NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS OF

COLE-STAYED BRIDGE STFWCIVRES

JOHN F. FLEMING

Department of CIVII Engmeermg, Umverslty of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, US A

Abstract-‘The nonhnear static anaiys~s of plane cable-stayed bridge structures IS Lscussed. A computer program IS
presented which wdl analyze a plane cable-stayed bridge structure consldermg the effect of mlhal cable tenstons,
memberdeadwe@@,anddwtnbuted and concentrated hve loads

ant the work& ranging from short span foot

A cable-stayed bndge ISa noulmear stNct~ system m bndges to long span highway and railroad bndges, and
which the girder IS supported elastically at pomts along theu popularity is rapidly increasmg among bridge
Its length by Inclined cable stays. A wide variety of engineers.
geometnc ConfiguratIonshave been utilized in cable- One of the mam difhcultieswhich an engmeer encoun-
stayed brrdge construction Several typical geometnes ters when faced with the problem of designmga cable-
are shown in Fig. I(a). This type of bridge constructIon stayed bridge is the lack of experience with this type of
d#ers from conventlon~ suspenaon bndges smce the structure, scaly due to its nonlinear behavmr under
Brder ISsupported by mdrvidualmclinedcable members, normal design loads. ‘I%e purpose of this paper is to
which are attached dzrectly to the tower, rather than by present a computer program for performmg a nonlmear
vertical hangers which are supported by one mam cable static analysis of plane cable-stayed bridge structures.
suspended between the towers, as shown m FQ. l(b).
Although the concept of supportmg a bndge deck by
inclined tenston stays can be traced back to the seven-
teenth century[I], the economical explotation of this
concept by bridge engmeers has had to awsut develop- Evening the material m the members of a cable-
ments m two other fields. orthotropic steel decks and stayed bridge structure behaves in a linear elastic
high strength steel cables[2]. The first modem cable- manner, the overall load-displacement relationships for
stayed bndge was built in Sweden in 1955.At the present the structure will be n&near under normal design
time approximately 100 such structures have been built loads. ‘Ibis nonlinear behavior is a result of: the
nonlinear axial force-deformation relation&p for the
inclined cable stays due to the sag caused by their own
tAmmate Professorof CM Engmcering dead we@; the nonlinear axial and bendmg force-

Rodrating

Fan a.

Ibt

FIN1
CA.9 Vd IO No CE
621
622 F FLEMING
JOHN

deformation relatronskps for the bending members, onginal geometry can be used to compute the member
which can occur due to the interactron of large bendmg lengths,member slopes, and load moment arms. In cable-
and axral deformattons in the members; and the large stayed bridge structures displacements of several feet
dtsplacements which can occur in the structure under can occur, therefore, the effect of geometry changes in
normal design loads. AU of these effects are due to the structure could be significant.
geometry changes which occur in the structure as it
deforms under load. Consideration of nonlinear effects m analysis
Since the forcedeformation relatronshtps for cable-
Inclined cable stays stayed bndges are nonlinear, their analysis under the
It is well known from elementary mechamcs that a action of applied loads is more complicated than for
cabk, supported at its ends and subjected to its own conventional structures It is a basic rule of mechanics
weight and an externally applied axial tensile force will that statrcahy applied loads on a structure will always be
sag into the shape of a catenary. lhe axral stiffness of m equilibnum with the internal member forces. For a
the cable wiU change with changing sag, which in turn linear structure, the equilibriumequations can be formu-
changes with displacement of the cable ends. For con- lated in terms of the displacements with non-changmg
ventional tension members, the sag due to self weight proportionality constants known as stiffness coefficients
can be safely ignored, however, for cable members the The general form of the equilibriumequations are
sag must be considered if an accurate analysis IS to be
obtained. [~lua = {WI (1)
The displacements of the cable ends, which result
from deformations in the structure due to the applied where [K] IS the square matrix of strffness coefficients,
loads, have three distinct effects upon the cable. The first {D} IS the vector of joint displacements and {W} is the
ISa change in strain in the cable material.This change in vector of applied joint loads. For nonlinear structures,
strain can be considered to be linear and is governed by the Mness coefficients change wtth changmgload, and
the material moduIus of elasticity. Second, there is a m most cases cannot be represented by a simple al-
rearrangement of the mdividualwires in the cable cross gebraic expression, thus increasing the dilIiculty m
section under changing load. Part of this deformation, formulatmg and obtaining a solution for the eqtulibrium
which is known as constructional stretch, IS permanent, equations.
however, this permanent deformation is usually eli- The procedure used m the computer program presen-
minated by the cable manufacturer by pre-stretching the ted here, for the analysrs of plane cable-stayed bndge
cable to a load greater than the working load during the structures, IS a combined incremental and mterahve ap-
manufacturingprocess. The non-permanent part of this proach. The unbalanced loads, which are obtained from
deformation results in an apparent reduced effective summingthe external applied loads and internal member
modulusof elasticity for the cable material. For example, forces at each joint in the structure, are apphed m-
ASTM Specification AS36 states that the effective crementally during each iteration cycle assuming linear
modulus of elasticity for pre-stretched helical strand behavior of the structure during the application of each
shah be taken as 23-24 million lb/psi, whereas, load increment. The stiffness coefficients for the struc-
the material modulus of elasticity is approximately 29 ture are recomputed after each load increment using the
millionIb/psi. Third, there is the change in sag of actual deformed shape of the structure. Iterations are
the cable, exclusive of materialdeformation. This change continued until equilibriumISsatisfiedat ah joints within
m sag is governed by the length of the cable, the weight a prescribed limit.
of the cable and the tensile force in the cable. It is this
change in sag which causes the nonlinear force-defor-
mation relationshipfor the cable since the change in sag COMPWATION OFSl’tuJCt‘URALSlWFNE%
does not vary linearly with cable tension. The stiffness matrix [K] for the structure can be
computed by the standard assembly procedure by sum-
Bending members ming the stdfnesses of the mdivtdual members of the
Structural members which carry both axrai force and structure[3]. Therefore d the stiffnessesof the individual
bending moment are subjected to an interaction between members can be computed then the total structural
these two effects. The lateral detlection of a member stiffness can be found.
causes additional bending moment when subjected to a
simultamously applied axial force, thus altering the Inched cable stays
flexural stiffness. In a like manner, the presence of A convenient method for considering the nonhneanty
bending moments wtll afiect the axtal stiffness of the in the inclined cable stays is to consider an equivalent
member due to an apparent shortening of the member stratght chord member with an equivalent modulus of
caused by the bendingdeformations. For most structures elasticity. The equivalent modulusof elasticity combines
the interaction between bending and axial effects can be both the effects of material and geometric deformations,
ignored, however, due to the large member deformattons hence, the axial stiffness of the equivalent member for
which can occur in cable-stayed bridges, this interaction any particularcombmationof cable sag and cable tension
could be signi&nt and should be considered, at least is the same as the axial strfInessof the actual cable. This
until it can be shown whether it has an important effect concept of an equivalent modulus of elashcity was lirst
upon the behavror of the structure. introduced by ECrnst[4]and has been venfied by several
additionalinvestigators[5,6].
Large displacements If the change in tension of a cable durmg a load
The usual practice in structural design is to assume increment 1snot large, the axial sttffness of the cable will
that geometnc changes in the structure, during the ap- not s~gmflcantlychange durmg the load increment For
phcatton of the design loads, are smah. so that the this sttuatton,the equivalent modulusof elasticity can be
 Not&near stattc anaiyss of cable-stayed bridge structures 623

constdered to be constant and is given by

Eeq = EI[ I i- [(wH)~ AR/12771 (2)

)
where Eeq is the qmvalent moduhrs of elasttcity, E IS
the effective material modulus of elasticity as described
previously, H is the horizontal projected length of the
2
cable, w is the weight per unit length of the cabk, A is
the cross section area and T is the cable tension before L
\ _.
the load increment is applied.
By using the concept of an equivalent modulus of I
elasticity the mdividuaimember stiffness matrix, for any k
3
m&ted cable stay, for the local coordinate system
shown in Fig. 2, can be written in the standard form Ftg. 3

