ENGLISH PAPER

TYPE A ENGLISH READING TEXT

Compiled by : MEIMULYA
Class : XII MIPA 3

SMA NEGERI 1 POLEWALI

Thank God we pray to God Almighty for His abundance of grace and gift we can
complete a paper on "the text read". Not to forget we also thank our mentor teachers in the
subjects of English has been given this task. We as authors hope someday this paper can be
useful and helpful also as well as broaden our knowledge about all the explanations of the
kind of - kind of reading text.
In the manufacture of this paper we are very aware of the shortage is still very much in
the here and there and still need suggestions for improvement. Therefore we are very grateful
if anyone is willing to give suggestions and criticisms for the improvement of this paper.
Hopefully simple paper can be easily understood and can be understood its meaning. ,

Polewali , 28 October 2016

author
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE……………………………………………………………….……..ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………....iii
CAPTER I – Introduction
A.Background…………………………………………………………………..1
B. Formulation of The Problem………………………………………………..2 C.
Purpose …...…………………………………………………………………2
CAPTER II – Discussion
A. Review text……………………………………………………………. B.
Narrative………………………………………………………………3-4
C. Recounts………………………………………………………...…….5-6
D. Descriptive………………………………………………………………7-8
E. News item……………………………………………………….…..…8-10
F. Procedure……………………………………………………………..10-12
G. Discussion ……………………………………………………………12-15
H. Explanation……………………………………………..……………15-16
I. Report…………………………………………………………...…....17-18
J. Analytical Exposition………………………………………………...19-21
K. Hortatory Exposit…………………..………………………….........21-23
CHAPTER III – Cover
Conclusion………………………………………………………………......26
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………….27
 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY

A. Background
Language is very important in human life. Language is a communication tool.
Without language, one can not communicate with others. English is the language of the
world. People refer to it as an international language. At our school, the English language
has gone well.
Most people in the world from various countries and nations speak languages.
Moreover, many scientific studies such as education, science, religion, technology, trade
or politics is written in the language.
Language includes four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing.
English is a new language that makes us often have trouble when their language.
One reason is characteristic of the English language itself. For example, tenses, verb
regular and irregular can not be found in Indonesia. In contrast, Indonesia is a language
that the student has received prior basically, so we already have enough knowledge about
it and have been known to use it properly.

B. Problem Formulation
Based on the above background, as for the formulation of the problem, namely:
1. How things about Narrative Text ?
2. How things about Recount Text ?
3. How things about Descriptive text ?
4. How things about News item ?
5. How things about Procedure text ?
6. How things about Explanation Text ?
7. How things about Discussion Text ?
8. How things about Report Text ?
9. How things about Analytical Exposition ?
10. How things about The exposition Hortatory ?
11. How things about Review Text ?

C. Purpose
1. To know things about the Narrative Text.
2. To know things about the Recount Text.
3. To know things about the Descriptive text.
4. To know things about the News item.
5. To know things about the Procedure text
6. To know things about the Explanation Text.
7. To know things about the Discussion Text .
8. To know things about the Report Text.
9. To know things about the Analytical Exposition.
10. To know things about the The exposition Hortatory.
11. To know things about the Review Text .
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Narrative text
a. Definition
Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction / nonfiction / tales /
folktales / fables / myths / epic) and its plot consists of climax of the story
(complication) then followed by theresolution.A narrative text is a text amuse,
entertain and deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways. Narrative
deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind,
which in turn finds a resolution.
The narrative text short story is telling of a story or anaccount of a sequence of
events. One of the four traditionalforms of composition (along with description,
exposition, and persuasion). Narration differs from exposition, which can alsorelate
a sequence of events, in that narration need not be factualand may be written from
the perspective of a character in thetext.

b. Purpose
The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.

