1noecnoeo D).
3. +{HE tfr# *oy mao 6ao ru - iloraplrnH MHe nepcHKH, a vrM crra-
r.*itD)# nsr; or6laroAapr,rrb noAapKoM 3a noAapoK; KaK ayKHercr, TaK H or-
2 *D)E+T KJ]HKHCTC'

3 +{H DJ{+ 4.f HtrI caeau unileyrr- BbrcBo6oxgarculuecr

xeHrrlHHbr-
4.ffit))ft]b pa6orHuqrr
s.ugrtfrE 5. W. woy - Hayr{Hrb;o6yvurr I

I
6.b#D)* 6. +Hr\ qJtcyHqao flo - qere6HbrerpaBbrxuraficrofi MeAHrrHHbr
7.u,rzfr,a+zE 7- 7d,...*,1h eyaHb...moycflHb- ilpncBanBarb3BaHHe
8.r"u'&^,fr,D)t+- S. fr{F{ ryoyryno- xoporuufic6rn; xopouropacxoAarbcr(o ronape)
llepeeedume npednoxeuun, codepxaque npednoxuo-dononuu- 9. /'L ... 'fF KoHcrpyKquq,Bbrpararoqar o6o6rqarcqee 3Har{eHHe
menhHbte KoHcmpyKLluu,
nocmpoeHHbreno HopMeegHbEHn. <sctKufi... Ic.ro,scnrcuirpa3,KorAa> l
I ;i*+* Eifrfif)},'xfi.l+zD_l rgia_tfi!k_w" 10.* f Hil Hfr'e' eeil (dail) zao Mcto- 6urr rraAKHM
Ha necrb; roBo-
2 wriz, i , ffizEl,lEleTRF-E+_xffH "
pHTb KOMnnlrMeHTbr

z. E* l\ +Ifil,i E E h tulffi- + t*+,di€ E ItA,fr tX.trt

F FJr flnreparypa
H&T,,ftzDJEI*fil^R.
4 H€/trf5 illtttrtiiyfiV|tL)7, 'hT W++H+&+&'dRWtu1R-tJtL JIy Cuuo.H:6pauuuenpon3BeaeHr4r /llep. c xuraftcroro.M., 1981.
-dt
tfr,h, Zt\ fJt6,ffiWf' I&+HJI s ft R.
2. JIy Cuua.Knru. C6opHuK
paccxa3oB / flep. noa peA.B. |I. porosa.LUaH-
xafi,1950.
t34 Kumailcxuil azow. Teopunu npaKmuKanepeeoda

3. Thetruestoryof AH Q by Lu Hsun.Peking,1964.
4. FpJ ofAha.(4F4F'JF()"gfl#"
Q E'f€. rhetruestory Eir'ilUry
sEa-FRAAE\UI" 6,8. -/L7\/\',+Etr hiF.
5. Conu4eeaH. 8., Conu4eeB. M. TeoperuvecxarrpaMMarlr(acoBpeMeHHo-
ro ruraficxoro r3brKa.flpo6aertaunaopSolornu.Kypc nerqtn.M., 1979. ha&a 5
6. Pe4xep.f . LI. Teopwt flepeBoaar.rnepeBoAr{ecxar
npaKruKa . M. 1974.
7 . BuuozpadoeB. C. BneAeHueB nepeBoAoBeAeHr,re. M., 2001.
8. BnaxoaCepeeil,Cudep (Dnopuu.HenepenoAuvoeB nepeBoAe. M., 1980.
e.{ll,l+lx+frtF
flbtt#). -t/}}" W*fr'$fE{*, Bfifiiffi. -lh.,ii. nEPEBOtr C PyCCKOTO F3btKA
2ooo/+" HA K!4TAVTCrcWVT
10. KasarcoeaT. A.flpaxrv'tecKue ocHoBbrnepeBoAa. ClI6., 2000.
ll. EapxydopoeJI. C. -fgux lr nepeBoA.M., 1975
12. O. feupu. Kopollr 14Karrycra.Hoserrr,l. JI., 1986. BrrAereune nepeBoAac pyccKoro c3brKaHa xr.rraficrcHfis caN,rocroq-
13.{4i8" t(i+in (Ei+i*) mi{. ffU1+rEiR. re83.5Ffr" TelbHyro TeMy TeopuH nepeBoAa Bbr3BaHoTeM, qTo SToTBr{A rrepeBoAa
14.tk'[fi" Lti+ff|_fi.ifr,lt.
+FtltrUi+.res8.5Ffi" HMeer cBoH crrerruSuvecrcueoco6essocru. Ecnu npn nepeBoAe c KH-
75.8apauoea 3. I,l. Monetr{pyeMbre$pa:eoloruwrH s ruraficxoru rluxe // raficroro c3brKa ua pyccxnft ocHoBHar rpyAHocrb 3aK;rroqaercr B no-
I4ccreAosaHr.rruo xnraficxoMyr3brr(y.M., 1973. HHMaHHnraraficnoro reKcra, a nepeBoA Ha pyccrnfi r3brK npeAcraBJrr-
16.ikBft." f*i4+Exk #.frE#Ai+.+ trfiUr+.tssz " 4 Yfr" ercr AJII efo HocnTeJrefiueuee croxnofi sagaveft, To ilpH nepeBoAe c
17.+-+itffiifr" ilfiflg#. Rx+S)fr,if . JbH'"tss4+" pyccKoro r3brKa sa rcuraficxnft ocHosHa.r?pyAHocrb cocrolrr HMeHHoB
tlxao
18. llly-nr.r.flecenxu JhElO-qaq. M., 1974.
nepeAaqe cpeAcrBaMu rcnraftcxoro c3brKa cMbrcJroBoro co.(epxaHut
19. C6opHr.xxuraficxux paccKzBoB. M., 1950.
20.Aq?,fi.FvffiXtrUx.
6 + E)effi. + tr Ex r[ tiE,i+
" JLx , zoo:
pyccKoro TeKcTa.

+. B AaHsov pa3AeJre6yayr paccMorpeHbrocHoBHbrenpo6reuu nepe-

2r. lEffi,T
" WitgEJ" lbf+Ya " ]c84.4,nA " BoAa c pyccKoro t3brKa Ha ruraficrnil n rpex acneKTax: JreKcrdKa,
cHH-
22.+MX" ul+rt*,rtntrtr1" fflli+r6ifl.1e83"
6ff . TaKcuc u crlrlrvrcrytra. B lexcuqecKoM nJraHe ocHonHofi tBnrercq [po-
23. Bonrurofi xurailcxo-pyccrufi cnonapu.M., 1984. 6.neua nu6opa cJroBa npr4 nepeBoAe, Koropas cBr3aHa B ocHoBHoM c
HecoBnaAeHHeMKpym gnaqeHnfr reKcur{ecKux eAHHHTIpyccKoro H KH-
raficxoro t3brKoB. Hau6oree xapaKTepHbrMTaKoe HecoBrraAeHHegBnrs,-
erct Ant MHorocJIox(HbIxcJIoB,Koropble o6raAarcr HecKoflbKr4MH
cBr-
3aHHbrMHMexAy co6ofi 3HaqeHHrMH.flpn nepenoAe c pyccKoro r3brKa
Ha rcuraficxufi paauue 3HaqeHr.rrMHoro3Har{Horo cJIoBa AorxHrr 6rrrr
aAeKBaTHOnepeAaHbl cooTBeTcTByroUIHMHcnOBapHbIMLt3KBHBzLneHTa-
rvul. Hopuarr,rBHo flpaBHrumrfi nu6op gKBHBuu]eHToB
ocyulecrBJrrerct
Ha rpex ypoBHrx: cJroBocoqeraHHr, npeAnoxeHrrq n nepuoga. Pac-
cMorpHM no4po6Hee npo6nelrlr repeBoAa Ha KrD(AoMH3 srnx ypoeueil.
136 Kumailcrcufinsow. Teopunu npaKmuKanepeaoda haea 5 . ff epelod c pyccxozonsorrcaua rcumailcrcuti
137