=[?i$i.cAEeq/Lc 1
-ABW/Lc P
IKrnl
where Lc 1sthe mchned chord length.
(3)
z)i M,
Bending members
The nonlinear behavior of the other members in the
structure, due to the interactton of large bending and
axial deformations can be considered by introducingthe /
concept of stability functions[3,7J. The modifkd
member Mness matrix, in the local coordinate system
shown in Fig. 3, will be of the form
P k 4
Fig 4
k& 0 k& 0 0
0 kuS, k:& 0 k& k&
0 kssS2 k&.
force P and the end moments Mob and A&a. as defined
0 k&t k&
[Km] = k&s 0 0 ku& in Fig. 4, as follows
0 k& k&2 0 k&I k&
For a compressive axial force
[ 0 k&z ks& 0 k&h k&3 I
(4) S, = (XL)’sm (xL)/12Rc

m which the k’s are the standard stiffness terms s2 = (xLj2[ 1 - cos (xL)]/oRc
S3= (xL)[ sin (XL)- (xt) cos (xL)]/4Rc
k Ii--k#= -kw=-ka,t=A@L (W & = (xL)[(xL) - sin (xL)]f2Rc
kn = kss =--kB=-k== 12E#L3 Cw S, = Ml + (E~~)~4P3L2]
ku=k32= kza=k62=-k35=-kJl=-ks=-ks
= iwlL2 (W where
k 33 = ka = 4EIIL 63 x = (P/;EI)‘” (7)
klla= ksa = 2EIIL (W Rc = 2 - 2 cos (XL)- (XL) sin (XL) (8)
where E IS the matenal modulus of elasticity, L 1s the Rem = (xL)(Mab2 + Mba*)[cot(XL)
member length, A IS the cross secuon area and I ISthe + (XL)cosec2(XL)]- 2Wab f MaI
moment of mertra of the cross sectton about an axts
perpendicular to the plane ot the member. The stability + (MabMbu)[l + (XL) cot (XL)]
functions can be expressed in terms of the member ax%
x @XL) cosec (XL)]. (9)
For a tensile axial force

S, = (xL)3sinh(xL)/fZRr (W
S2= (xL)‘[cosh (XL)- IllaRt (lob)
S3= (xL)[(xL) cash (XL) - sinb (xL)]/4Rt (H-k)
,
S, = (xL)[sinh(XL) - (xLN2Rt mv
Ss = l/[l - (EARtm)/4P3L2J we)
where x ISas defined prevrously m qn (7) and

Fe 2 Rt = 2 - 2 cash (XL) + (xL) slllh (XL) (11)

624 JOHN F FLEMING

Rtm = (xL)(A4abZ
+ Mba’)[coth(XL) (12) Prelmunary results mdlcate that a linear analysis rmght
be adequate for design purposes for hve loads d
+ (XL)cosech’ (XL)]- Z(A4ub+ MIXI)*
nonlinear behavior IS consldered m computing the
+ (MabMa)[ 1+ (XL)coth (XL)] stdfness of the structure in the dead load deformed
posItIon. Only a few cases have been mvestlgated
x [2(xL)cosech (XL)]
however. The results of these analyses will not be
reproduced here smce the purpose of this discussionISto
Total structure stiffness
present the method of analysis and the correspondmg
The total structure stdfness matrix [IQ can now be computer program.
computed for any deformed state of the structure by The Appendixcontams a source hstmg of the program
transfontung the local coordinate member sttiness and a set of User’s Instructions which describe the input
matrices, given m eqns (3) and (4, into the global struc- requirements. The program has been wntten a standard
ture coordinate system and combining by the standard FORTRAN and works entirely In core (except for the
assembly procedure[3]. Since the local member stiBness few statements which write the final sttiness matnx to
matrices are not constants, but depend upon the defor- disk). The program should be easdy transferable to any
med state of the members, the structure stiffness matnx other computer system. Comments have been liberally
w1l1change contmuously as the structure deforms. It \mll Inserted in the program so that It should be self explana-
therefore be necessary to recompute the structure t0ty.
stiffness matnx for each deformed position of the struc-
ture which IS considered during the analysis. Due to the
large displacements which can occur in the structure :t
wdl also be necessary to contmuously modiiy the I W Podolny and J F Flemmg, HIstoncal development of
geometry of the structure as It deforms. cable-stayed bnd8es. PIVC Am. Sot. bd Engrs Vol 98, No
ST9 (Sept. 1972).
coMPulExPRcNXAM 2. P R. Taylor, Cable-staved bndnes and theu wtenhal in
A computer program, which uses the analysis proce- Canada.ihe Engng J. (&ad& 5$11) (Nov. I%$.
dure Just descnbed, has been developed which wdl H. B. Hamson, Computer MeHwds m Structural Analysrs
analyze a plane cable-stayed bndge structure under the Prentice Hail, New Jersey (1973)
actlon of initialcable tensions, member dead weightsand J. H Ernst, Der E-Modul von Men unter Beruckslchtlgung
distributed and concentrated live loads. The output from des Durchanges. Der Buumgerueur 40(2) (Feb 1%5)
N J. Gimsmg, Anchored and patmlly stayed b&es Proc
the program consists of the joint displacements,member
Znt. Syntp. Suspenswn Bndges. Laboratono Naclonal De
stress resultants and support reactions. In addition, the Engenhana Cnti, L&on (1966).
final structure sttiness matnx ISwritten onto a &sk file, F. Leonhardt and W. Zcllner, Cable stayed bndges report on
d desrred, for future use. The program was developed on latest developments. Canadian Structural Engng Conf
the Umversity of Pittsburgh DEC PDP-10 System for Canadian Steel Industnes Constructron Councd, Ontano.
use m an ongoing research program on the static and Canada ( 1970).
dynamic behavior of cable-stayed bridges.‘Ihe feature of 7. R. K Lvesley and D B. Chandler, Stab&y Functions for
savmg the final stiffness matrix was inserted in the S&uctural Frameworks. Manchester Uruvermty Press (1956)
program since the stiffness of the structure in the dead 8. W. Podolny and J. F. Fleming, Cable-Stayed Bndges, Smgle
Plane Static Anaiysn. H&way Focus, U S. Department of
load deformed state ISneeded for dynamic analysts.
Transportation, Vol 5, No 2 (Aug. 1973)
Several studies, with which the author has been m- 9 W. Podolny and J B Scalp, Constructwn and Design of
valved, have shown that the nonlinearbehavior of cable- Cable-St&d Bndges. Wiley, New York (1976).
stayed bridges IS highly dependent upon the sag m the 10 J. F Flermng and E. A. Egeseb, Dynarmc behavior of cable-
cables&101. The nonlinearity is particularly sign&ant stayed bndges Proc Znt. Symp. Earthquake Structural
when consldenng the imtml dead load of the structure. Engng, St Lours, M~ssoun(Aug. 1976)
 Nonlmcarstatic analysis of cable-stayed bridge structures 625

ANALYSIS OF PLANE CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE STRUCTURES

USER'S INSTRUCTIONS

THIS PROGRAM UILL ANALYZE A PLANE CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE STRUCTURE

FOR THE JOINT DISPLACEtiENTS AND HEHBER FORCES DUE TO INITIAL
CABLE TENSIONS* MEMBER DEAD UEIGHTSr MEMBER DISTRIBUTED LIVE
LOADS CINDCONCENTRATED JOINT LIVE LOADS. THE NONLINEAR BEHCLVIOR
OF THE STRUCTURE IS CONSIDERED DUE TO: THE SAG IN THE CABLES;
THE INTERACTION OF BENDING AND AXIAL DEFORMATIONS IN THE OTHER
HEHBERS i AND LARGE CHANGES IN GEOMETRY OF THE STRUCTURE. A
COMBINED INCREMENTAL AND ITERATIVE APPROACH IS USED IN UHICH THE
UNBALANCED JOINT Lows ARE APPLIED INCREHENTALLY DURING EACH
ITERATION CYCLE. THE STIFFNESS OF THE STRUCTURE IS RECOHPUTED
AFTER EACH LOAD INCREfiENTUSING THE COtlPUTED HEHBER FORCES AND
JOINT DISPLACEHENTS. THE ITERATIVE PROCESS IS CONTINUED UNTIL
ALL JOINTS ARE IN EQUILIBRIUM WITHIN A SPECIFIED LIMIT. THE
STIFFNESS METHOD OF CINALYSIS IS USED.

THERE ARE NO FIXED LIHITATIONS ON THE SIZE OF STRUCTURE UHICH MCIY

BE HANDLED BY THE PROGRAM. THE COMPUTER CORE REWIRED FOR EACH
ARRAY NEEDED IN THE ANALYSIS IS ALLOCATED AUTOHATICALLY BY THE
PROGRAH FROM 4 LARGE POOL OF AVAILABLE CORE. THE ONLY LIMITATION
IS ON THE SIZE OF THE STIFFNESS HATRIX WHICH WILL FIT IN THE
REMAINING CORE AFTER THE REQUIRED CORE IS ALLOCATED TO ALL OF THE
OTHER ARRAYS NEEDED IN THE ANALYSIS. IN ORDER TO EFFICIENTLY USE
THE LIHITED AHOUNT OF CORE AVAILABLE ONLY THE UPPER HALF BAND OF
THE SYHNETRIC STIFFNESS fiATRIX IS STORED. THE ALLOWABLE HALF
BAND WIDTH IS:
B~ND=(NCORE-17SNJ-25*Nn-3*NC-7*NSUP)/(3*NJ~
WHERE
NCORE = POOL OF AVAILABLE CORE FOR &RR&IS (CURRENTLY 30000)
NJ = NUMBER OF JOINTS
NM = NUMBER OF MEMBERS (INCLUDING THE CABLES)
NC = NUMBER OF Cf+BLES
NSUP = NUHBER OF SUPPORT JOINTS
THE ACTUFIL HALF BAND WIDTH IS A FUNCTION OF THE MANNER IN WHICH
THE JOINTS ARE NUMBERED. THE MINIMUM HALF BAND WIDTH UILL BE
OBTAINED IF THE JOINTS ARE NUMBERED IN SUCH A NANNER THAT THE
DIFFERENCE IN THE JOINT NUMBERS AT THE ENDS OF EACH NEHEER IS A
MINIllUfl.
THE ACTUAL AND ALLOWABLE HCILF BAND WIDTHS ClRE COHPUTED BY THE
PROGRAM AND COMPARED. A HESSAGE IS PRINTED STATING WHETHER
EXECUTION HCIY PROCEED.

