Normal Distribution
Normal Distribution
0.012
X P(X) X P(X) X P(X)
-100 0.000227 -100 0.00016 -100 0.000318
-99 0.000243 -99 0.000172 -99 0.00034 0.01
-98 0.000261 -98 0.000184 -98 0.000362
-97 0.000279 -97 0.000198 -97 0.000386
-96 0.000298 -96 0.000212 -96 0.000412 0.008
-95 0.000318 -95 0.000227 -95 0.000438
-94 0.00034 -94 0.000243 -94 0.000466 0.006
-93 0.000362 -93 0.000261 -93 0.000496
-92 0.000386 -92 0.000279 -92 0.000527
-91 0.000412 -91 0.000298 -91 0.00056 0.004
-90 0.000438 -90 0.000318 -90 0.000594
-89 0.000466 -89 0.00034 -89 0.00063
0.002
-88 0.000496 -88 0.000362 -88 0.000668
-87 0.000527 -87 0.000386 -87 0.000708
-86 0.00056 -86 0.000412 -86 0.00075 0
-100 -93 -86 -7
-85 0.000594 -85 0.000438 -85 0.000793
-84 0.00063 -84 0.000466 -84 0.000839
-83 0.000668 -83 0.000496 -83 0.000887
-82 0.000708 -82 0.000527 -82 0.000937
-81 0.00075 -81 0.00056 -81 0.000989
-80 0.000793 -80 0.000594 -80 0.001043
-79 0.000839 -79 0.00063 -79 0.0011
-78 0.000887 -78 0.000668 -78 0.001158
-77 0.000937 -77 0.000708 -77 0.00122
-76 0.000989 -76 0.00075 -76 0.001284
-75 0.001043 -75 0.000793 -75 0.00135
-74 0.0011 -74 0.000839 -74 0.001419
-73 0.001158 -73 0.000887 -73 0.00149
-72 0.00122 -72 0.000937 -72 0.001564
-71 0.001284 -71 0.000989 -71 0.00164
-70 0.00135 -70 0.001043 -70 0.00172
-69 0.001419 -69 0.0011 -69 0.001802
-68 0.00149 -68 0.001158 -68 0.001886
-67 0.001564 -67 0.00122 -67 0.001974
-66 0.00164 -66 0.001284 -66 0.002064
-65 0.00172 -65 0.00135 -65 0.002157
-64 0.001802 -64 0.001419 -64 0.002253
-63 0.001886 -63 0.00149 -63 0.002351
-62 0.001974 -62 0.001564 -62 0.002453
-61 0.002064 -61 0.00164 -61 0.002557
-60 0.002157 -60 0.00172 -60 0.002663
-59 0.002253 -59 0.001802 -59 0.002773
-58 0.002351 -58 0.001886 -58 0.002885
-57 0.002453 -57 0.001974 -57 0.003
-56 0.002557 -56 0.002064 -56 0.003118
-55 0.002663 -55 0.002157 -55 0.003238
-54 0.002773 -54 0.002253 -54 0.003361
-53 0.002885 -53 0.002351 -53 0.003486
-52 0.003 -52 0.002453 -52 0.003613
-51 0.003118 -51 0.002557 -51 0.003743
-50 0.003238 -50 0.002663 -50 0.003875
-49 0.003361 -49 0.002773 -49 0.00401
-48 0.003486 -48 0.002885 -48 0.004146
-47 0.003613 -47 0.003 -47 0.004284
-46 0.003743 -46 0.003118 -46 0.004424
-45 0.003875 -45 0.003238 -45 0.004566
-44 0.00401 -44 0.003361 -44 0.00471
-43 0.004146 -43 0.003486 -43 0.004855
-42 0.004284 -42 0.003613 -42 0.005001
-41 0.004424 -41 0.003743 -41 0.005148
-40 0.004566 -40 0.003875 -40 0.005297
-39 0.00471 -39 0.00401 -39 0.005446
-38 0.004855 -38 0.004146 -38 0.005596
-37 0.005001 -37 0.004284 -37 0.005747
-36 0.005148 -36 0.004424 -36 0.005898
-35 0.005297 -35 0.004566 -35 0.006049
-34 0.005446 -34 0.00471 -34 0.0062
-33 0.005596 -33 0.004855 -33 0.006351
-32 0.005747 -32 0.005001 -32 0.006502
