Part 1 - Digital Imaging

PART 1 – DIGITAL IMAGING
DIGITAL IMAGING
DIGITAL GRAPHICS
- digitized image
DIGITAL IMAGING
- encompasses all the creative processes that use computers primarily to create image
CATEGORIES OF IMAGE CREATION (TYPES OF DIGITAL IMAGE)

1. Vector graphics
- computer generated drawings composed of lines and Bezier curves (vector data)
- used for creating clipart, logo, and line art drawings
- created using drawing programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Macromedia Freehand, and CorelDraw
- scalable and sharp
2. Bitmap graphics
- made up of picture elements (pixels) that are arranged in grid or bitmap
- anything scanned, photos from cell phones, digital cam, digital video cam, or analog video
captured images, and vector drawing imported into Adobe Photoshop
- resolution-dependent
PIXEL
Bitmap images are composed of pixels. Pixel is a discrete unit that composing an image.
Characteristics of a pixel:
1. A computer pixel is a square and cannot be divided into partial pixel.
2. Each pixel has a unique location in a bitmap.
3. Pixel has a value or color information that defines the color or tone of the bitmap image.
Bit Depth or Pixel Depth is the number of potential colors of a pixel.
Bit Depth Table
Bit Depth No. of Colors Color Mode Channel
1-bit 21 2 colors (black & white) Bitmap 1
2-bit 22 4 colors
4-bit 24 16 colors
8-bit 28 256 colors (grayscale) Grayscale 1
16-bit 2 16 65,536 colors (thousands)
24-bit 224 16,777,216 colors (millions) RGB 3
36-bit 236 68,719,476,736 colors (billions) CMYK 4
*** The greater the bit depth, the more the available colors and the more accurate the color
representation, but it also means larger amount of file size.
COLOR MODE
The colors represented by bit depth are organized according to the color mode – the system of
displaying or printing colors.
1. Bitmap
- the simplest form of true B&W graphic image
- contains two types of pixels, literally B&W, used to create line art drawing
2. Grayscale
- composed of 1 channel with 256 possible shades of gray
- displays what we traditionally think of a B&W image
3. RGB (Red, Green, Blue)
- composed of 3 channels
I.T, Instructor: Genalyn D. Villafuerte 1

- colors produced by computer monitor, TV, scanner, cell phones screen, and digicam are based
on this concept
- also called additive colors because when projected together at full values produces white
4. CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black)
- composed of 4 channels
- primary colors of pigments (ink, wax, toner, & dye) used by printers/printing press are based on
this concept
- also called subtractive colors because the absence of these colors produces white
RGB contains more colors, especially the brighter ones, than can be printed.
CMYK gives you the most accurate representation of what will be printed.
However, your monitor is RGB so your CMYK color mode won't view perfectly on your monitor
compared to a printed sheet.
5. Indexed
- contains 1 channel that can handle only a specific, user defined color palette
- used of maximum of 256 colors to display full-color image
- often used when publishing files to the web or multimedia applications
6. HSB
- the Color’s Picker Default Mode
- each possible color consists of the ff. characteristics:
H – hue or colors of light
S – saturation (chroma) or intensity of colors
B – brightness value
7. LAB
- defines color as a combination of 3 channels:
L – luminance or lightness
A – colors ranging from green to magenta
B – colors ranging from blue to yellow
8. Monotone/Duotone/Tritone/Quadtone
- grayscale images using one to four custom inks
- used to prepare images for printing on a 1 – 4 color press
RESOLUTION
The number of pixels over a physical distance is called resolution.
1. Scanning Resolution – the number of pixels when an image is scanned, sometimes referred to a
sample per inch (spi)
2. Image Resolution – the number of pixels per inch (ppi) that are displayed in an image
3. Device Resolution – the number of pixels that a device can produce, it is a measured in dpi, ppi, or
lpi
DIMENSION
Dimension is the image size. A digital image has two dimensions: horizontal (x) and vertical (y).
1. Physical Dimension
- getting the height and width of an image, it is expressed in inches or cm
= Pixel Dimension___
Device Resolution
2. Pixel Dimension
- measured in pixel height and pixel width
= Physical Dimension * Image Resolution
FILE SIZE
File size is expressed in bytes, KB or MB
= Pixel Dimension * Color Mode
1,048,576 bytes

Terminology:
Anti-aliasing – a method of averaging or softening of transition from one color to another
Continuous tone – the individual pixel on the image is not visible to the viewer
Pixelization – (pixelized/pixelated) jagged edges become obvious to the viewer
PROCESS AND TOOLS

STAGES OF DIGITAL IMAGING
1. Digitizing
- converting image into series of pixels
Ways of Digitizing:
a. scanning of photographs or artworks
b. capturing video images
c. taking photographs with digicam, webcam, or cellphone
Not all images require digitizing, examples are:
a. importing artwork from drawing programs
b. creating images directly in Photoshop
c. image coming from Photo CD or downloaded from the web
Tools for Digitizing:
a. Scanner d. Cell phones
b. Digital camera e. Photo CD
c. Web camera f. Internet
2. Image Manipulation and Storage
- includes the ff:
a. Platforms – the operating systems
b. Image editing programs – such as Adobe Photoshop
c. Filters or Plug-ins – developed by third party companies to enhance the features of image
editing programs
d. Storage solutions - storage devices with larger capacity such as flash drive, hard disk, and
CD/DVD
e. Compression – process of minimizing the image’s file size
Types: 1. Lossy – discarding data while degrading the image’s quality
Ex: JPEG
2. Lossless – compressing technique with no quality loss
Ex: PDF, TIFF, GIF, BMP, ZIP
3. Outputting
- the intended use for the digitized and manipulated image
Ways of Outputting: Tools for Outputting:
a. printing a. Printer
b. viewing for presentations, b. Monitor
programs, and web
pages
*** Each type of output device has a different resolution requirement and meeting this is the key to
quality outputting.
Monitor (72 ppi or 96 ppi) – used low resolution to display a full size image on screen for presentations,
programs, and web pages
Printer (300 ppi) – used high resolution to print an image smoothly

Part 1 - Digital Imaging

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Part 1 - Digital Imaging

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Part 1 - Digital Imaging

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PART 1 – DIGITAL IMAGING

CATEGORIES OF IMAGE CREATION (TYPES OF DIGITAL IMAGE)

I.T, Instructor: Genalyn D. Villafuerte 1

I.T, Instructor: Genalyn D. Villafuerte 2

PROCESS AND TOOLS

I.T, Instructor: Genalyn D. Villafuerte 3

You might also like