ALL INPUT TO THE PROGRMI IS FREE FORHAT ON THE UNIVERSITY OF

PITTSBURGH DEC PDP-10 SYSTEM. A COMHA OR AT LEAST ONE BLANh
SPACE MUST BE PLACED BETWEEN EACH D&T4 FIELD ON THE INPUT CARDS.

ALL JOINT COORDINATES, JOINT LIVE LOADS, JOINT DISPLACEMENTS AND

SUPPORT REACTIONS ARE EXPRESSED IN TERNS OF A GLOBAL RIGHT HAND
ORTHOGONAL COORDINATE SYSTEH WITH THE POSITIVE GLOBAL 2 AXIS
EXTENDING OUTWARD FROH THE PLANE OF THE STRUCTURE. THE CHOICE OF
THE ORIENTATION OF THE POSITIVE GLOBAL X AXIS AND THE LOCATION OF
THE GLOBAL ORIGIN IS ARBITRCIRY. FOR HOST STRUCTURES IT WILL
PROBABLY BE CONVENIENT TO CONSIDER ?HE GLOBAL X AXIS -IO HE
HORIZONTAL AND POSITIVE TO THE RIGHT, THUS RESULTING IN THE
GLOBAL Y AXIS BEING VERTICAL AND POSITIVE UP,

ALL MEfiBER LIVE LOADS ClND HEHBER END STRESS RESULTANTS ARE
EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEH FOR EACH
flEtiBEF,. EACH IIEHBER LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEH IS A RIGHT HAND
ORTHOGONAL SYSTEfi WITH THE POSITIVE LOCAL X AXIS EXTENDING ALONG
THE LENGTH OF THE MEMBER FROfl THE MEMBER START JOINT TOWARD THE
HEHBER END JOINT. THE POSITIVE LOCAL Z FIXIS EXTENDS OUTWARD FROH
THE PLANE OF THE STRUCTURE. THE LOCAL Z AXIS MUST BE A FRINCIFCIL
AXIS OF THE HEHBER CROSS SECTION.

THE PROGRAb HAkES NO UNIT CONVERSIONS DURING THE COHFUTATIONS.

6LL INPUT DATA IlUST HAVE CONSISTANT UNITS. THE OUTPUT WILL HAVE
THE SAflE UNITS FIS THE INPUT.

THE HEADINGS SHOWN IN DOUBLE MOTES BELOW MIST APPEAR AS SHOWN ON

THE INPUT CARDS.

THE RERUIRED INPUT CARDS ARE:

1) FRORLEH TITLE CARD (LISTED IN OUTPUT FOR IDENTIFICATION).

THE PROBLEM TITLE CARD HAY CONTAIN UP TO SO CHCIRACTERS.

2) STRUCTURE DhTA CCIRD.

THE STRUCTURE DATA CARD CONTAINS 9 INTEGER NUtlBERSs 1 DECIMAL
NUHBER I AND 1 INTEGER NUNRER; NJ Nfl NSUF NC NLJ NLH NSTEfl
NSTEF:! LIMIT CIWUN ISTIF
NJ = NUHBER OF JOINTS
NM = NUHBEK OF MEHBERS (INCLUDING THE CARLES)
NSUF = NUMBER OF SUFFOhT JOINTS
NC = NUNBEK OF CABLES
626 JOHNF FLEMNO

NLJ = NUMBER OF LOADED JOINTS

NLM = NUblEER OF LOADED MEMBERS (OTHER THAN DEAD LOAD)
NSTEPl = NUMBER OF LOAD INCREMENTS IN FIRST CYCLE
NSTEPZ = NUHBER OF LOAD INCREMENTS IN OTHER CYCLES
LIHIT = CYCLE LIMIT FOR NO CONVERGENCE
AWUN = ACCEPTABLE LOAD UNBALANCE
ISTIF = SAVE STIFFNESS INDICATOR
ISTIF=O FINAL STIFFNESS WILL NOT BE SAVED
ISTIF=NN FINAL STIFFNESS WILL RE SAVED IN FILE FGRNN.DAT
FOR FUTURE USE

3) JOINT COORDINATE CARDS.

THE FIRST CARD OF THIS GROUP IS A HEADER CARD READING ’ JOINT
COORDINATES’ FOLLOWED RY ONE CARD FOR EACH JOINT.
THE JOINT CARDS CONTAIN 1 INTEGER NUNRER AND 2 DECIHAL
NUMBERS i NXY
N = JOINT NUMBER
X - GLOBAL X COORDINATE OF JOINT
Y = GLOBAL Y COORDINATE OF JOINT
THE JOINTS MAY BE NUMBERED IN ANY DESIRED ORDER FROM 1 TO NJ.
THE JOINT COORDINATE CARDS NAY BE ENTERED IN ANY DESIRED
ORDER.

4) MEMBER DATA CARDS.

THE FIRST CARD OF THIS OROUP IS A HEADER CARD READINQ ‘MEMBER
DATA’ FOLLOWED BY ONE CARD FOR EACH MEMBER INCLUDING THE
CABLES.
THE HEHEIER CARDS CONTAIN 3 INTEGER NUHEERS AND 3 DECIMAL
NUMBERS4 N IS IE A 21 E
N = HENBER NUNBER
IS = JOINT NUblEER AT START OF HEHBER
IE * JOINT NUtlEER AT END OF HEFlEER
A - CROSS SECTION AREA OF I’iEHBER
ZI = flOHENT OF INERTIA OF CROSS SECTION ABOUT LOCAL 2 AXIS
(A ZERO VALUE SHOULD BE SPECIFIED FOR CABLE HEHBERS)
E = MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF MEHBER MATERIAL
(AN EFFECTIVE VALUE CONSIDERING STRANDINQ SHOULD BE
SPECIFIED FOR CABLE MEtlEERS)
THE CHOICE OF WHICH OF THE TWO JOINTS OF A HEflEER IS THE START
AND WHICH IS THE END IS ARBITRARY, HOWEVER9 THIS CHOICE DOES
DEFINE THE POSITIVE DIRECTION OF THE LOCAL WEMBER X AXIS.
IF THE VALUES OF At 21 OR E ARE THE SAME FOR A GROUP OF
MEMEERS THE IDENTICAL VALUES NEED NOT BE REPEATED ON EACH CARD
OF THE QROUP. IF A VALUE ON A CARD IS LEFT BLANK OR SPECIFIED
AS ZERO THE LAST NONZERO VALUE SPECIFIED WILL BE USED.
IT IS ASSUMED THAT ALL IlEf’lBERS ARE RIGIDLY ATTACHED TO THE
JOINTS AT THEIR ENDS. NO PROVISIONS HAVE BEEN MADE IN THE
PROGRAM FOR PINNED ENDS EXCEPT THAT SUPPORT JOINTS flAY RE
PINNED TO THE SUPPORTS.
THE NEHBERS HUST BE NUIIBERED SUCH THAT THE CABLES ARE NUHBERED
FROH 1 TO NC. THE RENAINING HEMBERS NAY BE NUtlEERED IN ANY
DESIRED ORDER FROM NC+1 TO Nfl.
THE HEHEER DATA CARDS NAY BE ENTERED IN ANY DESIRED ORDER SO
THAT MEtlRERS WITH IDENTICAL PROPERTIES MAY RE GROUPED TOGETHER
TO SIMPLIFY THE INPUT.

5) SUPPORT RESTRAINT CARDS.