1. JlerccuqecKrre [po6JreMr,r [epeBoAa Herpyauo 3aMerKTr,,r{To B AaHHbx rrp,Mepax np, nepeBoAeHa nnrafi_
a) Ifepenog Ha ypoBHe crosoco.reraurfi crcHfr sgur
npoucxoAHT KOHKperH3auwr 3HaqeHr4fiUapewar (KperrKo),
npHnafarenbH0fo (KpenKHft> U fJlarola (fioAXO.4r4Tb>.
B reopun flepeBo-
Ha yponne cJloBocoqerauufi, uanpunaep,DrafonbHo-o6bercrHr,rx,3KBH-
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C' B TICPEXOAE OT POAOBOIO NOH'TI4'
Hanpuvep, oAHo H To )Ke pyccKoe cnoBo (6nrb) nepeAaercr pinHbrMr4 K BHAOBOMY B 3ABI4C'IMOCTH OT KOH-

reKceMaMHB 3aBHcHMocrHor [peAMera, Ha rcoropsril HanpaBneHoAeficr- TeKCTa-Heo6xo4ur'rocrb B TaKoro poAa rpaHc$opnaqran Bbr3brBaerc,

Blre groro rJraroJra:<6l.rrs e naAouIH) E|H- ,yrr,rn t, <<6vnan 6apa6aH> fr O6IUHO HCCOBNAACHHEM NOH'THfi, NSIPAXACUbTX
CJTOBAPHbIMH
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B o6croqreJrbcrBeHHo-rJrafoJrbHbtx
"y0". HMeerct coAep)I(aHHe,noA KoropblM noHHMaerc.scoBoK)mHocrb orJIHqH-
coqeraHurx 3KBHBzureHT o6cros-
TeJrbcrBanog6npaercr no 3Har{eHHrorJraroJra,K KoropoMy orrlocuTct TeJIbHbx npH3HaKoB'qApoM Koropblx qBr.flIorct cyqecrBeHHbre npH3HaKH,

AaHHoeo6croqremcrBo, HarrpHMep: n o6teM, noA KoropbrM noHfiMaerct coBoKynHocrb rrpeAMeroa, oro6pa_

Kpenro3anoMHr{rb + id'f+ nao 43uuJtcy xeHHbrx B AaHHOMnoHJlrr4lr.coorHourenHe Me)r(4/ coAep)KaHVeVZ O6r_
KpenrcoKpHrHKoBarr ZRZRit,tlt.,lX *"nortua du nunurt eMoM noH-rrrH{ onpeAen{ercs 3aKoHoMO6parHoro coorHorxeHH, Mexqy
Kpenrocnarr FSH* uywyu coAep)r€HHeV n O6reuoM noHflTHq, COrJTaQHO KOTopoMyc yBenHqeHHeM
coAep)r€Hr4ryMeHburaercg o6reu iloH'lr4s u nao60por>>
Kpenrcoo6uulrarl dunu6ao
Ktr}elH+& 4suHbvsuHb 11,457 ]. pa:rn-
qHe s o6reMe H coAepx(aHvt4 noHsrufr sa
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ry3uHbt4?uHb neKcHr{ecKoMypoBHe MOX(er
B arpu6yrnBHbrx coqeraHltrx 3KBHBzureHTcJIoBa, o6osHauarculero ONPEAEN'TI,C' KO.IIHqECTBEHHbIM COCTABOM 3THX EAT{HHq. TArc, S KHrAfi-
nplI3HaK, no46upaercs no 3HaqeHr4ronpeAMera, Koropbrft xaparrepu- cKoM r3brKe oAHOCnO)KHbre cJroBa,BbrpiDKaroul4ea6crparcruble noHrrr,rr,
3yeTct 3TI{MrIpH3HaKOM,
HarrpHMep: HMeror 60ftruofi o6reu H coorBercrBeHHo He60-nrruoe co4epxauue. Ha-
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s IE1FVIAHLR q3nHbqnH de 4syvtrcu npuMep, 3Har{eHHecrosa trA zaa <$aHnMarrcr, pa6orarb,
AeJIarb) B cnrry
Kpenxufi KaMeHb FfiEF'!A* q3nHbutt
do u.tumoy TOrO,qro oHo BbrpurxaerHeKyro o606rqeNuyo HAelo o BbrnorHeHnu
4efi-
Kpenxufi cron6 lE E filflT q3nHbzy
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Kpenrcnfipe6eHox \t'*V\4'lh vtcyaHutuds cnoxail or 3Har{eHHrnpr,rMbrKaroqax K HeMy Aonomrenufi: ffiHF eao LusHuaHb
B cy6rercrHo-npeAHKarnBHbrx coqeraHurx ceMaHTraKa crosa, o6o- <ga6marrHanpou3BoAcrBe)),
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 I

138 Kumailcxuinsow.TeopununpaKmuKanepeooda ftaea 5 . ITepeaodc pyccxoeonsuxa ua rcumailcrcuit 739

Ffr
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Ha yponHe rrpeAnoxeHufi rcoHrcperv3aL\t4fl
rrplr nepeBoAec pyccKoro
Hbrx cJroBrurrafrcnoro r3brKa 3acraBJuer rrpH nepeBoAe c pyccKoro rr3brKa
r3brKa ua xuraficxrafi ueo6xoglrMa rapKe rorAa, KorAa 3HaqeHuepyc_
no46npars raKr,re c;roBapHbre3KBr.rBaireHTbr, Koropbre Moryr orcyrcrBo- cKofo cnoBa tcHo H3 KoHTeKcra' Ho He BbIpDKeHoSKcrInuuHTHo,Ha-
BarL, B cnoBape. Hanpuvep, s (Co6a.{beM cepAue)) M. FynraxoBa, KofAa rrpHMep,B crr,rxorBopesuu M. [O. Jlepnrouroaa:
rroBap o6rtr,.r lUapnra KHn{TKoM, Tor B3BbrJr:<!o rcocrefi [poeno KHnr-
ToqKoM)).B AaHuou cnyqae cnoBo ([poeno> npHMeHr4TeJrbHo K AaHHoMy
-f pausure Haqarr,KoHr{ypaue,&7il Hfr +, +!,F + lE n*ri
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3. Poc 3KoHoMuqecrcufin uayvurrfi noreHuuaJr, yKperurnacs o6opo-
gocnoco6Hocrb, rroBbrrrraJrc-s
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Ou urupoxo o6cyxAaercr n
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opraHlrauHoHHofr ocHoBeKarrrrraJrucruqecKoroxogcficrsa. 9. Mens oxBarr,rJra3Jrocrb.
,fr# +,x4# & g fttiil\*,tre,HEh+ iffifrq
7 ffi, +'ffi tuR'tfrztx-"
TUnd". ^ ConocmaeameopueuHanu nepeeod1esnu.auatx npednoxeuud,
5. floncx ryreft ganrHefiuero [poABrDKeHHr BnepeA Bo MHoroM onpedenumecnoea,Komop*e e nepeeodenocmaaneHle no3u-
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He orpiDKaBrrrHMHoBbrx pea.nruocrefi. Ycwtuttcs pa3pbrB Mex(Ay l. HarraHeHaAo6osrrcs orKpbrrocraBhrbH perxarbrpyAHbrenpo-
cnoBoM H AenoM. Hapacralu HerarHBHbIenpoqeccbt B oKoHoMHKe, 6leuu o6uecrsenHoro pa3BHTHc,KpHTuKoBarb14cnoplrrb.
co3AaB[rHe,IIo cyqecTBy, rrpeAKpr.t3HcHy[o
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xoArIeB peBoJrroqHH.

