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    List of Figures: EM 1110-1-4001 3 Jun 02

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    André Oliveira
    This document contains a list of figures for EM 1110-1-4001, which provides guidance on soil vapor extraction and bioventing systems for remediation of contaminated soil and waste containment sites. It includes figures illustrating SVE/bioventing system components, design considerations, field testing procedures, and system performance monitoring. Key figures show SVE application strategies, transport processes, well configurations, pneumatic network analyses, and examples of contaminant removal over time during system operation.

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    List of Figures: EM 1110-1-4001 3 Jun 02

    Uploaded by

    André Oliveira
    4 views3 pages
    This document contains a list of figures for EM 1110-1-4001, which provides guidance on soil vapor extraction and bioventing systems for remediation of contaminated soil and waste containment sites. It includes figures illustrating SVE/bioventing system components, design considerations, field testing procedures, and system performance monitoring. Key figures show SVE application strategies, transport processes, well configurations, pneumatic network analyses, and examples of contaminant removal over time during system operation.

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    This document contains a list of figures for EM 1110-1-4001, which provides guidance on soil vapor extraction and bioventing systems for remediation of contaminated soil and waste containment sites. It includes figures illustrating SVE/bioventing system components, design considerations, field testing procedures, and system performance monitoring. Key figures show SVE application strategies, transport processes, well configurations, pneumatic network analyses, and examples of contaminant removal over time during system operation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views3 pages

    List of Figures: EM 1110-1-4001 3 Jun 02

    Uploaded by

    André Oliveira
    This document contains a list of figures for EM 1110-1-4001, which provides guidance on soil vapor extraction and bioventing systems for remediation of contaminated soil and waste containment sites. It includes figures illustrating SVE/bioventing system components, design considerations, field testing procedures, and system performance monitoring. Key figures show SVE application strategies, transport processes, well configurations, pneumatic network analyses, and examples of contaminant removal over time during system operation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    EM 1110-1-4001

    3 Jun 02

    List of Figures

    Figure 2-1 SVE/BV Application Strategy..................................................................................2-2


    Figure 2-2 SVE Transport Processes ......................................................................................2-4
    Figure 2-3 Partitioning of VOCs ...............................................................................................2-5
    Figure 2-4 Capillary Pressure Head-Saturation Curves Exhibiting Brooks-Corey and Van
    Genuchten Analytical Functions .............................................................................2-9
    Figure 2-5 Use of Distance-Drawdown Graphs to Determine re ............................................2-16
    Figure 2-6 Transient Pressure Distributions Calculated Using the Cooper-Jacob
    Approximation.......................................................................................................2-22
    Figure 2-7 Biodegradtion Reaction Rate as a Function of Substrate Concentration..............2-22
    Figure 3-1 Generic Soil Vapor Extraction Sstem......................................................................3-2
    Figure 3-2 Typical Bioventing System......................................................................................3-3
    Figure 3-3 Schematic of a TPE System, Showing All Fluids Extracted from the Well via the
    Same Suction Pipe .................................................................................................3-5
    Figure 3-4 Dual Phase Extraction Recovery System Schematic Showing Separate Liquids
    and Vapor Extraction Conduits within the Same Well.............................................3-6
    Figure 3-5 Bioslurper System...................................................................................................3-7
    Figure 3-6 Schematic of Vacuum Effect on Perched Hydrocarbons........................................3-8
    Figure 3-7 Aboveground Soil Pile ..........................................................................................3-11
    Figure 3-8 Aboveground Soil Piles.........................................................................................3-12
    Figure 3-9 Air Sparging Process Schematic. .........................................................................3-14
    Figure 3-10 Technology Screening Decision Tree...................................................................3-17
    Figure 4-1 Diagram of Typical Column Test Apparatus ...........................................................4-3
    Figure 4-2 Relationship between Water Saturation and Relative Permeability to Air ..............4-4
    Figure 4-3 Schematic for Typical Air Permeability or Pilot Test ...............................................4-5
    Figure 4-4 Typical Field Air Permeability Test Data .................................................................4-6
    Figure 4-5 Bench- and Pilot-Scale Decision Tree ..................................................................4-11
    Figure 4-6 SVE/BV System Performance Test Typical Procedures ......................................4-18
    Figure 4-7 Pilot Testing Decision Tree...................................................................................4-19
    Figure 4-8 Stepped-Rate Test Example for a Horizontal Vent ...............................................4-20
    Figure 4-9 Stepped-Rate Test Example for a Vertical Vent ...................................................4-20
    Figure 4-10 Example of System Curve Construction from Stepped Rate Test........................4-24
    Figure 4-11 Monitoring Upwelling ............................................................................................4-26
    Figure 4-12 Example Vacuum Map for Constant-Rate Test, Vertical Vent..............................4-29
    Figure 4-13 Example Vacuum Map for Constant-Rate Test, Horizontal Vent..........................4-30
    Figure 4-14 Steady-State Pump Test.......................................................................................4-31
    Figure 4-15 Test Vent Well Design. .........................................................................................4-32
    Figure 4-16 Steady-State Pressure Distribution for 1-D Flow Between Parallel Trenches
    Installed in Confined Layers..................................................................................4-34
    Figure 4-17 Example Pneumatic Well Logging Results for Soil Permeability to Air.................4-36
    Figure 4-18 Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) Venting Curve............................................................4-41