THE FIRST CARD OF THIS GROUP IS A HEADER CARD READING ‘SUPPORT
RESTRAINTS* FOLLOWED BY ONE CARD FOR EACH SUPPORT JOINT.
THE SUPPORT JOINT CARDS CONTAIN 4 INTEGER NUMRERS: N JX JY Ji!
N = JOINT NUMBER
JX = GLOBAL X TRANSLATION RESTRAINT
JY = GLOBAL Y TRANSLATION RESTRAINT
JZ = GLOBAL Z ROTATION RESTRAINT
THE RESTRAINT CONDITIONS FOR THE SUPPORT JOINTS ARE:
0 = NO RESTRAINT
1 = FULLY RESTRAINED
ROLLERS AT SUPPORT JOINTS MAY ONLY RE PARALLEL TO THE GLOBAL X
OR Y AXES.
ALL JOINTS FOR WHICH SUPPORT RESTRAINT CARDS ARE NOT SFECIFIED
WILL RE UNRESTRAINED.
THE JOINT RESTRAINT CARDS HAY BE ENTERED IN ANY DESIRED ORDER.

6) CABLE DATA CARDS.

THE FIRST CARD OF THIS GROUP IS A HEADER CARD READING ‘CABLE
DATA’ FOLLOWED BY ONE CARD FOR EACH CABLE.
THE CABLE DATA CARDS CONTAIN 1 INTEGER NUHRER AND 2 DECIMAL
NUNRERS : N CIT UWC
N = CABLE NUtlEER (N<=NC)
CIT = INITIAL CABLE TENSION
UYC - WEIGHT PER UNIT LENGTH OF CABLE
IF THE VALUES OF CIT OR UWC ARE THE SAME FOR A GROUP OF CABLES
THE IDENTICAL VALUES NEED NOT BE REPEATED ON EACH CARD OF THE
GROUP. IF A VALUE ON A CARD IS LEFT BLANK OR SPECIFIED AS
ZERO THE LAST NONZERO VALUE SPECIFIED WILL BE USED.
THE CABLE DATA CARDS MAY BE ENTERED IN ANY DESIRED ORDER SO
THAT CABLES WITH IDENTICAL PROPERTIES MAY BE GROUPED TOGETHER
TO SINPLIFY THE INPUT.

7) MEMBER DEAD WEIGHT CARDS.

THE FIRST CARD OF THIS GROUP IS A HEADER CARD READING ‘MEHBER
DEAD WEIGHTS’ FOLLOWED BY ONE CARD FOR EACH MENBER OTHER THAN
THE CARLES.
 Nonhear static analysts of cable-stayed bridge sm~ctures 627

THE DEAD UEIGHT CARDS CONTAIN 1 INTEGER NUfiRER AND 1 DECIMAL

NUMBER : N UDL
N =HEHBER NUMBER (N>NC)
UDL- DEAD WEIGHT PER UNIT LENGTH OF MEMBER
IF THE VALUE OF WDL IS THE SAHE FOR A QROUP OF MEMBERS THE
IDENTICAL VALUE NEED NOT BE REPEATED ON EACH CARD OF THE
QROUP . IF THE VALUE ON A CARD IS LEFT BLANK OR SPECIFIED AS
ZERO THE LAST NONZERO VALUE SPECIFIED WILL SE USED.
THE DEAD UEIDHT CARDS HAY BE ENTERED IN ONY DESIRED ORDER SO
THAT MEfiBERS WITH IDENTICAL PROPERTIES MAY BE QROUPED TOGETHER
TO SIMPLIFY THE INPUT.

8) JOINT LOAD CARDS.

THE FIRST CARD OF THIS GROUP IS A HEADER CARD READING ‘JOINT
LOADS’ FOLLOWED RY ONE CARD FOR EACH LOADED JOINT.
THE JOINT LOAD CARDS CONTAIN 1 INTEGER NUHEER AND 3 DECIMAL
NUMRERS: N WX WY WZ
N = JOINT NUMRER
WX = GLOBAL X COMPONENT OF LOAD ON JOINT
WY = GLOBAL Y COMPONENT OF LOAD ON JOINT
WZ = GLOHAL Z HOHENT ON JOINT
THE JOINT LOAD CARDS HAY BE ENTERED IN CINY DESIRED ORDER.

9) HEHEER DISTRIRUTED LOAD CARDS.

THE FIRST CARD OF THIS GROUP IS (I HECIDER CARD READING ‘MEMBER
LOADS’ FOLLOUED RY ONE CARD FOR EACH LOADED HEMBER (OTHER THAN
DEAD LOAD).
THE NEflRER DISTRIBUTED LOAD CARDS CONTAIN 1 INTEGER NUMBER AND
4 DECIHAL NUMBERS: N WSX WEX USY UEY
N = MEMBER NUMBER
WSX = LOCAL X COHFONENT OF LOCID INTENSITY AT HEHBER START
WEX = LOCAL X COMPONENT OF LOAD INTENSITY AT MEMBER END
WSY = LOCAL Y COHFONENT OF LOCI11 INTENSITY AT MEMBER START
WEY = LOCCIL Y COMPONENT OF LOAD INTENSITY AT flEMBER END
THE MEMBER LOADS ARE ASSUtlED TO WARY LINEARLY OVER THE LENGTH
OF THE HEMRER. FOR I) UNIFORM LOAD THE VALUES AT THE START AND
END OF THE MEMRER WILL RE IUENTICAL.
THE MEHHER LOAD CARDS MAY HE ENTERED IN &NY DESIRED ORDER.

1 C CARLE-STAYED BRIDGE NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS

2 c INCLUDING EFFECT OF tIEfiRER STABILITY FUNCTIONS
3 c
4 c
5 COfiflON TITLE(~O)~NJINM.NC~NSUF~NLJ~NLM~ISTIF~NEG~NM~~MLEFT~
6 1 NRAND~IN~XOUT~NSTEPlrN8TEP2rLIHIT~AUUN~MEHORY
7 DIMENSION CORE~30000),ICORE(30OOO)
EGUI’JALENCE (CORE(l),JCORE(I))
; c
10 C SET MEMORY SIZE PlND INPUT-OUTPUT UNITS
11 c
12 llEMORY=30000
13 IN=5
14 IOUT-
15 c
16 C READ AND WRITE PROBLEM TITLE
C
:i 10 READ(fN,SOOO,END=30) TITLE
19 WRITE(IOUTISOIO) TITLE
20 c
21 C READ STRUCTURE DATA
22 C NJ = NUMRER OF JOINTS
23 C NH= NUWRER OF HEHBERS
14 c NSUF = NUMBER OF SUPPORT JOINTS
25 c NC = NUMRER OF CABLES
26 c NLJ = NUMBER OF LOADED JOINTS
27 c NLM = NUMRER OF LOADED HEMRERS (OTHER THAN DEAD LOAD)
2s c NSTEFl = NUHRER OF LOAD STEPS IN FIRST CYCLE
39 c NSTEF? = NUHRER OF LOAD STEPS IN OTHER CYCLES
30 c LIMIT = CYCLE LIMIT FOR NO CONVERGENCE
31 c AWUN = ACCEPTABLE LOAn UNRALANCE
ISTIF = SAVE STIFFNESS INDICATOR
$5 E ISTIF=O FIN&L STIFFNESS WILL NOT BE SAVED
34 c ISTIF=NN FINAL STIFFNESS UILL RE SAVED IN FORNN.DAT
35 c
36 KEAD(1N150201 NJ,NM,NSUF~NC,NLJ~NLM~NSTEFl~NSTEP2~LIMIT.
1 AWUNvISTIF
WRITE(IOUTv5030) NJINM,NSUP~NC,NLJ,NLM

40 C COMFUTE PROGRAM ARRAY SIZES

41 c
41 Ml=2*NJtl
43 H2=Mlt2XNH
44 M3-M2tNM
45 M4=M3tNM
46 MS-H4tNM
47 H&fl%NC
46 M7=M6tNC
49 MG=H7tNC
50 NEG=3*NJ
51 M9=MGtNED
57 MlO=M9tNSUF
53 NSUF3=3*NSUP
628 JOHN F FLEMING