-31 0.005898 -31 0.005148 -31 0.006652
-30 0.006049 -30 0.005297 -30 0.006801
-29 0.0062 -29 0.005446 -29 0.00695
-28 0.006351 -28 0.005596 -28 0.007097
-27 0.006502 -27 0.005747 -27 0.007242
-26 0.006652 -26 0.005898 -26 0.007386
-25 0.006801 -25 0.006049 -25 0.007528
-24 0.00695 -24 0.0062 -24 0.007669
-23 0.007097 -23 0.006351 -23 0.007806
-22 0.007242 -22 0.006502 -22 0.007942
-21 0.007386 -21 0.006652 -21 0.008074
-20 0.007528 -20 0.006801 -20 0.008204
-19 0.007669 -19 0.00695 -19 0.008331
-18 0.007806 -18 0.007097 -18 0.008454
-17 0.007942 -17 0.007242 -17 0.008574
-16 0.008074 -16 0.007386 -16 0.00869
-15 0.008204 -15 0.007528 -15 0.008802
-14 0.008331 -14 0.007669 -14 0.00891
-13 0.008454 -13 0.007806 -13 0.009013
-12 0.008574 -12 0.007942 -12 0.009112
-11 0.00869 -11 0.008074 -11 0.009207
-10 0.008802 -10 0.008204 -10 0.009296
-9 0.00891 -9 0.008331 -9 0.009381
-8 0.009013 -8 0.008454 -8 0.00946
-7 0.009112 -7 0.008574 -7 0.009535
-6 0.009207 -6 0.00869 -6 0.009603
-5 0.009296 -5 0.008802 -5 0.009667
-4 0.009381 -4 0.00891 -4 0.009724
-3 0.00946 -3 0.009013 -3 0.009776
-2 0.009535 -2 0.009112 -2 0.009822
-1 0.009603 -1 0.009207 -1 0.009862
0 0.009667 0 0.009296 0 0.009896
1 0.009724 1 0.009381 1 0.009924
2 0.009776 2 0.00946 2 0.009946
3 0.009822 3 0.009535 3 0.009961
4 0.009862 4 0.009603 4 0.00997
5 0.009896 5 0.009667 5 0.009974
6 0.009924 6 0.009724 6 0.00997
7 0.009946 7 0.009776 7 0.009961
8 0.009961 8 0.009822 8 0.009946
9 0.00997 9 0.009862 9 0.009924
10 0.009974 10 0.009896 10 0.009896
11 0.00997 11 0.009924 11 0.009862
12 0.009961 12 0.009946 12 0.009822
13 0.009946 13 0.009961 13 0.009776
14 0.009924 14 0.00997 14 0.009724
15 0.009896 15 0.009974 15 0.009667
16 0.009862 16 0.00997 16 0.009603
17 0.009822 17 0.009961 17 0.009535
18 0.009776 18 0.009946 18 0.00946
19 0.009724 19 0.009924 19 0.009381
20 0.009667 20 0.009896 20 0.009296
21 0.009603 21 0.009862 21 0.009207
22 0.009535 22 0.009822 22 0.009112
23 0.00946 23 0.009776 23 0.009013
24 0.009381 24 0.009724 24 0.00891
25 0.009296 25 0.009667 25 0.008802
26 0.009207 26 0.009603 26 0.00869
27 0.009112 27 0.009535 27 0.008574
28 0.009013 28 0.00946 28 0.008454
29 0.00891 29 0.009381 29 0.008331
30 0.008802 30 0.009296 30 0.008204
31 0.00869 31 0.009207 31 0.008074
32 0.008574 32 0.009112 32 0.007942
33 0.008454 33 0.009013 33 0.007806
34 0.008331 34 0.00891 34 0.007669
35 0.008204 35 0.008802 35 0.007528
36 0.008074 36 0.00869 36 0.007386
37 0.007942 37 0.008574 37 0.007242
38 0.007806 38 0.008454 38 0.007097
39 0.007669 39 0.008331 39 0.00695
40 0.007528 40 0.008204 40 0.006801
41 0.007386 41 0.008074 41 0.006652
42 0.007242 42 0.007942 42 0.006502
43 0.007097 43 0.007806 43 0.006351
44 0.00695 44 0.007669 44 0.0062
45 0.006801 45 0.007528 45 0.006049