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fr )ht H.ft ftgEEIt1iltr+)tt. I
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MHor-He
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l

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T t #fHE!.
se 6ruro nprMbx ynr,rKrrpornBgepuurueacxoro.
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5. Tyt Anr Hero HauJrocb MHoro Ae.ita. 8. V ,ryxoruopr,nay6:eleHr,lfi;
ftr{F-'ftrgXHtF,\tT. 3narasuenbHaay6e rov.
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t ttt,
4EX4 )vtrt€rF/* 16€ fRxRe+ffi "-
txtt tNE X +t+'hlJH+ H.
cur He6urlo.
7. Mne 6uno rpyano Abrrrrarb,
ConocmaeameopueuHanu nepeeodcnedynqux npednoNeuud,
ExE,YiHh*7
fJcB'trtr*rytifitj brc npeo6pasoeau
onpedenume, KaKueuMeHa cyulecmeumenbH u
8. H reu He MeHeeHaMyAanocsco6paru ypoxafi :epua 6olee uenl e Huxe enaeonil.
2tr0 rsuttluoHoBToHH.
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no6egupa3Br,rrr4e
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T z.tfiL*nq{]F"F
f*m+t,ffljrlnf|jftliltf . eeporruofi 6ucrporofi.
4" ConocmaermeopueuHanu nepesod cnedyrcqux npednoxeuud, -&- F +dltr+f'UE, jlei8itb
sft'f.ElF,H f'lBiiHE.
onpedenume,KaKueenaeorrbHbte
unu casao.tHbrccKagyeMbre
a 2. Cei4qacMHoro4ucrcyccnfio ponu Craluna s uaureilr4cropHn.
uux do5aeneuu.
rn#.,xt}f tf AtktrffE_hfr!'ffffii{tA1+tt?.4.
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H+-?e#HE+ -EhEl.t+ffifiii;nTB3U
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TenH HapoAa.
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qro
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A Rtrt9.tr iltfi fr\4\#rtutirx
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A Rg 4.{
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BOM . Xlfr!zf"r.
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5. 3ro - cy4r6a Hapo/Ia-rBoprra,
HapoAa-cosraAarerc! leHHoil pa6orul no ocyulecrB.leHr.t]o roro, r{To Mbt HaMer}rJrH,no
peanu3aqrardnocraB;reHHsrx qenefi v 3apla.u.
r8€r,Sdrj€fn€iA fr'lA R fi'lft s t
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tr'1i+tljru*l,J,Ffi
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'd,rnil H'rirffi 6. ConocmaeumeopueuHanu nepeeodcnedyrcqux npednoxeuud,
7. flo.nararo, TaKHe Bonpoclr H yMecrHr,r, H neus6exHbr Ha cero- onpedenume,KaKueenaeonHe Hux nepecmaeneHbr
a coomaem-
AHqUTHeM TOp)KeCTBeHHOM 3a0eAaHr,rr4. cmeuuc nocnedoeamenbHocmbnebrpaxaeMbrx
uMudeicmeuil.
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 t66 Kumaitcxuil nsatx. Ter,tpw u npaKmuKa nepeeoda c pyccKozo t3brKa Ha KumaucKuu

2. fycs HHcKoJrbKoHe o6HAencr, qro He3HaKoMarco6aKa rroeAaer qecxofi pesopulr>. cpe4crnon BbrAeJ.reHHrpeMbr3Aecb qBrrercq nofH-
el.o KopM. qecKoe yAapeHHe,KOTOpOe BbrpDKaercr cor{eraHHeMqacrr.tubrc yKa3a-
ME nT i il:.tul A, -,fi T Ua1.
\EJW*cfr"] TCJIbHbIM MCCTOVMCHHEM (HMEHHO 3THM). fIPr NCPCNOAE HA X]aI'Ail-
3. Karc)Ke6buroAarb BaM6plurrHrrr, Korra BbrnycrnnH no Berpy cxuil qgrrx peMarnqecKar fpynna craBnTcr B KoHqe npe4noxenua: F{
r,rMeHrde
uoefi 4ovepu?
) Lil1rAt
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4. BseorHosauuufi l,Innolnr MarneeenqoqlryncflToJrbKo
or 3ByKa
pa aKryarrbHofo r{reHeHns, Ailfl rnrafrcxoro r3brKa HexapaKTepua.flo-
roJrocaOcrana.
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fr\\F&.i++ 4 ++WHl\Wfr 4 ff Hg n":
NFtr sfiSU sroMy B Tex cnyq:r.flx, KorAa B pyccKoM rrpeAnoxeHr.rz pefuaruvecrcaa
efo r{acrr' HaxoAHTcr B Haqiure, npH nepeBoAe Ha xuraficxufi r3brK ee
il,ifrF tr-.i,
ti-i6HEtrX. creAyer [epeHecrH B KoHeU rrpeAJro)r(eHur.(DopvalbHbrMH rroKa3are-
sosre ce6q qv-
5. Jluqo ero crurnoeule MpaqHefi,rcorgaoH yBr4AeJr
rIlHKa. JI'MH PEMbI, HAP'AY C OTMCI{EHHbIMII BbIITC YKA3ATENbHbIMH MECTOHMC-

gE$llryllfffi+ SILEH XEt,'ft!,fr"]Efi

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6. KorraynpnqTHonoTeprreTb . oTpHuaHHc:
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7. Ocran noMopulr4Jrcq,r{To cron;ro elry 6olsmoro rpyAa. Hayqo[o noHcKa.
xt'tiEH,til+
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Moxuo noHflTb HereprreHue o6rqecrneHHocrr{, xeJraHr4eno_
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cKopee B3rnrHyTb Ha 3aKpbrTbrecTpaHHUbrHarxero npounoro.
(reuu)
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B pyccrcorta
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a orKpbrBaer ero, HanpuMep: <I4vesso 3THMpy-
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16 8 Kumailcxuu nsurc. Teooust u nDaKntuKa neoeeodu
__ fraea 5 . lTepeeodc pyccxozo nsatxa tta xumuilcxui 169