Hll=HlOtNSUP3
H13=HlltNSUF3
NH6=6SNH
tt13=tll’tNfl6
il14=Hl3tNM
HlS-Hl4tNN
Hl6=HlStNM
N17=HlbtNN
NlWN17tNN
Hl9=HlStNH
N2O=Hl9tNU
N21=N20tNN
66 H22+31tNED
67 N23wN22tNEG
68 H24-H33tNEQ
N25=H24tNN6
M26=H25tNEG
IF(N26.LT.NEHORY) GO TO 30
WRITE(IOUTv5040)
GO TO 30
20 NLEFT=NENORY-N26+1
75 NBAND=NLEFT/NEG
76 C
77 C ANALYZE STRUCTURE
78 C
79 Cc\LL ANALYZ~CORE~l~rICORE~Nl~~CORE~M2~~CORE~N3~,CO~E~M4~.
SO 1 CORE(MS)rCORE(M6)rCORE(N7~,CORE~NS~~ICORE~N9~,
81 2 ICORE~HlO~rCORE~Hll~rCORE~Nl2~~CORE~Nl3~,CORE~Nl4~,
02 3 CORE~NlJ~,CORE~W16~rCORE~Ml7~,CORE~HlS~.CORE~Nl9~.
83 4 CORE(H20)rCORE(N2l)rCORE(N22).CORE(N23).CGRE(N24).
84 5 CORE(N25)rCORE(N26))
85 C
86 C RETURN TO START FOR NEW STRUCTURE
C
:3 GO TO 10
89 C
90 C EXIT PROGRAH
91 C
91 30 WRITE(IOUTI~O~O)
CALL EXIT
:3 C
95 C FORM&T STATENENTS
C
8$ 5000 FORNAT(20&4)
98 5010 FORNAT(lXv’OA4//)
5020 FORMAT(9I,F,I)
12 5030 FORHAT(lX,‘NUNBER OF JOINTS =‘.I41
101 1 //~XI’NUNBER OF NEtlBERS =‘rI4r
2 //1X9 ‘NUMBER OF SUPPORTS =‘vI4r
3 //lXv’NUMBER OF CABLES =‘rIl)r
4 //lX.‘NUNBER OF LOADED JOINTS =‘rI4r
5 //lX.‘NUHBER OF LOADED NENRERS “‘114)
5040 FORNfiT(//lX, ‘TOO NANY JOINTS AND HENRERS’/r
1 IXv’EXECUTION TERMINI\TED’)
100 SO50 FORNAT(lH1)
109 END
110 C
111 C
112 C SURROUTINE TO PERFORN ANALYSIS
113 C
114 SUHKOUTINE AN~LYZ~XJ~JM~~RE~~ZI~E~EC~~JWC~CIT,W,JSUF,JK,K,F,T,
115 1 ALPHA,RETA.Sl.S3.S3~S4rSSrWSTEF1DISPl.,WUN~L,FNL,
116 ? WHL,Xh)
117
118 CONNON TITLE(~O).NJ,NN,NC,NSUP~NLJ~NLJ~NLN,ISTIF,N~G,NM~,ML~FT,
119 1 NRAND~IN~IOUT~NSTEF1.NSTEF2~LINIT~AWUN.HEMOKY
120 DINENSION DUHHY (20)
131 DINENSION XJ(NJ~l)rJM(NH .‘)rAREA(NH)rZI(NN)rEorEC(NC)
122 DIMENSION UWC(NC)rW(NEG),JSUP(NSUP),JR(NS\JF’,3).fi(NSUF,3)
123 DINENSION P(NN6).T(NH),ALPH~(NN).SET~(NH),~l(NM).S2(NM),S3(NM,
124 DIMENSION S~(NN)~S~(NH).X~(NEOINRAND)~WSTEP(NEG)~[IISFL(NEC~)
115 DINENSION WML(NfG).WUNRL(NEG)rCIT(NL),PnL(Nn6)
126 DIMENSION NXH(brb)rXN(?l)
117 C
118 C READ JOINT COORDINATES
139 C
130 hEAD(IN.5000) DUMHY
131 WRITE(IOUT.5010) DUMMY
132 DO 10 I=lrNJ
133 READ(IN,5020) htXJ(krl)rXJ(kt?)
134 10 WRITE(IOUT.5030) hrXJ(k.l)rXJ(kr’)
135 C
136 C READ HEHHER INCIDENCES AND SECTION DATA
137 C
138 READ(INv5000) DUNHY
139 WRITE(IOUT,5010) DUMNY
140 DO 20 I=l.NH
141 READ(IN.5040) krJN~hrl~rJH~kr?~rARE~~h~rZIorE(h~
2 IF(AREA(k1.EG.O.) AREA(k)=AA
:13 AA=AREA(h)
144 IF(k.LE.NC) ZZI=O.
s IF(ZI(k).EG.O.) ZI(h)=ZZI
::6 ZZI=ZI(h,)
 Nonhear static analysts of cable-stayedb&e structures 629

147 IF(E(K).EQ.O.) E(K)=EE

148 EE=E(K)
149 20 URITE(IOUTISOSO) KtJH~Krl~.JH~K,2~,AREAorZI~h)rE(K~
150 c
151 C READ SUPPORT RESTRAINTS
152 C
153 READ(INv5000) DUNMY
154 WRITE(IOUT,5010) DUMMY
1% DO 30 I=lrNSUF
156 READ(INv5060) JSUP(I)~JR(II~),JR(I,~),JR(I~~)
157 30 URITE(IOUTI~O~O) JSUP(I)rJR(I,l)rJR(II?)rJH(I13)
158 C
159 C READ CABLE DATA
160 C
161 READ(INv5000) DUHHY
162 URITE(IOUT.5010) DUMMY
163 no 40 I=lrNC
164 READ(INv5020) K.CIT(Kl,UWC(K)
165 IF(CIT(K).EG.O.) CIT(K)=CTT
166 CTT=CITo\)
167 IF(UWC(K).EG.O.) UWC(K)=UCC
168 UCC=UWC(h)
169 EC(K)=E(h)
170 40 WRITE(IOUT,5080) K.CIT(K),UWC(K)
171 C
172 C COMPUTE INITIAL HEMRER DATA
173
174 : IIEHHEK GEOHETRY
175 DO 60 I=lrNW
176 Ll=Jti(Irl)
177 L2=Jfi(I,2)
178 XL=XJ(L2rl)-XJ(Llr1)
179 YL=XJ(L'r3)-XJ(Llv2)
180 T(I)=SGKT((XLkk2)t(YLkk2))
181 ALPHA(I)=XL/T(I)
RETA(I)=YL/T(I)
::s r INITIALIZE HEHREK STABILITY FUNCTIONS
184 sl(I)=l.
S3(1)=1.
::: S3(1)=1.
187 S4(1)=1.
188 SS(I)=l.
189 C INITIALIZE NEHRER FORCE HCITRIX
190 DO 50 J=lrb
191 50 P(bkI-(6-J))=O.
193 60 CONTINUE
193 DO 70 J=lpNC
194 P(6kJ-5)=-CIT(J)
195 70 P(6kJ-4)=CIT(J)
196 C
197 C COMPUTE INITIAL CABLE EQUIVALENT MODULUS
198 C
199 WRITE(IOUT,5090)
200 DO 80 I=l.NC
201 E~I~=EC~I~/~l.t~~~~UWC~I~~T~I~~~LPH~~I~~~~2~~~RE~~I~~EC~I~~/
202 1 (13,*(CIT(I)**3))))
303 80 W~ITE(IOUT~5080) I,E(I)
204 C
205 C KEAD HEMRER DEAD WEIGHTS (EXCEPT CABLES)
206 C
207 DO 90 I=lrNH6
208 90 PHL(I)=O.
209 DO 100 I=lrNEG
210 100 WHL(I)=O.
211 READ(INv5000) DUMMY
WRITE(IOUT~5010) DUHHY
5:: DO 110 K=l,NC
214 WDL=UWC(K)
GO TO 120
f:: 110 CONTINUE
217 NCPl=NCtl
218 DO 150 I=NCPlrNM
219 READ(INv5100) K,WDL
221) IF(WDL.EG.0.) WDL=WWDL
221 WWDL=WDL
22? WhITE(IOUT,5110) KtWDL
223 20 WY=-WDLkALPHAfK)
224 WX=-UDLkRETA(K)
225 IF(h.GT.NC) GO TO 130
226 XHM=O.
227 GO TO 140
228 30 XHH~WYk(T(K)kk2)/13.
229 40 PY=WYkT(K)/2.
230 PX=WXkT(h)/2.
231 C COMPUTE EGUIUCILENT JOINT LOADS
232 Ll=JH(Krl)
233 L2mJH(hr2)
234 WHL(3kLl-3)~WtlL(3kL1-2~-PYkBET~~K~tPXk~LPNA~K~
335 WNL(3kL1-l)=WflL(3kL1-l~tPYk~LPHA~K~tPXkRETA~K~
236 WML(3kLl)=WML(3kLl)tXHM
237 WML(3kL3-3)=WML(3kL3-?)-PY*BEtA(K)tPXk/aLPNA~K~
338 WflL(3*L2-l)=WML(3kL2-I)+PY*ALPHAo+PX*RET~~K>
239 WML(3kL')=WflL(3kL2)-XMfi
630 JOHN F FLEMING