46 0.006652 46 0.007386 46 0.005898
47 0.006502 47 0.007242 47 0.005747
48 0.006351 48 0.007097 48 0.005596
49 0.0062 49 0.00695 49 0.005446
50 0.006049 50 0.006801 50 0.005297
51 0.005898 51 0.006652 51 0.005148
52 0.005747 52 0.006502 52 0.005001
53 0.005596 53 0.006351 53 0.004855
54 0.005446 54 0.0062 54 0.00471
55 0.005297 55 0.006049 55 0.004566
56 0.005148 56 0.005898 56 0.004424
57 0.005001 57 0.005747 57 0.004284
58 0.004855 58 0.005596 58 0.004146
59 0.00471 59 0.005446 59 0.00401
60 0.004566 60 0.005297 60 0.003875
61 0.004424 61 0.005148 61 0.003743
62 0.004284 62 0.005001 62 0.003613
63 0.004146 63 0.004855 63 0.003486
64 0.00401 64 0.00471 64 0.003361
65 0.003875 65 0.004566 65 0.003238
66 0.003743 66 0.004424 66 0.003118
67 0.003613 67 0.004284 67 0.003
68 0.003486 68 0.004146 68 0.002885
69 0.003361 69 0.00401 69 0.002773
70 0.003238 70 0.003875 70 0.002663
71 0.003118 71 0.003743 71 0.002557
72 0.003 72 0.003613 72 0.002453
73 0.002885 73 0.003486 73 0.002351
74 0.002773 74 0.003361 74 0.002253
75 0.002663 75 0.003238 75 0.002157
76 0.002557 76 0.003118 76 0.002064
77 0.002453 77 0.003 77 0.001974
78 0.002351 78 0.002885 78 0.001886
79 0.002253 79 0.002773 79 0.001802
80 0.002157 80 0.002663 80 0.00172
81 0.002064 81 0.002557 81 0.00164
82 0.001974 82 0.002453 82 0.001564
83 0.001886 83 0.002351 83 0.00149
84 0.001802 84 0.002253 84 0.001419
85 0.00172 85 0.002157 85 0.00135
86 0.00164 86 0.002064 86 0.001284
87 0.001564 87 0.001974 87 0.00122
88 0.00149 88 0.001886 88 0.001158
89 0.001419 89 0.001802 89 0.0011
90 0.00135 90 0.00172 90 0.001043
91 0.001284 91 0.00164 91 0.000989
92 0.00122 92 0.001564 92 0.000937
93 0.001158 93 0.00149 93 0.000887
94 0.0011 94 0.001419 94 0.000839
95 0.001043 95 0.00135 95 0.000793
96 0.000989 96 0.001284 96 0.00075
97 0.000937 97 0.00122 97 0.000708
98 0.000887 98 0.001158 98 0.000668
99 0.000839 99 0.0011 99 0.00063
100 0.000793 100 0.001043 100 0.000594
Normal Distributi on Chart
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
-100 -93 -86 -79 -72 -65 -58 -51 -44 -37 -30 -23 -16 -9 -2 5 12 19 26 33 40 47 54 61 68 75 82 89 96
μ Position Parameter
σ Shape Parameter
Conclusions:-
1. The mean determines the skewness of the distribution
2. A lower mean results in positively skewed distribution, i.e., right tailed
3. However,
4. A higher mean resultsininkurtosis
no change a negatively skewed
is noticed. distribution,
Thus, mean hasi.e., left tailedin
no influence
determining the kurtosis
68 75 82 89 96
CASE I CASE II CASE III
μ 10 μ 10 μ 10
σ 30 σ 40 σ 50
0.0120000
0.0100000
0.0080000
0.0060000
0.0040000
0.0020000
0.0000000
-100-93 -86 -79 -72 -65 -58 -51 -44 -37 -30 -23 -16 -9 -2 5 12 19 26 33 40 47 54 61 68 75 82 89 96
μ Position Parameter
σ Shape Parameter
Conclusions:-
1.