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    EM 1110-1-4001
    3 Jun 02

    Figure 4-19 Simi-Log Plot of Vacuum Versus Time for Permeability Test ...............................4-41
    Figure 4-20 Specific Capacity Versus Vacuum .......................................................................4-43
    Figure 4-21 Extraction Rate Versus Vacuum ...........................................................................4-43
    Figure 4-22 O2 and CO2 Percentages Versus Time During In Situ Respiration Test...............4-44
    Figure 4-23 Field Criteria for Estimating Venting Feasibility, and Evaluation of Data from
    22 Pilot Tests ........................................................................................................4-49
    Figure 5-1 Decision Tree for SVE/BV System Design .............................................................5-3
    Figure 5-2 Considerations Prior to Well Layout/Airflow Design................................................5-5
    Figure 5-3 Effect of Contrasting Air Permeabilities on Pore-Gas Velocity ...............................5-8
    Figure 5-4 Example Venting Well Configurations ..................................................................5-11
    Figure 5-5 Vertical Extraction/Inlet Well Layout Scheme .......................................................5-11
    Figure 5-6 Plan View of Typical Horizontal Extraction/Vertical Inlet Well Scheme ................5-12
    Figure 5-7 Decision Path for Well Configurations and Flow Rates. .......................................5-14
    Figure 5-8 Dimensionless Travel Times at the Water Table for Wells Screened Within the
    Lower Half, Ffth, and Tenth of the Vadose Zone..................................................5-16
    Figure 5-9 Plan View of Streamtubes for a Two-Well System ...............................................5-17
    Figure 5-10 Profile of Streamtubes for a Two-Well System .....................................................5-18
    Figure 5-11 Plan View of Streamtubes for a Three-Well System.............................................5-19
    Figure 5-12 Streamtube Profiles for a Three-Well System.......................................................5-21
    Figure 5-13 Plan View of Streamtubes for a Four-Well System...............................................5-21
    Figure 5-14 Streamtube Profiles for a Four-Well System.........................................................5-22
    Figure 5-15 Friction Loss Chart................................................................................................5-27
    Figure 5-16 Typical SVE Pneumatic Analysis..........................................................................5-28
    Figure 5-17 Piping Network for Pneumatic Calculation............................................................5-29
    Figure 5-18 Results of Pneumatic Analysis..............................................................................5-30
    Figure 5-19 Extraction Well/Monitoring Point Construction Details..........................................5-37
    Figure 5-20 Typical Horizontal Vent Well Design, Plan and Section Views. ............................5-42
    Figure 5-21 Valve Schematics...................................................................................................5-47
    Figure 5-22 Typical Manifold System.......................................................................................5-47
    Figure 5-23 Blower Schematics ...............................................................................................5-52
    Figure 5-24 Applicability of Thermal Oxidation Systems Based on Percent LEL Influent
    Concentration and Process Flow Rate .................................................................5-69
    Figure 5-25 Sample Process Hazard Review ..........................................................................5-79
    Figure 5-26 Typical SVE Site Plan...........................................................................................5-84
    Figure 5-27 Typical SVE Preliminary P&I Diagram..................................................................5-85
    Figure 5-28 Typical SVE Electrical Schematic. ........................................................................5-87
    Figure 7-1 Total Hydrocarbon Concentration and Extracted Air Flowrates Over 6 Months of
    SVE Operation....................................................................................................................7-21
    Figure 7-2 Daily Contaminant Removal .................................................................................7-22
    Figure 7-3 Cumulative Contaminant Removal .......................................................................7-24
    Figure 8-1 Pitot Tube Flow Measurmennt Schematic ..............................................................8-6

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    Figure 8-2 Nomograph of Flow Correction Factors for Converting Measured Flow to
    Standardized Flow ................................................................................................8-10
    Figure 9-1 Vent Gas VOC Concentrations at Six Sites Over Time ..........................................9-5
    Figure 9-2 Measured and Modeled Extracted TCE Concentrations During SVE...................9-12
    Figure 11-1 Phased Remediation Process Flow Chart ............................................................11-6
    Figure D-1 Best Fit of Field Data Using Equation D-22 ......................................................... D-11
    Figure D-2 Pressure Isobars Calculated Using Equation D-22 and Best-Fit Air
    Permeabilities from Figure D-1 ............................................................................ D-12
    Figure E-1 Use of Superposition to Simulate an Atmospheric Boundary ................................ E-3
    Figure E-2 Streamlines and Pressure Isobars......................................................................... E-4
    Figure E-3 Streamlines and Pressure Isobars for a Multiwell System..................................... E-6
    Figure E-4 Streamlines for One-Dimensional Radial Flow ...................................................... E-7
    Figure F-1 Typical Vapor Concentration History During SVE with Two Rebound Periods...... F-2
    Figure F-2 Approximate Equation Fits to the Example Concentration History During SVE .... F-8
    Figure F-3 Summary of Historical TCE Concentration Measurements ................................. F-16
    Figure F-4 Forecast for Continued Operation of the Existing SVE System........................... F-17
    Figure F-5 Measured and Modeled PCE Vapor Concentrations at the Manifold .................. F-19
    Figure F-6 Measured and Modeled PCE Vapor Concentrations in Well VW-01 ................... F-19
    Figure F-7 Forecast for PCE Removal Using Optimized Extraction Well Configuration ....... F-21

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