240 c t@JDIFY HEHRER FORCES

241 IF(K.LE.NC) GO TO 110
242 FML(~*~-S)IFHL(~*~-S)-FX
243 PML(6*K-4)=PML(6*k-4)-FX
244 FML(6*K-3)=PML(6*K-3)-PY
245 FHL(6*K-2)=PHL(6*k-3)-FY
246 FML(6*k-l)=PHL(6*k-l)-XHM
247 PflL(6*K)=PHL16*lc>+XMM
248 150 CONTINUE
249
250 : READ JOINT LOADS
251 c
252 DO 160 I=l,NEO
253 160 W(I)=O.
254 IF(NLJ.EO.0) 00 TO 180
25s READ(IW~5000) DUNMY
256 WRXTE~IClUT,SOlO) DUHMY
257 DO 170 I=l.NLJ
238 R~A~(IN?~l20) KtblXtWY~ldZ
259 W(3*K-?f=Wf3*ti-2)tWX
260 W(3*h-l)=W<3*K-l)tWY
261 W(f*K)=W(3*k)+WZ
262 170 WRITE(IOUT,5130) KvWXrWYrWZ
263
264 : READ HEHRER LOADS (OTHER THAN MEHHER DEAD WEIGHT)
265 L
366 180 XF(NLH.EEI.0) GO TO 220
267 READ(IN,5000) DUUHY
268 WRXT~tIOUT,SO~O) DUUflY
269 DO 210 I=lrNLM
270 READ(IN.5140) KrWSXtUEXiWSYrWEY
271 WRITE(IOUT,!5150) K,WSX,WEX,WSY,WEY
272 WUNIF=WEY
273 WTRIG=WSY-WEY
274 IF(h.GT.NC) GO TO 190
275 xns-0.
276 X%=0 *
277 FYS~WUUIF*T(~)/2.tWlRI~*T(~)/3.
278 PYE~WUNIF*T(K)/2,tWlRI~*T(n)/6.
279 00 TO 200
200 190 XMS=WUN1F*(TtK)**2)/12,tWTR1G*~T~K)**2~/20.
281 XhEnWUNIF*~T(K)**2)/l2,tWTRIG*~T(K)**2~/3O.
282 FYS=WUNIF*T(k)/2~t7,#WTRI~*T(K)/2O.
283 FYE’WUNIF*T(h)/2,t3.*WlRIG*l~K)/2O.
284 200 PXS=WEX*T(K)/2.+<WSX-WEX)*T(K)/3.
285 PXEAWEX*T<K)/Z.t(WSX-WEX)*T(K>/6+
286 C COXPUTE EQUIVALENT JOINT LOADS
287 Ll=JH(krl)
288 L2=JH(Kr2)
289
290
291
292
293
294
295 c HODIFY HEHRER FORCES
296 PHL(6*K-S)=PHL~6*~-S)-FXS
297 FML(6*K-4)=PUL(6*k-4)-PXE
298 FflL(6*k-3)=PHL(6*K-3)-FYS
299 PML(6*K-2)=PHL(6*k-?)-PYE
300 PML(6*k-1)=PHL(6*K-l)-xtis
301 210
FML(6*K)=PflL(6*K)tXHE
302 C
303 C CHECK PROGRAM SIZE LIPIITS
304 C
305 220 b$AXR=O
306 DO 235 I=lrNH
307 J=IASS(JM(I,Z)-JM(II~~)
308 h=3*(Jtl)
309 IF(k+GT.HAXR) flAXH=h
310 230 CONTINUE
311 WKITE(IOUT,S160) hEMORY,HLEFT,NE~rNRANDInAXH
312 IF(MAXR.LE.NRAND) GO TO ?40
313 WRITE(IOUT.5170)
314 RETUKN
315 ?40 WKIlE(I~~T,5lSO)
316 C
317 C COHFUTE UNBALANCED LOADS FOR FIKST CYCLE
318 c
319 DO 250 I=lrNEO
330 250 WUNRL(I)=W(I)tUML(I)
331 00 260 I=lrNC
32? LlrJti(I11)
323 L?=JH(I.Z)
324 WUNBL~3*Ll-2~=WUNSL~3#Ll-2~tCIl~I~*ALFNA~I~
32s WUN8L~3*Ll-l~=~UN3L~3*Ll-l~tCIT~I~*SETA~I~
316 WUNRL(3*L3-2)=WUNRL~3*L2-2~-CITo1ALPHA~I>
327 260 WUNRL(3$L2-l)~WUNRL(3*L2-l>-CIT(I)*RETA1I>
320 c
329 C START STEFWISF CALC’ULATIONS
330 C
331 xcyc=1
332 DO 270 I=l.NEQ
 Noalmuu staticanalysisof &k-stayed bndgcsm~ctwcs 631

333 270 DISFLfI)=O.

334 YRITE~IOUT~519Ol TITLE
335 URITE(IOUTr5200f NSTEP~~NSTEPZICLUUN
336 IF(ICYC.EU.1) NSTEP-NSTEPl
337 280 IF(ICYC.QE.2) NSTEP-NSTEP2
330 XSTEP=NSfEP
339 DO 500 ISTEP-1rNSTEP
340 DO 290 I-l,NEQ
341 290 YSTEP(I)=WUNBL(I)/XSTEP
342 C
343 C SENERATE STRUCTURE STIFFNESS tlATRIX
344 STORE UPPER HALF BAND ONLY
345 :
346 DO 300 I=irNEQ
347 DO 300 J=lrWAXB
348 300 XK<IIJ)=O.
349 C FORH POINTER TO STORE HEliEER STIFFNESS MATRIX AS A COLUHN
350 K=O
351 DO 310 J-l?6
352 DO 310 I=lrJ
353 h-KC+1
354 NXtl(IrJ)=K
35s 310 NXWfJvI)~K
SUW tlEH%ER STIFFNESS MATRICES TO FORU UNRESTRAINED
"5% E QLOBAL STRUCTURE STIFFNESS MATRIX
358 DO 360 I=lrNM
359 AEOL-AREA(I)*E(I)/T(I)
360 EIOL=E(X)tZI(X)/T(I)
361 EIOL2=EIOL/f(I)
EIOL3=EIOL2/T(I)
3:: A2=ALPHA(I)S*2
364 R2=RETA(I)t$2
365 AB~ALPHA(I~*BETAtI>
366 Xti(l)=A2*AEOLtS5f~~tS2Rl2.8EIOL3~Sl~I~
367 XHt2)=AB9AEOL~S5~I)-AR9l2.#EIOL3*Eil(f)
368 X~(4)--BEfA(I1~6.~EIOL2tS2(1)
369 X#t7~=-A2~AEOL~S5~I~-B2~12.~EIOL3~Sl~~~
370 X~~lll~-AB~AEOL~S5~It+AR*f2.~E~OL3~Sl~I~
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387 Ll=J@tfIrlf
388 LZ=JN(Xt2>
389 DO 320 11-113
390 DO 320 JJ-1~3
391 KRDW=3RLl-(3-I:)
392 KCOL-3RLl-(3-JJ)-KROUtl
IF(KCOL.LE+Ot SO TO 320
:;3 IXN=NXH(IIrJJ>
395
396 320 CONTINUE
397 DO 330 IIrlr3
398 DO 330 JJ-496
399 KROY=3XLl-(3-11)
400 KCOL-3*L2-(6-JJ)-KROWtl
401 IF(KCOL.LE.0) 00 TO 330
402 IXfl~NXH(II~JJ)
403 XK(KROWIKCOL)'XK(KROWIKCOL)ZX~(~X~)
404 CONTINUE
405 DO 340 11-4~6
406 DO 340 JJ=lr3
407 KROW-3*L2-(6-11)
400 KCOL=3*Ll-(3-JJ>-KROWtl
409 IFo(COL.LE.0) DO TO 340
410 IXtl=NXM(IIrJJ>
XKo(ROWvKCOLl-XK(KROWvKCOL)tX!i(IXH>
f:'2 CONTINUE
413 DO 350 1114~6
414 DO 350 JJ-4r6
415 KROW-flL2-(6-11)
416 KCOL-3$L2-(6-JJ)-KROWtl
417 IF(KCOLeLE.0) SO TO 350
416 IX+NXM(IIvJJ)
419 XK(KROW~KCOL)=XK~KROW~KCOL>tXt4(IXtl)
CONTINUE
:g CONTINUE
422
423 C INTRODUCE SUPPORT RESTRAINTS
424 C
425 DO 390 I=ltNSUP
632 JOHNF FLEMING