o Ynpaxnenrn FJ, -hE:xt'tt ,t /_+NkF)idl,,tg

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npednoxeHud, r"t,hE4zt'Hl6t-rl +, +E\?tfltt*4? ft }"ffiEl_+-I.
gneHeHuga Hux
onpedenume,KaKueSfleMeHmHaKmyanbHoeo
nepecmaefieHH
npu nepeeode.
1+ K + .
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fr FJ,[.{Lf
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gKoHoMHrreaKHX,
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nep€BoAe HcnoJlb3yrorcq Klrraficrcue c.rroBac orpaHHqeHHOfiCOqgraenaoQTbro,
KpoMe rex, Koropble npeAorlpeAentlorct ceMaHTnr{ecrcoft uln fpaMMa-
nu6o gaercn Synxunona,rbHrrfi axeusaleHT Bcefo eAHHcrB4 HanpuMep:
rH.recxofi HecoBMecrnMocrblo 3wauenuit, a raKxe uopiuofr.
Heceo6oAHt'Ie coqeraHuq croB xapaKrepmyrcTcfl BocnpoH3BeAeHHeM .{epxarrKaMeHb
:a nas;xoft
'PF'lRt,h;,L"PF.HXfi
;, ["pFtr iI|.
orrpeAeneHHoro QnrccupoBaHHoro vrr.r qacr*rqHo nepeMeHHoro JIeKcHqe-
hrparr B npsrKr.t f,t:Effi;A*E#NN;
F,3Hffi;
Sft9H.
cKoro cocrana. Hecno6o4Hble coqeraHu.r c $nrccupoBaHHblMJIeKcI{qecKuM r{ro xe Kacaercr rperbefo rnna
$paseonorn3MoB- HAHoM, To no-
cocraBoM Ha3blBalorcc Qpa:eonorrcMaMu. flo crenenn ceuanruqecrcofi cKonbKy HX 3HaqeHHeHe BbIBoAHTctlI3 cocTaBJItIotUHxnx uacteft, To ne-
cJrlrrHocru orn cor{eraHl,It BapbprpyrcTor $pa:eoloruqecKnx o6oporoa, n peBoA Moxer 6urs gau roJrbKo c yqsroM 3HaqeHHrBcefo coqerauun.llpu
cocraB Koropblx BXoArr cJIoBa co ceo6oAHHN.{ll Spa:eonoruqecKu cBt- gToM Orurrb-TaKr.rMoryr 6srrr 4ra Bapva{ra:
QyHxqnoHalsHrrfi ana.nor
3aHHblM3HaqeHHeM(<noagyurHstfi aaltorc>>,xpoveutHulfi a,4>>,<rocxa 6e- rrpH HrInHqHus rcHTaficrcoM t3brKe roxAecrBeHHoro rro 3HaqeHilroSpa:eo-
pfl), (ureKornl4Boe noJlo)KeHue>), 4o QpaseolorraqecKux cpaqeHufi Jloffi3Ma, HItyr)Ke)npr,Iero orcyrcrBuH, orlHcareJlbHrtft nepenog:
(uauou), B Koropbx Bce r{astu ceMaHTl4r{ecxra
a6colrcrHo cnacHbl (<6urr Emt 6axlyrun tifrT,,shl;
ffirTHFg.
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qe>). flpovexyroqHoe rIoJIoxeHI,IeMexAy 3THMI4AByMt BHAaMH3aHHMa-
.{Hny ganarlcr frl+i?.fr'f+;HSI|H6
Oveprx roJroBy 6ln,H.Ri&:#*.tfu,.
rcr Qpa:eoloruFlecKl{e eAHHcrBa,B Koropblx ueJlocrHoe 3Harteuuecoqera-
floroxa pyKyHacepArreE,[,1fi ,€; IfffifA.
HUfi s rofi mu uuoil creneHH MorHBlIpoBaHo orAeJIbHbIMH3HaqeHH.flMH Hau6olee r{acro B KarrecrBe 3KBHBaJTeHToBpyccKrrx krAUoMs rcHrafi-
cocraBJrtroullrx HX cJIoB(<Aepxat KaMeHbsa na:yxofi>>, (Hrparb B npcr- cKoM r3brKe Bbrcryrraror q3H6ron. flo onpegelesuro 3. I4. Bapauonofi,
Kr.r),(sroMl,ITbcflB OTKpbnyrc ABepb), (cTepeTb e nopouorc>).
,l
<<qeHbrofi
- 3To ycrofivunoe $pa:eolornqecKoe cnoBocoqeraHne, Ko-
flpu nepenoAe c pyccKoro q3blKa ua rcnraficruir pautuune Mex,4y Topoe nocrpoeHo rro HopMaMApeBHeKnTafrcxoror3brKa, rrpeAcraBnrer
3TrfMHBHAaM:aQpaseororu3MoB Hfpaer cyuecrBeHHyto ponb. Opa-:eo- co6ofi ceMaHTrrqecKuMoHoJrHTHoeeAHHcrBo c o6o6uqeHuo-[epeHoc- I
 Kumaiicxuil nsow. Teopunu a nepeooda I-naaa5 . Ilepeeod c pyccxoaonsatxaua xumailcrcuu lJ3
112
cKoe coorBercrBHe Aaercf eMy B cnoBape (KanbKa, orrHcareJrbHtrfine-
HbIM 3HaqeHI4eM,HOCHT3KCrIpeccuBHbIHxapaKTep,SyHxqltoHallHo
peBoA lllu $yHxqnonalrHufi aualor), Ho H ycnoBLrfl,MprreKcr,rKo-
flBrrserctrqJIeHoMnpeAnoxeHua>' [8, 79].
fpaMMaTHqecKofo KoHTeKCTa.OAUH U TOT Xe Qpa:eoloru3M MO)KeT
flpneegeu npHMepbl PyccKHX HAHoM u l.rx xntaficxux QyHrcrluo-
HMeTbpa3HbreBapHaHTbrnepeBoAa,Ha[pHMep:
HAJTbHbIX AHUUIOIOB:

[epxarr s3bIK3a sy6anu

ij' tr fiffn l) flo4Hrru Bocc'aH'e s rarcofi o6crauoexe - 3To 3HaqHJrorrocra-

Hcxarr, HronKy B crofe ceHa x'&ffi+t BHTbBCeHa KapTy.

He e 6poul,a B ruIa3 -* nfu ft r{ f+frt'f6n T zF4T*s € iAii. - #[.