2. The SD determines
A lower the spread,
standard deviation i.e, more
means the kurtosis of the distribution
concentration around the mean, thus
resulting in a leptokurtic distribution
3. A higher standard deviation means less concentration around the mean, thus
resulting in ano
4. However, platykurtic
change indistribution
skewness is noticed. Thus, SD has no influence in
determining the skewness
61 68 75 82 89 96
SUBJECTS MARKS X P(X)
1 100 0 1.50508E-47 Normal
2 97 1 1.444235E-46
0.07
3 95 2 1.352165E-45
4 83 3 1.235194E-44
0.06
5 87 4 1.100917E-43
5 9.573865E-43 0.05
μ 92.4 6 8.123323E-42
σ 6.374951 7 6.725023E-41 0.04
8 5.432096E-40
9 4.281093E-39 0.03
10 3.291968E-38
11 2.469847E-37 0.02
12 1.807999E-36
13 1.291338E-35 0.01
14 8.999024E-35
15 6.118774E-34 0
16 4.059261E-33 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33
17 2.627503E-32
18 1.659408E-31
19 1.022531E-30
20 6.147714E-30
21 3.606321E-29 Conclusion
22 2.064091E-28 1. The Distribution is neg
23 1.152675E-27 2. The Distribution is lept
24 6.280559E-27
25 3.338901E-26
26 1.731898E-25
27 8.765057E-25
28 4.328135E-24
29 2.085261E-23
30 9.802431E-23
31 4.495942E-22
32 2.011969E-21
33 8.784871E-21
34 3.742512E-20
35 1.555624E-19
36 6.308987E-19
37 2.496481E-18
38 9.638523E-18
39 3.630834E-17
40 1.334492E-16
41 4.785629E-16
42 1.674464E-15
43 5.716446E-15
44 1.904101E-14
45 6.188248E-14
46 1.962271E-13
47 6.071049E-13
48 1.832661E-12
49 5.397769E-12
50 1.551172E-11
51 4.349299E-11
52 1.18985E-10
53 3.175988E-10
54 8.271399E-10
55 2.101807E-09
56 5.21099E-09
57 1.260553E-08
58 2.975198E-08
59 6.851477E-08
60 1.539452E-07
61 3.374906E-07
62 7.218896E-07
63 1.506585E-06
64 3.06782E-06
65 6.095087E-06
66 1.181527E-05
67 2.234708E-05
68 4.123933E-05
69 7.425336E-05
70 0.000130447
71 0.000223597
72 0.000373948
73 0.000610197
74 0.0009715
75 0.001509138
76 0.00228733
77 0.003382535
78 0.004880556
79 0.006870843
80 0.00943766
81 0.012648303
82 0.016539173
83 0.021101287
84 0.026267439
85 0.031903632
86 0.037807343
87 0.043714528
88 0.049316138
89 0.054283262
90 0.058298374
91 0.061088655
92 0.062456595
93 0.062303102
94 0.060639366
95 0.057585515
96 0.053356272
97 0.048236003
98 0.04254718
99 0.036617093
100 0.030747553
Normal Distributi on of Marks
6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 99
Conclusion
1. The Distribution is negatively skewed, i.e., left tailed
2. The Distribution is leptokurtik because of a small SD