2 DO 380 K=lr3
6276 IF(JR(Ivk).ER.O) 00 TO 380
428 11=31JSUP(I)-(3-K)
429 NR=II
430 DO 370 J=2,HCIXB
431 Xk(II,J)=O.
432 NR=NR-1
433 IF(NR.LE.0) GO TO 370
434 XK(NRrJ)=O.
370 CONTINUE
fE," XK(IIrl)=l.
437 USTEP(II)=O.
430 380 CONTINUE
439 390 CONTINUE
440
441 c" SOLVE FOR DISPLbCEHENT INCRERENTS IN LOAD STEF
442 C
443 CALL SOLVE(XK~WSTEP~NEGINBAND,~~AXB)
444 C
445 C ADD DISPLbCEHENT INCREtiENTS FOR EACH LOAD STEP
446 C
447 DO 400 I=l,NEG
448 400 DISPL(I)=DISPC(I)tWSTEP(I)
449 C
45c C RECOMPUTE GEOMETRY AT END OF LOAD STEP
451 C
452 DO 410 I=lrNJ
453 XJ(Ivl)=XJ(I~l)tWSTEP(3tI-3)
454 410 XJ(I,3)=XJ(I,2)tWSTEP(3*I-1)
455 DO 420 I=l.NN
456 Ll=JM(I,l)
457 L2=JN(Iv?)
458 XL=XJ(L211)-XJ(Llr1)
459 YL=XJ(L2,2)-XJ(Ll,Z)
460 T(I)=SQRT((XL**2)t(YLS*?))
461 ALPHA(I)=XL/T(I)
462 420 BETA(I)=YL/T(I)
463 I-
464 C CONPUTE HEHBER FORCES fiT END OF LOAD STEP
465 C
466 DO 440 I=lrNH
467 Ll=Jll(I~l)
468 L2=JM(I12)
469 ~EOL=AREA(I)*E(I)/T(I)
470 IF(I.LE.NC) GO TO 430
471 EIOL=E(I)XZI(I)/T(I)
EIOL2=EIOL/T(I)
t;: EIOL3=EIOL2/T(I)
474 PP=-ALPHA(I)*(WSTEP(3*L3-1)-WSTEF(3*Ll-l~~
475
476
477
470
479
480
481
482
483
484 1 4(BETA(I)*(WSTEP(3~L'-1)-WSTEP(3*C1-1)))~
485 P(6*1-4)=P(bXI-4)tPAXL
486 P(61I-S)=P(6*1-5)-PAXL
487 IF(ICYC.NE.l) GO TO 440
480 C INCLUDE EFFECT OF INITIAL MEHBER LOADS
489 P(6*I-5)=P(6tI-S)tPHL(6*I-S)/XSTEP
490 P(6YtI-4)=P(6*1-4)tPHL(681-4)/XSTEP
491 P(6*1-3)=P(6*1-3)4PML(6*I-3)/XSTEP
492 P(6*1-2)=P(681-2)tPNL(6*I-2)/XSTEP
493 P(61I-l)=P(611-1)4PNL(6*I-I)/XSIEP
494 P(6*I)=P(6tI)tPliL(6~I)/XSTEP
495 440 CONTINUE
496 C
497 C HODIFY HEHBER STIFFNESSES AT END OF LOAD STEF
498 C
499 C EQUIVALENT CABLE MODULUS
500 DO 450 I=lvNC
501 CTEN=(P(6*1-4)-P(6*1-5))/3.
502 450 E~I~=EC~I~/~1.t~~~~UWC~I~~T~I~XALFHIo~~~2~;~RE~~I~~EC~I~~/
503 (13,1(CTEN*N3))))
504 C &ABILITY FUNCTIONS FOR NON CCIBLES
505 C TRUNCATE INPUT VALUES DUE TO HIGH SENSITIVITY TO
506 C SLIGHT DIFFERENCES IN COMPUTER GENERATED NUMBERS
507 DO 490 I=NCPl.NN
508 PAXL=(P<6*1-4)-P(6*1-5))/?.
509
510
511 ITI=T(I)
512 TI=ITI
513
514
515 P6IMl=IP6IMl
516 PbI=IP61
517 PHI=~SQRT~~ABS~PAXL~~/~E~I~*ZIo~~~*TI
518 IF(PHI.EG.0.) GO TO 470
 Nonhear static analysts of cable-stayed bridge structures 633

519 ENl=F6Itll**'tF61**2
520 EH'=(F6IhltF6I)~X3
521 EN3=F6IMl*F61
522 IF(FcIXL) 460*470,480
523 C COMPRESSION MEliBEC
524 460 RC=3.-3.*COS(FHI)-FHI*SIN(PHI)
525 KCN=FHI~EHl~~~1./TAN~FHI~~tFHI~~~l./SIN~FHI~~~~2~ -2.*EflZ
526 1 t2.~FHI*(1./SIN(FHI))*En3*(I.+PHI*(l./TAN~FHI ))
527 S1(1)=((PHI*~3)4SIN(PHI))/(l2.ltRC)
528 S2(I)=~(FHI~~3)~(1.-COS(FHI))/(6.*RC)
529 S3(I)=((FHI)~(SIN(FHI)-FHI~COS(FHI))/(4.~RC>
530 S4(I)=((PHI)*(FHI-SIN(FHI))/(2.*HC)
531 FAXL=-PAXL
532 S5(I)=l./(l.+((E(I)*ARECI(J)*HCn)/(9.*(P~XL~*3)*(T 1*2))))
533 GO TO 490
534 C ZERO FORCE HEMBEK
535 470 Sl(I)=l.
536 S?(I)=1.
537 S3(1)=1.
538 S4(1)=1.
539 S5(1)=1.
540 GO TO 490
541 C TENSION HEHBER
542 480 RT=2.-2.*COSH(PHI)tFHI*SINH(PHI)
543 RTN=PHI~EMl~~~1./TANH~FHI~~tPHI~~~l./SINH~PHI~~~~Z~~-2.~EM2
544 1 t2.~PHI~~l./SINH~FHI~~~EnJ*(1.+PHIt~l.tPHI8~l./T~NH~PHI~~~
Sl(I)=((FHI*L3)$SINH(PHI))/(I2.*RT)
Zf9 S2(1)=(FHI~*2)t(COSH(PHI~-l.~/(6.tRT)
547 S3(I)=((PHI)~(FHI$COSH(FHI~-SINH(PHI)))/~4.&RT~
548 S4(I)=(FHI*(SINH(FHI)-FHI~~/~2.*RT)
549 SS(I)=l./(l .-((E(I)*ARE~(I)*RTM)/(9.*(PAXL*13)*(TI**2))))
g; 490 CONTINUE
C
552 C END STEFWISE CALCULATIONS
553 C
554 500 CONTINUE
555 C
556 C COWPUTE UNBALANCED LOADS AT END OF CYCLE
557 C
550 C INCLUDE EFFECT OF JOINT LOADS
559 DO 510 I=lrNEG
560 510 WUNBL(I)=W(I)
561 C INCLUDE EFFECT OF flEt4BERFORCES
563 DO 520 I=lvNM
563 Ll=JM(Ivl)
564 L2=JH(I,2)
565 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
566 WUNBL(3*L2-2)=WUNBL(3*L 2-3)-P(6*1-4)*ALPHA(I)tP(681-2)*BETCL(I)
567
568
569 WUNBL(3~Ll)=WUNBL(3*Ll~-F~6~1-1)
570 520 WUNBL(3*L2)=WUNBL(3#tL2)-F<6~1)
571 C INCLUDE EFFECT OF SUPFOlCT RESTRAINTS
572 DO 530 I=lrNSUF
573 II=JSUF(I)
574 IF(JR(Ivl).ER.l) WUNBL(3*11-2)=0.
575 IF(JR(I*2).ER,l) WUNBL(3XII-l)=O.
576 IF(JR(Iv3).EG.l) WUNBL(3*11)=0.
577 530 CONTINUE
578 C
579 C COHFARE UNBALANCED LOADS TO ACCEPTABLE ERROR
580 C
5El WwlAX=O.
DO 540 I=l,NEQ
z"8; IF(ABS(WUNBL(I)).GT.WUMAX) WUHAX=ABS(WUNBL(I))
584 540 CONTINUE
IF(WUHAX.GT.AWUN) GO TO 550
::z GO TO 570
587 C
588 C STfiRT NEXT LOAD CYCLE
589 C
590 550 WRITE(IOUT,5210) ICYCvWUMAX
591 IF(ICYC.EG.LIflIT) GO TO 560
592 IcYc=IcYctl
593 GO TO 280
594
595 : CYCLE LIMIT EXCEEDED
596
597 560 WRITE(IOUTv5320) LIHIT
598 RETURN
599 C
600 C COMPUTE REACTIONS
601 C
602 570 DO 580 I=lrNSUF
603 DO 580 J=lr3
604 580 R(IvJ)=O.
605 DO 650 I=ltNSUF
606 DO 640 J=lrNH
607 IF(JH(J,l).NE.JSUP(I)) GO TO 620
608 C IF FIXEIl SUPPORT USE INITIAL MEMBER SLOPE (EXCEPT FOR CABLES,
609 h=l
610 590 IF(J.LE.NC) GO TO 600
611 IF(JR(Ir3).EG.O) GO TO 600
634 JOHN F FLEMING