}. f;'Jt
2) Kpr.r:acHa3pen.Bce 6yayrueepyccxofi peBonroqaunocraBJreHo
Hnro,Hnce 4:='FE; 1F9F1F4
Ha Kapry.
Annernr npnxoAl'Ir Bo BpeM-fle.{bl ?+.1-lSR
HeKoTopoe KoJrHqecTnoQpaeeo-ilofr43MoB,3auMcTBo-
fp,flilt,s,{ Hft fr!gf n"u
T . l+Y,tr 6 d &b#itrfrffi**.
cyuecrnyeT
B nepeorra npeA.rro)KeHHHncnonb3oBaH cnoBapHbrfi gKeasareHT (rro-
BaHHbrXrcnraficrcutt t3bIKoM US enponefiCKl{X nyTeM CeMaHTHT{ecKOro
craBurb Bce Ha Kapry) T/[,ff --#ll. ]ro srr:eaHo AByM' npnvuHanu. Bo-
14y HHx ec'm QyHrcqHoHzLIIbHbIe
KanbKl,rpoBaH],1rr,, aHanofH B pyccKoM
q3blKe,HanpI,IMep: nepBbrx, c rorrKr43peHH_sceMaHTHKH,:ror $pa:eonofu3M B AaHHoM[peA_
Jro)KeHHHnpeAcTaBrser coo0fi qacrb cpaBHeunr (<nogHcrb BoccraHHe) :
flpurno:gnrb K no3opHouYcrol6Y +Tt4'lryfl (nocraBHTb Bce Ha Kapry)), H 3Aecb I4crIoJIL3oBaHI4eKarrbKH(i/tlit -#l(
BoopyxeHusrfiAo ry6oe frr*fuf ffi 3Har{Ltr6yrcna;rrHo (rrocraBmb Bce Ha oAHy Kapry)) nnolne yvecrHo. Bo-
Oxo :a orco,:y6 :a:y6
BTOpbrx,c roqKH 3peHr4rfpaMMarHKH,3AeCbUa6lrc4aercr napalurenn3M B
Tacrarr KailITaHbt lI3 orHt +I{XF o6enx qacrf,x npe&TolKeHuJI(<no4urru Boca-raHrre))u (ilocraBgTl tsce Ha
flo.urusarr MacJIa B ofoHt, /<,rnniH Kapry)) HMeror oAHHaKoBylo DraroJrbHo-o6renHyo crpyrcypy). T'axunr
Heo6xoAnnao HMerb B Bl'I.qy,r{To r{3Httou npH nepeBoAec pyccxoro o6pa:ou, JreKcuxo-rpaMMarlrrlecKufi napa-ulerH3M no3BoJrqer Hcnorb3o-
He ToJIb-
KaK 3KBHB€LIIeHTbI
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KO 3MOUHOH1UIT,HOOKpaIIIeHHbIXH.4I1OM,UO U yCrOfir{HBbIXCoVetaHufi,
rrepeAaHaonucarenbHr,rMnepeBoAov f4L/Ei^€fi,l** (yxe repe-
JIHrreHHbIx3KcnpeccnBHofroxpacrcH,HanpI'IMep: xuBasr peuraloulnfi MoMeHT). Tarcofi cnoco6 nepeBoAa mr6pau noroMy,
llpanay cMeuHBaror c nolynpar,uofi. Lrro B AaHHoMc"[] {ae yxe Her cpaBrleHur B xapaKrepe geitcreun,
+8A#- -_.E -
a rarcKe
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r 6/+8i4,+BmlEru H,[,*i.
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1. ConocmaeemeopueuHanu nepeeodpyccxux epaseonoeu3Moe,
He no coBecrfi, KTo Pa6oral IUIoxo.
onpedenume,xaKoi cnoco6 nepeeoda ucnonbsoeaue xaxdou
ffiil*.,{^in?*fit)tfrnTli#th
i9.W1FPft*,r)tfilst:4<fi cny.lae.
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qTO ynorpe6neHHe ToIO HJII4
1. Kyfi xe.ueso,noKaropetroF_fJl+Tffi.
B :ax-nnqeune seo6xoAHMOOTMeTHTb,
2. llparla rrra3aKorrer,ts#U4
HHOpOSpareoloryr3Ma OnpeAeJIteTCtHe TOJIbKOTeM, KaKOeJIeKcHqe-

i
174 Kumailcrcuilnsaw. Teopuau npaKmuKanepeeoda c pyccKoeo n3dKa Ha KutnQucKurl

t{erorpexaranrr I-V3z*i/. 6. Py6urn c nJreqa

3.
-.ftFL&,in
4. He r'ryApeHo,
5.
"to -€fi6'l*
BeAaue npnxoAuroatu iEZiFli -. 4 - + FJ"$.IAJfr,_tffp+H
6. Ern:orcrroKorb,Aa HeyKycruroiEEMR, rz!A^iE; pJE -t.4lrBf.I&,in ^tr
3. ConocmaeameopueuHanu nepeeodnoduepxnymatxepaseono_
If,TEIBIT;4+H&. eu3Moe,nonpo6ydmeo5tncuumb, noqeMye xaxdou cnyqae uc-
l. Tau xoporuo,fAe HacHeriStl=EEIF LLffi nonb3oeaHmom unu uuoil eapuaum.
8. B uyxon rrnpynoxMente XS"fl *',k., ,X&ift,fu
1. flpanurerscrnoneprnrcq.xax 6erxa s rco,'rece,
oHoH3Ko)r(r.r
Jre-
AoKueeaAoBeAer
9. -flsrrrc R+T ffiHlH ger, uto6u 3arKHyrb ro 3Aecb,To raM HeAoBo_[bcrno
pa6ourrx
=f fn iffiAuKuf,
10.Y centrHrHeK AHrr6es.nu:y narcofi
-nra6y4trprnuuxofi .
11.Corossq6acHcMH HeKopM{r@ffififn Etffi 'lt1+F* H rfu, -A JL+1. i\1t,, -Al L+l.Stj6, +fft-
eapuaHmoenepeeodapyccKuxQpasee
ConocmaetmeHecKonbKo
-
fFH ttd{i,(11 LEt+r 4 iffi.
onpedenume,xaxodu3HuxneflfremcnnpaeunbHbtM.
noeu3Moe, 2. V rJenuftAeHboHa(uaru)^ffi Kpy)Kunacb, xarc6e,rrcas Korece, Bapulta
o6e4,aapula,rnrostrfi cryAeHbAnr rrpoKJraMa\uit u xlefi 4ll uux.
1.Eor c snv!
-. -tffi{Rihltut ) +11W,iU (q*) *t*trum1rt+lD)*1, 'ttt+WT*t.X
*.TryH'ft!,ttfit ft lfrttn, X p.h ltuIfl t&fifi,f€+ W& {hXF.trtW.*tn KW.
3. EeseHvyx o6lrAqnso rroxaur nrerraMrz H, nporqHyB pyKy B Ha_
= . R-t)l#FnFfrU
! npaBneHHHKOHKypeHToB, npoBopr{zu:
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ynHparcbH nyTarcbB Horax.
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BepTHTCty Hr4x non HofaMH, 3JrbrerxyTKH tXyTHT.
KnoyH

4. fonopurs o npeKpacHoMrIoJIe
*.thk#-En'ff'lHry nffl[+HE6.qffi4.fl*trdLXE1
-.ih|kt,'y+. Bii+r+fir+s,
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6. Cefiqac y uac xaxArrfi qerosex Ha cqery.
5. Crr.rorperrHa npeKpacHrtfinon
-. HR
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u nodcmaebme a cxo6xu nodxodnque xumadcxue epaeeonoeus-

l
t7 6 Kumaitcrcuilnswx. I'eopua u npaKmuKanepeeoda lnaea 5 . ITepeeod c pyccKoeo z3dKa Ha rcumailcxuit 117
Mbt, coomeemcmeypu"Me nodqepKHymbM e pyccKux nped- {Dpa:eolorrcMbr Anr 3anoJrHeHurnponycKoB:
nox<eHunx cnoaaM u cnoeoco.le maHuflM. ii[i6 Hc,ff'.l
# H ; l+wftt*,L; t+E,c+ ; w HtiEnffi; r[tt'I+
Kpyru fibrralorct orMbITbcBoHrpexn.
l. 3auaAHrrenpaBeurHe EVIIilF.;b#D)*; HqFR{;iE#flKt; ffiilB,i&T; F,}fr.
( ).
v+rttfr,tAREAK Wij ;'fFiffiT Bf; iHT *, [,; ME RIe{.t)t; Wtrt&jfrr:4;E
I

