Jacobi Water Services PDF
Jacobi Water Services PDF
Jacobi Water Services PDF
Carbon
for Water
Processes
THE CHALL ANGE | 3
WAT ER . The supply of clean, fresh water is rapidly becoming more and
The
Proactive
more constrained as populations rise and demand for high quality water
grows around the world.
Solution
The
Company
6 | M U N I C I PA L D R I N K I N G WAT E R
Removal efficiency of
The
Conscientious
selected pharmaceutical products
PAC dosage: 10mg/L
Company 100
90
80
AquaSorb™ MP25 Reference carbon
40
30
20
10
0
Carbamazepine Diclofenac Dehydrato-Erythromycin A Sulfamethoxazole
50
Jacobi’s portfolio includes a range of innovative products (in powdered,
standard granular and micro-granular forms) to deal with these emerging 40
MP21
OV ER T HE Y E A R S the amount of natural organic matter (NOM) has
Company
MP22
MP23 increased in raw water supplies in several areas. This originates from
MP24
rainwater run-off, groundwater seepage or biological activity in surface
MP25
G9
water sources. In reservoirs and rivers, the degradation of algal blooms
Competitor C causes an earthy-musty taste and issues with odour.
Competitor N#1
Competitor N#2
Competitor D
Organic chemicals like Geosmin and Methylisoborneol are the two major
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
causes for unwanted tastes and odours. Although they represent a
minor health risk, the water is unpalatable. Once considered a seasonal
MIB removal efficiencies phenomenon, this is increasingly becoming a year-round problem due to
(PAC from the AquaSorb™ range) the higher average temperatures and heavy periods of rainfall.
90%
The removal of organic matter, as well as chemicals used in agricultural
PAC dosage: 10 mg/L
80% and industrial applications, relies on treatment by activated carbons. Our
PAC dosage: 40 mg/L
70% AquaSorb™ range is tailored to target NOM. It is available in granular (GAC)
60% or powdered (PAC) form, depending on the equipment at the treatment
50% facilities, and the nature, duration and persistence of the treatment target.
40%
30% Jacobi provides a comprehensive solution for all water production and
20% treatment sites. It consists of liquid and customised particle size activated
CP1 LP27 BP2 MP23 MP24 MP25
carbons, static and mobile PAC dosing equipment and temporary GAC Activated carbons help remove chemicals
Compiling of several test results done on tap water spiked at a target concentration of 100 ng/L of MIB. Kinetic tests at 20 minutes
for pest control in agricultural settings.
of contact time. In the presence of organic matter. adsorption units. Our in-house service teams can assist with fixed
installations to help in management, exchange and regeneration of our
Atrazine removal efficiencies customers’ activated carbon.
(PAC from the AquaSorb™ range)
100%
PAC dosage: 20 mg/L
PAC dosage: 50 mg/L
90%
80%
70%
60%
Natural Organic Matter (NOM) is
prevalent in many water sources where
50% degradation of algal blooms result in
unpalatable water. Organic chemicals
40% like Geosmin and Methylisoborneol
MP20 CP21 BP2 XP17 MP21 MP23 MP24 MP27 MP25 Increasing regulatory pressures require cause an earthy-musty taste and
Trials on Cher river raw water done by PICA Jacobi Lab in Vierzon (France) in 2011. Kinetic tests at 10 minutes of contact time.
more stringent limits on contaminants odour, fortunately the majority of
In the presence of organic matter. in wastewater discharges and drinking these compounds can be removed with
water supplies. activated carbons.
As a Point of Entry (POE) these systems can also provide pure water for
specific areas of larger buildings by removing sterilising agents, industrial
chemicals and residual pesticides that may exist or become added to
domestic and municipal water supplies. Jacobi’s AquaSorb™ CX, LS and
AquaSorb™ HXC is a specially treated
GXB are widely used in consumer water treatment devices. product with a wide spectrum of
adsorption properties and low phosphate
content that is used as a filtration
For decades, activated carbon has been used as a filtration medium for medium in fish aquariums.
fish aquariums. Jacobi provides AquaSorb™ HXC that has wide spectrum
adsorption properties and low phosphate content. In swimming pools,
granular activated carbon serves in the removal of residual low molecular
weight organics generated by the action of adding ozone to the water.
Recommended products include AquaSorb™ CR, CX-MCA and CP.
The
Everywhere
Company Jug water filters, and other Point of Use
(POU) systems, using activated carbon
provide an extra layer of protection and
provide pure, clean drinking water.
14 | E F F L U E N T WAT E R
The
Treatment
EFFL U EN T WAT ER OR IG IN AT E S from a variety of industrial, food
manufacturing and waste management processes. Characterising and
identifying particular compounds is often complex. Levels of dissolved
Company
organic compounds are measured as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD),
and include traces of toxic materials that disguise the real source of the
pollutant.
Mobile filtration units adsorb residual COD and Characterising and identifying particular
toxic materials, and can be installed in parallel compounds in effluent water is often complex.
or in series.