612
2::
615
616
617
618 RJ=YL/TJ
IF(K.EQ.1) GO TO 610
::1: 00 TO 630
621 600 AJ='ALPHA(J)
622 BJ*BETA(J)
623 IF(K.EQ.1) GO TG 610
624 GO TO 630
625 610 R~I,l~-R~Itl~tAJ~P~6~J-5~-BJ*P(6*J-3~
626 R(Iv2)=R(Iv2)tBJ*P(6*J-S)tAJIP(6XJ-3)
627 R(I~3)=R(Ir3)+P(bXJ-l)
628 GO TO 640
629 620 IF(J~(JI~)~NE.JSUP(I)~ GO TO 640
630 Km2
63: GO TO 390
632 630 R(T~~)-RIII~)~AJSP(~~J-~)-BJ~P(~~J-~~
633 RfItZ>=RfI.2)tBJ*P(6*J-4ftAJ*P(6*J-2>
634 R(I,3)=R(Ir3)tP(6*J)
635 640 CONTINUE
636 IF(JR(I*l).EQ.O) R(Irl)=O.
637 IF(JR(IYZ~.EQ.O~ R(It2f-0.
638 IF(JR(It3).EQ.O) R<I~3t=O.
639 650 CONTINUE
640 c
641 C URITE OUT FINAL RESULTS OH LINE PRINTER
642 C
643 WRITE(IOUTIS~~O) ICYC
444 c JOINT DISPLACEMENTS
645 WRITE(IOUTr5240)
646 DO 660 I=lrNJ
647 660 ~RITE(IOUT~5250) I~D~SPL(3~I-2)~~~SFL(3~1-1)~018~L(3~1)
640 C CABLE TENSIONS
649 WRITE(IOUTTS~&O>
650 DO 670 I=lrNC
$51. CTEN~:(P(6$1-4)-P(6*I-S))~2,
652 670 WRITE(IOUTr5270) IICTEN,E(I>
653 c MENBER STRESS RESULTANTS
654 WRITE(IOUTrS280)
655 DO 680 I=WCFltN#l
656 IJRSTE(IOUT.5290) X~JN~I.lfrP~b~E-5~~Pt&~I-3~,P~&~I-l~
657 680 ~RITE~IOUT~5300) Jli(IrZ>vP(6*1-4)
C FINAL NEHRER STARILITY FUNCTIONS
tzit URITE(IOUT,S310)
660 DO 690 I=NCPl?NN
661 690 URITE(IOUT~$320) XtSt(l)rS2(I)rS3 I)tSS<IftSS(I)
662 C REACTIONS
663 URITE(IOUTvS330)
664 DO 700 I=lrNSUP
b&S 700 URITE(IOUT+S340) JSUP(I)rR<Irl)rR
666 C
667 C WRITE OUT FINAL STIFFNESS? DISPLACEIiENTS AND f+ERBER FORCES ON
668 E DISK FOR FUTURE USE
669
670 IF(ISTIF.Eff.0) RETURN
WRITE(ISTIF> TITLE
Z” :! WRITE(ISTIF) NJINN~NSUPVNCTRAXB
673 WRITE(ISTIF) ((XK(I1J)rI=lrNEO),Jll,nAXB)
674 WRITE(ISTIF) (DISPL(I),I=lrNEQ)
675 WRITE(ISTIF) <P,fI)sI=ltNHb)
676 ~ffiTE(IOUT~S3SO) ISTIF
677 C
678 C RETURN TO START FOR NEW PROBLEN
679 L

660 RETURN
68% C
682 C FORNAT STATENENTS
683 L
684 so00 FORNAT(ZOA4)
685 5010 FORNAT(//iX~2OA4~)
be& 5020 FORNATIIv?F)
687 $030 FORNAT(ISr2F15.3)
688 5040 FORNAT(3193Ff
be9 SOS0 FORNAT(315?3F15.3)
690 5060 FORNATflIf
691 5070 FORNAT(415)
692 FORNAT<IS,F15.3tFlS15)
693 %:: FORMAT(//lX,'INITIAL CABLE EQUIVALENT NODULUS'/)
694 9100 FORNAT(ItFf
695 FORfiATfIS,Fl5+4)
696 5,:;::fOR+tAT<Is3F)
697 5130 FORNAT(I5.3FiS.3)
sr40
f Xf: 5150
700 5160 FORMAT(////lX,'TOtAL CORE AVAILABLE FOR ARRAYS ='rftt/r
701 1 lX.'CORE AVAILABLE FOR ERUATIONS ='rIb/*
701 2 lX,'NUNBER OF EQUATIONS =,*14/t
703 3 1x, 'ALLOWABLE HALF RAND WIDTH =,716/r
704 4 ~X,'ACTUAL HALF BAND u1nTi-i=er14f)
 Nonhear stattc analysts of cable-stayed bridge structures 635

705 5170 FORPlAT(/lX,‘EXECUTION TEKHINATED’)

706 5180 FORHAT(/lX,‘EXECUTION PKOCEEDING')
707 5190 FORtiAT(lHlr'OA4//)
708 5300 FORtiAT(1X,‘NUllHEK OF LOAD STEFS IN FIRST CYCLE =‘rI3/r
709 1 lX,‘NUHRER OF LOAIl STEPS IN OTHEK CYCLES =‘rI3/r
710 lX,‘ACCEFTARLE LOAD UNBALANCE =‘.Fs.4)
711 53102FORHAT(/lX r’tiAXIHUH LOAD UNBALANCE AFTEK CYCLE’r14.’ IS’,
712 1 F12.4)
713 5220 FORHAT(//lX. ‘NO CONVERGENCE IN LIMIT OF '~13.' CYCLES’,/
714 1 lX*‘EXECUTION TERMINATED’)
715 5230 FORMAT(//~XI’CONUERGENCE IN 'rI3r' CYCLES')
716 5240 FORHAT(//IXI’JOINT DISFLACEtiENTS’//rlX1’JOINT’r5XI’X DISF’,6X.
717 1 ‘Y DISF’.7X,‘Z ROT’/)
71s 5250 FORl4AT(I5.‘F12.4rFl’.J)
719 5260 FORHAT(//IXI’FINAL CARLE TENSION AND EOUI’JALENT flOItULUS’//r
720 1 ~X,‘CABLE’~~X,‘TENSION’,~X.‘HO~IULUS’/~
721 5270 FORtlAT(I5rFl3.3.Fl3.3)
722 5280 FORliAT(//IX,‘NEMBER STRESS RESULTANTS’//rlX,‘HEME!EK’,
1 ?Xv’JOINT’r6Xv’AXIAL FORCE’v6Xv’SHEAK FORCE’.
$4” 2 llXt’HOHENT’/)
725 5290 FORMAT(I5vIs,2F17.4,Fls.4l
726 5300 FORMAT(5X,Is.2F17.4.Fls.4)
727 5310 FORHAT(//lXv ‘FINAL HEMHER STABILITY FUNCTIONS’//.
738 1 lX.‘MEflBER’r4X,‘Sl’,7X1’S2’r7XI’S3’r7X,’S3’,7X.‘S4’,
2 7x. ‘S5’/)
;:: 5320 FORHAT(IS,‘X,5F9.41
731 5330 FOR~AT~//1X~‘REACTIONS’//,1X,‘JOINT’,11X~’RX’~l2X~‘RY’,l3X.’HZ’/~
732 5340 FORMAT(I5,5X~F13.3rFl4.3~Fl5.3)
733 5350 FORHAT(//~X,*FINAL RESULTS WRITTEN 0~ nIsk FILE F~K’~I~~‘.uAT’/~
734 1 ix, ‘IN HINARY MODE FOR FUTURE USE’/)
735 END
736 C
I
737
738 : SURROUTINE TO SOLVE SIMULTANIOUS EQUATIONS USING UFFEK DIAGONAL
739 C HALF RAND OF SYMHETRIC COEFFICIENT MATRIX
740 C
741 SUBROUTINE SOLVE(XK,WINEQ~NHAND~IIAXB)
742 C
743 DIMENSION Xh(NEO,NHAND)rW(NEO)
744
745 E FORWARO ELIMINATION
746 C
747 II0 60 N=l.NEO
748 I=N
749 DO 50 L=2rMAXB
1=1+1
;gy
IF(Xh(NvL)) 10,50rlO
752 10 C=Xh(NpL)/Xh(NvlI
753 J=O
754 DO 30 K=L,ilAXP
755 J=Jtl
756 IF(Xh(Nvk)l 2013Ov20
757 10 Xh(IrJl=Xh(I,J)-C*Xh(Nlk)
758 30 CONTINUE
40 Xh(N.L)=C
5:: W(I)=W(I)-CXW(N1
761 50 CONTINUE
60 W(N)=W(N)/Xh(N,l)
z C
764 C HACh SUBSTITUTION
765 C
766 N=NEO
767 70 N=N-1
768 IF(N) 110v110,80
769 SO L=N
770 DO 100 h=2.MAXH
771 L=Ltl
772 IF(Xh(N,h)) 90rlOOv90
773 90 W(N)=W(N)-X~(N,K)*W(L)
774 100 CONTINUE
775 GO TO 70
776 110 RETURN
777 END