2. VI Aaxe MHoroeu3 Toro, qro 6tuo pe[IeHo,octalocr, sa 6vlrare.

ItoBHC,'tOB BO3AyXe.
ffixsm'd'u'{ft
;k;T lH,ffi
trfs;)Ftr*nfi;dK{g^+H. I
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&4.e44[7^frTtu1Vr&^ffie,#V x) Bu6op crn,rlrcrnqecnnx cpeAcrB nepeBoAa
3. MHorne norcapo6eror, Aeilcrsym c olnsArcofi, 6ol.rcr orBercr- crullrcrnqecKue cpeAcrsa,rn6oro
{3brKa noApa3Aen*orcr sa sefi-
BeHHOCTH, HaXOntTCt e[Ie B rlneHy ycTapeBIrIHX npaBHJI ]l I4Hcr- TpirnbHbreH nocrorHHo oKparrreHHue.K nepnsrM orHoctrcr (r3bIKOBbIe
pytruuft. eAHHHrrbr, Koropbre Moryr HcnoJrb3oBarbcq B pa3nr4r{Hbrx csepax n
j6+i,*i( ), tfififi4|,6. ( ) IHi4
ffgi, {+9)ut6frn'8, ycnoBr.Irx o6uleuu-n, He npHBHOCTB BbrCKit3brBaHHe oco6oro crr4Jrr4crH-
( ).
-F-fitjtr qecKoro npH3HaKa, T' e. cpeAcrBa, crHJIHcrHrlecKH
He oKpameHHble.
4. Pyccrcnfi HapoA criL'I npocBeuIeHHbIMHapoAoM, o qeM Mor;IH 3ro, uanplrMep, TaKue o6rqeynorpe6urellHue cJroBa,KaK aoM, pyKa,
JrHrubMer{TarbBeJTHKHe [pocBernTenn npounoro. Ho caMoycno- rIeJIoBeK'ropa, qHTarb, roBopHTb. rcpacgsIfi,ronrcufi kI
T. A. HrraeHHoua
KO€HHOCTb H 3AeCb HeilO3BOJIHT9JII'Ha.
QoHe erux crnJrHcrHqecxu HeftrparbHbrx eAaHrlrr BbrAen.rrrorcrcpeAcr-
'ffitr R trFtt H +\Hff'lAR, rxfefi* *1lfrX+frHx BA, CTHrrklCTHqecKr,t
oKpatrreHHbre.Taxnu o6pasolr, ero cnoeo6pasHbrfi
,ffl( ) fr!.{EaBrffi ( ) i+T-t,j/r6'!. uylenoft (crruucrnuecxr,r) ypoee u:o>>
[9, 27 ].
5. Koe-rro yxe cefoAHt npeAnoqnTaer BecrH cqer npoMaxaM, BMe- Hau6onruyro rpyAHocrr, rrp' rrepeBoAe npeAcraBn.sror crHJrHcrH-
cro roro, vro6rt, 3acLqHB pvxaBa, 6oporrcr c HeAocrarKaMH, r{ecKH oKparxeHHbte eAHHHIIbT.K suu orHoccrcs
HCKaTbHOBbrepeuJeHr,ul. syurquoHaltHrte
cpeAcrBa (xHuxHue H pa3foBopuue) n 3Kcrrpeccr.rBHlre(oqeHo.rurre,
+rtNi-4rq6 1gxiru4friF ( ) T, nE4E( ) *frl o6pa:urre ra r. A.). Brr6op cru;urcrur{ecKHx cpeAcrB, KaK
Synxquo_
fi ,fi'ff++,'*+**f fiIftYtLltl*. H;LrrbHbIx,TaK H 3KCrrpeccHBHbrX,rBJr.gercs stl)Kuoft npo6neuoft nepe-
6. Ho noc.negcrBrur ronraHuq Ha Mecre, 3acroq H paBHo.qytuat KyAa BOAaC pyccKofo t3brKa Ha rnraficxuia. or roro, HacKonbKo aneKBa.rHo
3Haqnr€JlbHee14Aopoxe, qeM n3AepxffI4, Koropble BO3HHKaIOT B [pO-
no4o6paHrt 3TH cpeAcrBa, 3aBHclITKaqecrBo rrepeBoAa,HanpnMep:
qecce rBopr{ecKoro aosvraHvlfi HoBbIXQopru o6rqecraeuHofi xH3HH.
A4rorcar pa3ApiDrzurocrpblMu cJroBaMr,r
[Hft.,( ), ( ) f[ ( ) n"]FR,f-+ltiffi4t'f/f, 4th#+lr$'fiR crapyrc roxy cyAefi.

A d,J
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nepnou BapHaHTe
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craHoBKy, He nacoBarb nepeA TpyAHocrtMH, He naHHKoBarb. He noAxoArrrlnfi u culy csoeft 3KcnpeccHBHocru Qpa:eonorus Effifi
TeptTb ronoBy HH or ycnexoB, HI4or HeyAaq. ft <<Hamufi; 6eccrsr4usrfi; ro-ncroxox<nfi>>.HcnomgosaHHe 3Tofo
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aropofi vacrlr
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178 Kumaiicrcuil nsow. Teopun u npaKmltKa nepeooda I-naea5 . lTepeeodc pyccrcoeo
n:]btKaua rcumailcrcuu tlg
nepBoftqacrH rpeAnoxeHHflBMecro+Hn! 5tA (q3BHrenbHbre cyx- cle4yer yrr'TbrBarb, rrro B 3aBHcHMocrHor onHcbrBaervtoil curyaguu
AeHHq)), rlMerou1ero a6crpaxrusriicMbrc,r,yflorpe6neHolH ial
cJrr4rlKoM o6ulenlrc, KoHTeKcra HJrr HHToHauHHB pevu nro6ar s3brKoBa, eAHHHua
E-f,|J uo"tpo orroqeHHbreOopMynHpoBKH), Koropoe 6o,rrure noAxo- MOXer npno6pvrarb 3KcrrpeccuBHoe3HarreHHe,H OHO
AODKHO6rrl coor_
AHT B AaHHoM cnyqae B cHny cBoefi ceMaHTHKH. BSTCTBeHHOnepeAaHoB nepeBoAe,HanpHMep:
Brr6op $yrcqnoHanbHooKparxeHHbrx
cpeAcrB AonxeH ocyuecrB- - Hy H poAcrBeHHrzKH
y re6r xyrrcue.
rflTbcqc yqeToMnpr.rHaAne)KHocTH
nepeBoAHMoro
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dauplrluue!
cur{ecKHxeAHHHq,a He pa3foBopHbre,HanpHMep:
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r98 Kumailcxtni nsarx. Teopun u npaKmuKa nepesoda