16 | S O F T D R I N K S A N D B R E W E R I E S
The
Refreshing
Company
The distinctive taste that is created by free chlorine (Cl2) is not masked by adding flavour
concentrate. During high temperature processes it can be liberated as an acidic gas, which leads to
corrosion of equipment, damage of sensitive yeasts, and a hazardous work environment.
Concerned
The
Company
Detection is key to efficient removal
of chloramines.
AQUA SORB CB -SERIES PRODUC T S ARE AVAIL ABLE IN ALL OTHER TERRITORIES .
AQ UA S O R B M P-S ER IE S P RO D U C T S A R E S O L D E XC L USI V ELY IN T HE EU RO P E A N U NI O N R E G I O N .
Recycling
Colours
Humic acids
microcystins
Organic matter (TOC)
Pesticides, herbicides…
Wastewater X X X X X
Process water
AquaSorb™
CP series
X
CP series
XX XX XX XXX X XX XX XX
X
BP series
X
BP series
AquaSorb™ product grades for process water and industrial
XX
X
MP series
Spent carbon must be lab tested to determine
CB series
PO W DE R
PO W DE R
suitability for regeneration or reactivation.
XX
XX
XX
X
T R E AT MEN T OF WAT ER in municipal and industrial facilities where So which method is the best? Many experts favour regeneration to ensure
granular activated carbon (GAC) is employed requires regeneration complete elimination of contaminants. Reactivation, on the other hand, can
LP series
or reactivation. It is essential that this recycling process is conducted save money and it has low impact on the environment by reducing landfill
G series
XXX
XXX
XX
with little environmental impact, and in a cost effective way to ensure waste. However, reactivation facilities cannot accept the return of any
maximum effectiveness and return on investment. However, as the spent carbon until it has been tested and approved.
Resorb series
availability of suitable sites for disposal of waste material is scarce, costs
LP series
continue to rise. Jacobi operates two systems to manage our customers’ reactivation needs.
XXX
XX XX
XX XX
XX XX
X
For drinking water applications we use ReSorb™ Solo. The spent granular
To control contaminants, both the regeneration and reactivation methods activated carbons (GAC) is returned to the reactivation facility in food-
C series
utilize a high temperature in a controlled environment. grade kilns, and is then sent back to the customer with or without make-
X
This effectively cleans and restores the available pore structure up of the virgin activated carbon. The process is carried out in individual
H series
C series
X
within the spent carbon so that it can be reused. batches to guarantee traceability and plant origin. With the ReSorb™ Pool
systems, the spent carbon is returned to the reactivation facility and then
100 series
retained for sale in Jacobi’s ReSorb™ range.
X X
X
H100 series
1000 series
XX
X
5000 series
GRANU LAR
GRANU LAR
6000 series
L-series
XXX
XX
X
Resorb series
PICABIOL
XXX
XX
X
X
High temperature rotary kilns are used to remove
contaminates from spent activated carbon.
SERVICES | 25
Mobile
The
Company
Mobile filter units can be operated in parallel or in a series to remove a wide array of contaminants.
The mobile filter units can be placed in parallel to increase the processing
rates, or in a series to improve the performance reduction. When the spent
activated carbon reaches saturation, it is replaced in the existing filter with
a new load. Spent activated carbons can be regenerated in a loop to return
it at a later stage, or replaced with virgin GAC as the particular conditions
J AC O B I ’ S M O B I L E F I LT E R U N I T S A R E A N E A S Y-T O - U S E
of operation dictate. This design allows the efficient removal of a wide
S O L U T I O N F O R T R E AT M E N T O F :
variety of dissolved organics. Operation in semi-static mode is particularly
suitable for temporary or emergency use.
• Potable water
• Process water
• Purification of solutions
• Process effluent water
• Groundwater treatment
Jacobi’s service teams are certified
• Process liquor purification according to recognised health and
safety standards, and can provide a
full service package.
26 | R AW M AT E R I A L S
Versatile The
Company
COCONUT
Coconut shell based carbon provides a highly microporous pore system,
ideally suited for removal of low molecular weight compounds. The
extremely low ash content makes it perfect when surface reaction is
required, like in dechlorination or removal of ozone. Our AquaSorb™ C
Series, provides an excellent range of grades based on coconut shell.
BIT UMINOUS
The high durability allows repeated regeneration cycles to be
performed with excellent recovery of product. Agglomerated or
re-agglomerated, it generates a more mesoporous activated carbon
JAC OBI ’ S AC T I VAT ED C A R BON S are manufactured from a large with capacity for larger molecules. Bituminous coal carbons are
available in our AquaSorb™ 1000 series (direct) and AquaSorb™
range of raw materials to address any water treatment issue in the most
6000 series (agglomerated) forms.
efficient and cost-effective way. The selection of the correct activated
carbon is critical, whether the challenge is in potable, process or waste
applications.
formed into extrudates (pellets), as filter design often demands the use
of a uniform particle size.
