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Assignment 4

This document contains discussion questions and practice problems related to stop watch time studies. It addresses key concepts in work measurement including work content, job enlargement, job enrichment, time standards, normal time, and standard time. Practice problems provide examples of calculating standard time based on observed times from time studies accounting for factors like performance ratings and allowances. The document is intended as a review for students and provides questions to assess understanding of stop watch time study methods and calculations.

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syed ali
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471 views4 pages

Assignment 4

This document contains discussion questions and practice problems related to stop watch time studies. It addresses key concepts in work measurement including work content, job enlargement, job enrichment, time standards, normal time, and standard time. Practice problems provide examples of calculating standard time based on observed times from time studies accounting for factors like performance ratings and allowances. The document is intended as a review for students and provides questions to assess understanding of stop watch time study methods and calculations.

Uploaded by

syed ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WS & ME (Batch 2017-21) 5th Semester (2020)

Stop Watch Based Time Study –


Review and Practice Questions
Discussion and Review Questions

1) Define: (i) Work Measurement (ii) Work Content


2) Contrast the meanings of the terms job enlargement and job enrichment.
3) What is the purpose of approaches such as job enlargement and job enrichment? What
effect can they have on work content?
4) Some Japanese firms have a policy of rotating their managers among different
managerial jobs. In contrast, American managers are more likely to specialize in a
certain area (e.g., finance or operations). Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
each of these approaches. Which do you prefer? Why?
5) What is a time standard? What factors must be taken into account when developing
standards?
6) What is the difference between the “normal” and the “standard” time?
7) Could performance rating be avoided by studying a group of workers and averaging
their times? Explain briefly.
8) What are the main limitations of time study?
9) Comment on the following. “At any given instant, the standard times for many jobs will
not be strictly correct”.
a) Why is this so?
b) Does this mean that those standards are useless? Explain.
10) Why do workers sometimes resent time studies?
11) Who uses the results of work measurement in an organization, and how do they use
them?

IQTM, University of the Punjab, Lahore. Page 1 of 4


WS & ME (Batch 2017-21) 5th Semester (2020)

Problems

1) An analyst has timed a metal-cutting operation for 50 cycles. The average time per cycle
was 10.40 minutes, and the standard deviation was 1.20 minutes for a worker with a
performance rating of 125 percent. Assume an allowance to 16 percent of job time. Find
the standard time for this operation.
2) A job was timed for 60 cycles and had an average of 1.2 minutes per piece. The
performance rating was 95 percent, and workday allowances are 10 percent. Determine
each of the following:
a) Observed time
b) Normal time
c) Standard time
3) A time study was conducted on a job that contains four elements. The observed times and
performance rating for six cycles are shown in the following table:

Performance OBSERVATIONS (MINUTES PER CYCLE)


Element Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6
1………………. 90% 1.44 0.50 0.43 0.45 0.48 0.46
2………………. 85 1.50 1.54 1.47 1.51 1.49 1.52
3………………. 110 0.84 0.89 0.77 0.83 0.85 0.80
4………………. 100 1.10 1.14 1.08 1.20 1.16 1.26
a) Determine the average cycle time for each element.
b) Find the normal time for each element.
c) Assuming an allowance factor of 15 percent of job time, compute the standard time for
this job.
4) Given these observed times (in minutes) for four elements of a job, determine the observed
time (OT) for each element. Note: The second element only occurs every other cycle.

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WS & ME (Batch 2017-21) 5th Semester (2020)

CYCLE
1 2 3 4 5 6
Element 1 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1
Element 2 --- 1.5 --- 1.6 --- 1.4
Element 3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3
Element 4 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8

5) Given these observed times (in minutes) for five elements of a job, determine the observed
time (OT) for each element. Note: Some of the elements occur only periodically.
CYCLE
1 2 3 4 5 6
Element 1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 ---
Element 2 --- 1.1 --- 1.0 --- 1.2
Element 3 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.3
Element 4 4.0 --- --- 4.2 --- ---
Element 5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
6) Develop an allowance percentage for a job element that requires the worker to lift a weight
of 10 pounds while (1) standing in a slightly awkward position, (2) in light that is slightly
below recommended standards, and (3) with intermittent loud noises occurring. The
monotony for this element is high. Include a personal allowance of 5 percent and a basic
fatigue allowance of 4 percent of job time.
7) A worker-machine operation was found to involve 3.3 minutes of machine time per cycle in
the course of 40 cycles of stopwatch study. The worker’s time averaged 1.9 minutes per
cycle, and the worker was given a rating of 120 percent (machine rating is 100 percent).
Midway through the study, the worker took a 10 minute rest break. Assuming an allowance
factor of 12 percent of work time, determine the standard time for this job.
8) A recently negotiated union contract allows workers in a shipping department 24 minutes
for rest, 10 minutes for personal time, and 14 minutes for delays for each four hours
worked. A time study analyst observed a job that is performed continuously and found an

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WS & ME (Batch 2017-21) 5th Semester (2020)

average time of 6.0 minutes per cycle for a worker she rated at 95 percent. What standard
time is applicable for that operation?
9) The data in the table below represent time study observations for a woodworking
operation.
a) Based on the observations, determine the standard time for the operation, assuming an
allowance of 15 percent of job time.
b) How many observations would be needed to estimate the mean time for element 2
within 1 percent of its true value with a 95.5 percent confidence?
c) How many observations would be needed to estimate the mean time for element 2
within .01 minute of its true value with a 95.5 percent confidence?

Performance OBSERVATIONS (MINUTES PER CYCLE)


Element Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6
1………………. 110% 1.20 1.17 1.16 1.22 1.24 1.15
2………………. 115 0.83 0.87 0.78 0.82 0.85 1.32
3………………. 105 0.58 0.53 0.52 0.59 0.60 0.54
10) How many observations should a time study analyst plan for in an operation that has a
standard deviation of 1.5 minutes per piece if the goal is to estimate the mean time per
piece to within 0.4 minute with a confidence of 95.5 percent?
11) How many work cycles should be timed to estimate the average cycle time to within 2
percent of the sample mean with a confidence of 99 percent if a pilot study yielded these
times (minutes): 5.2, 5.5, 5.8, 5.3, 5.5 and 5.1?

**Happy Learning**

IQTM, University of the Punjab, Lahore. Page 4 of 4

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