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l. KoudaxoeH. 14.Jlornsecrul clonapb-cnpaBoqHnr. M., 1975.
2. Pe4xep .fl. LI. Teoput u rpar(rraKanepeBoAau nepeBoAqecxarnpaKruKa.
I4H$opvaquoHHbre coo6ureH,c npeAcraBnrror co6ofi Ma.r.ep,urnbr
M .,1 9 7 4 .
3. IJleeilt4epA. !. tlepenoAn Jrr4HrBlrcrura.
M., 1973. rrpeccbr, nocBqu1eHHbreBDKHbTMco6urnql4 B crpaHe u :a py6exou.
4. Veprcaccrcuii JL E. Masxogcxnfiu Knrae. M., 1976. Teuarurca HX qpe3Bblr{aftHopaeHoo6paeHa,oHa oxBarbraaer npo6leurr
5. tstri{t. fiui+-,H,H.fr!}*rltfn4l}9.
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Qoprupyccxoro nrafoJla.1865.C. 133
8. HexpacoeH. II. O 3HarreHr4Lr UTEHUfr HENPHEMNEMbI ONUCATEJIbHOCTb TI 3KCNPCCCHBHOCTb, B HHX H3-
9. Eapanoea3. II. MorcnrpyeMbre Spaseonoru:Nlu s rr4raficxoN.rqsbrre //
rafarorcc roJrbKo Qarru co6srrufi c nepeqHcneHHeMAar, uveu Aeficr-
I4ccreAosaHuq no xuraicroMy r3brKy.M., 1973.
10.KoacunaM. I.l. Crunucrr{KapyccKofor3brKa.M., 197'7. Bylouux Jtr4uH Mecr, rAe npoucxoAHnu sru co6urux. lnt nn$opnra_
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CfleqnaJrr,Hbrxrep-
12.KomooA. M. Crurlucruxa xuraficKoror3brxa.Kypc nexulrfi. M., 1984. MHHoB,oco6srx peqeBbrxSoptryn H KJrHue.
13.IJlep6a JI. B. Onur JrrrHrBr4crrlqecKono
roJrKoBaHur cruxoreopeuwit /l
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Jl. B. IJ-\ep6a.
Hs6pauHrrepa6orurno pyccKoMyr3btKy.M., 1957.C. 30.
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7 . B unpe cyqecrByer roJrbKo oAus Kuraft, ilpaanre:rr,clrro l(l
SoprvreApyrylo floroaapnaa]oqy]oce Cropouy o cBoeM HaMepeHilil raficrcofi HapogHofi Pecrry6lurclr sBrqercr eAuHcrBelnn)tM'tir
npeKparurbero AeilcreHe. KoHHbrM rpaBI4TeJrbcrBoM,npeAcraBnrloullrM Becb Kn'rai.i, l
Coeepu:eroa Mocree 16 upnn 2001 roAa B AByxgK3eMnnnpax' Ka- Tafi saHr, r BJrrclcr HeorbeMJreMofiqactrro Kura.s.
44uri na pyccKoMtl xrrafrcxotvtg3blKax,
npHqeM o6a rexcra nMeor
8. Ha ocuonc n'rauusoil BbrroAbr pa3BHBarr,corpyAHuqecrBo u
oAfiHaKoBytocilny. Topt-oBo-.lKolt()Mh qecKofi, noeHHo-rexnr,Iqecxofi, HayqHo-TexHH-
ffi* + taF qecxoii,')ncplst'Hqecrcofi, rpaucnoprHofi o6lacrrx, r rgepuofi
/*.F.fr* -t - + dij',fi
n 4+
* X hH h + " lnR&4 * n Ffrjffi 3HeprelHKc. rl r[uuaHconofi, nocullvecrcofi, aBVarIHoHHofio6-
1aI-ij$J*D)+IffiMfr,tL*nfr2\ n- rtWlii4,)L^*n , WJ Jracrrx, a ctllcllc ulrrlopnaaquoHHbrxrexnolornfi r,rgpyrnx cSe-
pax, I lpollc l il llJIr l()rql.tx s:aHi\aublilHHTepec.
+ *nl? E7)tWK114, * 4&lLLlXIWre "
**hT:o o*++,,8+^ n&Hffit+&ir, -frffi 2. I-lucameuuo
nepeeedumeHa pyccKuilnsax cnedyrcquecnoeoco-
qemaHue, ucnonffiye sKaueaneHml u3 meKcma poccuilcxo-
xfi 'f{krE Frt,Etf+raE+'f€I&.
tJt,Elharffi+ KumadcKoeodoeoeopa.
++ R+fEtr4t* t+v,yffiwx+F4t#
iTi+R ffi+n#xF.*H I. 8'J" l 'f{[i! | r,lA lUt,i:tl\ /f.+lffin F.4+t
2. +-YJ|t:il);li rl
I 71;ii t?-r'Pi.ft IiEi:I ffi+,ftt4XAB f[ F qE
O Ynpaxnexrn
3. Httl l' 4tll"'l,i/'ilt !\; lil,iFfftfny.qa5{3ft
4. j[ ill I'l'ffi',j'r\ t_4 -
ff'11'fii ') Fni*FnU5i&nUtSfS
1. Iluctmeunonepeeedumeua xumadcxudssutxcnedyrcquecnaeo-
coqemaHur, ucnonb3ys sKeueaneHmHu3 meKcma poccuilcxo- Ir'l|tr,;Hr(kl^ff't
ff':2\ rtr ft Jrllr'ttt r;
xumailcxoeo)oeoeoPa. s. ff{d,'itr ,{'lltt ,l' I {(i,tttri! f:;i44. TLTlF.lg,ETTi*
l. Huerr BaDKHoe3HaqeHI'IeAJII pa3BHTHt ABycropoHHI4x orHo-
p\lri{.'l'if ,| ,j'rj./.1'l'J\&lf/'tjEifltj
rueHuil 6. tfi!<t,tyt1fi rlr, |\il'i ti 4<fi ,fii*-ffitha\+*fiELzF.\4h]i
2. YxpenreHne 4pyx6u, Ao6pococeAcrBa H B3aI'IMoBbIroAHoro W+h\i'Jrf' ill l'l /r
llri'r
coTpyAHHqecTBa 7. tty,)j [.1.\ tt I ,ll lt',rl, rf,{ t(*fn tr n'ltr X4- fin1;n
,1,
3. flogrnepx.qat cBoI{ o6q:arerucrBa no Ycraay OpraHn:aquu
O6teAuueHHrtx Haqufi I4ApyrHM Me)qqyHapoAHbIMAoroBopaM l-.'i"lI li'll,lilI [gt1rra1i'f;
220 Kumaficrcuilnsux. Teopuau npaKmuKanepeeoda

8 tfrnxxrt\#<tt$UlNkRv4L, +\H, Ia{. 'fH,R. Crarts I I

CropoHsr o6rsyrorcr pac[IHprrb u yr,ry6,rrrr, 3KoHoMr-lqecKoe,
. ff Fiftri*ifl €ntuI
iftw+ ffit ifr.Ee ff npoMbrllrneHHoe,snuaucoBoe, HayqHo-TexHHqecKoen 3KOHOMHT{e-
3. LlcnonasynQopuynupoexupoccuicxo-xumadcxoeo)oeoeopa, ne' cKoe corpy,{HuqecrBo. Osu comacHbr B ToM, rrro cyqecrBy}or yc_
peeedumeua xumadcrcu|nsau<HeKomopbrccmambupoccuilcxo- JroBr'r{Anr [epexoAa 3KOHOMHT{ecKoro corpyAHHqecrBa Ha Kaqecr_
eepMaHcKoeodoeoeopa. BeHHouosuril ypoBeHb.
Crarss 1 Crarss 22
Poccl.rilcxac u Oe4eparnnHa.a
Oe4epaqr.rr fepva-
Pecrry6lurca Hacrorulnfiloronop noAJre)KHr
parr.r$raxaqrara.
o6rvreH
paru$uxa-
Hr,rsnpn pa3Bvrrrrvt
cBoHXorHorueHnfr cneAyrc-
pyKoBoAcrBylorcq TIHOHHbTMH
fpaMoraMH COCTOT{TC'B CaMOe onuxafiuree BpeMJ{ e r. Mo_
rqHMlr ilpr4Hur4[aMH: CKBE.
OHH ssanlaHo yBiDKaIor cyBepeHHoepaBeHcrBo,TeppHTopnanbHyro Hacrolulnfi .{oroaop Bcrynaer B cuny B AeHb o6ueHa paru$N_
He3aBI,ICHMOCTI'
uenocTHocTbI4 IIOJIHTI,IqeCKyIO Apyr Apyfa. KauHoHHr,rMr,rrpaMoTaMH.
OHH no,qrsepx(Aalor npaBo Bcex HapoAoB H rocyAapcre ceo6oA- Hacrorqufi {oroeop 3aKJrroqaercrcpoKoM sa 20 ter. Ero
Aeil_
crwre 6yler 3areM aBToMarr,rqecKHnpoAneBarbc, Ha cneAyrorrlHe
Ho u 6es BMerIIareJIbcrBaH3BHeofipeAentrb cnorc cyAs6y H ocyue-
TI'THJICTHHETIEPHOAbI,CCJIHHH OAHA H3 CTOPOH HC 3A,qBHTO
crBJltrb no co6creeuHoMy )KeJIaHHIo cBoe noilnTnr{ecKoe,coquaJlb- CBOCM
)r(eJraHr4uAeHoHCHpOBaTb ero n),TeM nLrcbMeHHOfO yBeAOMneHHq
HOeu KyJ]brypHoepa3BHTHe. 3a
OAHH fOA AO HCTer{eH[r coorBeTcTByroqero cpoKa.
Osu o6ecneqnBalor npuopuTer o6rqenpnHrrbtx HopM MexAy-
CoeeputeHoe r. EoHHe9 uon6px 1990roaa B AByx3K3eMrr,rrrpax,
HapoAHoro ilpaBa Bo BuyrpeHsefi u Me)IqyHapoAsoff nolurHKe H rcax(AulfrHa pyccKoM H HeMeuKoMr3brKax, npuqeM o6a rexcra
noATBep)KAaK)TCBOIOpeUIHMOCTbBbI[OrHCTb CBOHAOfOBOpHbIe HMeroT oAHHaKOByTOcHJry.
o6ssatemcrea.

