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Information Retrieval 8 Term Weighting A

Term weighting assigns a weight to each term in a document based on its frequency and other properties to indicate the importance and usefulness of that term in describing the document's contents; the weights are used to rank documents in response to a query. Term frequencies within documents and a term's document frequency are used to compute weights, like TF-IDF, while a term correlation matrix reflects the correlation between terms that tend to co-occur.

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Vaibhav Khanna
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108 views11 pages

Information Retrieval 8 Term Weighting A

Term weighting assigns a weight to each term in a document based on its frequency and other properties to indicate the importance and usefulness of that term in describing the document's contents; the weights are used to rank documents in response to a query. Term frequencies within documents and a term's document frequency are used to compute weights, like TF-IDF, while a term correlation matrix reflects the correlation between terms that tend to co-occur.

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Khanna
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Information Retrieval : 8

Term Weighting

Prof Neeraj Bhargava


Vaibhav Khanna
Department of Computer Science
School of Engineering and Systems Sciences
Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University Ajmer
Term Weighting
• The terms of a document are not equally useful
for describing the document contents
• In fact, there are index terms which are simply
vaguer than others
• There are properties of an index term which are
useful for evaluating the importance of the term
in a document
– For instance, a word which appears in all documents
of a collection is completely useless for retrieval tasks
Term Weighting
• To characterize term importance, we associate a
weight wi,j > 0 with each term ki that occurs in the
document dj
– If ki that does not appear in the document dj , then
wi,j = 0.
• The weight wi,j quantifies the importance of the
index term ki for describing the contents of
document dj
• These weights are useful to compute a rank for
each document in the collection with regard to a
given query
Term Weighting
Term Weighting
• The weights wi,j can be computed using the frequencies of
occurrence of the terms within documents
• Let fi,j be the frequency of occurrence of index term ki in
• the document dj
• The total frequency of occurrence Fi of term ki in the
collection is defined as

• where N is the number of documents in the collection


Term Weighting
• The document frequency ni of a term ki is the number of
documents in which it occurs
• Notice that ni < Fi or ni = Fi.
• For instance, in the document collection below, the values fi,j ,
Fi and ni associated with the term do are
Term-term correlation matrix
• For classic information retrieval models, the index term
weights are assumed to be mutually independent
– This means that wi,j tells us nothing about wi+1,j
• This is clearly a simplification because occurrences of
index terms in a document are not uncorrelated
• For instance, the terms computer and network tend to
appear together in a document about computer
networks
– In this document, the appearance of one of these terms
attracts the appearance of the other
• Thus, they are correlated and their weights should
reflect this correlation.
Term-term correlation matrix
Term-term correlation matrix
TF-IDF Weights
• TF-IDF term weighting scheme:
– Term frequency (TF)
– Inverse document frequency (IDF)
– Foundations of the most popular term weighting
scheme in IR
Assignment
• Discuss in detail the concept of Term
Weighting and Term Correlation matrix

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