c. Generic Structure
1) Orientation
Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and introduces the
participants of the story: who and what is involved in the story.
2) Complication
Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the crisis (climax) of the
main participants.
3) Resolution
The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy ending or in a sad (tragic)
ending
4) Re-orientation/Coda
This is a closing remark to the story and it is optional. It consists  of a moral
lesson, advice or teaching from the writer
d. Language Features
1) Specific, often individual participants with defined identities. Major participants
are human, or sometimes animals with human characteristics
2) Mainly action verbs (material processes), but also many verbs which refer to
what human participants said, or felt, or thought (verbal and mental processes).
3) Normally past tense
4) Many linking words to do in time.
5) Dialogue often included, during which the tense may change to the present or
future.
6) Descriptive language chosen to enhance and develop the story by creating
images in the reader’s mind.
7) Can be written in the first person (I, we) or third person (he, she, they)
B. Recount Text
a. Definition
Definition of Recount Text. A recount text is a text which tells
about something that happened in the past. The details in a recount can include what
happened, who was involved, where it took place, when it happened and why it
occurred. Itspurpose or goal is to entertain or inform about the past activityto the
reader or listener
Recount text can be factual information, such as a newsstory or procedural
information, such as telling someone howyou built something
or personal information, such as a familyholiday or your opinion on a subject.

b. Purpose
The purpose of a recount is to list and describe past experiences by retelling
events in the order in which they happened (chronological order). Recounts are
written to retell events with the purpose of either informing or entertaining their
audience (or both).

c. Generic Structure
There are some generic structure such as orientation, events and re-orientation.
1) Orientation 
Orientation or introduction that convey information about who, where and when
the events or activity that occurred in the past.
2) Events
Events are recording the events that occurred which is usually presented in
chronological order. There is a comment about the private of chronological or
events that telling in this section.
3) Re-orientation
In this part, there is repetition of recognition in the orientation. repetition which
summarizes the sequence of events.

d. Language Features
1) Past tense, for example We WENT to the zoo; She was happy, and so on.
2) Action verbs or action verbs, eg go, look, eat, etc.
3) Nouns and pronouns as pronouns, animals or objects involved, such as David,
the monkey, etc. We.
4) Conjunctions and time / Chronological connectives that sort of events, events or
activities, such as and, but, then, after that, etc.
5) Adverbs and adverb Phrases to disclose where, when and how, for example,
yesterday, at my house, etc. Studio albums Slowly.
6) Adjectives to describe nouns, such as beautiful, funny, etc.
C. Descriptive text
a. Definition
Descriptive text is a text which presents information about something
specifically. A text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to
describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing. 
And we can use this desciption style in all forms of writing to create a vivid
impression of a person, place, object or event e.g. to: 
 Describe a special place and explain why it is special.
 Describe the most important person in your live.
 Describe the animal’s habit in your report.
Descriptive writing or text is usually also used to help writer develop an aspect
of their work, e.g. to create a particular mood, atmosphere or describe a place so that
the reader can create vivid pictures of characters, places, objects etc.
b. Purpose
As a feature, description in descriptive text is a style of writing which can be
useful for other variety of purposes as:
1. To engage a reader’s attention
2. To create characters
3. To set a mood or create an atmosphere
4. To being writing to life
c. Generic Structure
The generic structure is arrangement in writing the descriptive text that article
we write in accordance with the existing rules in the descriptive text. The generic
structure such as :
1)  Identification : Contains the identification of terms or preliminary / the
general describe of someone or things of the topic.
2) Description : Contains of the explained, describe of things and someone
that more detail from the identification that has general describe.
To make descriptive text, we have to determine the topic descriptive text then
you make general describe of descriptive text. The general describe that will be
make detail description.
d. Language Features
In language function, descriptive text writing :
1) Aims to show rather than tell the reader what something/someone is like
2) Relies on precisely chosen vocabulary with carefully chosen adjectives and
adverbs.
3) Is focused and concentrates only on the aspects that add something to the main
purpose of the description.
4) Sensory description-what is heard, seen, smelt, felt, tasted.Precise use of
adjectives, similes, metaphors to create images/pictures in the mind e.g. their
noses were met with the acrid smell of rotting flesh.
5) Strong  development of the experience that “put the reader there” focuses on key
details, powerful verbs and precise nouns.
While the language features in descriptive text are :
1) Using Simple Present Tense
2) Using action verbs
3) Using passive voice
4) Using noun phrase
5) Using adverbial phrase
6) Using technical terms
7) Using general and abstract noun
8) Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.
D. Discussion
a. Definition
Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will
be discussed from different points of view. It presents pro and contra opinion on
certain issue.
The purpose of a discussion text is to present arguments and information from
differing viewpoints. Discussion texts are usually written in the present tense.

