This document contains 16 problems involving dimensional analysis and modeling of fluid mechanics systems. The problems cover determining dimensionless parameters, dynamic similitude, and using experimental data from models to predict behavior of full-scale prototypes. Dimensional analysis is used to determine how variables such as pressure drop, drag, and thrust scale with length, velocity, density, viscosity, and other fundamental variables.
This document contains 16 problems involving dimensional analysis and modeling of fluid mechanics systems. The problems cover determining dimensionless parameters, dynamic similitude, and using experimental data from models to predict behavior of full-scale prototypes. Dimensional analysis is used to determine how variables such as pressure drop, drag, and thrust scale with length, velocity, density, viscosity, and other fundamental variables.
This document contains 16 problems involving dimensional analysis and modeling of fluid mechanics systems. The problems cover determining dimensionless parameters, dynamic similitude, and using experimental data from models to predict behavior of full-scale prototypes. Dimensional analysis is used to determine how variables such as pressure drop, drag, and thrust scale with length, velocity, density, viscosity, and other fundamental variables.
This document contains 16 problems involving dimensional analysis and modeling of fluid mechanics systems. The problems cover determining dimensionless parameters, dynamic similitude, and using experimental data from models to predict behavior of full-scale prototypes. Dimensional analysis is used to determine how variables such as pressure drop, drag, and thrust scale with length, velocity, density, viscosity, and other fundamental variables.
Faculty of Engineering Sheet 6 (Dimensional Analysis)
AEM Program Spring 2019
Similitude,Dimensional Analysis &Modeling
________________________________________________________________________ (1) Some common variables in fluid mechanics include: volume flowrate, Q, acceleration of gravity, g, viscosity , density, ρ and length, L. Which of the following combinations of these variables are dimensionless? (a) Q2/gL2 (b) ρQ/L (c) gL5/Q2 (d) ρQL/
(2) A fluid flows at a velocity V through a horizontal pipe of diameter D. An orifice plate containing a hole of diameter d is placed in the pipe. It is desired to investigate the pressure drop, p, across the plate. Assume that p = f (D, d, ρ, V) Where ρ is the fluid density. Determine a suitable set of pi terms.
(3) The thrust T, developed by a propeller of a given shape depends on its diameter, D, the fluid density, ρ, and the viscosity, , the angular speed of rotation, ɷ, and the advance velocity, V. Develop a suitable set of pi terms, one of which should be D2
(4) At a sudden contraction in a pipe the diameter changes from D 1 to D2. The pressure drop p, which develops across the contraction, is a function of D 1 and D2 , as well as the velocity, V, in the larger pipe, and the fluid density, ρ and the viscosity . Use D1, V, and as repeating variables to determine a suitable set of dimensionless parameters. Why would it be incorrect to include the velocity in the smaller pipe as an additional variable?
(5) Assume that the power, P, required to drive a fan is a function of the fan diameter, D, the fluid density ρ, the rotational speed, ɷ, and the flowrate, Q. Use D, ρ and ɷ as repeating variables to determine a suitable set of pi terms.
(6) The pressure rise, p, across a pump can be expressed as
p = f (D, Q) where D is the impeller diameter, ρ the fluid density, ɷ the rotational speed, and Q the flowrate. Determine a suitable set of dimensionless parameters.
(7) The drag, D, on a washer-shaped plate placed normal to a stream of fluid can be expressed as: D = f (d1, d2, V, , ρ,) where d1 is the outer diameter, d2 is the inner diameter, V the fluid velocity, the fluid viscosity, and ρ the fluid density. Some experiments are to be performed in a wind tunnel
Page 1/4 to determine the drag. What dimensionless parameters would you use to organize these date?
(8) The pressure drop p, along a straight pipe of diameter D has been experimentally studied, and it is observed that for laminar flow of a given fluid and pipe, the pressure drop varies directly with the distance, L, between pressure taps. Assume that p is a function of D and L, the velocity, V, and the fluid viscosity, . Use dimensional analysis to deduce how the pressure drop varies with pipe diameter.
(9) The pressure drop per unit length in a 0.25-in diameter gasoline fuel line is to be determined from a laboratory test using the same tubing but with water as the fluid. The pressure drop at a gasoline velocity of 1.0 ft/s is of interest. (a) What water velocity is required? (b) At the properly scaled velocity from part (a), the pressure drop per unit length (using water) was found to be 0.45 psf/ft. What is the predicted pressure drop per unit length for the gasoline line?