Crarus 6
Poccuficxas @e4epaqur u Oe4eparnrHar Pecny6lnxa fepma-
Hr,r' ycnoBnnucb npoBoAI,ITb pefynqpHble KoHcyJrbTaIIHHc uenblo
o6ecne.reHraqAanrHefi ffero pa3BltrHr r-ryrny6:reHl4t cBol{x ABycro-
poHHHx ornoureHufi, a raK)Ke corJlacoBaHHq nosHlll,rfi no MexAyHa-
poAHbrMBonpocaM.
KoHcy.nrraquu Ha BbIcureM rloJrI4THqecKoMypoBHe 6ylyr
[poBoAuTbct no Mepe Heo6xoAutuocru, no ueHsrueft Mepe oAHH
pa3 B roA.
Muuucrprt HHocrpaHHbIX AeJI npoBo.qqr Bcrpequ He pe)I(e AByx
. pa3 B foA.
Fylyr [poBo.4uTbcqperynqpHble Bcrpequ MHHI,IcrpoBo6opoHrt.
Melqy ApyrHMH MHHI,IcrpaMuo6oux rocyAapcrB no Mepe He-
o6xoAuuocru 6yayr npoBo/rnTbct Bcrpequ no reMaruKe, npeA-
craBntloulefi e:aHvHt Ifr HHTepec.
 Oenaeteuue 223
l-naea 5.
OrnasreHue lepenog c pyccr or o q3br KaHa xur aiicr cuii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I .3. 5 ..
l. Jler cuqecr uenpo6leuur [ epeBoAa . . . . . . . . . . .136
..
Or aeropa a) I lepeao4HaypoBHecnoBocoqer aulr.f.r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. .36 ...
6) llepeno4Ha ypoBHer r peAnoxeHr 4f . . .i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. .3.g. . .
l- na e a 1 . a) flepeno4 HaypoBHeBbrrrre, qeM[peAnoxonwe...........142
Kparxaa ucropfifl [epeBoAoBeAeHufle Kurae"""""' 2. Ct r ur axcn. {ecxuenpo6leM brr r epeBoAa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.4. .g. .
l-naaa 2. a) llepeno4onpeAeneHr ,. r. .f .i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l4g
.
Kurafrcraq [ucbMeHHocrb ..........
H rlepeBoA " " " " " " " " " " " "29 6) f lepe4auanpeAnof oBr r pr 4nepeBoAe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I.5. .I. .
n) f lepeno4KoHcr pyKr lr 4f ................. . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Fnaea 3. r) flepegavacy6rexra r rpeAuKararpr4 nepeBoAe.........15i.
KuraftcxaqKyJlbrypau repeBoA... """"".'""""43
a) flepeaaqa aKryzrnbHoror{JreHeHurnpu rrepeBoAe....... 166
l. L{neronrte ..........'."....
o6o:HaqeHltfl """""""'44 e) f lepeno4$pa: eonor u3M oB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
..
2. BpevenaroAa.......'.... """"""""'47 N) Bur6opcrr.{JrHcrnrlecKr4x cpeAcrBrrepeBoAa..... ..........17 j
3. 3crern'{ecruenpeAcraBneHut ............ """""'48 3. Pe4axr nponaHr. .r.e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l .g9
4. flpocrpaHcrBeHHo-BpeMeHHble orHolueHllt"""""""""""'5 I
a) Cover aeuocr b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l .g9
5. O6 p a :n u e c p a BH e Hl tt " " " " " " " " ' 52 6) B116opcnoBapHor o coor Ber cr Bur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1. g9 .....
6. Pe l u rn o :g tl e rl o H tr nt " " " " " " " ' 57 n) Brr6op c.floBac yqeroM KoHreKcra
7. Po rc rs e H H rl eo rH o l ueH l ' Iq
-....' ........... " " " " " " ' 60 npeAno)r(eHufl v nepuo4a .... 190
8. Kl u ru e ........ " " " " " " ' 61
l-naea Ei.
l-naEa 4. ffepenog unSopnraquoHHbrx coo6uleuuft .....199
flpneuut repeBoAa """"""""""""'6'7 l. llepero4 3aroJroBKoB ............... 199
1. flepeno4 HaypoBHecJIoBl'I cnoBocorleraHuil """"""' """'67 2. Vcr o\ Lr uxn coo6r qeuvs. . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
2. flepeao4 oMoHlrMoB """""""""'69 3. f leper og r eKcr acoo6uleuur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
3 . fe u e p a l u :a q v fl ..---.......... " " " " " ' 73
lnaea 7.
4. flepeaog aHroHltMoB """""""""75
...." .... Ilepeno4 TeKcroBoQnqua,lrnbrx Aor(yMeHroe................
209
5 . S x n n s a n e H rH o c rb " " " " " " 76
6. fl e p e n o 4 p e a n u fi ...-.... " " " " " " " " ' 79
7. Cflnraxcu.Iecruae rpaHc$opMaql4u .....'.""""'88
8 . 3 a m e s a ........ " " " " " " 92
9 . AH ro H n rr{ [.re c rn i nepeaoA .' .......' ...... -...." " " ' 94
10. OnYqenne'. " " " " " " 96
11. flpueltu repeBoAa
Ha neKcnKo-QpaleolorlrvecKoMypoBHe.." " " " " " " " " "' -" I 0 1
12. fleperog q3HbIoeB.'... """""-""102
1 3 . fl e p e ro g ro ro B o p o K .. " " " .' " " " ' 108
1 4 . l l e p e a o gry a H r,Io H bl oeB ...............- " " " " " " " ' 110
15. fl e p e n o 4 a $ o p rl :u on. " " " " " " " ' 1l 3
16. fl e p e n o 4B 3 H b c H I43MoB ' .........." ..... " " " " " -" " 121