b. Purpose
To present different opinions on a particular issue or topic arguments for and
against/positive and negative/good and bad

c. Generic Structure
There are three parts of discussion Text, they are:
1) Issue
This part consists of an introductory paragraph that introduces topic/issue – may
state writer’s view.
2) Argument
This part consists of series of paragraphs that outline arguments for and against
the issue or topic. Words shouldshow comparison/contrast and link arguments.
3) Conclusion
This part consists of sums up issues and presents writer’s point of view and/or
recommendations.

d. Language Features
1) Introducing category or generic participant.
2) Relating verb/to be: is, am, are, etc.
3) Using thinking verb: feel, hope, believe, etc.
4) Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection: similarly, on the hand,
however, etc.
5) Using modalities: must, should, could, may, etc.
6) Using adverbial of manner: deliberately, hopefully, etc.
7) Conjunction/transition: although, even, if, etc.
E. Explanation Text
a. Definition
The explanation text type tells how or why something occurs. It looks at the
steps rather than the things. The purpose of an explanation is to tell each step of the
process (the how) and to give reasons (the why). (Mark Anderson and Kathy
Anderson, 1997:81) Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of
natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
According to Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson (1997: 82) says that the
explanation text type is often used to tell how and why thing (phenomena) occur in
nature. Some examples of explanations are: How something occurs, why something
happened, why things are a like or different, how to solve a problem, etc.

b. Purpose
To explain the processes involved in the formation and working of natural or
socio cultural phenomena

c. Generic Structure
There are three sections in the Text Explanation sentence structure, namely:
1) A general statement
In a general statement contains a general explanation of the phenomenon that
will be discussed, this phenomenon could be the introduction or explanation.
2) A squenced of explanation
A squenced of explanation contains an explanation of why the phenomenon
may occur or be created. A squenced of explanation in the form of answers to
the question 'why' and 'how' the author when making an Explanation text. In
squenced of explanation may consist of more than one paragraph.
3) Closing
Actually closing was not listed in the generic structure of the Explanation text,
but most people assume that the last paragraph of the Explanation text is
closing, but it is part of squenced of explantaion that contains the final steps
described in the section squenced of explanation.

d. Language Features
1) Focus on generic, non-human participants
2) The use of general and abstract nouns
3) The use of action verbs
4) The use of simple present tense
5) The use of passive voice
6) The use of conjunctions of time and cause
7) The use of noun phrases
8) The use of complex sentences
9) The use of technical language
F. Report Text
a. Definition
The report text often also known as informational report. "Report", the Concise
Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition, is defined as :
1) An account is given of a matter after investigation or consideration. 
2) A piece of information about an event or situation. 
So we can conclude, in a language view, a report text is used to serves to
provide information about an event or situation, after the investigation and through
the multi consideration.
Definition of text report is also fairly similar to what is often mentioned in
various books in English at the intermediate level, "Report is a text roomates
present information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic
observation and analyzes." [Report is a text which presents information about
something as it is. This text is the result of systematic observation and analysis.]
Thus, the actual report and descriptive text have the distinction is quite clear,
although they often called by a "twin brother".

b. Purpose
Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally
describe an entire class of things, Whether natural or made: Mammals, the planets,
rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.