(10) The drag characteristics of a torpedo are to be studied in a water tunnel using a 1 : 5 scale model. The tunnel operates with freshwater at 20oC, whereas the prototype torpedo is to be used in seawater at 15.6oC. To correctly simulate the behavior of the prototype moving with a velocity of 30 m/s, what velocity is required in the water tunnel?
(11) The lift and drag developed on the hydrofoil are to be determined through wind tunnel test using standard air. If full-scale tests are to be run, what is the required wind tunnel velocity corresponding to a hydrofoil velocity in seawater at 15 mph? Assuming Reynolds number similarity is required.
(12) The drag on a 2-m-diameter satellite dish due to an 80 km/hr wind is to be
determined through a wind tunnel test using a geometrically similar 0.4-m-diameter model dish. Assume standard air for both model and prototype. (a) At what air speed should the model test be run? (b) With all similarly conditions satisfied, the measured drag on the model was determined to be 170 N. What is the predicted drag on the prototype dish?
(13) The drag, FD, on a sphere located in a pipe through which a fluid is flowing is to be determined experimentally (see the figure). Assume that the drag is a function of the
(a) What dimensionless parameters would you use for this problem?
Page 2/4 (b) Some experiments using water indicate that for d = 0.2 in., D = 0.5 in., and V = 2 ft/s, the drag is 1.5x10-3 lb. If possible, estimate the drag on a sphere located in a 2-ft-diameter pipe through which water is flowing with a velocity of 6 ft/s. The sphere diameter is such that geometric similarity is maintained. If it is not possible, explain why not.
(14) The drag on a 30-ft long, vertical, 1.25-ft diameter pole subjected to a 30 mph wind is to be determined with a model study. It is expected that the drag is a function of the pole length and diameter, the fluid density and viscosity, and the fluid velocity. Laboratory model tests were performed in a high-speed water tunnel using a model pole having a length of 2 ft and a diameter of 1 in. Some model drag data are shown in figure. Based on these data, predict the drag on the full-sized pole.
(15) The pressure rise, p = p2 – p1 , across the abrupt expansion shown in figure, through which a liquid is flowing can be expressed as: p = f (A1, A2, ρ, V1) where A1 and A2 are the upstream and downstream cross-sectional areas, respectively, ρ is the fluid density, and V1 is the upstream velocity. Some experimental data obtained with A2 = 1.25 ft2, V1 = 5.00 ft/s. and using water with density 1.94 slugs/ft2 are given in the following table. A1 (ft2) 0.10 0.25 0.37 0.52 0.61 p (lb/ft ) 2 3.25 7.85 10.3 11.6 12.3 Plot the result of these tests using suitable dimensionless parameters. With the aid of a standard curve fitting program determine a general equation for p and use this equation
Page 3/4 to predict p for water flowing through an abrupt expansion with an area ratio A1/A2 = 0.35 at a velocity V1 = 3.75 ft/s.
(16) The pressure rise, p, across a centrifugal pump of a given shape (see the figure) can be expressed as: p = f (D, Q) where D is the impeller diameter, ɷ the angular velocity of the impeller, ρ the fluid density, and Q the volume rate of flow through the pump. A model pump having a diameter of 8 in. is tested in the laboratory using water. When operated at an angular velocity of 40 π rad/s the model pressure rise as a function of Q is shown in figure. Use this curve to predict the pressure rise across a geometrically similar pump (prototype) for a prototype flowrate of 6 ft3/s. The prototype has a diameter of 12 in. and operates at an angular velocity of 60π rad/s. The prototype fluid is also water.
Hydraulic Tables; The Elements Of Gagings And The Friction Of Water Flowing In Pipes, Aqueducts, Sewers, Etc., As Determined By The Hazen And Williams Formula And The Flow Of Water Over The Sharp-Edged And Irregular Weirs, And The Quantity Discharged
Hydraulic Tables; The Elements Of Gagings And The Friction Of Water Flowing In Pipes, Aqueducts, Sewers, Etc., As Determined By The Hazen And Williams Formula And The Flow Of Water Over The Sharp-Edged And Irregular Weirs, And The Quantity Discharged
