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1.2 Elements of System: CSC3513 Project Development - I

A system is made up of interdependent components that work together to achieve specific objectives. A system has inputs, processes, outputs, feedback, and exists within an environment. There are different types of systems including physical and abstract, open and closed, as well as computer-based systems. Management Information Systems (MIS) provide managers with relevant and timely information to help run business operations smoothly, while Decision Support Systems (DSS) assist in non-recurring decision making and considering more alternatives.

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33 views6 pages

1.2 Elements of System: CSC3513 Project Development - I

A system is made up of interdependent components that work together to achieve specific objectives. A system has inputs, processes, outputs, feedback, and exists within an environment. There are different types of systems including physical and abstract, open and closed, as well as computer-based systems. Management Information Systems (MIS) provide managers with relevant and timely information to help run business operations smoothly, while Decision Support Systems (DSS) assist in non-recurring decision making and considering more alternatives.

Uploaded by

Shane Watson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSC3513 Project Development –I

1.1 Definition

A system is a set of element/components combined together to fulfill a specific job.

System consist of interdependent parts .

System is made up of subsystem.

Way of thinking about organizations and there problem. It involves procedures, processes , methods ,
routines , techniques ..

A System is made up of sub system.

• System designed to achieve a specific and predefined objective.

• Components of the system must have inter relationship and interdependent among them.

• Objective of system is having higher priority than objective of its sub-system.

Example :- Computer, Education, Government ,

Bank, Transportation , Communication etc.

Software system

A software system is a system of intercommunicating components based on software forming part of


a computer system (a combination of hardware and software). (wikipedia.org)

Example : - Railway reservation, College admission, Online Examination, ATM , Operating System

1.2 ELEMENTS OF SYSTEM


• Input – Enter into system for Processing. (Material ,Human recourse, Information ) A
system feeds input to produce output.

• Output – Objective of system. (To produce processed information)

• Processors – Activities involved to transform input to output.

• Control - Input, processing , output should be Continuously monitored and controlled.

• Feedback- The actual output is checked with output which is expected and some
necessary steps are taken to minimize the difference in both . Suggestion given to
system is feedback ,it is helpful for decision making, Based on feedback the business
strategy are decided.
• Environment- It is “SUPER SYSTEM” within which organization works. It determine how
system functions.

Mr. Lalit A. Sonawane 1


CSC3513 Project Development –I

• Boundaries - A limit given to operate to a system.(In online lecture, a teacher can not
see what student is actually doing)
• Interface - Interaction and interconnection between the subsystems.

Control

Environment

1.3 Characteristics of system

• Organization- Rational(sensible) group of people work together to


achieve a specific goal, and it follows some structure.

for example- The hierarchical relationships starting with the president


on top and leading downward to the workers represents the
organization structure.

Precedent

VP VP
finance Production

CA Analyst Supervisor

Worker

Mr. Lalit A. Sonawane 2


CSC3513 Project Development –I

• Subsystem – System consist of subsystem/components with sub


goals.

Subsystem has some boundaries, the interconnection between


subsystem is known as interface.

• Interaction – Means communication between different


component.

• Interdependence – One part of the organization is depends on


other part of a system. Output of one subsystem is input for
another sub system.
• Integration – How a system is tied together.
• Central Objective – System may set one objective.
• Standards- It is acceptable level of performance for any system
and system should be designed in such way that it should meet
the standards.(business or organization)

Example:- Education System


•Application •Exam Form
Form

Admission Exam

Result Practical

•Paper •Lectures
checking

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CSC3513 Project Development –I

1.4 Types of systems


• Physical and Abstract system
PHYSICAL Systems are tangible entities that may be static or
dynamic in operation
example of static - Office desk, Chair
Example of Dynamic - Programmed Computer.
ABSTRACT Systems are conceptual or non
physical entities. They may be as straight forward as formulas of
relationships among set of variables or models is the abstract
conceptualization of physical system.
Example – Conceptual Model
• Open and Closed system
Open system continuously interacts with environment. It interact
inputs from and delivers output to outside.
Example – educational system (information can be shared to
various situation)
Closed system is isolated from environment influence. In reality
completely closed systems are rare.
Example - chemical reaction.
Computer Based system (MIS, DSS)
Involves
• Software – Programs , DS, Procedures etc.
• Hardware – CPU, Memory, Keyboard ,network Devices
• People – User ,Operators
• Database – Collective information
• Procedures – methods to solve problem

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CSC3513 Project Development –I

Management Information Systems


Data processing by computers has been extremely effective because of
several reasons. The main reason being the huge amount of data relating to accounts
and other transactions can record keeping and the automation of routine clerical
process. However, in recent years increasing attention has been focused on computer
applications providing information for policy making, management planning and control
purposes. MIS are more concerned with management function. MIS can be described as
information system that can provide all levels of management with information
essential to the running of smooth business. This information must be as relevant
timely, accurate, complete, concise and economically feasible must be as relevant,
timely, accurate, complete and concise as is economically feasible.

Example on MIS
• Online shopping, billing and payment processing
• Office automation , ERP (Enterprise resource planning)
• Inventory control system
• Customer relationship management
• Manufacturing and other business processes integration
• IT services management
• Enterprise resource management
• Human resource management
• Business intelligence management

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CSC3513 Project Development –I

Characteristics of MIS
• Comprehensive (thoroughly understanding)
• Coordinated
• It has information subsystem
• Rationally integrated
• Transforms data into information in variety of ways
• Enhance the productivity of the system
• Uses established quality criteria's
Capabilities and Benefits of MIS
• Online transaction processing
• Real time transaction processing
• Data communication
• Record search and analysis
• File enquiry
• Handles enquiries instantly
• Result oriented
• Helps in management activities like planning and control

Decision Support Systems:


• It is an information system that offers the kind of information that may not be
predictable, the kind that business professionals may need only once. These systems do
not produce regularly scheduled management reports. Instead, they are designed to
respond to a wide range of requests. It is true that all the decisions in an organization
are not of a recurring nature.
• DSS assists in decision making with the support of other lower level systems like MIS.
• These system make use of analytical and planning model.
• Mostly used for assisting top level management.
Benefits of DSS
• >Increase number of alternatives
• >Better decision are taken

Example of DSS

Bank loan approval system, Decision based on previous record ( verification process)

. Business expansion (Merging , Buying, Establishing new )

Mr. Lalit A. Sonawane 6

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