LIGNITE
This raw material has an extremely microporous and macroporous pore
system making it ideally suited for medium to large molecules, like
Geosmin, Methylisoborneol, colours and complex organic acids. It is
offered in the AquaSorb™ 5000 series.
J AC O B I ’ S P R O D U C T S C O M P LY W I T H I N T E R N AT I O N A L
A N D L O C A L R E G U L AT I O N S :
WOOD
Wood based carbon has a more highly developed mesoporosity
(steam activation) and macroporosity (chemical activation). These
Conformité Européenne materials are more versatile in adsorption efficiency and capacity. The
AquaSorb™ PICABIOL2® series consists of biological activated carbon
– EN 12903 and EN 12915
(BAC), which offers extraordinary extension of operating life.
The
Production
Company Our dedicated lab technicians have
developed over 2,400 product
specifications to date.
FAQ’s
What is the benefit of using several filters in common methods for disinfection include washing the
carbons. A relevant parameter is the function of the
series or parallel? bed with hot water (above 80 C˚), steaming the bed (if
exact application of activated carbons. For example, the materials of construction of the adsorption system
Several filters installed in series or parallel increase
for pesticides removal, the iodine number is a reliable permit it), or washing the bed with caustic. Jacobi can
the contact time, and, as a consequence, the removal
parameter, while molasses is more representative of provide more detailed procedures if required.
efficiency. In series enhances safety and increases the
organic matter adsorption.
effluent treatment efficiency, as the second filter will
ensure final polishing. Once the first filter is saturated, How long does granular activated carbons last?
When is powdered activated carbon used? Granular activated carbon life can vary from a few
it is replaced by the second filter and a new filter is
What information is required for product Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is preferably used in months to more than 8 years. It relies on four main
installed for the polishing. This minimizes interruption of
recommendation? the case of temporary (seasonal or accidental) pollution factors:
the operation.
To recommend the best product and grain size, and in plants equipped with a separation step (coagulation-
design a granular activated carbon filter to achieve sedimentation, ultrafiltration etc). It can be implemented • Nature, concentration, physical and chemical
the targeted performance, Jacobi experts will require immediately, and is conventionally injected as a slurry characteristics of the molecule to adsorb and
information regarding: at the very beginning of the treatment line to treat raw other molecules present in water
water. But processes using PAC continuously for the • Choice of activated carbons
• Origin and final use of the effluent to treat polishing of water are also developing. After use and • Design and operating conditions
• Nature, concentration, physical and chemical separation from water, PAC needs to be disposed of. PAC • Expected removal efficiency
characteristics of the molecules to adsorb and the and GAC can be implemented at the same plant. PAC
other parameters of the effluent will protect GAC from peak loads of pollution. When is it time to reactivate or replace activated
• Description of the treatment line carbon?
• Design and operating conditions How does granular activated carbon work? When the activated carbon no longer meets the
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is meant to treat both How much carbon needs to be put online?
• E-removal efficiency treatment objectives, it must be replaced or reactivated.
continuous and temporary pollution of water, generally This will depend greatly on the application of interest.
To make sure that the spent GAC complies with our
as the last polishing step of the plant. It is installed in The key design parameter used in the drinking water
reactivation acceptance criteria, the usage time can be
filters (gravity or pressurized) and operated for a long and beverage industries is Empty Bed Contact Time
limited so that the reactivated GAC quality will be close
period of time, generally several years. Once GAC is (EBCT), which is simply measured by dividing the
to the virgin GAC quality.
saturated, it must be reactivated or replaced. When PAC volume of the carbon bed by the liquid flow rate. EBCT’s
Jacobi provides annual analytical follow-up of GAC
and GAC are implemented in the same plant, PAC will for water applications are typically 3–5 minutes for
during operation to help customers make the right
protect GAC from peak loads of pollution. dechlorination, 7–10 minutes for chloramine removal
decision at the correct time.
(which can be reduced to 3–5 minutes if catalytic
What needs to be done before putting GAC into carbons such as AquaSorb™ CX-MCA are used), and
operation? 10–15 minutes for organic compounds.
In order to neutralize granular activated carbons and
What kind of tests are performed to differentiate remove the intrinsic dust, standard GACs need to How can a carbon bed be disinfected if biological
products? undergo a complete commissioning operation including growth occurs in the bed?
Selection of activated carbons should be ideally a soaking phase for 24–48 hours, air scouring and Disinfection of carbon beds is a challenge, as typical
performed after tests in “real” conditions, for example backwashing. Jacobi also offers pre-conditioned GACs disinfectants used on other equipment and media (e.g.
by jar-test for PAC, or dynamic trials for GAC. Otherwise, that have been soaked, neutralized and de-dusted, chlorine, permanganate) will react with the carbon, and
the choice relies on the quality parameters of activated which allows a much quicker start-up. organic biocides will adsorb onto the carbon. The most
Global
Jacobi Carbons has developed
the most diverse production
Company
manufacturing plants,
reactivation plants and sales
offices located in 19 countries
around the world.
JACOBI CARBONS IS
A PROUD MEMBER OF THE
OSAKA GAS CHEMICALS GROUP