c. Generic Structure
As same as descriptive text,  A report text also has two common structures
[generic structure], there are :
1) General Clasification : statements that describe the common subject of the
report, common description, and classification.
2) Description : Tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms
of parts, qualities, habits or behaviors; This section gives us an overview of
commonly occurring phenomenon, either of its parts, its properties, habit, or
behavior. The point is, presenting elaboration of scientific classification.
There is also some information on the generic text structure report, which includes :
1) General information, is the part that mentions the general information of the
theme of writing. 
 2) Bundles of Specific Information, give us the elaboration of general information.

d. Language Features
1) Focus on generic participant.
A report text always introduces group or general aspect and focus on general
nouns, such as: ‘Platypus’, ‘Bees’, etc.
2) A report text uses relating verb and action verb, for example:
Relating verb : Reptiles are scalyanimal,etc.
Action verb : Birds fly in the sky, etc. 
3) A report text uses of simple present tense, for example: Platypus lives in
streams, male platypus does not need any burrow, etc
4) The language used in a report text is a scientific language, for example: water
contains oxygen and hydrogen, etc.
5) A report text uses Conditionals and logical connectives, such as: but, in other
hand, etc.
G. Procedur Text
a. Definition
Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved
through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different
processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often
imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second,
then, next, finally, etc.

b. Purpose
The purpose of procedure text is to tell the reader how to do or make something.
The information is presented in a logical sequence of events which is broken up into
small sequenced steps. These texts are usually written in the present tense. The most
common example of a procedural text is a recipe.  

c. Generic Structure
1) Goal/Aim
This text contains about purpose of making or operating of something.
2) Materials/Equipment
Materials consist of ingredients that are used in making something. But not all
parts of procedure text includes materials, sometimes a procedure text does not
have materials section.
3) Steps/Methods
Contains the steps or sequences that must be done so that the objectives outlined
in the aim/goal to be achieved. Steps or sequences must be a sequence from the
first to the last.

d. Language Features
1) Focus on generic participant.
A report text always introduces group or general aspect and focus on general
nouns, such as: ‘Platypus’, ‘Bees’, etc.
2) A report text uses relating verb and action verb, for example:
Relating verb : Reptiles are scalyanimal,etc.
Action verb : Birds fly in the sky, etc. 
3) A report text uses of simple present tense, for example: Platypus lives in
streams, male platypus does not need any burrow, etc
4) The language used in a report text is a scientific language, for example: water
contains oxygen and hydrogen, etc.
5) A report text uses Conditionals and logical connectives, such as: but, in other
hand, etc.
H. Hortatory Exposition Text
a. Definition
Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to
persuade the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be
done.
Hortatory is similar to analytical exposition but if we have to differentiate both
from one to each other, we have one useful tool by making analysis on the generic
structure. What makes hortatory different from analytical exposition is the last
finalizing step which analytical exposition is ended by a reiteration while hortatory
is finalized by certain a recommendation. 

b. Purpose
The Purpose Hortatory exposition is to presenting and influencing the readers
thatshould be so, and should not be.

c. Generic Structure
1) Thesis
The contain of thesis is introduction tothe main idea of a effect or event that
will be raised or discussed.
2) argument
The contain of argument is the opinions of the writer that support the main
idea. The more opinions the authorswrite, the more attractive a Hortatory
Exposition Text, because readers tend to believe in an event if there are many
opinions that support in it.
3) Reiteration
The last part of the generic structure hortatory exposition is a statement of
what should or should not happen or be done, which is called advice
(recommendation).

d. Language Features
1) Focusing on the writer
2) Using action verb
3) Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
4) Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, however, therefore, etc)
5) Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
6) Using passive voice
7) Using simple present tense
8) The use of modals and adverbs (e.g. may, must, should, etc)
9) The use of emotive words (e.g. worried, alarmed etc)
10) The use of words that qualify statements (e.g. usual, probably etc)
11) The use of subjective opinions using pronouns I and we